Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| streptococcus pneumoniae enhances human respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro and in vivo. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and streptococcus pneumoniae are important causative agents of respiratory tract infections. both pathogens are associated with seasonal disease outbreaks in the pediatric population, and can often be detected simultaneously in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis or pneumonia. it has been described that respiratory virus infections may predispose for bacterial superinfections, resulting in severe disease. however, studies on the influence of bacterial ... | 2015 | 25970287 |
| what we have learned from the influenza a ph1n1 2009/10 pandemic: high clinical impact of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized pediatric patients. | the influenza pandemic in 2009/2010 shifted public awareness to respiratory tract infections caused by the influenza virus. a prospective study was conducted during the influenza pandemic from november 2009 through april 2010 to determine the causative pathogens and clinical symptoms present in all children and adolescents admitted to the university children's hospital, duesseldorf, germany, with signs and symptoms of respiratory tract infection. a total of 272 children and adolescents were admi ... | 2016 | 25971322 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection upregulates nlrc5 and major histocompatibility complex class i expression through rig-i induction in airway epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of acute respiratory tract viral infection in infants, causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia. the host antiviral response to rsv acts via retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i). we show here that rsv infection upregulates major histocompatibility complex class i (mhc-i) expression through the induction of nlrc5, a nod-like, card domain-containing intracellular protein that has recently been identified as a class i mhc transactivator (cita). rs ... | 2015 | 25972545 |
| association of respiratory viruses with outcomes of severe childhood pneumonia in botswana. | the highest incidence of childhood acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri) is in low- and middle-income countries. few studies examined whether detection of respiratory viruses predicts alri outcomes in these settings. | 2015 | 25973924 |
| etiological role of ortho- and paramyxoviruses in acute respiratory tract infections among children aged < 4 years in bulgaria. | influenza viruses (family orthomyxoviridae); respiratory-syncytial virus (rsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), and parainfluenza viruses (hpiv) type 1, 2 and 3 (family paramyxoviridae) are among the most common causes of acute respiratory tract infections (arti) in infants and young children. the aim of this study was to determine the contribution of these viruses in cases of arti requiring medical attention among children aged < 4 years during the 2012/13 and 2013/14 winter seasons in bulgaria. | 2015 | 25974986 |
| effect of preexisting serum and mucosal antibody on experimental respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) challenge and infection of adults. | we studied preexisting respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific serum and nasal antibodies and their correlation with infectivity, viral dynamics, and disease severity in a human experimental infection model. higher preinoculation serum neutralizing antibody titers and nasal immunoglobulin (ig) a predicted lower infectivity and lower measures of viral replication. however, once individuals were infected, no significant protective effect of preexisting antibodies was seen. lack of correlation b ... | 2015 | 25977264 |
| differential mucin expression by respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus infection in human epithelial cells. | mucins (muc) constitute an important component of the inflammatory and innate immune response. however, the expression of these molecules by respiratory viral infections is still largely unknown. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are two close-related paramyxoviruses that can cause severe low respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. currently, there is not vaccine available for neither virus. in this work, we explored the differential ex ... | 2015 | 25977598 |
| discovery of β-d-2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro-4'-α-cyano-5-aza-7,9-dideaza adenosine as a potent nucleoside inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus with excellent selectivity over mitochondrial rna and dna polymerases. | novel 4'-substituted β-d-2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro (2'd2'f) nucleoside inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are reported. the introduction of 4'-substitution onto 2'd2'f nucleoside analogs resulted in compounds demonstrating potent cell based rsv inhibition, improved inhibition of the rsv polymerase by the nucleoside triphosphate metabolites, and enhanced selectivity over incorporation by mitochondrial rna and dna polymerases. selectivity over the mitochondrial polymerases was found to be ... | 2015 | 25978965 |
| estimating the hospitalization burden associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in new york city, 2003-2011. | hospitalization burden associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is uncertain due to ambiguity in the inference methodologies employed for its estimation. | 2015 | 25980600 |
| age-specific epidemic waves of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in a subtropical city. | both influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are active throughout the year in subtropical or tropical regions, but few studies have reported on age-specific seasonal patterns of these viruses. we examined the age-specific epidemic curves of laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza a (subtyped into seasonal a(h1n1), a(h3n2), and pandemic virus a(h1n1)pdm09), influenza b and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), in subtropical city hong kong from 2004 to 2013. we found that different types an ... | 2015 | 25981824 |
| 3d tissue-like assemblies: a novel approach to investigate virus-cell interactions. | virus-host cell interactions are most commonly analyzed in cells maintained in vitro as two-dimensional tissue cultures. however, these in vitro conditions vary quite drastically from the tissues that are commonly infected in vivo. over the years, a number of systems have been developed that allow the establishment of three-dimensional (3d) tissue structures that have properties similar to their in vivo 3d counterparts. these 3d systems have numerous applications including drug testing, maintena ... | 2015 | 25986169 |
| nk cell immunophenotypic and genotypic analysis of infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants. reduced numbers of nk cells have been reported in infants with severe rsv infection; however, the precise role of nk cells during acute rsv infection is unclear. in this study the nk and t cell phenotypes, lilrb1 gene polymorphisms and kir genotypes of infants hospitalized with rsv infection were analyzed. compared to controls, infants with acute rsv infection showed a higher proportion ... | 2015 | 25988502 |
