Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| does alkaline colonic ph predispose to clostridium difficile infection? | clostridium difficile caused nearly 500,000 infections and was associated with approximately 29,000 deaths in 2011, according to data from the centers for disease control and prevention. c. difficile is a bacterium that causes diarrhea and, often, severe illness in healthcare facilities, as well as the community. our objective was to determine whether alkaline colonic ph predisposes to colonization and infection with c. difficile. | 2016 | 26840963 |
| predicting the risk of clostridium difficile infection upon admission: a score to identify patients for antimicrobial stewardship efforts. | increasing morbidity and health care costs related to clostridium difficile infection (cdi) have heightened interest in methods to identify patients who would most benefit from interventions to mitigate the likelihood of cdi. | 2016 | 26845084 |
| beneficial effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on ulcerative colitis in mice. | ulcerative colitis (uc) is a chronic condition and the most common form of inflammatory bowel disease. the goal of standard treatment is mainly to induce and maintain remission with anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive agents, and/or colectomy. fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has been used successfully to treat relapsing or refractory clostridium difficile infection. the alteration of microbiota in mouse models of uc as well as in patients suggested the possibility of treating uc with fmt ... | 2016 | 26846120 |
| telephone survey of infection-control and antibiotic stewardship practices in long-term care facilities in maryland. | multidrug-resistant organisms are an emerging and serious threat to the care of patients. long-term care facilities are considered a reservoir of these organisms partly because of the over-prescribing of antibiotics. antibiotic use is common in long-term care facilities. antibiotic stewardship programs have been shown to reduce antibiotic consumption in acute-care facilities. the purpose of our study is to investigate existing infection-control practices and antibiotic stewardship programs in lo ... | 2016 | 26848066 |
| clostridium difficile associated risk of death score (cards): a novel severity score to predict mortality among hospitalised patients with c. difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a public health threat and associated with significant mortality. however, there is a paucity of objectively derived cdi severity scoring systems to predict mortality. | 2016 | 26849527 |
| ultrastructural variability of the exosporium layer of clostridium difficile spores. | the anaerobic sporeformer clostridium difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea in developed and developing countries. the metabolically dormant spore form is considered the transmission, infectious, and persistent morphotype, and the outermost exosporium layer is likely to play a major role in spore-host interactions during the first contact of c. difficile spores with the host and for spore persistence during recurrent episodes of infection. although some stud ... | 2016 | 26850296 |
| coexisting cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent patients with clostridium difficile colitis. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) colitis usually occurs in immunocompromised patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, organ transplantation, and malignancy receiving chemotherapy or ulcerative colitis receiving immunosuppressive agents. however, cmv colitis is increasingly recognized in immunocompetent hosts. notably, cmv colitis coexisting with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in apparently healthy individuals has been published in recent years, which could result in high morbidity and m ... | 2016 | 26850320 |
| reply to dikon in response to "a response to the relationship between different types of sharps containers and clostridium difficile infection rates in acute care hospitals". | 2016 | 26851197 | |
| a response to the relationship between different types of sharps containers and clostridium difficile infection rates in acute care hospitals. | 2016 | 26852081 | |
| prevention of stress-related ulcer bleeding at the intensive care unit: risks and benefits of stress ulcer prophylaxis. | stress-related mucosal disease is a typical complication of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (icu). it poses a risk of clinically relevant upper gastrointestinal (gi) bleeding. therefore, stress ulcer prophylaxis (sup) is recommended in high-risk patients, especially those mechanically ventilated > 48 h and those with a manifest coagulopathy. proton pump inhibitors (ppi) and, less effectively, histamine 2 receptor antagonists (h2ra) prevent gi bleeding in critically ill patient ... | 2016 | 26855894 |
| introduction to the special issue on clostridium difficile and the history of the international clostridium difficile symposium (icds). | 2016 | 26856973 | |
| hospital clostridium difficile infection rates and prediction of length of stay in patients without c. difficile infection. | background inpatient length of stay (los) has been used as a measure of hospital quality and efficiency. patients with clostridium difficile infections (cdi) have longer los. objective to describe the relationship between hospital cdi incidence and the los of patients without cdi. design retrospective cohort analysis. methods we predicted average los for patients without cdi at both the hospital and patient level using hospital cdi incidence. we also controlled for hospital characteristics (eg, ... | 2016 | 26858126 |
| intestinal microbiota in pediatric surgical cases administered bifidobacterium breve: a randomized controlled trial. | the efficacy of perioperative probiotic administration has been reported in adults. we examined the effects of orally administered bifidobacterium breve strain yakult (bbg-01) on outcomes in pediatric surgical cases by assessing intestinal and blood microbiota. bbg-01 was well tolerated without adverse effects, and postoperative infectious complications were significantly decreased. fecal analysis showed increased bifidobacterium and decreased enterobacteriaceae, clostridium difficile, and pseud ... | 2016 | 26859092 |
