Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| optimising gut colonisation resistance against clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is the dominant cause of pseudomembranous colitis in nosocomial environments. c. difficile infection (cdi) generally affects elderly (≥65 years of age) hospital inpatients who have received broad-spectrum antimicrobial treatment. cdi has a 30 % risk of re-infection and a subsequent 60 % risk of relapse thereafter, leading to a high economic burden of over 7 billion pounds sterling and over 900,000 cases in the usa and europe per annum. with the long-term consequences of fae ... | 2015 | 26354525 |
| molecular and culture-based diagnosis of clostridium difficile isolates from côte d'ivoire after prolonged storage at disrupted cold chain conditions. | although clostridium difficile is a major cause of diarrhoea, its epidemiology in tropical settings is poorly understood. strain characterisation requires work-up in specialised laboratories, often after prolonged storage without properly maintained cold chain. | 2015 | 26354793 |
| infection with toxin a-negative, toxin b-negative, binary toxin-positive clostridium difficile in a young patient with ulcerative colitis. | large clostridial toxin-negative, binary toxin-positive (a(-) b(-) cdt(+)) strains of clostridium difficile are almost never associated with clinically significant c. difficile infection (cdi), possibly because such strains are not detected by most diagnostic methods. we report the isolation of an a(-) b(-) cdt(+) ribotype 033 (rt033) strain of c. difficile from a young patient with ulcerative colitis and severe diarrhea. | 2015 | 26354812 |
| usefulness of adjunctive fecal calprotectin and serum procalcitonin in individuals positive for clostridium difficile toxin gene by pcr assay. | in 54/64 subjects with nosocomial diarrhea, fecal calprotectin levels correlated with the results of stool samples tested for clostridium difficile toxin gene by pcr. fecal calprotectin levels can be used as an adjunctive measure to pcr to support the diagnosis of c. difficile infection. | 2015 | 26354814 |
| notice to readers: the effect of falsified clostridium difficile infections surveillance data on results reported in mmwr. | in 2012, mmwr published the report, "vital signs: preventing clostridium difficile infections," which examined clostridium difficile infection (cdi) surveillance data. this report contained several errors pertaining to emerging infections program (eip) data. these errors occurred as a result of scientific misconduct by a former employee of the oregon health authority. the public health service office of research integrity has determined that the former employee falsified or fabricated data for 5 ... | 2015 | 26355659 |
| errata: vol. 61, no. 9. | in the report, "vital signs: preventing clostridium difficile infections," published in 2012, several errors occurred in the text and in a figure title and alternate text. a notice to readers about this report has been published in this issue of mmwr. | 2015 | 26355734 |
| association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | 2015 | 26359624 | |
| prevalence and molecular types of clostridium difficile isolates from faecal specimens of patients in a tertiary care centre. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) leads to considerable morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. faecal specimens from 1110 hospitalized patients suspected for cdi were cultured for isolation of c. difficile and characterization of virulence genes. pcr was carried out for toxigenic genes tcda, tcdb, cdta and cdtb and pcr-rflp for flic and slpa genes. of 174 (15.7%) c. difficile isolates, 121 (69.5%) were toxigenic, amongst which 68 (56.2%) also had both tcda and tcdb genes. the r ... | 2015 | 26361995 |
| antimicrobial stewardship from policy to practice: experiences from uk antimicrobial pharmacists. | antimicrobial stewardship in the uk has evolved dramatically in the last 15 years. factors driving this include initial central funding for specialist pharmacists and mandatory reductions in healthcare-associated infections (particularly clostridium difficile infection). more recently, the introduction of national stewardship guidelines, and an increased focus on stewardship as part of the uk five-year antimicrobial resistance strategy, have accelerated and embedded developments. antimicrobial p ... | 2015 | 26362295 |
| utilization and impact of a pulsed-xenon ultraviolet room disinfection system and multidisciplinary care team on clostridium difficile in a long-term acute care facility. | health care-associated transmission of clostridium difficile has been well documented in long-term acute care facilities. this article reports on 2 interventions aimed at reducing the transmission risk: multidisciplinary care teams and no-touch pulsed-xenon disinfection. c difficile transmission rates were tracked over a 39-month period while these 2 interventions were implemented. after a baseline period of 1 year, multidisciplinary teams were implemented for an additional 1-year period with a ... | 2015 | 26362699 |
| [candidemia subsequent to clostridium difficile infection: direct relationship or coincidence?]. | 2017 | 26364120 | |
| [clostridium difficile infection - an update]. | clostridium difficile infection represents a severe illness which very often results in emergency surgery, intensive care unit stay or death. although standard treatment procedures are well known and seem to be sufficient at the first glance, there is need for improvement of therapy guidelines due to high rates of recurrences or treatment failures. this article suggests some adjustments so far without claiming to be a complete review of all new development in this area. on the one hand, the rece ... | 2015 | 26364372 |
| risk of organism acquisition from prior room occupants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the risk of pathogen acquisition for patients associated with prior room occupancy. the analysis was also broadened to examine any differences in acquisition risk between gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. a search using medline/pubmed, cochrane and cinhal yielded 2577 citations between 1984 and 2014. reviews were assessed in accordance with the international prospective register of systematic reviews (prospero). just seven ... | 2015 | 26365827 |