| viral respiratory infections of adults in the intensive care unit. | viral lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) are an underappreciated cause of critical illness in adults. recent advances in viral detection techniques over the past decade have demonstrated viral lrtis are associated with rates of morbidity, mortality, and health care utilization comparable to those of seen with bacterial community acquired and nosocomial pneumonias. in this review, we describe the relationship between viral lrtis and critical illness, as well as discuss relevant clinical f ... | 2016 | 25990273 |
| respiratory syncytial virus inhibitor az-27 differentially inhibits different polymerase activities at the promoter. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of pediatric respiratory disease. rsv has an rna-dependent rna polymerase that transcribes and replicates the viral negative-sense rna genome. the large polymerase subunit (l) has multiple enzymatic activities, having the capability to synthesize rna and add and methylate a cap on each of the viral mrnas. previous studies (h. xiong et al., bioorg med chem lett, 23:6789-6793, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.10.018; c. l. tiong-yip ... | 2015 | 25995255 |
| conservation of g-protein epitopes in respiratory syncytial virus (group a) despite broad genetic diversity: is antibody selection involved in virus evolution? | worldwide g-glycoprotein phylogeny of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) group a sequences revealed diversification in major clades and genotypes over more than 50 years of recorded history. multiple genotypes cocirculated during prolonged periods of time, but recent dominance of the ga2 genotype was noticed in several studies, and it is highlighted here with sequences from viruses circulating recently in spain and panama. reactivity of group a viruses with monoclonal antibodies (mabs) tha ... | 2015 | 25995258 |
| risk factors for bronchiolitis hospitalization during the first year of life in a multicenter italian birth cohort. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the main causes of respiratory infections during the first year of life. very premature infants may contract more severe diseases and 'late preterm infants' may also be more susceptible to the infection. the aim of this study is to evaluate the risk factors for hospitalization during the first year of life in children born at different gestational ages in italy. | 2015 | 26006025 |
| antiviral activity of tmc353121, a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion inhibitor, in a non-human primate model. | the study assessed the antiviral activity of tmc353121, a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion inhibitor, in a preclinical non-human primate challenge model with a viral shedding pattern similar to that seen in humans, following continuous infusion (ci). | 2015 | 26010881 |
| [prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalized children at a children's hospital and effects of climate change on the prevalence in suzhou, china]. | to investigate the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in hospitalized children and the relationship between the prevalence and the climate change in suzhou, china. | 2015 | 26014700 |
| mucosal delivery of a vectored rsv vaccine is safe and elicits protective immunity in rodents and nonhuman primates. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and the elderly. no vaccine is presently available to address this major unmet medical need. we generated a new genetic vaccine based on chimpanzee adenovirus (panad3-rsv) and modified vaccinia ankara rsv (mva-rsv) encoding the f, n, and m2-1 proteins of rsv, for the induction of neutralizing antibodies and broad cellular immunity. because rsv infection is restricted to the respiratory tract, we compare ... | 2015 | 26015988 |
| nonglycosylated g-protein vaccine protects against homologous and heterologous respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) challenge, while glycosylated g enhances rsv lung pathology and cytokine levels. | new efforts are under way to develop a vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) that will provide protective immunity without the potential for vaccine-associated disease enhancement such as that observed in infants following vaccination with formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine. in addition to the f fusion protein, the g attachment surface protein is a target for neutralizing antibodies and thus represents an important vaccine candidate. however, glycosylated g protein expressed in mammali ... | 2015 | 26018164 |
| functional analysis of the 60-nucleotide duplication in the respiratory syncytial virus buenos aires strain attachment glycoprotein. | there are two subgroups of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a and b, and within each subgroup, isolates are further divided into clades. several years ago, multiple subgroup b isolates which contained a duplication of 60 nucleotides in the glycoprotein (g) gene were described. these isolates were given a new clade designation of ba based on the site of isolation, buenos aires, argentina. ba rsv strains have since become the predominant circulating clade of rsv b viruses. we hypothesized that t ... | 2015 | 26018171 |
| respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in children up to 5 years of age in spain: epidemiology and comorbidities: an observational study. | this epidemiological survey in spain estimates the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in children up to 5 year of age during a 15-year period (1997-2011). observational retrospective survey was conducted by reviewing data of the national surveillance system for hospital data, including >98% of spanish hospitals. all hospitalizations related to rsv infection for children up to 5 years, reported during 1997-2011 period, were analyzed. codes were selected by using the internation ... | 2015 | 26020386 |
| objectives, design and enrollment results from the infant susceptibility to pulmonary infections and asthma following rsv exposure study (inspire). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lri) during infancy has been consistently associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma. in addition, evidence supports that this relationship is causal. however, the mechanisms through which rsv contributes to asthma development are not understood. the inspire (infant susceptibility to pulmonary infections and asthma following rsv exposure) study objectives are to: 1) characterize the host phenotypic response to rsv in ... | 2015 | 26021723 |
| inflammatory damage on respiratory and nervous systems due to hrsv infection. | the exacerbated inflammatory response elicited by human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) in the lungs of infected patients causes a major health burden in the pediatric and elderly population. since the discovery of hrsv, the exacerbated host immune-inflammatory response triggered by this virus has been extensively studied. in this article, we review the effects on the airways caused by immune cells and cytokines/chemokines secreted during hrsv infection. while molecules such as interferons co ... | 2015 | 26026788 |
