Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| replication of sars coronavirus administered into the respiratory tract of african green, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. | sars coronavirus (sars-cov) administered intranasally and intratracheally to rhesus, cynomolgus and african green monkeys (agm) replicated in the respiratory tract but did not induce illness. the titer of serum neutralizing antibodies correlated with the level of virus replication in the respiratory tract (agm>cynomolgus>rhesus). moderate to high titers of sars-cov with associated interstitial pneumonitis were detected in the lungs of agms on day 2 and were resolving by day 4 post-infection. fol ... | 2004 | 15527829 |
| sars coronavirus e protein forms cation-selective ion channels. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is caused by a novel coronavirus (sars-cov). coronaviruses including sars-cov encode an envelope (e) protein, a small, hydrophobic membrane protein. we report that, in planar lipid bilayers, synthetic peptides corresponding to the sars-cov e protein forms ion channels that are more permeable to monovalent cations than to monovalent anions. affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies recognizing the n-terminal 19 residues of sars-cov e protein were used to est ... | 2004 | 15527857 |
| mapping of antigenic sites on the nucleocapsid protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | antigenic sites on the nucleocapsid (n) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (sars-cov) were mapped by pepscan analysis with overlapping peptides that span the n protein sequence. two major immunodominant epitopes located in the c-terminal region (amino acids [aa] 362 to 412) and middle region (aa 153 to 178) reacted with more than 75% of sera from sars patients. several minor immunodominant epitopes were reactive with about 50% of the sars sera. antisera from mice imm ... | 2004 | 15528730 |
| inactivated sars-cov vaccine elicits high titers of spike protein-specific antibodies that block receptor binding and virus entry. | the only severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) vaccine currently being tested in clinical trial consists of inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome-associate coronavirus (sars-cov). however, limited information is available about host immune responses induced by the inactivated sars vaccine. in this study, we demonstrated that sars-cov inactivated by beta-propiolactone elicited high titers of antibodies in the immunized mice and rabbits that recognize the spike (s) protein, especially t ... | 2004 | 15530413 |
| epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars): adults and children. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a newly described respiratory infection with pandemic potential. the causative agent is a new strain of coronavirus most likely originating from wild animals. this disease first emerged in november 2002 in guangdong province, china. early in the outbreak the infection had been transmitted primarily via household contacts and healthcare settings. in late february 2003 the infection was transmitted to hong kong when an infected doctor from the mainland v ... | 2004 | 15531250 |
| post-sars infection control in the hospital and clinic. | the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) outbreak has almost mandated a re-evaluation of infection control practices in hospitals, clinics, schools and domestic environments, especially for patients with respiratory tract symptoms. triage, early case detection followed by prompt isolation and quarantine are major preventive measures. respiratory tract infections are the most common childhood illnesses and paediatric sars poses special problems in diagnosis because of its non-specific ... | 2004 | 15531252 |
| sars: future research and vaccine. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a new infectious disease of the 21st century that has pandemic potential. a novel coronavirus (cov) was identified as its aetiological agent and its genome was sequenced within months of the world health organisation issuing a global threat on sars. the high morbidity and mortality of this potentially pandemic infection demands a rapid research response to develop effective antiviral treatment and vaccine. this will depend on understanding the pathogen ... | 2004 | 15531254 |
| a study on sars awareness and health-seeking behaviour - findings from a sampled population attending national healthcare group polyclinics. | the study aimed to assess the effectiveness of massive sars public education effort on sars awareness and the conduct of those suspected of having sars. | 2004 | 15531959 |
| neuromuscular disorders in severe acute respiratory syndrome. | to delineate and clarify neuromuscular disorders in patients with probable severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). | 2004 | 15534177 |
| high-yield expression of recombinant sars coronavirus nucleocapsid protein in methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. | nucleocapsid (n) protein plays an important role in reproduction and pathological reaction of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (scov), the antigenicity of the protein is better than spike (s) protein. this study was to find a highly specific and antigenic recombinant scov nucleocapsid (rscovn) protein, and to provide a basis for further researches on early diagnosis of sars. | 2004 | 15534914 |