| identification of medicare recipients at highest risk for clostridium difficile infection in the us by population attributable risk analysis. | population attributable risk percent (par%) is an epidemiological tool that provides an estimate of the percent reduction in total disease burden if that disease could be entirely eliminated among a subpopulation. as such, par% is used to efficiently target prevention interventions. due to significant limitations in current clostridium difficile infection (cdi) prevention practices and the development of new approaches to prevent cdi, such as vaccination, we determined the par% for cdi in variou ... | 2016 | 26859403 |
| breakthroughs in the treatment and prevention of clostridium difficile infection. | this review summarizes the latest advances in the treatment and prevention of clostridium difficile infection (cdi), which is now the most common health-care-associated infection in the usa. as traditional, standard cdi antibiotic therapies (metronidazole and vancomycin) are limited by their broad spectrum and further perturbation of the intestinal microbiota, which result in unacceptably high recurrence rates, novel therapeutic strategies for cdi are needed. emerging cdi therapies are focused o ... | 2016 | 26860266 |
| a comparison of clostridium difficile diagnostic methods for identification of local strains in a south african centre. | accurate diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection is essential for disease management. a clinical and molecular analysis of c. difficile isolated from symptomatic patients at groote schuur hospital, south africa, was conducted to establish the most suitable clinical test for the diagnosis and characterisation of locally prevalent strains. c. difficile was detected in stool samples using enzyme-based immunoassays (eia) and nucleic acid amplification methods, and their performance was compared ... | 2016 | 26860329 |
| the importance of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for correct identification of clostridium difficile isolated from chromid c. difficile chromogenic agar. | the clinical workflow of using chromogenic agar and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-fight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) for clostridium difficile identification was evaluated. the addition of maldi-tof ms identification after the chromid c. difficile chromogenic agar culture could significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of c. difficile. | 2016 | 26860352 |
| opportunities for improvement in the care of patients hospitalized for inflammatory bowel disease-related colitis. | algorithms for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up have been proposed for patients hospitalized for inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) colitis flare. the degree to which providers adhere to these algorithms is unknown. this study evaluated the quality of care in ibd patients hospitalized for disease-associated exacerbations and factors correlated with higher degrees of care. | 2016 | 26860508 |
| uptake and levels of the antibiotic berberine in individual dormant and germinating clostridium difficile and bacillus cereus spores as measured by laser tweezers raman spectroscopy. | spores of clostridium difficile and bacillus cereus are major causes of nosocomial diarrhoea and foodborne disease. our aim was to measure the dynamics of the uptake of the antibiotic berberine by individual germinating spores and the levels of berberine accumulated in germinated spores. | 2016 | 26861569 |
| recent advances in the understanding of antibiotic resistance in clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile epidemiology has changed in recent years, with the emergence of highly virulent types associated with severe infections, high rates of recurrences and mortality. antibiotic resistance plays an important role in driving these epidemiological changes and the emergence of new types. while clindamycin resistance was driving historical endemic types, new types are associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones. furthermore, resistance to multiple antibiotics is a common feature ... | 2016 | 26862400 |
| top ten facts you need to know about clostridium difficile. | 2015 | 26863828 | |
| the effect of statins on the outcome of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients. | several studies have shown an association between exposure to statins and favorable clinical outcomes for various types of infections. we aimed to assess the impact of statin use on mortality, disease severity and complications among hospitalized patients with clostridium difficile infection (cdi). data were analyzed from a retrospectively collected database of 499 patients diagnosed with cdi during 2009-2014. we compared infection outcomes between 178 statin (36 %) users and 321 (64 %) non-user ... | 2016 | 26864041 |
| effect of a clostridium difficile infection prevention initiative in veterans affairs acute care facilities. | rates of clinically confirmed hospital-onset healthcare facility-associated clostridium difficile infections from july 1, 2012, through march 31, 2015, in 127 acute care veterans affairs facilities were evaluated. quarterly pooled national standardized infection ratios decreased 15% from baseline by the final quarter of the analysis period (p=.01, linear regression). infect control hosp epidemiol 2016;37:720-722. | 2016 | 26864803 |