| diarrhea with clostridium difficile-positive stool-trick or treat: a teachable moment. | 2015 | 26368062 | |
| management of mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis. | managing mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis on the first view appears to be a simple task. however, real life often proofs the opposite and creates a challenging situation. in theory, mild-to-moderate disease should be sufficiently treated by mesalamine or alternatively by a probiotic. insufficient treatment comprises the danger of leading to a flare, and hence, an exacerbation of the entire disease, with risk of progressing to severe disease. what are the considerations with regard to patient ... | 2015 | 26368795 |
| [toxic megacolon]. | toxic megacolon constitutes a feared, life-threatening complication of severe intestinal inflammation and is a challenge for interdisciplinary medical care. | 2015 | 26369529 |
| comparative effectiveness of single versus combination antibiotic prophylaxis for infections after transrectal prostate biopsy. | an increase in fluoroquinolone resistance and transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate (trus) biopsy infections has prompted the need for alternative effective antibiotic prophylaxis. we aimed to compare ciprofloxacin and other single-agent therapies to combination therapy for efficacy and adverse effects. men who underwent a trus biopsy within the va boston health care system with documented receipt of prophylactic antibiotics periprocedure were eligible for inclusion. postprocedure infections wi ... | 2015 | 26369958 |
| decrease in surgery for clostridium difficile infection after starting a program to transplant fecal microbiota. | 2015 | 26370022 | |
| correction: defined nutrient diets alter susceptibility to clostridium difficile associated disease in a murine model. | 2015 | 26372249 | |
| letter: faecal microbiota transplantation in combination with fidaxomicin to treat severe complicated recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 26374258 | |
| letter: faecal microbiota transplantation in combination with fidaxomicin to treat severe complicated recurrent clostridium difficile infection--authors' reply. | 2015 | 26374259 | |
| faecal microbiota characterisation of horses using 16 rdna barcoded pyrosequencing, and carriage rate of clostridium difficile at hospital admission. | the equine faecal microbiota is very complex and remains largely unknown, while interspecies interactions have an important contribution to animal health. clostridium difficile has been identified as an important cause of diarrhoea in horses. this study provides further information on the nature of the bacterial communities present in horses developing an episode of diarrhoea. the prevalence of c. difficile in hospitalised horses at the time of admission is also reported. | 2015 | 26377067 |
| diagnostic yield of repeat sampling with immunoassay, real-time pcr, and toxigenic culture for the detection of toxigenic clostridium difficile in an epidemic and a non-epidemic setting. | current international guidelines lack definite conclusions regarding repeat stool sampling for the detection of toxigenic clostridium difficile. we assessed the value of repeat sampling and compared the diagnostic yield in an epidemic to a non-epidemic setting. consecutive fecal samples obtained during two time frames were analyzed using direct stool immunoassay toxin testing (enzyme immunoassay [eia]), direct stool real-time pcr toxin gene testing, and toxigenic culture. samples collected withi ... | 2015 | 26377204 |
| successful treatment of peritoneal dialysis catheter-related polymicrobial peritonitis involving clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens and the cause of pseudomembranous colitis in cases of prior antimicrobial exposure. extraintestinal manifestations of c. difficile are uncommon and rarely reported. we report the first successfully treated case of catheter-related c. difficile peritonitis in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis. | 2015 | 26378285 |
| fever and cardiac arrest in a patient with a left ventricular assist device. | a 68-year-old avid deer hunter with ischemic cardiomyopathy underwent left ventricular assist device (lvad) implantation for destination therapy two years ago. he was living an active lifestyle, tracking deer and fishing in a midwestern forest in november. his wife removed an engorged tick on his thorax. a few days later, he experienced fever, confusion, and ataxia and was hospitalized with septic shock and ventricular fibrillation. the lvad site had no signs of trauma, drainage, warmth, or tend ... | 2015 | 26380334 |
| prebiotic preferences of human lactobacilli strains in co-culture with bifidobacteria and antimicrobial activity against clostridium difficile. | to evaluate robustness, prebiotic utilization of lactobacillus paracasei f8 and lactobacillus plantarum f44 in mono- and co-cultures with bifidobacterium breve 46 and bifidobacterium animalis sub sp. lactis 8 : 8 and antimicrobial activity of co-culture against clostridium difficile. | 2015 | 26381324 |
| identification of key taxa that favor intestinal colonization of clostridium difficile in an adult chinese population. | fecal microbial transplantation provides a high curative rate for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). however, limitations associated with fmt drive the need to identify key taxa for selective probiotic therapy for prevention, treatment and cure of human cdi. cdi-associated changes in gut microbiota were investigated in adult patients in the western countries and among infant population in china. however, there has been no such study involving adult patients in china. therefore, usi ... | 2016 | 26383014 |
| clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in children due to hypervirulent strains pcr-ribotype 027: an emblematic report of two cases. | in this report, the first two cases of pediatric clostridium difficile infection (cdi) due to the hypervirulent pcr-ribotype 027 in italy are described as emblematic of the role of both the infecting c. difficile strain and patient status in the occurrence and clinical manifestation of cdi in children. | 2015 | 26385433 |
