Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of mikania cordata (burm.f.) b.l. robinson leaves. | the purpose of the present study to examine the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of ethanol extract of leaves of mikania cordata (burm.f.) b.l. robinson. to determine antibacterial activities, the extract was tested against four gram positive and six gram negative bacteria at three concentrations (500, 800, 1000 μg disc(-1)) through disc diffusion method. the extract showed moderate antibacterial actions and that was increased by increasing the concentration of the sample. the maximum anti ... | 2011 | 24826008 |
| non-stoichiometric o-acetylation of shigella flexneri 2a o-specific polysaccharide: synthesis and antigenicity. | synthetic functional mimics of the o-antigen from shigella flexneri 2a are seen as promising vaccine components against endemic shigellosis. herein, the influence of the polysaccharide non-stoichiometric di-o-acetylation on antigenicity is addressed for the first time. three decasaccharides, representing relevant internal mono- and di-o-acetylation profiles of the o-antigen, were synthesized from a pivotal protected decasaccharide designed to tailor late stage site-selective o-acetylation. the l ... | 2014 | 24836582 |
| shigella flexneri inhibits intestinal inflammation by modulation of host sphingosine-1-phosphate in mice. | infection with invasive shigella species results in intestinal inflammation in humans but no symptoms in adult mice. to investigate why adult mice are resistant to invasive shigellae, 6~8-week-old mice were infected orally with s. flexneri 5a. shigellae successfully colonized the small and large intestines. mild cell death was seen but no inflammation. the infected bacteria were cleared 24 hours later. microarray analysis of infected intestinal tissue showed that several genes that are involved ... | 2014 | 24851099 |
| biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using acacia leucophloea extract and their antibacterial activity. | the immense potential of nanobiotechnology makes it an intensely researched field in modern medicine. green nanomaterial synthesis techniques for medicinal applications are desired because of their biocompatibility and lack of toxic byproducts. we report the toxic byproducts free phytosynthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (agnps) using the bark extract of the traditional medicinal plant acacia leucophloea (fabaceae). visual observation, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and transmission elect ... | 2014 | 24876776 |
| cold-active antibacterial and antifungal activities and antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from an alpine hydrocarbon-contaminated industrial site. | selection pressure in hydrocarbon-contaminated soils may lead not only to increased microbial resistance to antibiotics, but also to increased capacity of the soil indigenous population to produce antimicrobial compounds. therefore, we studied the antibiotic resistance pattern and antibacterial and/or antifungal activities of 47 bacterial strains isolated from an industrial alpine site heavily polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons. resistance to penicillin was more widespread (49%) than resistanc ... | 2014 | 24880083 |
| phyllanthus wightianus müll. arg.: a potential source for natural antimicrobial agents. | phyllanthus wightianus belongs to euphorbiaceae family having ethnobotanical importance. the present study deals with validating the antimicrobial potential of solvent leaf extracts of p. wightianus. 11 human bacterial pathogens (bacillus subtilis, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus epidermidis, proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marcescens) and 4 fungal pathogens (cand ... | 2014 | 24883301 |
| travel-related shigellosis in quebec, canada: an analysis of risk factors. | travel-related shigellosis is not well documented in canada although it is frequently acquired abroad and can cause severe disease. | 2015 | 24889090 |
| rna-seq analysis of the influence of anaerobiosis and fnr on shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri is an important human pathogen that has to adapt to the anaerobic environment in the gastrointestinal tract to cause dysentery. to define the influence of anaerobiosis on the virulence of shigella, we performed deep rna sequencing to identify transcriptomic differences that are induced by anaerobiosis and modulated by the anaerobic fumarate and nitrate reduction regulator, fnr. | 2014 | 24907032 |
| probiotic assessment of enterococcus durans 6hl and lactococcus lactis 2hl isolated from vaginal microflora. | forty-five lactic acid bacteria (lab) were isolated from the vaginal specimens of healthy fertile women, and the identities of the bacteria were confirmed by sequencing of their 16s rdna genes. among these bacteria, only four isolates were able to resist and survive in low ph, bile salts and simulated in vitro digestion conditions. lactococcus lactis 2hl, enterococcus durans 6hl, lactobacillus acidophilus 36yl and lactobacillus plantarum 5bl showed the best resistance to these conditions. these ... | 2014 | 24913559 |
| biophysical characterization of the type iii secretion tip proteins and the tip proteins attached to bacterium-like particles. | bacterium-like particles (blps), derived from lactococcus lactis, offer a self-adjuvanting delivery vehicle for subunit protein vaccines. proteins can be specifically loaded onto the blps via a peptidoglycan anchoring (pa) domain. in this study, the tip proteins ipad, sipd, and lcrv belonging to type iii secretion systems of shigella flexneri, salmonella enterica, and yersinia enterocolitica, respectively, were fused to the pa and loaded onto the blps. herein, we biophysically characterized thes ... | 2015 | 24916512 |
| elongation factor p and modifying enzyme poxa are necessary for virulence of shigella flexneri. | elongation factor p (ef-p) is a universally conserved bacterial translation factor. in many bacteria, ef-p is posttranslationally modified by poxa, which covalently attaches a β-lysine to a conserved lysine residue of ef-p. here we show that both ef-p and poxa are necessary for virulence of the human diarrheal pathogen shigella flexneri. loss of either ef-p or poxa leads to an impaired ability of s. flexneri to invade epithelial cells and form plaques in an epithelial cell monolayer. proteomic a ... | 2014 | 24935977 |
| atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with a cd46 mutation triggered by shigella flexneri. | we present a case of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) triggered by shigella flexneri. of the shigella species, only s. dysenteriae type 1 is said to produce shiga toxin and consequently cause hus. investigation of the complement system in this patient revealed a cd46 mutation. in individuals with mutations in complement genes incomplete penetrance of atypical hus (ahus) is seen, suggesting that a trigger, such as infection, is required for disease to manifest. in an era of complement modulatory ... | 2014 | 24944786 |