| evaluation of luminex xtag gastrointestinal pathogen panel assay for detection of multiple diarrheal pathogens in fecal samples in vietnam. | diarrheal disease is a complex syndrome that remains a leading cause of global childhood morbidity and mortality. the diagnosis of enteric pathogens in a timely and precise manner is important for making treatment decisions and informing public health policy, but accurate diagnosis is a major challenge in industrializing countries. multiplex molecular diagnostic techniques may represent a significant improvement over classical approaches. we evaluated the luminex xtag gastrointestinal pathogen p ... | 2016 | 26865681 |
| prospective evaluation of a novel two-step protocol for screening of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized adult patients. | abstract. clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is one of the most common nosocomial infections in thailand and worldwide. the clinical spectrum ranges from annoy- ing diarrhea to severe life-threatening disease. enzyme-linked immunofluorescent assay for cytotoxins a/b (cytotoxins a/b elfa), which has been widely used in our institute, generally is considered as having low sensitivity for diagnosis of cdi. the study was a prospective evaluation of a novel two-step diagnostic algorithm, in which ... | 2015 | 26867362 |
| molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of tcda-negative clostridium difficile isolates from guangzhou, china. | this study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium difficile clinical isolates in guangzhou, china. one hundred twenty isolates were collected from guangzhou general hospital at the guangzhou military command in china from march 2014 to april 2015, and 9 isolates were identified as tcda-negative/tcdb-positive (a(-)b(+)) strains. results showed that all of the strains were confirmed to be st37 and 0 single nucleotide variants (snvs) were ... | 2016 | 26867962 |
| a prospective study of two isothermal amplification assays compared with real-time pcr, ccna and toxigenic culture for the diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection. | new molecular methods of detecting clostridium difficile infection (cdi) provide the routine lab with a sensitive random access method to produce results that are available in a shorter time than traditional methods. | 2016 | 26868647 |
| toxin b pcr cycle threshold as a predictor of poor outcome of clostridium difficile infection: a derivation and validation cohort study. | prediction of patients with poor outcome is necessary in order to plan the proper management of clostridium difficile infection (cdi); however, clinical criteria are insufficient. in a previous study, we observed that high toxigenic c. difficile cfu stool counts at diagnosis were associated with a poor outcome. our objective was to investigate the role of the pcr toxin b amplification cycle threshold (ct) in the prediction of cdi poor outcome and to derive and validate a high-risk prediction rul ... | 2016 | 26869691 |
| the challenge and potential of metagenomics in the clinic. | the bacteria, fungi, and viruses that live on and in us have a tremendous impact on our day-to-day health and are often linked to many diseases, including autoimmune disorders and infections. diagnosing and treating these disorders relies on accurate identification and characterization of the microbial community. current sequencing technologies allow the sequencing of the entire nucleic acid complement of a sample providing an accurate snapshot of the community members present in addition to the ... | 2016 | 26870044 |
| an integrated metabolomic and microbiome analysis identified specific gut microbiota associated with fecal cholesterol and coprostanol in clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is characterized by dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota and a profound derangement in the fecal metabolome. however, the contribution of specific gut microbes to fecal metabolites in c. difficile-associated gut microbiome remains poorly understood. using gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and 16s rrna deep sequencing, we analyzed the metabolome and microbiome of fecal samples obtained longitudinally from subjects with clostridium difficile infec ... | 2016 | 26871580 |
| persisting variation in testing and reporting clostridium difficile cases. | previous evidence suggested a significant variation in the testing algorithms used across the united kingdom for the diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and new national guidelines were issued in 2012. the main aim of this paper was to explore if such variation in testing and reporting is still present, to compare the management of cdi cases, and to investigate if there is any significant variation in the antibiotic policies among different hospitals. using london hospitals as a s ... | 2015 | 26877769 |
| integrating time-varying and ecological exposures into multivariate analyses of hospital-acquired infection risk factors: a review and demonstration. | objectives hospital-acquired infections (hais) develop rapidly after brief and transient exposures, and ecological exposures are central to their etiology. however, many studies of hais risk do not correctly account for the timing of outcomes relative to exposures, and they ignore ecological factors. we aimed to describe statistical practice in the most cited hai literature as it relates to these issues, and to demonstrate how to implement models that can be used to account for them. methods we ... | 2016 | 26880280 |
| complications of hospital-onset healthcare facility-associated clostridium difficile infections among veterans. | complications within 30 days of a clinically confirmed hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection diagnosis from july 1, 2012, through june 30, 2015, in 127 acute care veterans health administration facilities were evaluated. pooled rates for attributable intensive care unit admissions, colectomies, and deaths were 2.7%, 0.5%, and 0.4%, respectively. infect control hosp epidemiol 2016;37:717-719. | 2016 | 26880482 |