| in vitro augmented photodynamic bactericidal activity of tetracycline and chitosan against clostridium difficile kctc5009 in the planktonic cultures. | infection with clostridium difficile (c. difficile) causes a severe colitis with high recurrence. treatment of c. difficile infection (cdi) is based on antibiotics in spite of the increase of resistance. to interrupt the vicious cycles such as new antibiotics treatment and appearance of resistance strains, photodynamic therapy (pdt) might be a possible alternative therapy for cdi. tetracycline (tc) has been used as a broad spectrum antibiotic with low risk of cdi and a photosensitizer (ps) in pd ... | 2015 | 26386640 |
| quantifying the exposure to antibiotic-resistant pathogens among patients discharged from a single hospital across all california healthcare facilities. | to assess the time-dependent exposure of california healthcare facilities to patients harboring methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae, and clostridium difficile infection (cdi) upon discharge from 1 hospital. | 2015 | 26387690 |
| a comprehensive assessment across the healthcare continuum: risk of hospital-associated clostridium difficile infection due to outpatient and inpatient antibiotic exposure. | limitations in sample size, overly inclusive antibiotic classes, lack of adjustment of key risk variables, and inadequate assessment of cases contribute to widely ranging estimates of risk factors for clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | 2015 | 26387888 |
| [multidrug-resistant organisms and c. difficile in munich acute-care clinics: results from a point prevalence study of clinical routine data]. | to combat multidrug resistant organisms (mrdos), networks have been established all over germany. here we show here how those networks can survey the prevalence of mrdos and c. difficile (cd), as well as structure data (e.g. staffing with hygiene control personnel), with reasonable efforts. we conducted a questionnaire-based point prevalence survey in may 2012. the prevalence (colonisation or infection) of inpatient cases with methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), vancomycin resistant s. aureu ... | 2015 | 26391097 |
| bilateral cellulitis. | we present a case of bilateral lesions in a 50-year-old man, which were on first impression mistaken for and initially treated as bilateral cellulitis. we propose that bilateral cellulitis, as opposed to unilateral, is rare and that other aetiologies should be considered in evaluating a patient with bilateral lesions. the differential diagnosis includes stasis-dermatitis, lipodermatosclerosis, lymphoedema and vascular lesions such as kaposi sarcoma, as was identified in this case. early consulta ... | 2015 | 26392449 |
| using a novel lysin to help control clostridium difficile infections. | as a consequence of excessive antibiotic therapies in hospitalized patients, clostridium difficile, a gram-positive anaerobic spore-forming intestinal pathogen, is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and colitis. drug treatments for these diseases are often complicated by antibiotic-resistant strains and a high frequency of treatment failures and relapse; therefore, novel nonantibiotic approaches may prove to be more effective. in this study, we recombinantly expressed a prophage lys ... | 2015 | 26392484 |
| the role of procalcitonin levels in assessing the severity of clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 26392722 | |
| cadazolid: a new hope in the treatment of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a potential life-threatening consequence of antibiotic therapy. although the risk increases with duration of treatment, it can also occur after a short treatment course. in addition to broad-spectrum antibiotics, anti-neoplastic agents, proton pump inhibitors, h(2) blockers, and several other drugs have been reported to induce intestinal dysbiosis, which is central to the pathogenesis of cdi. there is an increase in incidence and mortality attributed to c ... | 2015 | 26392822 |
| isolation and characterization of clostridium difficile from pet dogs in assam, india. | one hundred and seventeen faecal samples from pet dogs (pup = 21 and adult = 96) brought for treatment to a veterinary clinic were examined for clostridium difficile. a total of 16 (13.67%) samples were positive. nine (56.25%) isolates were obtained from 17 adult dogs undergoing antibiotic treatment and this was significantly higher (p < 0.01) as compared to isolates from dogs without antibiotic treatment. ten isolates (62.5%) were toxigenic (all toxinotype 0) and six were non-toxigenic. none of ... | 2015 | 26393292 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is a problem most hospital-based physicians will face in their career. this review aims to refresh current knowledge with regard to clostridium difficile infection and bring physicians up to date with the latest developments in the growing field of fecal microbiota transplantation, the benefits it offers, and the promise this and other developments hold for the future. | 2015 | 26394495 |
| mechanisms of ricin toxin neutralization revealed through engineered homodimeric and heterodimeric camelid antibodies. | novel antibody constructs consisting of two or more different camelid heavy-chain only antibodies (vhhs) joined via peptide linkers have proven to have potent toxin-neutralizing activity in vivo against shiga, botulinum, clostridium difficile, anthrax, and ricin toxins. however, the mechanisms by which these so-called bispecific vhh heterodimers promote toxin neutralization remain poorly understood. in the current study we produced a new collection of ricin-specific vhh heterodimers, as well as ... | 2015 | 26396190 |