| [a preliminary report of sars coronavirus specific rna in sars convalescents and medical person]. | to observe the method of fluorescent-polymerase chain reaction (f-pcr) and gene-hip technique in detecting coronavirus in severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and its value for clinical application. | 2004 | 15535903 |
| modelling strategies for controlling sars outbreaks. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), a new, highly contagious, viral disease, emerged in china late in 2002 and quickly spread to 32 countries and regions causing in excess of 774 deaths and 8098 infections worldwide. in the absence of a rapid diagnostic test, therapy or vaccine, isolation of individuals diagnosed with sars and quarantine of individuals feared exposed to sars virus were used to control the spread of infection. we examine mathematically the impact of isolation and quarantine ... | 2004 | 15539347 |
| use of viral lysate antigen combined with recombinant protein in western immunoblot assay as confirmatory test for serodiagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. | a western immunoblot assay for confirmatory serodiagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) was developed utilizing viral lysate antigens combined with a recombinant nucleocapsid protein, gst-n (glutathione s-transferase-nucleocapsid) of the sars coronavirus (sars-cov). the viral lysate antigens were separated by electrophoresis and transblotted onto nitrocellulose membranes. the resultant membrane was subsequently added with the gst-n recombinant protein at a specific location. the po ... | 2004 | 15539520 |
| specific immunoglobulin g antibody detected in umbilical blood and amniotic fluid from a pregnant woman infected by the coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. | specific immunoglobulin g antibody for severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus was detected in maternal blood, umbilical blood, and amniotic fluid from a pregnant sars patient. potential protection of fetus from infection was suggested. | 2004 | 15539525 |
| antisense downregulation of sars-cov gene expression in vero e6 cells. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is caused by a novel coronavirus (sars-cov). it is an enveloped, single-stranded, plus-sense rna virus with a genome of approximately 30 kb. the structural proteins e, m and n of sars-cov play important roles during host cell entry and viral morphogenesis and release. therefore, we have studied whether expression of these structural proteins can be down-regulated using an antisense technique. | 2005 | 15543523 |
| coronaviruses: from common colds to severe acute respiratory syndrome. | 2004 | 15545861 | |
| genome structure and transcriptional regulation of human coronavirus nl63. | two human coronaviruses are known since the 1960s: hcov-229e and hcov-oc43. sars-cov was discovered in the early spring of 2003, followed by the identification of hcov-nl63, the fourth member of the coronaviridae family that infects humans. in this study, we describe the genome structure and the transcription strategy of hcov-nl63 by experimental analysis of the viral subgenomic mrnas. | 2004 | 15548333 |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme-2: a molecular and cellular perspective. | angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ace2) is the first human homologue of ace to be described. ace2 is a type i integral membrane protein which functions as a carboxypeptidase, cleaving a single hydrophobic/basic residue from the c-terminus of its substrates. ace2 efficiently hydrolyses the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin ii to angiotensin (1-7). it is a consequence of this action that ace2 participates in the renin-angiotensin system. however, ace2 also hydrolyses dynorphin a (1-13), apelin-13 ... | 2004 | 15549171 |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: a functional receptor for sars coronavirus. | cellular entry of enveloped viruses is often dependent on attachment proteins expressed on the host cell surface. viral envelope proteins bind these receptors, and, in an incompletely understood process, facilitate fusion of the cellular and viral membranes so as to introduce the viral core into the cytoplasm. only a small fraction of viral receptors have been identified so far. recently, a novel coronavirus was identified as the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). the ... | 2004 | 15549175 |
| topographic changes in sars coronavirus-infected cells at late stages of infection. | scanning electron and atomic force microscopy was used for the first time to view the maturation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus at the cell surface. the surface form of the cells at advanced infection displayed prolific pseudopodia that, in addition to the rest of the plasma membrane, were also active sites of virus release. high magnification of the maturing virus particles showed a rosette appearance with short knoblike spikes under both the scanning electron a ... | 2004 | 15550199 |
| nucleocapsid protein as early diagnostic marker for sars. | serum samples from 317 patients with patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) were tested for the nucleocapsid (n) protein of sars-associated coronavirus, with sensitivities of 94% and 78% for the first 5 days and 6-10 days after onset, respectively. the specificity was 99.9%. n protein can be used as an early diagnostic maker for sars. | 2004 | 15550204 |
| proteomic fingerprints for potential application to early diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. | definitive early-stage diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is important despite the number of laboratory tests that have been developed to complement clinical features and epidemiologic data in case definition. pathologic changes in response to viral infection might be reflected in proteomic patterns in sera of sars patients. | 2005 | 15550479 |