| nicotine inhibits clostridium difficile toxin a-induced colitis but not ileitis in rats. | nicotine is protective in ulcerative colitis but not crohn's disease of the small intestine, but little is known about the effects of nicotine on clostridium difficile toxin a-induced enteritis. isolated ileal or colonic segments in anesthetized rats were pretreated with nicotine bitartrate or other pharmacological agents before intraluminal injection of toxin a. after 3 hours, the treated segments were removed and inflammation was assessed. nicotine biphasically inhibited toxin a colitis but no ... | 2016 | 26881175 |
| refractory pseudomembranous colitis that was treated successfully with colonoscopic fecal microbial transplantation. | pseudomembranous colitis (pmc) is a nosocomial and opportunistic infection caused by clostridium difficile. pmc is related to the use of antibiotics leading to intestinal dysbiosis and an overgrowth of c. difficile. metronidazole or vancomycin is considered to be the standard therapy for the management of pmc. however, pmc has a 15%-30% recurrence rate and can be refractory to standard treatments, resulting in morbidity and mortality. here we describe a patient who experienced refractory pmc who ... | 2016 | 26884739 |
| hospital acquired diarrhea in a burn center of tehran. | incidence of hospital-acquired diarrhea has increased rapidly and burn patients are at high risk of getting it. infection with c. difficile is the most common cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea. the aim of this study was to determine the baseline characteristics and clinical presentation of hospital-acquired diarrhea and compare c. difficile and non-c. difficile diarrhea in burn patients treated at a burn center. | 2015 | 26885330 |
| a cumulative spore killing approach: synergistic sporicidal activity of dilute peracetic acid and ethanol at low ph against clostridium difficile and bacillus subtilis spores. | background. alcohol-based hand sanitizers are the primary method of hand hygiene in healthcare settings, but they lack activity against bacterial spores produced by pathogens such as clostridium difficile and bacillus anthracis. we previously demonstrated that acidification of ethanol induced rapid sporicidal activity, resulting in ethanol formulations with ph 1.5-2 that were as effective as soap and water washing in reducing levels of c difficile spores on hands. we hypothesized that the addit ... | 2016 | 26885539 |
| 1h, 13c, and 15n resonance assignments of an enzymatically active domain from the catalytic component (cdta, residues 216-420) of a binary toxin from clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is a bacterial pathogen and is the most commonly reported source of nosocomial infection in industrialized nations. symptoms of c. difficile infection (cdi) include antibiotic-associated diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, sepsis and death. over the last decade, rates and severity of hospital infections in north america and europe have increased dramatically and correlate with the emergence of a hypervirulent strain of c. difficile characterized by the presence of a binary ... | 2016 | 26886352 |
| clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in dialysis patients. | dialysis patients have impaired host defense mechanisms and frequently require antibiotics for various infective complications. in this study, we investigated whether dialysis patients have greater risk for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad). | 2013 | 26889434 |
| cost averted with timely fecal microbiota transplantation in the management of recurrent clostridium difficile infection in alberta, canada. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is highly effective in treating recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi). however, the ideal timing for offering fmt remains to be determined. furthermore, the direct medical costs averted with timely fmt have not been examined. | 2016 | 26890327 |
| clostridium difficile infection in ulcerative colitis: can alteration of the gut-associated microbiome contribute to pouch failure? | ulcerative colitis is frequently treated with total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis reconstruction. causes of pouch failure and criteria for improved patient selection remain poorly understood. we aimed to identify risk factors for pouch failure. | 2016 | 26891259 |
| clostridium difficile--to test or not to test? response to kundrapu et al. | 2016 | 26894624 | |
| reply to: re: the challenge of clostridium difficile infection: overview of clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools and therapeutic options. | 2016 | 26895607 | |
| impact on toxin production and cell morphology in clostridium difficile by ridinilazole (smt19969), a novel treatment for c. difficile infection. | ridinilazole (smt19969) is a narrow-spectrum, non-absorbable antimicrobial with activity against clostridium difficile undergoing clinical trials. the purpose of this study was to assess the pharmacological activity of ridinilazole and assess the effects on cell morphology. | 2016 | 26895772 |
| involvement of bacteria other than clostridium difficile in antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. | antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) is a common and unintended consequence of antibiotic use. clostridium difficile is the most common infectious aetiology of aad; however, only approximately 25% of all aad cases are associated with c. difficile infection, with the aetiology in the majority of cases remaining undetermined. numerous other bacterial infectious agents have been implicated in aad, including clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus, and klebsiella oxytoca. aad is a complex di ... | 2016 | 26897710 |
| genetic, phenotypic and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based identification of anaerobic bacteria and determination of their antimicrobial susceptibility at a university hospital in japan. | the accuracies of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and the phenotypic method using vitek 2 were compared to the accuracy of 16s rrna sequence analysis for the identification of 170 clinically isolated anaerobes. the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was also evaluated. genetic analysis identified 21 gram-positive species in 14 genera and 29 gram-negative species in 11 genera. the most frequently isolated genera were prevotella ... | 2016 | 26898667 |