| the paramyxovirus polymerase complex as a target for next-generation anti-paramyxovirus therapeutics. | the paramyxovirus family includes major human and animal pathogens, including measles virus, mumps virus, and human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), as well as the emerging zoonotic hendra and nipah viruses. in the u.s., rsv is the leading cause of infant hospitalizations due to viral infectious disease. despite their clinical significance, effective drugs for the improved management of paramyxovirus disease are lacking. the development of novel anti-paramyxovirus therapeutics is therefore urg ... | 2015 | 26029193 |
| modulation of the immune response to respiratory viruses by vitamin d. | vitamin d deficiency has been shown to be independently associated with increased risk of viral acute respiratory infection (ari) in a number of observational studies, and meta-analysis of clinical trials of vitamin d supplementation for prevention of ari has demonstrated protective effects. several cellular studies have investigated the effects of vitamin d metabolites on immune responses to respiratory viruses, but syntheses of these reports are lacking. | 2015 | 26035247 |
| incidence, risk factors and hospital burden in children under five years of age hospitalised with respiratory syncytial virus infections. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are among the most common lower respiratory tract infections in infants, but few studies have determined the age-specific incidence of hospitalisation in defined populations. this study gathered swedish data on rsv in gothenburg and its 10 surrounding municipalities from 2004 to 2011. | 2015 | 26036725 |
| emerging human respiratory syncytial virus genotype on1 found in infants with pneumonia in beijing, china. | 2013 | 26038462 | |
| resveratrol suppresses persistent airway inflammation and hyperresponsivess might partially via nerve growth factor in respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is involved in persistent and recurrent wheezing. there are no effective and safe drugs for the sequelae of persistent wheezing after early bronchiolitis. in this study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol on persistent airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) induced by rsv infection. rsv-infected mice were sacrificed at serial time points after infection to collect samples and measure the number of inflammatory cells and levels ... | 2015 | 26044349 |
| natural helper cells contribute to pulmonary eosinophilia by producing il-13 via il-33/st2 pathway in a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | it has been reported that natural helper cells, which are a non-t, non-b innate lymphoid cell type expressing c-kit and st2, mediate influenza-induced airway hyper-reactivity by producing substantial il-13. however, little is known about natural helper cells for the development of rsv-induced airway inflammation, particularly eosinophilic infiltration. by using balb/c mice that were infected intranasally with rsv, it became clear that infection with rsv can induce an increase in the absolute num ... | 2015 | 26044350 |
| characteristics and their clinical relevance of respiratory syncytial virus types and genotypes circulating in northern italy in five consecutive winter seasons. | in order to investigate the genetic diversity and patterns of the co-circulating genotypes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and their possible relationships with the severity of rsv infection, we studied all of the rsv-positive nasopharyngeal samples collected from children during five consecutive winters (2009-2010, 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-2013 and 2013-2014). the rsvs were detected using the respiratory virus panel fast assay and single-tube rt-pcr, their nucleotides were sequenced, and ... | 2015 | 26047100 |
| influenza-attributable deaths in south-eastern france (1999 to 2010): mortality predictions were undependable. | following the 2009 influenza pandemic, several studies showed that the mortality pattern associated with the a(h1n1)2009 virus primarily affected children and young adults. in this study, we aimed to estimate the influenza-attributable deaths during the periods from 1999 to 2010, in the provence-alpes-côte-d'azur (paca) region of south-eastern france in order to corroborate the hypothesis that (i) influenza-attributable deaths caused by a(h1n1)2009 strain were much lower than initially expected. | 2015 | 26049715 |
| protein-protein interactions of viroporins in coronaviruses and paramyxoviruses: new targets for antivirals? | viroporins are members of a rapidly growing family of channel-forming small polypeptides found in viruses. the present review will be focused on recent structural and protein-protein interaction information involving two viroporins found in enveloped viruses that target the respiratory tract; (i) the envelope protein in coronaviruses and (ii) the small hydrophobic protein in paramyxoviruses. deletion of these two viroporins leads to viral attenuation in vivo, whereas data from cell culture shows ... | 2015 | 26053927 |
| antiviral efficacy of a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion inhibitor in a bovine model of rsv infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants. effective treatment for rsv infection is a significant unmet medical need. while new rsv therapeutics are now in development, there are very few animal models that mimic the pathogenesis of human rsv, making it difficult to evaluate new disease interventions. experimental infection of holstein calves with bovine rsv (brsv) causes a severe respiratory infection that is similar to human rsv infection, ... | 2015 | 26055364 |
| the role of phosphodiesterase 12 (pde12) as a negative regulator of the innate immune response and the discovery of antiviral inhibitors. | 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (oas) enzymes and rnase-l constitute a major effector arm of interferon (ifn)-mediated antiviral defense. oas produces a unique oligonucleotide second messenger, 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5a), that binds and activates rnase-l. this pathway is down-regulated by virus- and host-encoded enzymes that degrade 2-5a. phosphodiesterase 12 (pde12) was the first cellular 2-5a- degrading enzyme to be purified and described at a molecular level. inhibition of pde12 may up-regul ... | 2015 | 26055709 |
| the danish national prescription registry in studies of a biological pharmaceutical: palivizumab - validation against two external data sources. | national prescription databases are important tools in pharmacoepidemiological studies investigating potential long-term adverse events after drug use. palivizumab is a biological pharmaceutical used as passive prophylaxis against severe infection with respiratory syncytial virus in high-risk children. | 2015 | 26056490 |
| adult patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection: impact of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on outcomes. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common community-acquired pathogen responsible for a substantial disease burden in adults. we investigated the outcomes after rsv infection in hospitalized adults over a 3-year period. | 2015 | 26059180 |