| antibiotic therapy and clostridium difficile infection - primum non nocere - first do no harm. | treatment options for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) remain limited despite this usually nosocomial infection posing an urgent threat to public health. a major paradox of the management of cdi is the use of antimicrobial agents to treat infection, which runs the risk of prolonged gut microbiota perturbation and so recurrence of infection. here, we explore alternative cdi treatment and prevention options currently available or in development. notably, strategies that aim to reduce the nega ... | 2015 | 26396535 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation in gastrointestinal diseases: what practicing physicians should know. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is one of the most commonly reported nosocomial pathogens in the united states and europe, with recent cdi-associated mortality in the united states approaching 30 000 deaths annually. antibiotics remain the preferred treatment for cdi; however, a minority of patients experience numerous relapses and are treated with restoration of the bowel microbiota, termed fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt). fmt involves the introduction of a fecal suspension from a ... | 2015 | 26397161 |
| [acute respiratory distress syndrome due to clostridium difficile colitis: a case report and review of the literature]. | clostridium difficile is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. we report a patient with complicated clostridium difficile infection (cdi) who developed rapidly progressive acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards), for which cdi was the only identifiable source. cdi should be considered in the differential diagnosis for anyone with diarrhea who presents especially in high-risk groups such as the elderly, hospitalized patients, or those who have had a history of cdi. | 2017 | 26397285 |
| a bedside test for clostridium difficile infection: an emergency department use. preliminary results. | clostridium difficile (cd) infection is a severe cause of diarrhea in patients with prolonged hospitalization and/or previously treated with antibiotics. cd's a and b toxins are responsible for either diarrhea or septical status as well as other complications including toxic megacolon. toxins isolation, usually performed by a central microbiological laboratory (cml), is mandatory for the final diagnosis of the disease. the clinical suspect of cd infection (cdi) results in the isolation of the pa ... | 2015 | 26400518 |
| a small-molecule antivirulence agent for treating clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a worldwide health threat that is typically triggered by the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which disrupt the natural gut microbiota and allow this gram-positive anaerobic pathogen to thrive. the increased incidence and severity of disease coupled with decreased response, high recurrence rates, and emergence of multiple antibiotic-resistant strains have created an urgent need for new therapies. we describe pharmacological targeting of the cysteine pro ... | 2015 | 26400909 |
| gastro-hepatic fistula with liver abscess: a rare complication of a common procedure. | percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (peg) is a procedure used most commonly for enteral access for nutrition and continuation of treatment in patients when oral nutrition is not possible. it is a safe, cost-effective procedure; however, has its own complications and adverse effects that can be life threatening. | 2015 | 26402902 |
| outcome of relapsing clostridium difficile infections do not correlate with virulence-, spore- and vegetative cell-associated phenotypes. | one of the main clinical challenges of clostridium difficile infections (cdi) is the high rate of relapse episodes. the main determinants involved in relapse of cdi include the presence of antibiotic-resistant c. difficile spores in the colonic environment and a permanent state of dysbiosis of the microbiota caused by antibiotic therapy. a possible scenario is that phenotypes related to the persistence of c. difficile spores might contribute to relapsing infections. in this study, 8 c. difficile ... | 2015 | 26403333 |
| clostridium difficile infection in the pediatric transplant patient. | cdis are on the rise in both hospital and community settings in adults and children. children with cancer or a history of hsct or sot appear to be at higher risk for primary disease, recurrent disease, and severe outcomes when compared to children with other comorbidities. the reasons for this are not clear and no studies to date have analyzed risk factors for cdi in pediatric transplant patients. colonization rates in children with cancer and a transplant history are also high. determining whic ... | 2015 | 26403484 |
| dentists, antibiotics and clostridium difficile-associated disease. | dentists prescribe significant volumes of antimicrobial drugs within primary care settings. there is good evidence that many of the prescriptions are not justified by current clinical guidance and that that there is considerable misuse of these drugs in dentistry. one of the risks associated with antibiotic administration is clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad), an entity of which many healthcare workers, including dentists, have little knowledge or understanding. this review seeks to ... | 2015 | 26404991 |
| healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infections and strain diversity in pediatric hospitals in the canadian nosocomial infection surveillance program, 2007-2011. | children with healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection were identified. the incidence increased from 3.2/10,000 patient days in 2007 to 5.2/10,000 patient days in 2011 (p < 0.001). of 169 isolates, the most common north american pulsed-field (nap) types were nap4 (n = 43; (25.4%), and nap1 (n = 25;14.8%) while 55 (32.6%) were non-assigned nap types. | 2015 | 26407250 |
| comparison of whole-genome sequencing and molecular-epidemiological techniques for clostridium difficile strain typing. | we analyzed in parallel 27 pediatric clostridium difficile isolates by repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (reppcr), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and whole-genome next-generation sequencing. next-generation sequencing distinguished 3 groups of isolates that were indistinguishable by reppcr and 1 isolate that clustered in the same pfge group as other isolates. | 2016 | 26407257 |