| re: the challenge of clostridium difficile infection: overview of clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools and therapeutic options. | 2016 | 26899412 | |
| targeting methionyl trna synthetase: design, synthesis and antibacterial activity against clostridium difficile of novel 3-biaryl-n-benzylpropan-1-amine derivatives. | the synthesis of a series of benzimidazole-n-benzylpropan-1-amines and adenine-n-benzylpropan-1-amines is described. subsequent evaluation against two strains of the anaerobic bacterium clostridium difficile was performed with three amine derivatives displaying mic values of 16 μg/ml. molecular docking studies of the described amines determined that the amines interact within two active site pockets of c. difficile methionyl trna synthetase with methoxy substituents in the benzyl ring and an ade ... | 2016 | 26899668 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of six strategies to treat recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | to assess the cost-effectiveness of six treatment strategies for patients diagnosed with recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in canada: 1. oral metronidazole; 2. oral vancomycin; 3.oral fidaxomicin; 4. fecal transplantation by enema; 5. fecal transplantation by nasogastric tube; and 6. fecal transplantation by colonoscopy. | 2016 | 26901316 |
| clostridium difficile ileitis in a patient, after total colectomy. | this is a case of a 63-year-old, post total colectomy patient, who presented to the hospital with watery diarrhoea, abdominal cramping and fevers. on admission, the patient was haemodynamically stable and febrile. clostridium difficile pcr was sent and tested positive. ct of the abdomen revealed diffuse thickening of the distal small bowel to the level of the anastomosis and mesenteric oedema consistent with infectious enteritis. the patient was started on vancomycin orally as well as flagyl int ... | 2016 | 26903365 |
| characteristics of antimicrobial stewardship programs at veterans affairs hospitals: results of a nationwide survey. | background antimicrobial stewardship programs (asps) are variably implemented. objective to characterize variations of antimicrobial stewardship structure and practices across all inpatient veterans affairs facilities in 2012 and correlate key characteristics with antimicrobial usage. design a web-based survey regarding stewardship activities was administered to each facility's designated contact. bivariate associations between facility characteristics and inpatient antimicrobial use during 2012 ... | 2016 | 26905338 |
| intestinal microbiome disruption in patients in a long-term acute care hospital: a case for development of microbiome disruption indices to improve infection prevention. | composition and diversity of intestinal microbial communities (microbiota) are generally accepted as a risk factor for poor outcomes; however, we cannot yet use this information to prevent adverse outcomes. | 2016 | 26905790 |
| erratum to: prolonged use of a proton pump inhibitor reduces microbial diversity: implications for clostridium difficile susceptibility. | 2016 | 26905900 | |
| inflammatory bowel disease affects the outcome of fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | a significant fraction of patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infections (cdi) have inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) can break the cycle of cdi recurrence and can be performed without evaluation of the colon. we evaluated the efficacy of colonoscopic fmt in patients with and without ibd, and whether we could identify ibd in patients during this procedure. | 2016 | 26905904 |
| the risk of clostridium difficile associated diarrhea in nasogastric tube insertion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) is a major concern of public health worldwide. the risk of cdad in patients with nasogastric tube (ngt) insertion is controversial. the aim of this study was to assess the risk of incidence of cdad in patients with ngt insertion. | 2016 | 26905926 |
| clinical implications of antibiotic impact on gastrointestinal microbiota and clostridium difficile infection. | the human gastrointestinal (gi) microbiota plays an important role in human health. anaerobic bacteria prevalent in the normal colon suppress the growth of non-commensal microorganisms, thus maintaining colonic homeostasis. the gi microbiota is influenced by both patient-specific and environmental factors, particularly antibiotics. antibiotics can alter the native gi microbiota composition, leading to decreased colonization resistance and opportunistic proliferation of non-native organisms. a co ... | 2016 | 26907220 |
| clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with clostridium difficile infection by age group. | advanced age is a known risk factor of poor outcomes for colitis, including clostridium difficile infection (cdi). the present study compares the clinical outcomes of young and old patients hospitalized for cdi. | 2016 | 26907483 |
| a case of reactive arthritis due to clostridium difficile colitis. | reactive arthritis is an acute, aseptic, inflammatory arthropathy following an infectious process but removed from the site of primary infection. it is often attributed to genitourinary and enteric pathogens, such as chlamydia, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, and yersinia, in susceptible individuals. an uncommon and less recognized cause of this disease is preceding colonic infection with clostridium difficile, an organism associated with pseudomembranous colitis and diarrhea in hospitalize ... | 2016 | 26908381 |
| fecal microbiota transfer 2.0. | 2016 | 26908719 | |
| a novel microbiome therapeutic increases gut microbial diversity and prevents recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) have a ≥60% risk of relapse, as conventional therapies do not address the underlying gastrointestinal dysbiosis. this exploratory study evaluated the safety and efficacy of bacterial spores for preventing recurrent cdi. | 2016 | 26908752 |