| trends of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children under 2 years of age in puerto rico. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most significant viral pathogen causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants, today. in tropical climates the rsv infection may occur throughout the year. the purpose of this study was to asses rsv infections during the 2009‒2010 rsv season in children under 2 years of age and to evaluate the trend of positive rsv tests in the period of 2007 to 2009. | 2015 | 26061061 |
| novel antiviral activity of mung bean sprouts against respiratory syncytial virus and herpes simplex virus -1: an in vitro study on virally infected vero and mrc-5 cell lines. | new sources for discovering novel antiviral agents are desperately needed. the current antiviral products are both expensive and not very effective. | 2015 | 26062546 |
| immunological, viral, environmental, and individual factors modulating lung immune response to respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus is a worldwide pathogen agent responsible for frequent respiratory tract infections that may become severe and potentially lethal in high risk infants and adults. several studies have been performed to investigate the immune response that determines the clinical course of the infection. in the present paper, we review the literature on viral, environmental, and host factors influencing virus response; the mechanisms of the immune response; and the action of nonimmunol ... | 2015 | 26064963 |
| eighteen years of respiratory syncytial virus surveillance: changes in seasonality and hospitalization rates in southwestern alaska native children. | alaska native infants from the yukon-kuskokwim delta (ykd) experienced respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization rates 5 times higher and an rsv season twice as long as the general us infant population. we describe trends in hospitalization rates and seasonality during 18 years of continuous rsv surveillance in this population and explore contributions of climate and sociodemographic factors. | 2015 | 26065863 |
| protein crystallography in vaccine research and development. | the use of protein x-ray crystallography for structure-based design of small-molecule drugs is well-documented and includes several notable success stories. however, it is less well-known that structural biology has emerged as a major tool for the design of novel vaccine antigens. here, we review the important contributions that protein crystallography has made so far to vaccine research and development. we discuss several examples of the crystallographic characterization of vaccine antigen stru ... | 2015 | 26068237 |
| respiratory syncytial virus in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and solid-organ transplantation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), one of the most common causes of respiratory infections in immunocompetent individuals, can cause significant pulmonary morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic stem cell (hsct) and less often in solid-organ transplant recipients. early diagnosis and medical intervention prior to the progression from upper to lower respiratory tract viral involvement is essential to positively affect the clinical course. the greatest risk of disease progression from upper to lo ... | 2015 | 26068871 |
| novel antigens for rsv vaccines. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains a leading global cause of infant mortality and adult morbidity. infection, which recurs throughout life, elicits only short-lived immunity. the development of a safe and efficacious vaccine has, thus far, been elusive. recent technological advances, however, have yielded promising rsv vaccine candidates that are based on solving atomic-level structures of surface glycoproteins interacting with neutralizing antibodies. the class i fusion glycoprotein, f, ... | 2015 | 26070108 |
| oseltamivir in influenza outbreaks in care homes: challenges and benefits of use in the real world. | respiratory virus infections, including influenza, are an important cause of potentially avoidable hospital admissions in the elderly. although recent reviews have questioned the efficacy of oseltamivir in the prevention of transmission, it has been a central part of the authors' strategy to manage outbreaks in residential homes. | 2015 | 26071039 |
| hypertonic saline for bronchiolitis in infants. | recently, a 1-year-old patient returned from admission in the hospital for bronchiolitis, and the report i received indicated that he was treated with inhaled hypertonic saline, among other treatments. is this therapy recommended for children in the acute care setting? | 2015 | 26071156 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection increases chlorine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. | exposure to chlorine (cl2) damages airway and alveolar epithelia resulting in acute lung injury and reactive airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) to methacholine. however, little is known about the effect of preexisting respiratory disease on cl2-induced lung injury. by using a murine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection model, we found that preexisting rsv infection increases cl2 (187 ppm for 30 min)-induced lung inflammation and airway ahr at 24 h after exposure (5 days after infection). rs ... | 2015 | 26071553 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection down-regulates antioxidant enzyme expression by triggering deacetylation-proteasomal degradation of nrf2. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of viral acute respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations in children, for which no vaccine or treatment is available. rsv infection in cells, mice, and children leads to rapid generation of reactive oxygen species, which are associated with oxidative stress and lung damage, due to a significant decrease in the expression of airway antioxidant enzymes (aoes). oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rsv-i ... | 2015 | 26073125 |
| infants born before 32 weeks of gestation or with respiratory disease are most likely to receive palivizumab in the netherlands. | palivizumab is reported to be effective in reducing respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation. its licensed uses include infants younger than six months of age, born before 35 weeks of gestation or under two years old with congenital heart disease or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. we redressed lack of research in the netherlands by studying whether infants who met the licensed indications received the drug. | 2015 | 26073782 |
| ige anti-respiratory syncytial virus antibodies detected in serum of pediatric patients with asthma. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children, and is a public health concern, as is the increase in pediatric asthma. respiratory viral infections may trigger asthma exacerbations. however, it remains unknown whether rsv infection may have a specific association with asthma. total serum ige, and ige- and igg-anti-rsv ab responses were studied in older asthmatic compared with non-asthmatic children (m/f, mean age: 14) (n=30, n=43, respecti ... | 2015 | 26074414 |