| economic assessment of fidaxomicin for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in special populations (patients with cancer, concomitant antibiotic treatment or renal impairment) in spain. | the objective of this paper was to assess the cost-utility of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin in the treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in three specific cdi patient subgroups: those with cancer, treated with concomitant antibiotic therapy or with renal impairment. a markov model with six health states was developed to assess the cost-utility of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin in the patient subgroups over a period of 1 year from initial infection. cost and outcome data used to param ... | 2015 | 26407619 |
| case report of gastric outlet obstruction from metastatic lobular breast carcinoma. | the most common malignancy to cause gastric outlet obstruction is primary gastric adenocarcinoma and it is followed by carcinoma of the pancreas and gallbladder. herein, we report a case of gastric outlet obstruction secondary to metastatic lobular breast carcinoma. | 2015 | 26408025 |
| pcr cycle threshold value predicts the course of clostridium difficile infection. | 2016 | 26408277 | |
| fecal transplant is as effective and safe in immunocompromised as non-immunocompromised patients for clostridium difficile. | 2016 | 26410257 | |
| fecal microbiota transplantation in gastrointestinal disease: 2015 update and the road ahead. | at its height, the clostridium difficile infection epidemic caused approximately 7000 infections and 300 deaths per day in the usa. fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has demonstrated extraordinary clinical resolution, c. difficile infection cure rates of over 90%, and low recurrence. in tandem with the rise of fmt, the gastrointestinal microbiome has emerged as a 'vital' organ armed with a wealth of microbe 'soldiers' more powerful than known antibiotics. fmts' reputation has diffused into ... | 2015 | 26414076 |
| necrotizing fasciitis and the diabetic foot. | necrotizing fasciitis (nf) represents a rapidly progressive, life-threatening infection involving skin, soft tissue, and deep fascia. an early diagnosis is crucial to treat nf effectively. the disease is generally due to an external trauma that occurs in predisposed patients: the most important risk factor is represented by diabetes mellitus. nf is classified into 3 different subtypes according to bacterial strains responsible: type 1 associated to polymicrobial infection, type 2 nf, generally a ... | 2015 | 26415868 |
| periodontal-disease-associated biofilm: a reservoir for pathogens of medical importance. | the ecological diversity of the periodontal microenvironment may provide suitable conditions for the colonization of species not usually considered members of the oral microbiota. in this investigation, we aimed to determine the prevalence and levels of pathogenic species of medical relevance in the microbiota of individuals with distinct periodontal clinical status. subgingival biofilm was obtained from patients with periodontal health (h, n = 81), gingivitis (g, n = 55), generalized aggressive ... | 2016 | 26416306 |
| effect of geographic region and seasonality on clostridium difficile incidence and hospital mortality. | 2015 | 26416527 | |
| striving for optimal care: updates in quality, value, and patient experience. | hospitalists are playing a growing role in quality improvement efforts, and they are increasingly spearheading programs to improve patient experience and healthcare value. we aimed to summarize and critique recent research related to quality, value, and patient experience in the clinical practice of hospital medicine. | 2016 | 26417871 |
| minimal systemic and high faecal exposure to cadazolid in patients with severe clostridium difficile infection. | cadazolid is under development as an oral treatment for clostridium difficile infection (cdi), which is the most common infectious cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. low systemic cadazolid exposures were previously reported in healthy subjects following both single and multiple oral dosing. the main objective of this study was to investigate systemic cadazolid exposure in patients with severe cdi with potential disrupted lining of the gastrointestinal tract. a single 3000 mg oral dose of ... | 2015 | 26419191 |
| recombinant bacterial lipoproteins as vaccine candidates. | recombinant bacterial lipoproteins (rlp) with built-in immuno-stimulating properties for novel subunit vaccine development are reviewed. this platform technology offers the following advantages: easily converts antigens into highly immunogenic rlp using a fusion sequence containing lipobox; the lipid moiety of rlp is recognized as the danger signals in the immune system through the toll-like receptor 2, so both innate and adaptive immune responses can be induced by rlp; serves as an efficient an ... | 2015 | 26420467 |
| localizing carbohydrate binding sites in proteins using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. | the application of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (hdx-ms) to localize ligand binding sites in carbohydrate-binding proteins is described. proteins from three bacterial toxins, the b subunit homopentamers of cholera toxin and shiga toxin type 1 and a fragment of clostridium difficile toxin a, and their interactions with native carbohydrate receptors, gm1 pentasaccharides (β-gal-(1→3)-β-galnac-(1→4)[α-neu5ac-(2→3)]-β-gal-(1→4)-glc), pk trisaccharide (α-gal-(1→4)-β-gal-(1→4)-glc) an ... | 2016 | 26423923 |
| rising incidence of clostridium difficile related discharges among hospitalized children in the united states. | using a national database, we report an increasing trend in clostridium difficile incidence among hospitalized children in the united states from 2003 to 2012. the incidence rate of cdi increased from 24.0 to 58.0 per 10,000 discharges per year (p<0.001) across all age groups, with the greatest increase in children 15 years and older. infect. control hosp. epidemiol. 2015;37(1):104-106. | 2016 | 26424193 |