| diagnosis of clostridium difficile infections in children. | the detection and diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection in pediatric populations have some unique considerations in comparison to testing in adults. the testing methodologies, including toxigenic culture, cell cytotoxicity, antigen detection, and, more recently, molecular testing, are the same in all age groups. however, limited data exist on the specific performance characteristics in children. in this review, we focus on the challenges of testing in pediatric populations and assess the ... | 2016 | 26912759 |
| importance of molecular methods to determine whether a probiotic is the source of lactobacillus bacteremia. | there has been an increasing interest in the use of probiotic products for the prevention of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). bio-k+(®) is a commercial probiotic product comprising three strains of lactobacilli--lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285(®), lact. casei lbc80r(®) and lact. rhamnosus clr2(®)--that have been applied to prevent cdi. generally considered as safe, lactobacilli have potential to cause bacteremia, endocarditis and other infections. the source of lactobacillus bacteremia ca ... | 2016 | 26915093 |
| a novel regulator controls clostridium difficile sporulation, motility and toxin production. | clostridium difficile is an anaerobic pathogen that forms spores which promote survival in the environment and transmission to new hosts. the regulatory pathways by which c. difficile initiates spore formation are poorly understood. we identified two factors with limited similarity to the rap sporulation proteins of other spore-forming bacteria. in this study, we show that disruption of the gene cd3668 reduces sporulation and increases toxin production and motility. this mutant was more virulent ... | 2016 | 26915493 |
| potentially hypervirulent clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 078 lineage isolates in pigs and possible implications for humans in taiwan. | clostridium difficile is a human and animal pathogen. recently, the incidence of community-acquired c. difficile infection has increased, and many studies have indicated that c. difficile might be food-borne. the correlation between c. difficile infection in humans and in animals has been a topic of debate. the objective of this study was to determine the genetic relatedness of c. difficile from human and pigs in taiwan. we investigated the molecular epidemiology of c. difficile in healthy human ... | 2016 | 26915500 |
| vancomycin treatment alters humoral immunity and intestinal microbiota in an aged mouse model of clostridium difficile infection. | the elderly host is highly susceptible to severe disease and treatment failure in clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we investigated how treatment with vancomycin in the aged host influences systemic and intestinal humoral responses and select intestinal microbiota. | 2016 | 26917573 |
| recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has become the most frequently reported health care-associated infection in the united states [1]. as the incidence of cdi rises, so too does the burden it produces on health care and society. in an attempt to decrease the burden of cdi and provide the best outcomes for patients affected by cdi, there have been many recent advancements in the understanding, diagnosis, and management of cdi. in this article, we review the current recommendations regarding cdi ... | 2016 | 26918176 |
| risk of resistant organisms and clostridium difficile with prolonged systemic antibiotic prophylaxis for central nervous system devices. | prolonged systemic antibiotic prophylaxis for central nervous system (cns) devices may be associated with increased risk of antimicrobial resistance. the primary objective of this study was to determine the impact of prolonged cns device antibiotic prophylaxis on the growth of resistant microorganisms and clostridium difficile. | 2016 | 26920907 |
| patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection presenting with sepsis do not require longer duration of antimicrobial therapy. | a recent prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial found that 4 days of antibiotics after source control of complicated intra-abdominal infections resulted in similar outcomes when compared with longer duration. we hypothesized that the subset of patients presenting with sepsis have similar outcomes when treated with the shorter course of antibiotics. | 2016 | 26920994 |
| laboratory-based strategy using a new marketed polymerase chain reaction assay to manage diarrheic episodes among patients from rehabilitation and long-term care facilities. | management of norovirus and clostridium difficile gastroenteritis is challenging for rehabilitation and long-term care facilities. we evaluated the contribution of a 2-step laboratory-based strategy, including a new ready-to-use norovirus polymerase chain reaction assay to promote isolation precautions. c difficile and norovirus were successively identified from 17% and 23% of 52 episodes of diarrhea, respectively, during the winter season, leading to 100% adequate isolation measures. in patient ... | 2016 | 26921013 |
| evaluation of an enclosed ultraviolet-c radiation device for decontamination of mobile handheld devices. | mobile handheld devices used in health care settings may become contaminated with health care-associated pathogens. we demonstrated that an enclosed ultraviolet-c radiation device was effective in rapidly reducing methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, and with longer exposure times, clostridium difficile spores, on glass slides and reducing contamination on in-use mobile handheld devices. | 2016 | 26921014 |