| biomarkers of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection: specific neutrophil and cytokine levels provide increased accuracy in predicting disease severity. | despite fundamental advances in the research on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) since its initial identification almost 60 years ago, recurring failures in developing vaccines and pharmacologic strategies effective in controlling the infection have allowed rsv to become a leading cause of global infant morbidity and mortality. indeed, the burden of this infection on families and health care organizations worldwide continues to escalate and its financial costs are growing. furthermore, strong e ... | 2015 | 26074450 |
| efficacy and safety of laggera pterodonta in children 3-24 months with acute bronchiolitis: a randomized controlled trial. | laggera pterodonta, a traditional chinese medicine, has been commonly used in respiratory tract infections for more than hundreds of years without any randomized controlled trials to evaluate its efficacy and safety. | 2017 | 26076757 |
| respiratory viruses associated with community-acquired pneumonia in children: matched case-control study. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is the leading cause of death in children worldwide and a substantial proportion of childhood cap is caused by viruses. a better understanding of the role of virus infections in this condition is needed to improve clinical management and preventive measures. the aim of the study was therefore to assess the association between specific respiratory viruses and childhood cap. | 2015 | 26077969 |
| ten year retrospective evaluation of the seasonal distribution of agent viruses in childhood respiratory tract infections. | infections caused by respiratory viruses sometimes occur as epidemias or pandemias and are an important public health problem in the whole world. these viral agents may lead to severe respiratory diseases especially in young children and in the elderly. the aim of this study was to determine the seasonal distribution of agent viruses in childhood respiratory infections in our region. | 2014 | 26078631 |
| knowledge gaps on paediatric respiratory infections in morocco, northern africa. | the burden of acute respiratory infections (ari) among moroccan children remains significant. however, scarce information is available regarding trends in its epidemiology and etiology, or regarding its associated prognostic factors. the purpose of this work was to review available data on the burden of ari among children under five years of age in morocco. | 2015 | 26078866 |
| plant-derived monoclonal antibodies for prevention and treatment of infectious disease. | numerous monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognize and neutralize infectious pathogens have been isolated and developed over the years. the fact that infectious diseases can involve large populations of infected individuals is an important factor that has motivated the search for both cost-effective and scalable methods of antibody production. the current technologies for production of antibodies in plants allow for very rapid expression and evaluation that can also be readily scaled for multi ... | 2014 | 26082108 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: more than a pediatric infection. | 2015 | 26083298 | |
| rsv-induced h3k4 demethylase kdm5b leads to regulation of dendritic cell-derived innate cytokines and exacerbates pathogenesis in vivo. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can result in severe disease partially due to its ability to interfere with the initiation of th1 responses targeting the production of type i interferons (ifn) and promoting a th2 immune environment. epigenetic modulation of gene transcription has been shown to be important in regulating inflammatory pathways. rsv-infected bone marrow-derived dcs (bmdcs) upregulated expression of kdm5b/jarid1b h3k4 demethylase. kdm5b-specific sirna inhibition in bmdc ... | 2015 | 26083387 |
| partial attenuation of respiratory syncytial virus with a deletion of a small hydrophobic gene is associated with elevated interleukin-1β responses. | the small hydrophobic (sh) gene of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a major cause of infant hospitalization, encodes a viroporin of unknown function. sh gene knockout virus (rsv δsh) is partially attenuated in vivo, but not in vitro, suggesting that the sh protein may have an immunomodulatory role. rsv δsh has been tested as a live attenuated vaccine in humans and cattle, and here we demonstrate that it protected against viral rechallenge in mice. we compared the immune response to infection w ... | 2015 | 26085154 |
| premature infants have impaired airway antiviral ifnγ responses to human metapneumovirus compared to respiratory syncytial virus. | it is unknown why human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cause severe respiratory infection in children, particularly in premature infants. our aim was to investigate if there are defective airway antiviral responses to these viruses in young children with history of prematurity. | 2015 | 26086642 |
| molecular viral epidemiology and clinical characterization of acute febrile respiratory infections in hospitalized children in taiwan. | acute respiratory infection (ari) is a leading cause of morbidity and hospitalization in children. to profile the viruses causing ari in children admitted to a community-based hospital in central taiwan, a cross-sectional study was conducted on children under 14 years of age that were hospitalized with febrile ari. viral etiology was determined using conventional cell culture and a commercial respiratory virus panel fast assay (xtag rvp), capable of detecting 19 different respiratory viruses and ... | 2015 | 26089293 |
| impact of formulation and particle size on stability and immunogenicity of oil-in-water emulsion adjuvants. | oil-in-water emulsions have gained consideration as vaccine adjuvants in recent years due to their ability to elicit a differentiated immunogenic response compared to traditional aluminum salt adjuvants. squalene, a cholesterol precursor, is a natural product with immunostimulatory properties, making it an ideal candidate for such oil-in-water emulsions. particle size is a key parameter of these emulsions and its relationship to stability and adjuvanticity has not been extensively studied. this ... | 2015 | 26090563 |
| multicenter evaluation of bd veritor system and rsv k-set for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus in a diagnostic laboratory setting. | the recently introduced bd veritor system rsv laboratory kit (becton dickinson, sparks, md, usa) with automatic reading was evaluated and compared with the rsv k-set (coris bioconcept, gembloux, belgium) for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) using 248 nasopharyngeal aspirates of children younger than 6 years old with respiratory tract infection. compared to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction as gold standard, both tests had an identical sensitivity of 78.1% and a sp ... | 2015 | 26092509 |