| reconstituted human polyclonal plasma-derived secretory-like igm and iga maintain the barrier function of epithelial cells infected with an enteropathogen. | intravenous administration of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies has proven to be a clinically valid approach in the treatment, or at least relief, of many acute and chronic pathologies, such as infection, immunodeficiency, and a broad range of autoimmune conditions. plasma-derived igg or recombinant igg are most frequently used for intravenous or subcutaneous administration, whereas a few igm-based products are available as well. we have established recently that secretory-like iga and igm ca ... | 2014 | 24951593 |
| shigella reroutes host cell central metabolism to obtain high-flux nutrient supply for vigorous intracellular growth. | shigella flexneri proliferate in infected human epithelial cells at exceptionally high rates. this vigorous growth has important consequences for rapid progression to life-threatening bloody diarrhea, but the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain poorly understood. here, we used metabolomics, proteomics, and genetic experiments to determine host and shigella metabolism during infection in a cell culture model. the data suggest that infected host cells maintain largely normal fluxes through glyc ... | 2014 | 24958876 |
| myosin iia is essential for shigella flexneri cell-to-cell spread. | a key feature of shigella pathogenesis is the ability to spread from cell-to-cell post-invasion. this is dependent on the bacteria's ability to initiate de novo f-actin tail polymerisation, followed by protrusion formation, uptake of bacteria-containing protrusion and finally, lysis of the double membrane vacuole in the adjacent cell. in epithelial cells, cytoskeletal tension is maintained by the actin-myosin ii networks. in this study, the role of myosin ii and its specific kinase, myosin light ... | 2014 | 24989342 |
| structural basis for lipopolysaccharide insertion in the bacterial outer membrane. | one of the fundamental properties of biological membranes is the asymmetric distribution of membrane lipids. in gram-negative bacteria, the outer leaflet of the outer membrane is composed predominantly of lipopolysaccharides (lps). the export of lps requires seven essential lipopolysaccharide transport (lpt) proteins to move lps from the inner membrane, through the periplasm to the surface. of the seven lpt proteins, the lptd-lpte complex is responsible for inserting lps into the external leafle ... | 2014 | 24990751 |
| widespread antibiotic resistance of diarrheagenic escherichia coli and shigella species. | antibiotic resistance of enteric pathogens particularly shigella species, is a critical world-wide problem and monitoring their resistant pattern is essential, because the choice of antibiotics is absolutely dependent on regional antibiotic susceptibility patterns. during summer 2013, an unusual increase in number of diarrheal diseases was noticed in isfahan, a central province of iran. therefore, the antibiotic resistance of diarrheagenic escherichia coli and shigella species isolated were eval ... | 2014 | 25002896 |
| transfer patterns of integron-associated and antibiotic resistance genes in s. flexneri during different time intervals in tianjin, china. | shigella is one of the common genera of pathogens responsible for bacterial diarrhoea in humans. according to world health organisation (who), 800,000-1,700,000 patients in china were infected with shigella spp. in 2000, and shigella flexneri is the most common serotype (86%). | 2014 | 25008817 |
| modulation of endotoxicity of shigella generalized modules for membrane antigens (gmma) by genetic lipid a modifications: relative activation of tlr4 and tlr2 pathways in different mutants. | outer membrane particles from gram-negative bacteria are attractive vaccine candidates as they present surface antigens in their natural context. we previously developed a high yield production process for genetically derived particles, called generalized modules for membrane antigens (gmma), from shigella. as gmma are derived from the outer membrane, they contain immunostimulatory components, especially lipopolysaccharide (lps). we examined ways of reducing their reactogenicity by modifying lip ... | 2014 | 25023285 |
| middle-down mass spectrometry enables characterization of branched ubiquitin chains. | protein ubiquitylation, one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications in eukaryotes, is involved in regulating nearly every cellular signaling pathway. the vast functional range of ubiquitylation has largely been attributed to the formation of a diverse array of polymeric ubiquitin (polyub) chains. methods that enable the characterization of these diverse chains are necessary to fully understand how differences in structure relate to function. here, we describe a method for the dete ... | 2014 | 25023374 |
| fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms of shigella flexneri isolated in bangladesh. | to investigate the prevalence and mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in shigella species isolated in bangladesh and to compare with similar strains isolated in china. | 2014 | 25028972 |
| draft genome sequence of a new shigella flexneri subserotype, 4s bj10610. | shigella flexneri is of great concern in the prevalence of shigellosis and resistance to many antibiotics in developing countries. here, we report the draft genome sequence of a new s. flexneri subserotype, 4s bj10610, isolated from the stool specimens of a patient in beijing, china. | 2014 | 25035336 |
| bid-dependent release of mitochondrial smac dampens xiap-mediated immunity against shigella. | the x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (xiap) is a potent caspase inhibitor, best known for its anti-apoptotic function in cancer. during apoptosis, xiap is antagonized by smac, which is released from the mitochondria upon caspase-mediated activation of bid. recent studies suggest that xiap is involved in immune signaling. here, we explore xiap as an important mediator of an immune response against the enteroinvasive bacterium shigella flexneri, both in vitro and in vivo. our data demonstra ... | 2014 | 25056906 |
| sumoylation controls host anti-bacterial response to the gut invasive pathogen shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri, the etiological agent of bacillary dysentery, invades the human colonic epithelium and causes its massive inflammatory destruction. little is known about the post-translational modifications implicated in regulating the host defense pathway against shigella. here, we show that sumo-2 impairs shigella invasion of epithelial cells in vitro. using mice haploinsufficient for the sumo e2 enzyme, we found that sumoylation regulates intestinal permeability and is required to restrict ... | 2014 | 25097252 |
| influence of oligomerization state on the structural properties of invasion plasmid antigen b from shigella flexneri in the presence and absence of phospholipid membranes. | shigella flexneri causes bacillary dysentery, an important cause of mortality among children in the developing world. shigella secretes effector proteins via its type iii secretion system (t3ss) to promote bacterial uptake into human colonic epithelial cells. the t3ss basal body spans the bacterial cell envelope anchoring a surface-exposed needle. a pentamer of invasion plasmid antigen d lies at the nascent needle tip and invasion plasmid antigen b (ipab) is recruited into the needle tip complex ... | 2014 | 25103195 |