| quaternary structure of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus main protease. | sars (severe acute respiratory syndrome) has been one of the most severe viral infectious diseases last year and still remains as a highly risky public health problem around the world. exploring the types of interactions responsible for structural stabilities of its component protein molecules constitutes one of the approaches to find a destabilization method for the virion particle. in this study, we performed a series of experiments to characterize the quaternary structure of the dimeric coron ... | 2004 | 15554703 |
| prediction of quaternary assembly of sars coronavirus peplomer. | the tertiary structures of the s1 and s2 domains of the spike protein of the coronavirus which is responsible of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) have been recently predicted. here a molecular assembly of sars coronavirus peplomer which accounts for the available functional data is suggested. the interaction between s1 and s2 appears to be stabilised by a large hydrophobic network of aromatic side chains present in both domains. this feature results to be common to all coronaviruses, ... | 2004 | 15555555 |
| epidemiology and etiology of community-acquired pneumonia. | the seriousness of community-acquired pneumonia (cap), despite being a reasonably common and potentially lethal disease, often is under estimated by physicians and patients alike. cap results in more than 10 million visits to physicians, 64 million days of restricted activity, and 600,000 hospitalizations. this article discusses the epidemiology and bacterial causes of cap in immunocompetent adults and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | 2004 | 15555823 |
| initial viral load and the outcomes of sars. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is caused by a novel coronavirus. it may progress to respiratory failure, and a significant proportion of patients die. preliminary data suggest that a high viral load of the sars coronavirus is associated with adverse outcomes in the intensive care unit, but the relation of viral load to survival is unclear. | 2004 | 15557587 |
| early containment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars); experience from bamrasnaradura institute, thailand. | on march 11, 2003, a world health organization (who) physician was admitted to bamrasnaradura institute, after alerting the world to the dangers of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in vietnam and developing a fever himself. specimens from the first day of his admission were among the first to demonstrate the novel coronavirus, by culture, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and rising of specific antibody, but proper protective measures remained unknown. the authors ... | 2004 | 15560695 |
| identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replicase products and characterization of papain-like protease activity. | gene 1 of the coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) encodes replicase polyproteins that are predicted to be processed into 16 nonstructural proteins (nsps 1 to 16) by two viral proteases, a papain-like protease (plpro) and a 3c-like protease (3clpro). here, we identify sars coronavirus amino-terminal replicase products nsp1, nsp2, and nsp3 and describe trans-cleavage assays that characterize the protease activity required to generate these products. we generated po ... | 2004 | 15564471 |
| overexpression of 7a, a protein specifically encoded by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, induces apoptosis via a caspase-dependent pathway. | besides genes that are homologous to proteins found in other coronaviruses, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus genome also contains nine other potential open reading frames. previously, we have characterized the expression and cellular localization of two of these "accessory" viral proteins, 3a (previously termed u274) and 7a (previously termed u122). in this study, we further examined whether they can induce apoptosis, which has been observed clinically. we showed that the overex ... | 2004 | 15564512 |
| genetic screen for monitoring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3c-like protease. | a novel coronavirus (scov) is the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome. site-specific proteolysis plays a critical role in regulating a number of cellular and viral processes. since the main protease of scov, also termed 3c-like protease, is an attractive target for drug therapy, we have developed a safe, simple, and rapid genetic screen assay to monitor the activity of the scov 3c-like protease. this genetic system is based on the bacteriophage lambda regulatory circuit, in wh ... | 2004 | 15564515 |
| strategies adopted and lessons learnt during the severe acute respiratory syndrome crisis in singapore. | in singapore, the military was actively involved in the containment of the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) last year. the outbreak started in february 2003 with three singapore travellers to hong kong. at that time, nothing was known about the aetiological agent of the atypical pneumonia that was termed sars. unfortunately one of the travellers was a super-spreader, defined as a person with high efficiency for virus transmission, and was responsible for the expansion of the ... | 2005 | 15565739 |