| molecular basis for the selective inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus rna polymerase by 2'-fluoro-4'-chloromethyl-cytidine triphosphate. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe lower respiratory tract infections, yet no vaccines or effective therapeutics are available. als-8176 is a first-in-class nucleoside analog prodrug effective in rsv-infected adult volunteers, and currently under evaluation in hospitalized infants. here, we report the mechanism of inhibition and selectivity of als-8176 and its parent als-8112. als-8176 inhibited rsv replication in non-human primates, while als-8112 inhibited all strains of rsv in vi ... | 2015 | 26098424 |
| a cysteine zipper stabilizes a pre-fusion f glycoprotein vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus. | recombinant subunit vaccines should contain minimal non-pathogen motifs to reduce potential off-target reactivity. we recently developed a vaccine antigen against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), which comprised the fusion (f) glycoprotein stabilized in its pre-fusion trimeric conformation by "ds-cav1" mutations and by an appended c-terminal trimerization motif or "foldon" from t4-bacteriophage fibritin. here we investigate the creation of a cysteine zipper to allow for the removal of the phag ... | 2015 | 26098893 |
| human bocavirus infection as a cause of severe acute respiratory tract infection in children. | in 2005 human bocavirus (hbov) was discovered in respiratory tract samples of children. the role of hbov as the single causative agent for respiratory tract infections remains unclear. detection of hbov in children with respiratory disease is frequently in combination with other viruses or bacteria. we set up an algorithm to study whether hbov alone can cause severe acute respiratory tract infection (sari) in children. the algorithm was developed to exclude cases with no other likely cause than ... | 2015 | 26100374 |
| comparison of the conventional multiplex rt-pcr, real time rt-pcr and luminex xtag® rvp fast assay for the detection of respiratory viruses. | detection of respiratory viruses using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is sensitive, specific and cost effective, having huge potential for patient management. in this study, the performance of an in-house developed conventional multiplex rt-pcr (mrt-pcr), real time rt-pcr (rtrt-pcr) and luminex xtag(®) rvp fast assay (luminex diagnostics, toronto, canada) for the detection of respiratory viruses was compared. a total 310 respiratory clinical specimens predominantly from pediatric patients, refe ... | 2016 | 26100490 |
| who consultation on respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development report from a world health organization meeting held on 23-24 march 2015. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a globally prevalent cause of lower respiratory infection in neonates and infants. despite its disease burden, a safe and effective rsv vaccine has remained elusive. in recent years, improved understanding of rsv biology and innovations in immunogen design has resulted in the advancement of multiple vaccine candidates into the clinical development pipeline. given the growing number of vaccines in clinical trials, the rapid pace at which they are being tested, ... | 2016 | 26100926 |
| vector-mediated in vivo antibody expression. | this article focuses on a novel vaccine strategy known as vector-mediated antibody gene transfer, with a particular focus on human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). this strategy provides a solution to the problem of current vaccines that fail to generate neutralizing antibodies to prevent hiv-1 infection and aids. antibody gene transfer allows for predetermination of antibody affinity and specificity prior to "immunization" and avoids the need for an active humoral immune response against the hiv e ... | 2014 | 26104192 |
| prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection: from vaccine to antibody. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. initial efforts to develop a vaccine to prevent rsv lower respiratory tract disease in children were halted because of serious adverse events that occurred when children were infected with rsv following vaccination, including vaccine-related deaths. subsequently, a major focus for researchers was to understand what led to these adverse events. investment in a vaccine for rsv c ... | 2014 | 26104207 |
| human metapneumovirus. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a paramyxovirus identified in 2001, is a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in both children and adults. seroprevalence studies demonstrate that the primary infection occurs before the age of 5 years, and humans are reinfected throughout life. the four subgroups of hmpv occur with year-to-year variability, and infection with one subgroup confers some serologic cross-protection. experimental vaccines elicit a humoral response in both animal and human model ... | 2014 | 26104361 |
| history and practice: antibodies in infectious diseases. | antibodies and passive antibody therapy in the treatment of infectious diseases is the story of a treatment concept which dates back more than 120 years, to the 1890s, when the use of serum from immunized animals provided the first effective treatment options against infections with clostridium tetani and corynebacterium diphtheriae. however, after the discovery of penicillin by fleming in 1928, and the subsequent introduction of the much cheaper and safer antibiotics in the 1930s, serum therapy ... | 2015 | 26104697 |
| cx3cr1 is expressed in differentiated human ciliated airway cells and co-localizes with respiratory syncytial virus on cilia in a g protein-dependent manner. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the principal cause of bronchiolitis in infants and a significant healthcare problem. the rsv glycoprotein (g) mediates attachment of the virus to the cell membrane, which facilitates interaction of the rsv fusion (f) protein with nucleolin, thereby triggering fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. however, a host protein ligand for g has not yet been identified. here we show that cx3cr1 is expressed in the motile cilia of differentiated human airway epi ... | 2015 | 26107373 |
| relating plaque morphology to respiratory syncytial virus subgroup, viral load, and disease severity in children. | viral culture plaque morphology in human cell lines are markers for growth capability and cytopathic effect, and have been used to assess viral fitness and select preattenuation candidates for live viral vaccines. we classified respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) plaque morphology and analyzed the relationship between plaque morphology as compared to subgroup, viral load and clinical severity of infection in infants and children. | 2015 | 26107392 |
| recombinant soluble respiratory syncytial virus f protein that lacks heptad repeat b, contains a gcn4 trimerization motif and is not cleaved displays prefusion-like characteristics. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein f is considered an attractive vaccine candidate especially in its prefusion conformation. we studied whether recombinant soluble rsv f proteins could be stabilized in a prefusion-like conformation by mutation of heptad repeat b (hrb). the results show that soluble, trimeric, non-cleaved rsv f protein, produced by expression of the furin cleavage site-mutated f ectodomain extended with a gcn4 trimerization sequence, is efficiently recognized by ... | 2015 | 26107504 |