| shigella: a highly virulent and elusive pathogen. | despite a significant decrease in shigella-related mortality, shigellosis continues to carry a significant burden of disease worldwide, particularly in asia and africa. shigella is a highly virulent pathogen comprised of four major species with numerous subtypes. shigella dysenteriae and shigella flexneri infections are predominant in resource-limited settings. clinical presentations range from mild watery diarrhea to severe dysentery with systemic complications such as electrolyte imbalance, se ... | 2014 | 25110633 |
| the immune response of two microbial antigens delivered intradermally, sublingually, or the combination thereof. | a key consideration to produce a successful vaccine is the choice of appropriate vaccination route. though most vaccines are administered parenterally, this route is not effective in producing a robust mucosal or cell-mediated response. intradermal and sublingual vaccinations have been explored recently as potential needle-free immunization strategies. we explored intradermal and sublingual routes as well as the combination of the two routes in eliciting both systemic and mucosal immune response ... | 2014 | 25111827 |
| serotype-converting bacteriophage sfii encodes an acyltransferase protein that mediates 6-o-acetylation of glcnac in shigella flexneri o-antigens, conferring on the host a novel o-antigen epitope. | shigella flexneri o-antigen is an important and highly variable cell component presented on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane. most shigella flexneri bacteria share an o-antigen backbone composed of →2)-α-l-rhap(iii)-(1→2)-α-l-rhap(ii)-(1→3)-α-l-rhap(i)-(1→3)-β-d-glcpnac-(1→ repeats, which can be modified by adding various chemical groups to different sugars, giving rise to diverse o-antigen structures and, correspondingly, to various serotypes. the known modifications include glucosylatio ... | 2014 | 25112477 |
| the serine/threonine kinase stk11 promotes shigella flexneri dissemination through establishment of cell-cell contacts competent for tyrosine kinase signaling. | shigella flexneri is an intracellular pathogen that disseminates in the intestinal epithelium by displaying actin-based motility. we found that although s. flexneri displayed comparable actin-based motilities in the cytosols of hela229 and ht-29 epithelial cell lines, the overall dissemination process was much more efficient in ht-29 cells. time-lapse microscopy demonstrated that as motile bacteria reached the cell cortex in ht-29 cells, they formed membrane protrusions that resolved into vacuol ... | 2014 | 25114112 |
| multidrug resistant shigella flexneri : a rare case of septicemia in an infant. | shigellosis is still an important public health problem in developing and under-developed countries. it may lead to rare but potentially fatal various extra intestinal complications like septicemia, involvement of cns, urinary tract and liver especially in young malnourished children. the disease is difficult to prevent as only few bacteria are required for causing infection and there is increasing infection with multi drug resistant strains. a 6-month-old infant developed septicemia caused by m ... | 2014 | 25120984 |
| systematic analysis of bacterial effector-postsynaptic density 95/disc large/zonula occludens-1 (pdz) domain interactions demonstrates shigella ospe protein promotes protein kinase c activation via pdlim proteins. | diseases caused by many gram-negative bacterial pathogens depend on the activities of bacterial effector proteins that are delivered into eukaryotic cells via specialized secretion systems. effector protein function largely depends on specific subcellular targeting and specific interactions with cellular ligands. pdz domains are common domains that serve to provide specificity in protein-protein interactions in eukaryotic systems. we show that putative pdz-binding motifs are significantly enrich ... | 2014 | 25124035 |
| quantification of polyphenols and evaluation of antimicrobial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous and acetone-water extracts of libidibia ferrea, parapiptadenia rigida and psidium guajava. | vast numbers of plant species from northeastern brazil have not yet been phytochemically or biologically evaluated. | 2014 | 25124277 |
| enhanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. | silver nanoparticles (agnps) have been used as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammtory, and antiangiogenic due to its unique properties such as physical, chemical, and biological properties. the present study was aimed to investigate antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with conventional antibiotics against various human pathogenic bacteria. here, we show that a simple, reliable, cost effective and green method for the synthesi ... | 2014 | 25136281 |
| linear synthesis of the branched pentasaccharide repeats of o-antigens from shigella flexneri 1a and 1b demonstrating the major steric hindrance associated with type-specific glucosylation. | shigella flexneri serotypes 1b and 1a are gram-negative enteroinvasive bacteria causing shigellosis in humans. the o-antigen from s. flexneri 1b is a { → 2)-[3ac/4ac]-α-l-rhap-(1 → 2)-α-l-rhap-(1 → 3)-[2ac]-α-l-rhap-(1 → 3)-[α-d-glcp-(1 → 4)]-β-d-glcpnac-(1 → }n branched polysaccharide ({(ac)ab(ac)c(e)d}n). it is identical to that from s. flexneri 1a, except for the 2c-acetate. a concise synthesis of the disaccharide ed, trisaccharides (ac)c(e)d and c(e)d, tetrasaccharides b(ac)c(e)d and bc(e)d, ... | 2014 | 25141906 |
| proteomes of pathogenic escherichia coli/shigella group surveyed in their host environments. | proteomic studies on shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and uropathogenic e. coli (upec) are reviewed. upec causes infections in the urogenital tract, whereas the other species colonize and, to varying degrees, invade the intestinal tract. type iii secretion systems used to breach the mucosal barrier by the intestinal pathogens revealed distinct expression patterns in different host environments. dynamic adaptations to changes in nutrient availability and ... | 2014 | 25163594 |
| serotype-conversion in shigella flexneri: identification of a novel bacteriophage, sf101, from a serotype 7a strain. | shigella flexneri is the major cause of bacillary dysentery in the developing countries. the lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-antigen of s. flexneri plays an important role in its pathogenesis and also divides s. flexneri into 19 serotypes. all the serotypes with an exception for serotype 6 share a common o-antigen backbone comprising of n-acetylglucosamine and three rhamnose residues. different serotypes result from modification of the basic backbone conferred by phage-encoded glucosyltransferase and ... | 2014 | 25174528 |
| effect of sodium chloride on the survival of shigella flexneri in acidified laboratory media and cucumber puree. | this study investigated the effects of sodium chloride (nacl) and various acids, alone or in combination, on shigella flexneri growth in laboratory medium and cucumber puree. | 2014 | 25178712 |
| shigella flexneri infection in caenorhabditis elegans: cytopathological examination and identification of host responses. | the gram-negative bacterium shigella flexneri is the causative agent of shigellosis, a diarrhoeal disease also known as bacillary dysentery. s. flexneri infects the colonic and rectal epithelia of its primate host and induces a cascade of inflammatory responses that culminates in the destruction of the host intestinal lining. molecular characterization of host-pathogen interactions in this infection has been challenging due to the host specificity of s. flexneri strains, as it strictly infects h ... | 2014 | 25187942 |