| synthesis and evaluation of keto-glutamine analogues as potent inhibitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome 3clpro. | the 3c-like proteinase (3cl(pro)) of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus is a key target for structure-based drug design against this viral infection. the enzyme recognizes peptide substrates with a glutamine residue at the p1 site. a series of keto-glutamine analogues with a phthalhydrazido group at the alpha-position were synthesized and tested as reversible inhibitiors against sars 3cl(pro). attachment of tripeptide (ac-val-thr-leu) to these glutamine-based "warheads" generat ... | 2004 | 15566280 |
| sars-coronavirus replication in human peripheral monocytes/macrophages. | a novel coronavirus (cov) has been described in association with cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). the virus, sars-cov, differs from the previously described human coronaviruses, 229e and oc43. 229e was previously shown to productively infect human monocytes/macrophages, whereas oc43 poorly infected the cells. in this study, we examined whether sars-cov could productively infect purified monocytes/macrophages (pm) derived from human donor cells. unlike 229e-infected cells, which ... | 2005 | 15567038 |
| [oligonucleotide microarray preparation using enhanced poly-l-lysine glass slides]. | to modify conventional poly-l-lysine coating for oligonucleotide microarray preparation so as to enhance the sensitivity of the microarray. | 2004 | 15567766 |
| [dynamic changes of immunoglobulin g in convalescents who have suffered from severe acute respiratory syndrome patients]. | to investigate the dynamic changes of the antibody specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus in convalescents who have suffered from sars. | 2004 | 15569426 |
| humoral immune responses in rabbits induced by an experimental inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine prepared from f69 strain. | the etiologic agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) has been confirmed to be a novel coronavirus (cov), namely sars-cov. developing safe and effective sars-cov vaccines is essential for us to prevent the possible reemergence of its epidemic. previous experiences indicate that inactivated vaccine is conventional and more hopeful to be successfully developed. immunogenicity evaluation of an experimental inactivated sars-cov vaccine in rabbits was conducted and reported in this paper. | 2004 | 15569476 |
| anti-sars virus antibody responses against human sars-associated coronavirus and animal sars-associated coronavirus-like virus. | 2004 | 15569493 | |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars): over 100 days into the outbreak. | 2003 | 15571170 | |
| plasma proteome of severe acute respiratory syndrome analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. | we have investigated the plasma proteome by using 2d gel electrophoresis and ms from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). a complete proteomic analysis was performed on four patients with sars in different time courses, and a total of 38 differential spots were selected for protein identification. most of the proteins identified are acute phase proteins, and their presence represents the consequence of serial cascades initiated by sars-coronavirus infection. there are several ... | 2004 | 15572443 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pathogenesis, disease and vaccines: an update. | a novel coronavirus has recently been identified as the cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars-cov). the ability of this family of positive strand rna viruses to move between species and cause severe disease in humans, with the potential for pandemic spread, has been confirmed. | 2004 | 15577575 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) was caused by a previously unrecognized animal coronavirus that exploited opportunities provided by 'wet markets' in southern china to adapt to become a virus readily transmissible between humans. hospitals and international travel proved to be 'amplifiers' that permitted a local outbreak to achieve global dimensions. in this review we will discuss the substantial scientific progress that has been made towards understanding the virus-sars coronavirus (sar ... | 2004 | 15577937 |
| immune responses against sars-coronavirus nucleocapsid protein induced by dna vaccine. | the nucleocapsid (n) protein of sars-coronavirus (sars-cov) is the key protein for the formation of the helical nucleocapsid during virion assembly. this protein is believed to be more conserved than other proteins of the virus, such as spike and membrane glycoprotein. in this study, the n protein of sars-cov was expressed in escherichia coli dh5alpha and identified with pooled sera from patients in the convalescence phase of sars. a plasmid pci-n, encoding the full-length n gene of sars-cov, wa ... | 2005 | 15582659 |
| a novel cell-based binding assay system reconstituting interaction between sars-cov s protein and its cellular receptor. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), a life-threatening disease, is caused by the newly identified virus sars coronavirus (sars-cov). in order to study the spike (s) protein of this highly contagious virus, we established a clonal cell-line, cho-sg, from the chinese hamster ovary cells that stably expresses c-terminally egfp-tagged sars-cov s protein (s-egfp). the ectodomain of the s glycoprotein is localized on the surface of cho-sg cells with n-acetyl-glucosamine-terminated carbohydrate s ... | 2005 | 15582697 |