| incidence and risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus infections among children in the remote highlands of peru. | the disease burden and risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (mpv) infections among children living in remote, rural areas remain unclear. | 2015 | 26107630 |
| early evolution of human respiratory syncytial virus on1 strains: analysis of the diversity in the c-terminal hypervariable region of glycoprotein gene within the first 3.5 years since their detection. | characterization of the phylogeny and diversity of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) genotype on1 that occurred during its early evolution (within the first 3.5 years since the detection of the first on1 strains). on1 strains have a 72-nucleotide-long in-frame duplication within the second hypervariable domain of the glycoprotein gene (hvr2). | 2015 | 26112390 |
| human rhinovirus infections in hospitalized children: clinical, epidemiological and virological features. | molecular epidemiology and clinical impact of human rhinovirus (hrv) are not well documented in tropical regions. this study compared the clinical characteristics of hrv to other common viral infections and investigated the molecular epidemiology of hrv in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections (aris) in vietnam. from april 2010 to may 2011, 1082 nasopharyngeal swabs were screened for respiratory viruses by pcr. vp4/vp2 sequences of hrv were further characterized. hrv was the mo ... | 2016 | 26112743 |
| urokinase receptor-deficient mice mount an innate immune response to and clarify respiratory viruses as efficiently as wild-type mice. | the plasminogen activator receptor (upar) is required for lung infiltration by innate immune cells in respiratory bacterial infections. in order to verify if this held true for respiratory viruses, wild type (wt) and upar knockout (upar(-/-)) mice were inoculated intranasally with the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and the influenza a virus. at several days post-infection (dpi), viral titers in the lungs were determined while cell infiltrates in the bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) were an ... | 2015 | 26115163 |
| a recombinant varicella vaccine harboring a respiratory syncytial virus gene induces humoral immunity. | the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) oka vaccine strain (voka) is highly efficient and causes few adverse events; therefore, it is used worldwide. we previously constructed recombinant voka (rvoka) harboring the mumps virus gene. immunizing guinea pigs with rvoka induced the production of neutralizing antibodies against the mumps virus and vzv. here, we constructed recombinant voka viruses containing either the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subgroup a fusion glycoprotein (rsv a-f) gene or rsv su ... | 2015 | 26116253 |
| increasing complexity of vaccine development. | vaccines already developed have been enormously successful. however, the development of future vaccines requires solution of a number of immunologic problems, including pathogen variability, short effector memory, evoking functional responses, and identification of antigens that generate protective responses. in addition, different populations may respond differently to the same vaccine because of genetic, age, or environmental factors. | 2015 | 26116724 |
| benzimidazole analogs inhibit respiratory syncytial virus g protein function. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a highly contagious paramyxovirus that infects most children by age two, generating an estimated 75,000-125,000 hospitalizations in the u.s. annually. hrsv is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants and children under 1year of age, with significant mortality among high-risk groups. a regulatory agency-approved vaccine is not available, and existing prophylaxis and therapies are limited to use in high-risk pediatric patients; ... | 2015 | 26116756 |
| human metapneumovirus infection is associated with severe respiratory disease in preschool children with history of prematurity. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently discovered respiratory pathogen of the family paramyxoviridae, the same family as that of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). premature children are at high risk of severe rsv infections, however, it is unclear whether hmpv infection is more severe in hospitalized children with a history of severe prematurity. | 2016 | 26117550 |
| significant transplantation-related mortality from respiratory virus infections within the first one hundred days in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | respiratory viral infections (rvi) are important in hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (hsct) and knowledge regarding incidence, morbidity, mortality, and long-term pulmonary complications is limited. we report a study to evaluate incidence and outcomes, both short and long-term, of rvi in children receiving hsct. between january 2000 and december 2012, 844 patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) at the hospital for sick children: 491 were allogeneic and 353 were ... | 2015 | 26117558 |
| new insights on the viral and host factors contributing to the airway pathogenesis caused by the respiratory syncytial virus. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most prevalent etiological agent of lower respiratory tract infections and the first cause of hospitalization in infants due to respiratory disease worldwide. however, efforts to develop safe and effective vaccines and antivirals have been challenged by an incomplete understanding of the rsv pathogenesis and the host immune response to rsv infection in the airways. here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the interaction between rsv and the e ... | 2016 | 26119025 |
| shp-2 contributes to anti-rsv activity in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells by interfering with the ifn-α-induced jak/stat1 pathway. | src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2 (shp-2) is a ubiquitously expressed protein that is involved in a variety of cellular processes, including antiviral interferon signalling pathways. in this study, we investigated the role of shp-2 in the host cell interactions of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). we report significant changes in the expression of shp-2 in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (a549) upon rsv infection. we also report that blocking shp-2 does not affect viral ... | 2015 | 26119280 |
| detection of multiple respiratory viruses associated with mortality and severity of illness in children. | respiratory viral infection is a common source of morbidity and mortality in children. coinfection with multiple viruses occurs frequently; however, the clinical significance of concomitant viral pathogens is unclear. we hypothesized that presence of more than one respiratory virus is associated with increased morbidity and mortality when compared with children with a single respiratory virus. | 2015 | 26121097 |