| detection of salmonella spp. by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method targeting bcfd gene. | in this study, we developed and validated a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for salmonella detection targeting bcfd gene, a conserved fimbrial operon gene existing in salmonella. the salmonella lamp assay we developed successfully amplified 44 salmonella strains (14 standard strains and 30 clinical isolates), but none of 9 non-salmonella standard strains (proteus mirabilis, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, shigella flexneri, shigella sonnei, k ... | 2014 | 25199410 |
| detection and analysis of crisprs of shigella. | the recently discovered crisprs (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and cas (crispr-associated) proteins are a novel genetic barrier that limits horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes and the crispr loci provide a historical view of the exposure of prokaryotes to a variety of foreign genetic elements. the aim of study was to investigate the occurrence and distribution of the crisprs in shigella. a collection of 61 strains of shigella were screened for the existence of cr ... | 2015 | 25199561 |
| evaluation of the ability of four esbl-screening media to detect esbl-producing salmonella and shigella. | the aim of this study was to compare the ability of four commercially available media for screening extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) to detect and identify esbl-producing salmonella and shigella in fecal samples. a total of 71 salmonella- and 21 shigella-isolates producing esbl(a) and/or ampc, were received at norwegian institute of public health between 2005 and 2012. the 92 isolates were mixed with fecal specimens and tested on four esbl screening media; chromid esbl (biomèrieux), brill ... | 2014 | 25204319 |
| an optofluidic imaging system to measure the biophysical signature of single waterborne bacteria. | in this paper, for the first time, an on-chip optofluidic imaging system is innovated to measure the biophysical signatures of single waterborne bacteria, including both their refractive indices and morphologies (size and shape), based on immersion refractometry. the key features of the proposed optofluidic imaging platform include (1) multiple sites for single-bacterium trapping, which enable parallel measurements to achieve higher throughput, and (2) a chaotic micromixer, which enables efficie ... | 2014 | 25205636 |
| shigella flexneri targets the hp1γ subcode through the phosphothreonine lyase ospf. | hp1 proteins are transcriptional regulators that, like histones, are targets for post-translational modifications defining an hp1-mediated subcode. hp1γ has multiple phosphorylation sites, including serine 83 (s83) that marks it to sites of active transcription. in a guinea pig model for shigella enterocolitis, we observed that the defective type iii secretion mxid shigella flexneri strain caused more hp1γ phosphorylation in the colon than the wild-type strain. shigella interferes with hp1 phosp ... | 2014 | 25216677 |
| use of shigella flexneri to study autophagy-cytoskeleton interactions. | shigella flexneri is an intracellular pathogen that can escape from phagosomes to reach the cytosol, and polymerize the host actin cytoskeleton to promote its motility and dissemination. new work has shown that proteins involved in actin-based motility are also linked to autophagy, an intracellular degradation process crucial for cell autonomous immunity. strikingly, host cells may prevent actin-based motility of s. flexneri by compartmentalizing bacteria inside 'septin cages' and targeting them ... | 2014 | 25226510 |
| [shigella flexneri bacteremia, one adult case and review of the literature]. | 2014 | 25229381 | |
| profile of volatile components of hydrodistilled and extracted leaves of jacaranda acutifolia and their antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens. | volatile constituents of the essential oil and n-hexane extract of jacaranda acutifolia humb. and bonpl. (bignoniaceae) leaves were determined, and their antimicrobial activities were investigated using an agar diffusion method. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) were determined and compared with those of standard antibiotics (penicillin, gentamicin and nystatin). the chemical composition of the oils was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (glc-fid) and gas chromatography-mass spec ... | 2014 | 25230515 |
| isolation and development of bioluminescent reporter phages for bacterial dysentery. | shigellosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, most notably amongst children. moreover, there is a global increase in the occurrence of multidrug-resistant isolates, including the epidemic and pandemic shigella dysenteriae type 1 strain. we developed a bioluminescent reporter phage assay to facilitate detection and simultaneously determine antibiotic susceptibility. a shigella flexneri phage (shfl25875) was isolated from environmental wastewater and characterized by dna ... | 2015 | 25252629 |
| molecular characterization of serologically atypical provisional serovars of shigella isolates from kolkata, india. | during 2000-2004, 13 shigella strains that were untypable by commercially available antisera were isolated from children <5 years of age with acute diarrhoea in kolkata. these strains were subsequently identified as shigella dysenteriae provisional serovar 204/96 (n = 3), shigella dysenteriae provisional serovar e23507 (n = 1), shigella dysenteriae provisional serovar i9809-73 (n = 1), shigella dysenteriae provisional serovar 93-119 (n = 1), shigella flexneri provisional serovar 88-893 (n = 6) a ... | 2014 | 25261061 |
| high-resolution structure of the shigella type-iii secretion needle by solid-state nmr and cryo-electron microscopy. | we introduce a general hybrid approach for determining the structures of supramolecular assemblies. cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-em) data define the overall envelope of the assembly and rigid-body orientation of the subunits while solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssnmr) chemical shifts and distance constraints define the local secondary structure, protein fold and inter-subunit interactions. finally, rosetta structure calculations provide a general framework to integrate the different s ... | 2014 | 25264107 |
| clinical isolates of shiga toxin 1a-producing shigella flexneri with an epidemiological link to recent travel to hispañiola. | shiga toxins (stx) are cytotoxins involved in severe human intestinal disease. these toxins are commonly found in shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and shiga-toxin-producing escherichia coli; however, the toxin genes have been found in other shigella species. we identified 26 shigella flexneri serotype 2 strains isolated by public health laboratories in the united states during 2001-2013, which encode the shiga toxin 1a gene (stx1a). these strains produced and released stx1a as measured by cytotox ... | 2014 | 25271406 |