| environmental contamination in households of patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | recurrent clostridium difficile infection (r-cdi) is common and difficult to treat, potentially necessitating fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt). although c. difficilespores persist in the hospital environment and cause infection, little is known about their potential presence or importance in the household environment. households of r-cdi subjects in the peri-fmt period and of geographically matched and age-matched controls were analyzed for the presence ofc. difficile household environment ... | 2016 | 26921425 |
| a comparison of the gut microbiome between long-term users and non-users of proton pump inhibitors. | proton pump inhibitor (ppi) use is associated with an increased risk of clostridium difficile infection (cdi), though the mechanism is unclear. ppi induced alterations to the gut microbiome may facilitate the emergence of cdi, though the effects of ppis on gut microbiota are not well characterised. [correction added on 10 march 2016, after first online publication: microflora has been changed to microbiota throughout the article.] | 2016 | 26923470 |
| faecal microbiota transplantation-a clinical view. | faecal microbiota transplantation has gained increasing attention over the last decade as various phenotypes could be transferred from a donor to a recipient in different animal models. clinically, however, the sole indication with evidence from a randomized placebo controlled trial is refractory clostridium difficile infection. despite revealing successful clinical outcomes, questions concerning regulatory affairs, the identification of the best donor, the optimal mixture of the transplant as w ... | 2016 | 26924753 |
| letter to the editor: the surge of type 2 diabetes mellitus in china - an international alert: physical exercise and low-caloric diet may reduce the risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus and dementia. | the prevalence of diabetes in china has surged from 0.67% before 1980 to 11.6% currently. it is even higher than the prevalence in the united states. certainly, china's economic open-ups, improving living standard, and modernization have propagated the surge. from a traditional public-health point of view, increased food intake and decreased exercise were the main contributors. a new knowledge of colon microbiota could be applied to provide a second harvest of food energy; for example, large mol ... | 2016 | 26927355 |
| evaluation of two raw diets vs a commercial cooked diet on feline growth. | objectives the objective of this study was to determine if two raw feline diets were nutritionally adequate for kittens. methods twenty-four 9-week-old kittens underwent an association of american feed control officials' (aafco) 10 week growth feeding trial with two raw diet groups and one cooked diet group (eight kittens in each). morphometric measurements (weight, height and length), complete blood counts, serum chemistry, whole blood taurine and fecal cultures were evaluated. results overall, ... | 2017 | 26927818 |
| predicting all-cause readmissions using electronic health record data from the entire hospitalization: model development and comparison. | incorporating clinical information from the full hospital course may improve prediction of 30-day readmissions. | 2016 | 26929062 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation: in perspective. | there has been increasing interest in understanding the role of the human gut microbiome to elucidate the therapeutic potential of its manipulation. fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is the administration of a solution of fecal matter from a donor into the intestinal tract of a recipient in order to directly change the recipient's gut microbial composition and confer a health benefit. fmt has been used to successfully treat recurrent clostridium difficile infection. there are preliminary in ... | 2016 | 26929784 |
| the never-ending struggle with laboratory testing for clostridium difficile infection. | 2016 | 26930504 | |
| therapies on the horizon for clostridium difficile infections. | clostridium difficile infections are a leading cause of healthcare facility outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness that may have serious complications and a high rate of recurrent disease. despite the availability of standard antibiotic treatments, data from national surveillance programs indicate that the incidence of this disease continues to increase, placing a heavy burden on healthcare systems. new emerging strategies are being tested to replace or augment these standard antibiotics. | 2016 | 26934513 |
| predictors of fecal transplant failure. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a significant healthcare burden, with increased morbidity and mortality. traditional treatment regimens using antibiotics for recurrent cdi are significantly less successful compared with 80-90% with fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt). there is a paucity of data on failure rates and mortality after fmt in cdi. this study aims to identify the rates of failure, relapse, and mortality associated with fmt as well as the risk factors for fmt failure. | 2016 | 26934528 |
| bacterial contamination of computer touch screens. | the goal of this study was to determine the occurrence of opportunistic bacterial pathogens on the surfaces of computer touch screens used in hospitals and grocery stores. opportunistic pathogenic bacteria were isolated on touch screens in hospitals; clostridium difficile and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus and in grocery stores; methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. enteric bacteria were more common on grocery store touch screens than on hospital computer touch screens. | 2016 | 26940596 |
| colorectal surgery in patients with hiv and aids: trends and outcomes over a 10-year period in the usa. | hiv has become a chronic disease, which may render this population more prone to developing the colorectal pathologies that typically affect older americans. | 2016 | 26940943 |