| clinical endpoints for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis trials in infants and children in high-income and middle-income countries. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) continues to cause significant clinical and economic burden around the world. historically, rsv-associated hospitalization was used as a primary endpoint for rsv prophylaxis trials in infants. however, because of the changing epidemiology and healthcare system landscape, this endpoint has become a critical bottleneck on the pathway to licensure for new therapeutics. a panel of 7 rsv experts was convened (chicago, il, may 22, 2014) to evaluate the challenges of d ... | 2015 | 26121204 |
| respiratory viral detections during symptomatic and asymptomatic periods in young andean children. | viruses are commonly detected in children with acute respiratory illnesses (aris) and in asymptomatic children. longitudinal studies of viral detections during asymptomatic periods surrounding ari could facilitate interpretation of viral detections but are currently scant. | 2015 | 26121205 |
| immunological response to single pathogen challenge with agents of the bovine respiratory disease complex: an rna-sequence analysis of the bronchial lymph node transcriptome. | susceptibility to bovine respiratory disease (brd) is multi-factorial and is influenced by stress in conjunction with infection by both bacterial and viral pathogens. while vaccination is broadly used in an effort to prevent brd, it is far from being fully protective and cases diagnosed from a combination of observed clinical signs without any attempt at identifying the causal pathogens are usually treated with antibiotics. dairy and beef cattle losses from brd are profound worldwide and genetic ... | 2015 | 26121276 |
| a respiratory syncytial virus persistent-infected cell line system reveals the involvement of socs1 in the innate antiviral response. | hep-2 cells persistently infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are a heterogeneous mixture of viral antigen-positive and -negative variants; however, the mechanism through which viral replication becomes latent remains unclear. in this study, we investigated the potential mechanism by which rsv escapes from innate immune surveillance. persistent-infected rsv hep-2 cells were isolated and cell clones were passaged. the rsv-persistent cells produced viruses at a lower titer, resisted wil ... | 2015 | 26122642 |
| effect of prophylactic palivizumab on admission due to respiratory syncytial virus infection in former very low birth weight infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | the aim of this study was to observe the effects of prophylactic palivizumab on hospitalization secondary to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection (rsvhospitalization) in former very low birth weight infants (vlbwi) with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd). this study also sought to identify the risk factors of rsvhospitalizationin this particular infant population. a prospective observational study was conducted between september 2007 and april 2008 in seven korean hospitals. children with a ... | 2015 | 26130956 |
| viral load in infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis correlates with recurrent wheezing at thirty-six-month follow-up. | the relationship between viral infection, host immune response in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and subsequent wheezing is discussed. we measured rsv-rna load and interferon-λ1-3 expression in the nasopharyngeal washings from 68 infants hospitalized for rsv bronchiolitis, and wheezing was assessed 36 months after the first episode of bronchiolitis. higher rsv-rna load and higher interferon-λ2/3 levels were found in children with recurrent wheezing at 36-month follo ... | 2015 | 26132826 |
| google flu trends in canada: a comparison of digital disease surveillance data with physician consultations and respiratory virus surveillance data, 2010-2014. | the value of google flu trends (gft) remains unclear after it overestimated the proportion of physician visits related to influenza-like illness (ili) in the united states in 2012-2013. however, gft estimates (%gft) have not been examined nationally in canada nor compared with positivity for respiratory viruses other than influenza. for 2010-2014, we compared %gft for canada to public health agency of canada ili consultation rates (%phac) and to positivity for influenza a and b, respiratory sync ... | 2016 | 26135239 |
| evaluation of a new rapid diagnostic test for the detection of influenza and rsv. | influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can cause an acute respiratory disease that occurs seasonally in epidemic waves. this retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the sofia(®) influenza a+b and the sofia(®) rsv fluorescence immunoassays (fias), two novel rapid detection tests (rdts) for influenza a and b and rsv. | 2016 | 26139303 |
| prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus circulating in iran. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infection during early childhood and is associated with a great burden on patients, parents, and society. while no treatment is yet available, results from recent phase 2 clinical trials of cell-entry inhibitors and rsv vaccines are promising. to prepare for introduction of these novel therapeutics, good understanding of its molecular epidemiology and continuous rsv surveillance data are necessary. this paper provides an o ... | 2016 | 26143136 |
| estimating the contribution of influenza to hospitalisations in new zealand from 1994 to 2008. | influenza has a substantially but poorly measured impact on population health. estimating its true contribution to hospitalisations remains a challenge. | 2015 | 26143611 |
| a comparison of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus who-defined severe pneumonia in moroccan children. | acute respiratory infections remain the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in moroccan children. besides bacterial infections, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are prominent among other viruses due to their high prevalence and association with severe clinical episodes. we aimed to describe and compare rsv- and hmpv-associated cases of who-defined severe pneumonia in a paediatric population admitted to morocco's reference hospital. children aged 2-59 mont ... | 2016 | 26143933 |
| clinical and epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory virus infections in vietnamese children. | information about viral acute respiratory infections (aris) is essential for prevention, diagnosis and treatment, but it is limited in tropical developing countries. this study described the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of aris in children hospitalized in vietnam. nasopharyngeal samples were collected from children with aris at ho chi minh city children's hospital 2 between april 2010 and may 2011 in order to detect respiratory viruses by polymerase chain reaction. viruses were f ... | 2016 | 26145204 |
| nasopharyngeal bacterial burden and antibiotics: influence on inflammatory markers and disease severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | animal studies suggest that rsv increases nasopharyngeal (np) bacterial colonization facilitating bacterial infections. we investigated the influence of antibiotic treatment and colonization with potentially pathogenic bacteria on inflammatory markers and disease severity in rsv-infected in infants. | 2015 | 26149186 |