| synthesis, structural characterization, and evaluation of the biological properties of heteroleptic palladium(ii) complexes. | five heteroleptic palladium(ii) complexes of the general formula pd(pr3)(tu)cl2, where pr3 = triphenylphosphine (1), diphenyl-o-tolylphosphine (2), diphenyl-p-tolylphosphine (3), diphenyl-t-butylphosphine (4), and diphenyl-o-methoxyphenylphosphine (5), and tu = 1,3-bis(2-methoxyphenyl) thiourea. they all have been synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques (elemental analysis, ftir, and (1)h nmr and the ligand 1,3-bis(2-methoxyphenyl) thiourea was synthesized by single cry ... | 2014 | 25276113 |
| outer membrane protein a (ompa) of shigella flexneri 2a induces tlr2-mediated activation of b cells: involvement of protein tyrosine kinase, erk and nf-κb. | b cells are critically important in combating bacterial infections and their differentiation into plasma cells and memory cells aids bacterial clearance and long-lasting immunity conferred by essentially all vaccines. outer membrane protein a (ompa) of shigella flexneri 2a has been demonstrated to induce the production of igg and iga in vivo following immunization of mice through intranasal route, but the direct involvement of b cells in ompa-mediated immune regulation was not determined. conseq ... | 2014 | 25286253 |
| transcriptional adaptation of shigella flexneri during adherence to epithelial cells. | shigella adhesion to host cells is a transitional stage from an extracellular to an intracellular environment. however, the dynamic adaptations of shigella during adhesion are poorly understood. to address this, we performed the first transcriptome analysis of shigella flexneri 2457t during adhesion. a total of 1,757 genes were differentially regulated (>twofold). the majority of plasmid-borne ipa-mxi-spa locus genes were downregulated, indicating these virulence genes were strictly regulated af ... | 2015 | 25291620 |
| mutational analysis of the shigella flexneri o-antigen polymerase wzy: identification of wzz-dependent wzy mutants. | the o-antigen (oag) component of lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a major virulence determinant of shigella flexneri and is synthesized by the o-antigen polymerase, wzysf. oag chain length is regulated by chromosomally encoded wzzsf and phs-2 plasmid-encoded wzzphs2. to identify functionally important amino acid residues in wzysf, random mutagenesis was performed on the wzysf gene in a pwaldo-tev-gfp plasmid, followed by screening with colicin e2. analysis of the lps conferred by mutated wzysf protei ... | 2014 | 25313393 |
| genetic and structural identification of an o-acyltransferase gene (oacc) responsible for the 3/4-o-acetylation on rhamnose iii in shigella flexneri serotype 6. | o-antigen (o-polysaccharide) of the lipopolysaccharide is a highly variable cell component of the outer membrane in shigella flexneri. it defines the serospecificity and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of shigellosis. there are two distinct o-antigen forms for the 19 serotypes of s. flexneri: one for serotypes 1-5, x, y, 7 (and their subtypes), and the other for serotype 6. although having different basal o-polysaccharide structures, the two forms share a common disaccharide fragment ... | 2014 | 25327486 |
| convergent evolution in the assembly of polyubiquitin degradation signals by the shigella flexneri ipah9.8 ligase. | the human pathogen shigella flexneri subverts host function and defenses by deploying a cohort of effector proteins via a type iii secretion system. the ipah family of 10 such effectors mimics ubiquitin ligases but bears no sequence or structural homology to their eukaryotic counterpoints. using rates of (125)i-polyubiquitin chain formation as a functional read out, ipah9.8 displays v-type positive cooperativity with respect to varying concentrations of its ubc5b∼(125)i-ubiquitin thioester co-su ... | 2014 | 25342744 |
| genome assembly of shigella flexneri atcc 12022, a quality control reference strain. | shigella flexneri causes shigellosis, severe and potentially life-threatening diarrhea, and accounts for 18% of shigellosis cases in the united states. here, we present the 4.51-mbp genome assembly of s. flexneri atcc 12022, a quality control and reference strain, in 10 scaffolds. | 2014 | 25359907 |
| a shigella flexneri virulence plasmid encoded factor controls production of outer membrane vesicles. | shigella spp. use a repertoire of virulence plasmid-encoded factors to cause shigellosis. these include components of a type iii secretion apparatus (t3sa) that is required for invasion of epithelial cells and many genes of unknown function. we constructed an array of 99 deletion mutants comprising all genes encoded by the virulence plasmid (excluding those known to be required for plasmid maintenance) of shigella flexneri. we screened these mutants for their ability to bind the dye congo red: a ... | 2014 | 25378474 |
| analysis on the interaction domain of virg and apyrase by pull-down assay. | virg is outer membrane protein of shigella and affects the spread of shigella. recently it has been reported that apyrase influences the location of virg, although the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. the site of interaction between apyrase and virg is the focus of our research. first we constructed recombinant plasmid phis-phon2 and ps-(v1-1102, v53-758, v759-1102, v53-319, v320-507, v507-758) by denaturation-renaturation, the phon2:kan mutant of shigella flexneri 5a m90t by a mo ... | 2014 | 25379645 |
| time-resolved assembly of a nucleoprotein complex between shigella flexneri virf promoter and its transcriptional repressor h-ns. | the virf gene of shigella, responsible for triggering the virulence cascade in this pathogenic bacterium, is transcriptionally repressed by the nucleoid-associated protein h-ns. the primary binding sites of h-ns within the promoter region of virf have been detected here by footprinting experiments in the presence of h-ns or its monomeric dna-binding domain (h-nsctd), which displays the same specificity as intact h-ns. of the 14 short dna fragments identified, 10 overlap sequences similar to the ... | 2014 | 25389261 |
| update on molecular epidemiology of shigella infection. | shigella spp. are important etiologic agents of diarrhea worldwide. this review summarizes the recent findings on the epidemiology, diagnosis, virulence genes, and pathobiology of shigella infection. | 2015 | 25394237 |
| the shigella flexneri type 3 secretion system is required for tyrosine kinase-dependent protrusion resolution, and vacuole escape during bacterial dissemination. | shigella flexneri is a human pathogen that triggers its own entry into intestinal cells and escapes primary vacuoles to gain access to the cytosolic compartment. as cytosolic and motile bacteria encounter the cell cortex, they spread from cell to cell through formation of membrane protrusions that resolve into secondary vacuoles in adjacent cells. here, we examined the roles of the type 3 secretion system (t3ss) in s. flexneri dissemination in ht-29 intestinal cells infected with the serotype 2a ... | 2014 | 25405985 |
| the shigella flexneri ospb effector: an early immunomodulator. | through the action of the type three secretion system (t3ss) shigella flexneri delivers several effectors into host cells to promote cellular invasion, multiplication and to exploit host-cell signaling pathways to modulate the host innate immune response. although much progress has been made in the understanding of many type iii effectors, the molecular and cellular mechanism of the ospb effector is still poorly characterized. in this study we present new evidence that better elucidates the role ... | 2015 | 25434600 |