| hand hygiene: knowledge and attitudes of fourth-year clerkship medical students at alfaisal university, college of medicine, riyadh, saudi arabia. | little is known about the clerkship (clinical) medical students' knowledge of hand hygiene as the single most important precautionary measure to reduce nosocomial healthcare-associated infections. the aim of this study is to explore the knowledge of, and attitudes towards, hand hygiene practices among fourth-year clerkship medical students at alfaisal university, college of medicine, riyadh, saudi arabia. | 2015 | 26430584 |
| recurrent clostridium difficile infection in intensive care unit patients. | the purpose of this study was to assess the 12-week cumulative incidence of recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi) and identify risk factors for rcdi in patients that acquired index c difficile infection (cdi) while in the intensive care unit (icu). | 2016 | 26432184 |
| faecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent clostridium difficile infection: recommendations from the french group of faecal microbiota transplantation. | faecal microbiota transplantation is effective for treating recurrent forms of clostridium difficile infection and its use in this indication is recommended in the most recent european and north american guidelines. in this context, faecal microbiota transplantation is beginning to be performed in france in clinical practice, while the rules governing this procedure have been defined in france only for clinical trials. to unify, secure, and evaluate practice in this field in france, the french g ... | 2016 | 26433619 |
| susceptibility of clostridium difficile isolates from a phase 2 clinical trial of cadazolid and vancomycin in c. difficile infection. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibilities of clostridium difficile isolates to cadazolid, a novel antibiotic for the treatment of c. difficile infection. | 2016 | 26433782 |
| monitoring in real time the cytotoxic effect of clostridium difficile upon the intestinal epithelial cell line ht29. | the incidence and severity of clostridium difficile infections (cdi) has been increased not only among hospitalized patients, but also in healthy individuals traditionally considered as low risk population. current treatment of cdi involves the use of antibiotics to eliminate the pathogen, although recurrent relapses have also been reported. for this reason, the search of new antimicrobials is a very active area of research. the strategy to use inhibitors of toxin's activity has however been les ... | 2015 | 26436983 |
| slow intestinal transit contributes to elevate urinary p-cresol level in italian autistic children. | the uremic toxin p-cresol (4-methylphenol) is either of environmental origin or can be synthetized from tyrosine by cresol-producing bacteria present in the gut lumen. elevated p-cresol amounts have been previously found in the urines of italian and french autism spectrum disorder (asd) children up until 8 years of age, and may be associated with autism severity or with the intensity of abnormal behaviors. this study aims to investigate the mechanism producing elevated urinary p-cresol in asd. u ... | 2016 | 26437875 |
| clostridium difficile recurrent infection: possible implication of ta systems. | clostridium difficile is an important nosocomial pathogen associated with antibiotic treatments. c. difficile's ability to survive antimicrobial therapy and transition from inert colonization to active infection is one of the most perplexing aspects of c. difficile infections and suggests that additional mechanisms are involved in persistence. in this regard, novel mechanisms linked with pathogenesis and persistence of c. difficile such as toxin-antitoxin systems might significantly contribute t ... | 2015 | 26439907 |
| clostridium difficile infection in patients with liver disease: a review. | over the past two decades, there has been a dramatic worldwide increase in both the incidence and severity of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). paralleling the increased incidence of cdi in the general population, there has been increased interest in cdi among patients with liver disease, particularly in those with liver cirrhosis and post liver transplantation. medline and several other electronic databases from january 1995 to december 2014 were searched in order to identify potentially r ... | 2015 | 26440041 |
| isolation and characterization of clostridium difficile in farm animals from slaughterhouse to retail stage in isfahan, iran. | to determine the prevalence of clostridium difficile in farm animals from slaughterhouse through to retail stage, a total of 750 samples of feces, posteviscerated and washed carcass were collected from cattle, camels, goats, and sheep in isfahan, iran. the overall prevalence of c. difficile in feces, posteviscerated and washed carcass were 20 (13.3%), 23 (15.3%), and 11 (7.3%), respectively; while c. difficile was isolated from 79 (26.3%) retail samples. twenty-nine (3.8%) isolates were toxigeni ... | 2015 | 26440207 |
| on lactococcus lactis ul719 competitivity and nisin (nisaplin(®)) capacity to inhibit clostridium difficile in a model of human colon. | clostridium difficile is the most frequently identified enteric pathogen in patients with nosocomially acquired, antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. although metronidazole and vancomycin were effective, an increasing number of treatment failures and recurrence of c. difficile infection are being reported. use of probiotics, particularly metabolically active lactic acid bacteria, was recently proposed as an alternative for the medical community. the aim of this study was ... | 2015 | 26441942 |
| integration of erm(b)-containing elements through large chromosome fragment exchange in clostridium difficile. | in clostridium difficile, erm(b) genes are located on mobile elements like tn5398 and tn6215. in previous studies, some of these elements were transferred by conjugation-like mechanisms, mobilized in trans by helper conjugative systems. in this study, we analyzed the genomes of several recipient strains that acquired either tn5398 or tn6215-like elements. we demonstrated that the integration of the transposons in the genome of the recipient cell was always due to homologous recombination events, ... | 2017 | 26442177 |