| cronkhite-canada syndrome: a rare cause of chronic diarrhoea in a young man. | a young indian man presented with nine-month history of chronic diarrhea, occasionally mixed with blood and intermittent colicky abdominal pain. he also complained of generalized body swelling for the last three months. on examination, he had diffuse hyperpigmentation of the skin and dystrophic nail changes. upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed multiple sessile polyps in the stomach, small bowel, and colon and rectum. biopsy of polyps showed adenomatous changes with stromal edema ... | 2016 | 26941798 |
| hospital clostridium difficile infection (cdi) incidence as a risk factor for hospital-associated cdi. | environmental risk factors for clostridium difficile infections (cdis) have been described at the room or unit level but not the hospital level. to understand the environmental risk factors for cdi, we investigated the association between institutional- and individual-level cdi. | 2016 | 26944007 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection: the patient experience. | although effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has been adequately documented, the patient experience of undergoing fmt has not. | 2016 | 26944009 |
| clostridium difficile infections: analysis of recurrence in an area with low prevalence of 027 strain. | 2016 | 26944905 | |
| efficacy of two hydrogen peroxide vapour aerial decontamination systems for enhanced disinfection of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae and clostridium difficile in single isolation rooms. | hydrogen peroxide vapour (hpv) disinfection systems are being used to reduce patients' exposure to hospital pathogens in the environment. hpv whole-room aerial disinfection systems may vary in terms of operating concentration and mode of delivery. | 2016 | 26944907 |
| clostridium difficile infection after restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) of the ileal pouch following restorative proctocolectomy (rpc) is becoming increasingly recognized. we aimed to understand better (i) the associated risk factors, (ii) treatment practices and (iii) the pouch diversion and failure rate in patients who developed cdi of the pouch after rpc for ulcerative colitis (uc). | 2016 | 26945555 |
| improving the reproducibility of the nap1/b1/027 epidemic strain r20291 in the hamster model of infection. | comparative analysis of the clostridium difficile bi/nap1/027 strain r20291 and clostron-derived ermb mutants in the hamster infection model are compromised by the clindamycin susceptibility of the parent. mutants can appear more virulent. we have rectified this anomaly by genome engineering. the variant created (crg20291) represents an ideal control strain for virulence assays of clostron mutants. | 2016 | 26946361 |
| [fulminant clostridium difficile colitis]. | 2016 | 26947736 | |
| the discovery of a novel antibiotic for the treatment of clostridium difficile infections: a story of an effective academic-industrial partnership. | academic drug discovery is playing an increasingly important role in the identification of new therapies for a wide range of diseases. there is no one model that guarantees success. we describe here a drug discovery story where chance, the ability to capitalise on chance, and the assembling of a range of expertise, have all played important roles in the discovery and subsequent development of an antibiotic chemotype based on the bis-benzimidazole scaffold, with potency against a number of curren ... | 2015 | 26949507 |
| alterations in the mucosa-associated bacterial composition in crohn's disease: a pilot study. | changes in the intestinal bacterial composition seem to play a major role in the pathogenesis and in the clinical course of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd), which consist of crohn's disease (cd), and ulcerative colitis (uc). mutations in the nod2 gene are the most important genetic risk factors for the development of cd. in this study, the association between mucosal biopsies and the mucosa-associated bacterial composition from cd and uc patients regarding their genetic risk factors (mutations ... | 2016 | 26951181 |
| [clostridium difficile are on the rise]. | 2015 | 26953476 | |
| percutaneously drained intra-abdominal infections do not require longer duration of antimicrobial therapy. | the length of antimicrobial therapy in complicated intra-abdominal infections (ciais) is controversial. a recent prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial found that 4 days of antimicrobial therapy after source control of ciai resulted in similar outcomes when compared with longer duration. we sought to examine whether outcomes remain similar in the subpopulation who received percutaneous drainage for source control of ciai. | 2016 | 26953758 |
| high variability in nosocomial clostridium difficile infection rates across hospitals after colorectal resection. | hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection is associated with adverse patient outcomes and high medical costs. the incidence and severity of c. difficile has been rising in both medical and surgical patients. | 2016 | 26953991 |
| toxin immunoassays and clostridium difficile infection. | 2016 | 26954047 | |
| toxin immunoassays and clostridium difficile infection. | 2016 | 26954049 | |
| toxin immunoassays and clostridium difficile infection. | 2016 | 26954050 | |
| toxin immunoassays and clostridium difficile infection-reply. | 2016 | 26954051 | |
| impact of evidence-based guidelines on outcomes of hospitalized patients with clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most common healthcare-associated infection in the united states. clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of cdi were updated in 2010 by the society for healthcare epidemiology of america and the infectious diseases society of america. an institutional guideline for the classification and management of cdi in accordance with the 2010 society for healthcare epidemiology of america/infectious diseases society of america guideline was developed an ... | 2016 | 26954650 |