| the extant world war 1 dysentery bacillus nctc1: a genomic analysis. | shigellosis (previously bacillary dysentery) was the primary diarrhoeal disease of world war 1, but outbreaks still occur in military operations, and shigellosis causes hundreds of thousands of deaths per year in developing nations. we aimed to generate a high-quality reference genome of the historical shigella flexneri isolate nctc1 and to examine the isolate for resistance to antimicrobials. | 2014 | 25441199 |
| comparative proteomic analysis of outer membrane vesicles from shigella flexneri under different culture conditions. | the production of outer membrane vesicles (omvs) is a common and regulated process of gram-negative bacteria. nonetheless, the processes of shigella flexneri omv production still remain unclear. s. flexneri is the causative agent of endemic shigellosis in developing countries. the congo red binding of strains is associated with increased infectivity of s. flexneri. therefore, understanding the modulation pattern of omv protein expression induced by congo red will help to elucidate the bacterial ... | 2014 | 25445584 |
| structural characterization of a flexible two-domain protein in solution using small angle x-ray scattering and nmr data. | multidomain proteins in which individual domains are connected by linkers often possess inherent interdomain flexibility that significantly complicates their structural characterization in solution using either nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy or small-angle x-ray scattering (saxs) alone. here, we report a protocol for joint refinement of flexible multidomain protein structures against nmr distance and angular restraints, residual dipolar couplings, and saxs data. the protocol is ba ... | 2014 | 25456817 |
| outbreak of locally acquired azithromycin-resistant shigella flexneri infection in men who have sex with men. | 2015 | 25474524 | |
| hpv16l1-attenuated shigella recombinant vaccine induced strong vaginal and systemic immune responses in guinea pig model. | though human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccines based on l1 virus-like particles (vlps) have excellent protective effect against hpv-induced cervical cancer, they are too expensive to be afforded by the developing countries, where most cases of cervical cancer occur. a live bacterial-based vaccine could be an inexpensive alternative. the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential value of live attenuated shigella. flexneri 2a sc602 strain-based hpv16l1 as a high-efficiency, low-cost hpv16l1 muco ... | 2014 | 25483698 |
| molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant shigella spp. of food origin. | shigella spp. are the causative agents of food-borne shigellosis, an acute enteric infection. the emergence of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of shigella presents an increasing challenge for clinicians in the treatment of shigellosis. several studies worldwide have characterized the molecular basis of antibiotic resistance in clinical shigella isolates of human origin, however, to date, no such characterization has been reported for shigella spp. of food origin. in this study, we characte ... | 2015 | 25485847 |
| characterization and bioactivities of an exopolysaccharide produced by lactobacillus plantarum yw32. | the exopolysaccharide (eps) produced by lactobacillus plantarum yw32 was purified and characterized, and the in vitro bioactivities of the purified eps were also evaluated. the eps had a molecular weight of 1.03×10(5) da, and it consisted of mannose, fructose, galactose and glucose in an approximate molar ratio of 8.2:1:4.1:4.2. microstructural studies of the eps demonstrated a web-like structure composed of compact ropes, and presence of many homogeneous rod-shaped lumps. the eps also showed hi ... | 2015 | 25532782 |
| short communication: in vitro assessment of antioxidant, antibacterial and phytochemical analysis of peel of citrus sinensis. | antibacterial effect of citrus sinensis peel extracts was evaluated against several pathogenic bacteria associated with human and fish infections viz., escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumonia, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, staphylococcus epidermidis, serratia marcesnces, shigella flexneri, enterobacter amnigenus, salmonella typhimurium and serratia odorifera. methanol, ethanol, chloroform and diethyl ether solvents were used for extraction. in vitro antiba ... | 2015 | 25553700 |
| comparison of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in shigella between europe-america and asia-africa from 1998 to 2012. | we conducted a systematic review to compare resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (tgcs) in shigella strains between europe-america and asia-africa from 1998 to 2012 based on a literature search of computerized databases. in asia-africa, the prevalence of resistance of total and different subtypes to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and ceftazidime increased markedly, with a total prevalence of resistance up to 14·2% [95% confidence interval (ci) 3·9-29·4], 22·6% (95% ci 4·8-48·6) and 6·2% (95% c ... | 2015 | 25553947 |
| [preparation and identification of the polyclonal antibody against heat shock protein 70 (dnak) from shigella flexneri 5a m90t]. | to generate polyclonal antibodies against shigella flexneri 5a m90t heat shock protein 70 (dnak) and identify the specificity and titer of antibodies. | 2015 | 25575068 |
| the serine protease pic from enteroaggregative escherichia coli mediates immune evasion by the direct cleavage of complement proteins. | enteroaggregative and uropathogenic escherichia coli, shigella flexneri 2a, and the hybrid enteroaggregative/shiga toxin-producing e. coli strain (o104:h4) are important pathogens responsible for intestinal and urinary tract infections, as well as sepsis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. they have in common the production of a serine protease called pic. several biological roles for pic have been described, including protection of e. coli dh5α from complement-mediated killing. hereby we showed that ... | 2015 | 25583166 |
| visualization of the type iii secretion sorting platform of shigella flexneri. | bacterial type iii secretion machines are widely used to inject virulence proteins into eukaryotic host cells. these secretion machines are evolutionarily related to bacterial flagella and consist of a large cytoplasmic complex, a transmembrane basal body, and an extracellular needle. the cytoplasmic complex forms a sorting platform essential for effector selection and needle assembly, but it remains largely uncharacterized. here we use high-throughput cryoelectron tomography (cryo-et) to visual ... | 2015 | 25583506 |
| distribution and antimicrobial resistance of enteric pathogens in chinese paediatric diarrhoea: a multicentre retrospective study, 2008-2013. | the enteric pathogens causing diarrhoea impair children's health severely. this study retrospectively analysed 1577 pathogens isolated from inpatients and outpatients in six hospitals located in northern (inner mongolia), northeastern (hebei), eastern (shanghai and jiangsu), southern (hainan) and central (hubei) china between 2008 and 2013. of the 1577 enteric pathogens, salmonella presented with the highest frequency (36·0%), followed by diarrhoeagenic escherichia coli (23·7%), staphylococcus a ... | 2015 | 25586929 |