| scientific evidence for health effects attributed to the consumption of probiotics and prebiotics: an update for current perspectives and future challenges. | probiotics and prebiotics, mainly commercialised as food ingredients and also as supplements, are considered highly profitable niche markets. however, in recent years, the food industry has suffered from a series of health claim restrictions on probiotics and prebiotics in many parts of the world, including those made by the european food safety authority. therefore, we reviewed the core benefits of probiotic and prebiotic consumption on health. a number of studies have examined the prevention a ... | 2015 | 26443321 |
| erratum for boudry et al., function of the crispr-cas system of the human pathogen clostridium difficile. | 2015 | 26443462 | |
| efficacy and safety of metronidazole monotherapy versus vancomycin monotherapy or combination therapy in patients with clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has become a global epidemiological problem for both hospitalized patients and outpatients. the most commonly used drugs to treat cdi are metronidazole and vancomycin. the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of metronidazole monotherapy with vancomycin monotherapy and combination therapy in cdi patients. | 2015 | 26444424 |
| tracing the spread of clostridium difficile ribotype 027 in germany based on bacterial genome sequences. | we applied whole-genome sequencing to reconstruct the spatial and temporal dynamics underpinning the expansion of clostridium difficile ribotype 027 in germany. based on re-sequencing of genomes from 57 clinical c. difficile isolates, which had been collected from hospitalized patients at 36 locations throughout germany between 1990 and 2012, we demonstrate that c. difficile genomes have accumulated sequence variation sufficiently fast to document the pathogen's spread at a regional scale. we de ... | 2015 | 26444881 |
| increasing incidence of and increased mortality associated with clostridium difficile-associated megacolon. | 2016 | 26445319 | |
| bacterial glycosyltransferase toxins. | mono-glycosylation of host proteins is a common mechanism by which bacterial protein toxins manipulate cellular functions of eukaryotic target host cells. prototypic for this group of glycosyltransferase toxins are clostridium difficile toxins a and b, which modify guanine nucleotide-binding proteins of the rho family. however, toxin-induced glycosylation is not restricted to the clostridia. various types of bacterial pathogens including escherichia coli, yersinia, photorhabdus and legionella sp ... | 2015 | 26445410 |
| indication of acid suppression therapy and predictors for the prophylactic use of protonpump inhibitors vs. histamine-2 receptor antagonists in a malaysian tertiary hospital. | proton-pump inhibitors (ppi) and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (h2ra) are common acid suppressants used in gastrointestinal disorders. the trend of usage in malaysia has changed from predominantly h2ra to ppi from 2007 to 2008, 3.46 versus 2.87 and 2.99 versus 3.24 ddd (defined daily dose)/1000 population/day respectively. this raises concerns as ppi overutilization amounts to higher cost expenditure and are associated with various untoward consequences such as clostridium difficile-associate ... | 2017 | 26445624 |
| clostridium difficile: new insights into the evolution of the pathogenicity locus. | the major virulence factors of clostridium difficile are toxins a and b. these toxins are encoded by tcda and tcdb genes, which form a pathogenicity locus (paloc) together with three additional genes that have been implicated in regulation (tcdr and tcdc) and secretion (tcde). to date, the paloc has always been found in the same location and is replaced in non-toxigenic strains by a highly conserved 75/115 bp non-coding region. here, we show new types of c. difficile pathogenicity loci through t ... | 2015 | 26446480 |
| longitudinal study of clostridium difficile shedding in raccoons on swine farms and conservation areas in ontario, canada. | clostridium difficile is an important enteropathogen affecting humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. the objectives of this study were to 1) compare the prevalence and characteristics of c. difficile isolated from the feces of raccoons trapped on swine farms and conservation sites, and 2) investigate the role of raccoons as potential reservoirs for host-adapted strains of c. difficile using a longitudinal study. fecal swabs were collected from raccoons at 5 conservation sites and 5 swine farms ... | 2015 | 26446591 |
| clostridium difficile infection in rural ontario: a retrospective multisite population-based study. | we conducted a retrospective, population-based study to assess the prevalence of clostridium difficile infections and the associated risk factors among inpatients and outpatients in our region. | 2015 | 26447730 |
| fecal microbiota transplant: respice, adspice, prospice. | respice, adspice, prospice, look to the past, look to the present, look to the future, is one of life's valuable axioms; for it is only if one knows where one has been can one intelligently prepare for the future. i have used this approach here to review fecal microbiota transplant (fmt). first used in fourth-century china to treat an assortment of gastrointestinal (gi) symptoms, today fmt is primarily used for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi). in the future, however, it is likel ... | 2015 | 26447968 |
| recommendations for probiotic use--2015 update: proceedings and consensus opinion. | this paper describes the consensus opinion of the participants in the 4th triennial yale/harvard workshop on probiotic recommendations. the recommendations update those of the first 3 meetings that were published in 2006, 2008, and 2011. recommendations for the use of probiotics in necrotizing enterocolitis, childhood diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and clostridium difficile diarrhea are reviewed. in addition, we have added recommendations for liver disease for the ... | 2016 | 26447969 |