| tom1 is a pi5p effector involved in the regulation of endosomal maturation. | phosphoinositides represent a major class of lipids specifically involved in the organization of signaling cascades, maintenance of the identity of organelles and regulation of multiple intracellular trafficking steps. we previously reported that phosphatidylinositol 5-monophosphate (pi5p), produced by the shigella flexneri phosphatase ipgd, is implicated in the endosomal sorting of the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr). here, we show that the adaptor protein tom1 is a new direct binding p ... | 2015 | 25588840 |
| notes from the field: outbreak of diarrheal illness caused by shigella flexneri - american samoa, may-june 2014. | on may 9, 2014, a physician at hospital a in american samoa noticed an abnormally high number of children presenting to the emergency department with bloody diarrhea. based on preliminary testing of stool specimens, entamoeba histolytica infection was suspected as a possible cause. shigella was also suspected in a subset of samples. on may 22, the american samoa department of health requested assistance from cdc with the outbreak investigation. the goals of the investigation were to establish th ... | 2015 | 25590684 |
| in vivo production of a novel glycoconjugate vaccine against shigella flexneri 2a in recombinant escherichia coli: identification of stimulating factors for in vivo glycosylation. | glycoconjugated vaccines composed of polysaccharide antigens covalently linked to immunogenic carrier proteins have proved to belong to the most effective and safest vaccines for combating bacterial pathogens. the functional transfer of the n-glycosylation machinery from campylobacter jejuni to the standard prokaryotic host escherichia coli established a novel bioconjugation methodology termed bacterial glycoengineering. | 2015 | 25612741 |
| overexpression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of sf173 from shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri is a gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium in the genus shigella that can cause diarrhoea in humans. sf173, a hypothetical protein from s. flexneri 5a strain m90t, has been cloned, overexpressed, purified and crystallized as a part of laboratory-scale structural genomics project. the sf173 protein was crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method in the presence of 0.8 m succinic acid ph 7.0 at 293 k. preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the crystal d ... | 2015 | 25615969 |
| genetic characterization of shigella flexneri isolates in guizhou province, china. | shigella flexneri is one of the major etiologic causes of shigellosis in guizhou province, china. however, the genetic characteristics of circulating isolates are unknown. phenotypic and molecular profiles of 60 s. flexneri isolates recovered in guizhou between 1972 to 1982 and 2008 to 2010 were determined. nine serotypes (1a, 2a, 3a, 1b, 2b, x, y, 4av and yv) were identified. multi-locus sequence typing differentiated the isolates into 20 sequence types (sts); 18 were novel. four sts, st 129, s ... | 2015 | 25617838 |
| specific 13c labeling of leucine, valine and isoleucine methyl groups for unambiguous detection of long-range restraints in protein solid-state nmr studies. | here we present an isotopic labeling strategy to easily obtain unambiguous long-range distance restraints in protein solid-state nmr studies. the method is based on the inclusion of two biosynthetic precursors in the bacterial growth medium, α-ketoisovalerate and α-ketobutyrate, leading to the production of leucine, valine and isoleucine residues that are exclusively (13)c labeled on methyl groups. the resulting spectral simplification facilitates the collection of distance restraints, the verif ... | 2015 | 25625825 |
| mutational analysis of the major periplasmic loops of shigella flexneri wzy: identification of the residues affecting o antigen modal chain length control, and wzz-dependent polymerization activity. | the o antigen (oag) component of lps is a major shigella flexneri virulence determinant. oag is polymerized by wzysf, and its modal chain length is determined by wzzsf and wzzphs2. site-directed mutagenesis was performed on wzysf in pwaldo-wzysf-tev-gfp to alter arg residues in wzysf's two large periplasmic loops (pls) (pl3 and pl5). analysis of the lps profiles conferred by mutated wzysf proteins in the wzysf deficient (δwzy) strain identified residues that affect wzysf activity. the importance ... | 2015 | 25627441 |
| the n terminus of type iii secretion needle protein yscf from yersinia pestis functions to modulate innate immune responses. | the type iii secretion system is employed by many pathogens, including the genera yersinia, shigella, pseudomonas, and salmonella, to deliver effector proteins into eukaryotic cells. the injectisome needle is formed by the polymerization of a single protein, e.g., yscf (yersinia pestis), pscf (pseudomonas aeruginosa), prgi (salmonella enterica spi-1), ssag (salmonella enterica spi-2), or mxih (shigella flexneri). in this study, we demonstrated that the n termini of some needle proteins, particul ... | 2015 | 25644012 |
| a large outbreak of shigellosis commencing in an internally displaced population, papua new guinea, 2013. | the objective of this study was to investigate a large outbreak of shigellosis in papua new guinea that began in a camp for internally displaced persons before spreading throughout the general community. | 2014 | 25648967 |
| shigella outer membrane protein pssp-1 is broadly protective against shigella infection. | in developing countries, shigella is a primary cause of diarrhea in infants and young children. although antibiotic therapy is an effective treatment for shigellosis, therapeutic options are narrowing due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. thus, preventive vaccination could become the most efficacious approach for controlling shigellosis. we have identified several conserved protein antigens that are shared by multiple shigella serotypes and species. among these, one antigen induced cros ... | 2015 | 25651919 |
| shigella flexneri serotype 1 infections in men who have sex with men in vancouver, canada. | outbreaks of shigellosis have been documented in men who have sex with men (msm), associated with interpersonal transmission and underlying hiv infection. we observed a rise in shigella flexneri isolates identified in a downtown tertiary-care hospital laboratory located within the city centre community health area (cha-1) of vancouver, canada. the objectives of this study were to evaluate clinical outcomes of shigellosis cases among msm admitted to hospital and to evaluate trends in shigella cas ... | 2015 | 25656740 |
| shift in serotype distribution of shigella species in china, 2003-2013. | we identified 2912 shigella isolates from diarrhoeal patients in china during 2003-2013. the most common species was shigella flexneri (55.3%), followed by shigella sonnei (44.1%); however, s. sonnei is becoming increasingly prevalent. among the s. flexneri isolates, serotypes 2a and x variant (-:7,8, e1037) were the two most prevalent serotypes, and serologically atypical isolates were also commonly identified. overall, s. sonnei, s. flexneri 2a and s. flexneri x variant (-:7,8, e1037) accounte ... | 2015 | 25658535 |
| the class ii phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase pik3c2a promotes shigella flexneri dissemination through formation of vacuole-like protrusions. | intracellular pathogens such as shigella flexneri and listeria monocytogenes achieve dissemination in the intestinal epithelium by displaying actin-based motility in the cytosol of infected cells. as they reach the cell periphery, motile bacteria form plasma membrane protrusions that resolve into vacuoles in adjacent cells, through a poorly understood mechanism. here, we report on the role of the class ii phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase pik3c2a in s. flexneri dissemination. time-lapse mi ... | 2015 | 25667265 |
| first two domains at the lp_1643 protein n terminus inhibit pathogen adhesion to porcine mucus in vitro. | gastrointestinal probiotics are important members of intestinal microflora in both healthy animals and human beings, and these bacteria may reduce the risk of infection caused by certain opportunistic pathogens through exclusive inhibition, competition, and displacement. the lp_1643 protein on the cell surface of lactobacillus plantarum wcfsi was assumed to possess a mucus-binding capability. this study aimed to determine if purified his-n2 protein exclusively inhibits pathogen adhesion to porci ... | 2015 | 25710153 |
| design, synthesis and in vitro bactericidal/fungicidal screening of some vanadyl(iv)complexes with mono- and di-substituted ons donor triazoles. | a new series of anti-bacterial and anti-fungal mono- and di-substituted triazoles (l(1))-(l(6)) have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of their physical, spectral and analytical data. the ligands (l(1))-(l(6)) on reaction with vanadyl(iv) sulphate led to the formation of vanadyl(iv) metal complexes (1)-(4). the structure of the complexes has been established on the basis of their physical, spectral and elemental analyses data. the synthesized ligands and their vanadyl(iv) complexes ... | 2015 | 25716124 |
| stress tolerant virulent strains of cronobacter sakazakii from food. | cronobacter sakazakii is considered as an emerging foodborne pathogen. the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize virulent strains of cronobacter sakazakii from food samples of bangladesh. | 2014 | 25723712 |
| aa479 antiserum: new reagent for the serotype characterization of atypical variants of shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri is divided into 13 serotypes based on the combination of antigenic determinants present in the o-antigen. a new o-antigen modification with phosphoethanolamine has been identified. the presence of this antigenic determinant (called e1037) is recognized by monoclonal antibody masf iv-1. given the increasing incidence of these new variants and the difficulty in supplying the monoclonal antibody to our country, we produced a polyclonal antiserum (aa479) through immunization with a ... | 2015 | 25735215 |
| crystal structure of lpth, the periplasmic component of the lipopolysaccharide transport machinery from pseudomonas aeruginosa. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) is the main glycolipid present in the outer leaflet of the outer membrane (om) of gram-negative bacteria, where it modulates om permeability, therefore preventing many toxic compounds from entering the cell. lps biogenesis is an essential process in gram-negative bacteria and thus is an ideal target pathway for the development of novel specific antimicrobials. the lipopolysaccharide transport (lpt) system is responsible for transporting lps from the periplasmic surface o ... | 2015 | 25735820 |
| shigella flexneri regulation of arf6 activation during bacterial entry via an ipgd-mediated positive feedback loop. | entry into cells is critical for virulence of the human bacterial pathogens shigella spp. shigella spp. induce membrane ruffle formation and macropinocytic uptake, but the events instigating this process are incompletely understood. the host small gtpase adp-ribosylation factor 6 (arf6) functions in membrane trafficking at the plasma membrane and activates membrane ruffle formation. we demonstrate that arf6 is required for efficient shigella flexneri entry, is activated by s. flexneri dependent ... | 2015 | 25736891 |
| formate hydrogen lyase mediates stationary-phase deacidification and increases survival during sugar fermentation in acetoin-producing enterobacteria. | two fermentation types exist in the enterobacteriaceae family. mixed-acid fermenters produce substantial amounts of lactate, formate, acetate, and succinate, resulting in lethal medium acidification. on the other hand, 2,3-butanediol fermenters switch to the production of the neutral compounds acetoin and 2,3-butanediol and even deacidify the environment after an initial acidification phase, thereby avoiding cell death. we equipped three mixed-acid fermenters (salmonella typhimurium, s. enteriti ... | 2015 | 25762991 |
| myristoylome profiling reveals a concerted mechanism of arf gtpase deacylation by the bacterial protease ipaj. | n-myristoylation is an essential fatty acid modification that governs the localization and activity of cell signaling enzymes, architectural proteins, and immune regulatory factors. despite its importance in health and disease, there are currently no methods for reversing protein myristoylation in vivo. recently, the shigella flexneri protease ipaj was found to cleave myristoylated glycine of eukaryotic proteins, yet the discriminatory mechanisms of substrate selection required for targeted demy ... | 2015 | 25773595 |
| shigella flexneri: a three-year antimicrobial resistance monitoring of isolates in a children hospital, ahvaz, iran. | shigellosis is an acute gastroenteritis that is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children with diarrhea in developing countries. the purpose of this study was to describe the distribution of shigella serogroups and serotypes and their antibacterial drug resistance profiles. | 2014 | 25802704 |
| key residues of s. flexneri ompa mediate infection by bacteriophage sf6. | many viruses, including bacteriophage, have the inherent ability to utilize several types of proteinaceous receptors as an attachment mechanism to infect cells, yet the molecular mechanisms that drive receptor binding have not been elucidated. using bacteriophage sf6 and its host, shigella flexneri, we investigated how sf6 utilizes outer membrane protein a (ompa) for infection. specifically, we identified that surface loops of ompa mediate shigella infection. we further characterized which resid ... | 2015 | 25816773 |
| myosin-x and disease. | myosin-x (myo10) is a motor protein best known for its role in filopodia formation. new research implicates myo10 in a number of disease states including cancer metastasis and pathogen infection. this review focuses on these developments with emphasis on the emerging roles of myo10 in formation of cancer cell protrusions and metastasis. a number of aggressive cancers show high levels of myo10 expression and knockdown of myo10 has been shown to dramatically limit cancer cell motility in 2d and 3d ... | 2015 | 25819274 |