| [campylobacteriosis at the department of infectious diseases of the university hospital brno in 2011-2013: a retrospective study]. | to provide basic clinical, laboratory, and microbiological characteristics of adult patients with campylobacteriosis admitted to the department of infectious diseases university hospital brno (uhb), in 2011-2013. | 2015 | 26448303 |
| identification of population at risk for future clostridium difficile infection following hospital discharge to be targeted for vaccine trials. | efforts to develop a clostridium difficile vaccine are underway; identification of patients at risk for c. difficile infection (cdi) is critical to inform vaccine trials. we identified groups at high risk of cdi ≥ 2 8 days after hospital discharge. | 2015 | 26450660 |
| complete genome sequence of the clostridium difficile type strain dsm 1296t. | in this study, we sequenced the complete genome of the clostridium difficile type strain dsm 1296(t). a combination of single-molecule real-time (smrt) and illumina sequencing technology revealed the presence of one chromosome and two extrachromosomal elements, the bacteriophage phicdif1296t and a putative plasmid-like structure harboring genes of another bacteriophage. | 2015 | 26450746 |
| racial and ethnic disparities in health care-associated clostridium difficile infections in the united states: state of the science. | among health care-associated infections (hais), clostridium difficile infections (cdis) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the united states. as national progress toward cdi prevention continues, it will be critical to ensure that the benefits from cdi prevention are realized across different patient demographic groups, including any targeted interventions. | 2016 | 26454749 |
| interleukin-23 (il-23), independent of il-17 and il-22, drives neutrophil recruitment and innate inflammation during clostridium difficile colitis in mice. | our objective was to determine the role of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-23 (il-23) in promoting neutrophil recruitment, inflammatory cytokine expression and intestinal histopathology in response to clostridium difficile infection. wild-type (wt) and p19(-/-) (il-23ko) mice were pre-treated with cefoperazone in their drinking water for 5 days, and after a 2-day recovery period were challenged with spores from c. difficile strain vpi 10463. interleukin-23 deficiency was associated with si ... | 2016 | 26455347 |
| the effectiveness of probiotics in reducing the incidence of clostridium difficile associated diarrhea in elderly patients: a systematic review protocol. | 2015 | 26455937 | |
| performance management of clostridium difficile infection in hospitals - the carrot or stick approach? | public and political pressure for healthcare quality indicator monitoring, specifically healthcare-associated infection (hai) has intensified the debate regarding the merits of public reporting and target setting as policy approaches. this paper reviews the evidence for these approaches with a focus on hai, including clostridium difficile infection (cdi). healthcare key performance indicators (kpis) and associated targets have been used widely with little evaluation. while targets are associated ... | 2016 | 26456187 |
| distribution and characterization of clostridium difficile isolated from dogs in japan. | we collected 204 nondiarrhoeic canine fecal samples and isolated 68 clostridium difficile strains from 62 of these samples. strains were grouped into 29 pcr ribotypes. only 47% of the strains were toxigenic. | 2016 | 26456188 |
| the protective role of albumin in clostridium difficile infection: a step toward solving the puzzle. | 2015 | 26456662 | |
| a potential cellular explanation for the increased risk of clostridium difficile infection due to hypoalbuminemia: reply di bella et al. | 2015 | 26456896 | |
| microbiome as mediator: do systemic infections start in the gut? | the intestinal microbiome is emerging as a crucial mediator between external insults and systemic infections. new research suggests that our intestinal microorganisms contribute to critical illness and the development of non-gastrointestinal infectious diseases. common pathways include a loss of fecal intestinal bacterial diversity and a disproportionate increase in toxogenic bacterial species. therapeutic interventions targeting the microbiome - primarily probiotics - have yielded limited resul ... | 2015 | 26457009 |
| preparation and preliminary application of monoclonal antibodies to the receptor binding region of clostridium difficile toxin b. | a previous nationwide chinese epidemiological study revealed through isolation of a‑b+ clostridium difficile strains, which produce toxin b (tcdb), but not toxin a tcda, that the strains are widespread and more frequent in east asian countries,. the development of a process capable of detecting tcdb is required in microbiological laboratories in order to facilitate the control of the a‑b+ c. difficile strains, however, no diagnostic reagents have been developed to date. the aim of the present st ... | 2015 | 26459027 |
| the non-toxigenic clostridium difficile cd37 protects mice against infection with a bi/nap1/027 type of c. difficile strain. | clostridium difficile cd37, a clinical isolate from the usa, does not produce toxin a, b or binary toxin. the aim of this study was to determine whether strain cd37 can protect mice against infection from a challenge with a toxigenic c. difficile strain. three groups of mice (n = 10) were pretreated with a antibiotics cocktail for 5 days, switched to sterile water for 2 days, and given one dose of clindamycin (10 mg/kg) one day (day-1) before challenge (day 0) with a toxigenic c. difficile strai ... | 2015 | 26461425 |
| effects of proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists on response to fidaxomicin or vancomycin in patients with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea. | it has been established that use of proton pump inhibitors (ppis) is associated with an increased risk of acquiring clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad). however, it is not known whether the use of ppis or histamine-2 receptor antagonists (h2ras) concurrently with cdad-targeted antibiotic treatment affects clinical response or recurrence rates. | 2015 | 26462279 |