| a novel cell-based binding assay system reconstituting interaction between sars-cov s protein and its cellular receptor. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), a life-threatening disease, is caused by the newly identified virus sars coronavirus (sars-cov). in order to study the spike (s) protein of this highly contagious virus, we established a clonal cell-line, cho-sg, from the chinese hamster ovary cells that stably expresses c-terminally egfp-tagged sars-cov s protein (s-egfp). the ectodomain of the s glycoprotein is localized on the surface of cho-sg cells with n-acetyl-glucosamine-terminated carbohydrate s ... | 2005 | 15582697 |
| false-positive results in a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) nucleocapsid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay due to hcov-oc43 and hcov-229e rectified by western blotting with recombinant sars-cov spike polypeptide. | using paired serum samples obtained from patients with illness associated with increases in anti-human coronavirus oc43 (hcov-oc43) or anti-hcov-229e antibodies, we examined the possibility of false-positive results detected in a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) nucleocapsid protein immunoglobulin g enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). three of the 21 and 1 of the 7 convalescent-phase serum samples from persons with increases in antibod ... | 2004 | 15583332 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the heptad-repeat complex of sars coronavirus spike protein. | the aetiological agent of an emergent outbreak of atypical pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), is a positive-stranded rna virus (sars-cov) belonging to the coronaviridae family with a genome that differs substantially from those of other known coronaviruses. highly conserved heptad-repeat (hr1 and hr2) regions in class i viral fusion proteins, including spike protein from sars coronavirus, interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle, which is called a fusion core. the cr ... | 2004 | 15583393 |
| heat sensitivity of a sars-associated coronavirus introduced into plasma products. | various measures to inactivate/remove viruses have been implemented for manufacturing plasma-derived products. here, we examined the heat inactivation ability of an agent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), sars coronavirus (cov). | 2004 | 15585028 |
| induction of il-8 release in lung cells via activator protein-1 by recombinant baculovirus displaying severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus spike proteins: identification of two functional regions. | the inflammatory response and the intracellular signaling pathway induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus (cov) were studied in lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts. sars-cov spike (s) protein-encoding plasmid induced activations of il-8 promoter and ap-1, but not nf-kappab in these cells. mutation of the ap-1, not the kappab site, abolished the sars-cov s protein-induced il-8 promoter activity. il-8 release was effectively induced by vatepgs688, a baculovirus exhibiting ... | 2004 | 15585888 |
| implication of proprotein convertases in the processing and spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is the etiological agent of sars. analysis of sars-cov spike glycoprotein (s) using recombinant plasmid and virus infections demonstrated that the s-precursor (pros) exists as a approximately 190 kda endoplasmic reticulum form and a approximately 210 kda golgi-modified form. pros is subsequently processed into two c-terminal proteins of approximately 110 and approximately 80 kda. the membrane-bound proprotein convertases (pcs) furin, pc7 o ... | 2005 | 15596135 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of golden syrian hamsters. | small animal models are needed in order to evaluate the efficacy of candidate vaccines and antivirals directed against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars cov). we investigated the ability of sars cov to infect 5-week-old golden syrian hamsters. when administered intranasally, sars cov replicates to high titers in the lungs and nasal turbinates. peak replication in the lower respiratory tract was noted on day 2 postinfection (p.i.) and was cleared by day 7 p.i. low levels of ... | 2005 | 15596843 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of golden syrian hamsters. | small animal models are needed in order to evaluate the efficacy of candidate vaccines and antivirals directed against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars cov). we investigated the ability of sars cov to infect 5-week-old golden syrian hamsters. when administered intranasally, sars cov replicates to high titers in the lungs and nasal turbinates. peak replication in the lower respiratory tract was noted on day 2 postinfection (p.i.) and was cleared by day 7 p.i. low levels of ... | 2005 | 15596843 |
| an interferon-gamma-related cytokine storm in sars patients. | fourteen cytokines or chemokines were analyzed on 88 rt-pcr-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) patients. ifn-gamma, il-18, tgf-beta, il-6, ip-10, mcp-1, mig, and il-8, but not of tnf-alpha, il-2, il-4, il-10, il-13, or tnfri, were highly elevated in the acute phase sera of taiwan sars patients. ifn-gamma was significantly higher in the ab(+) group than in the ab(-) group. ifn-gamma, il-18, mcp-1, mig, and ip-10 were already elevated at early days post fever onset. furthermore, le ... | 2005 | 15602737 |
| evaluation of a recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based assay for anti-sars-cov igg detection. | a high throughput accurate assay for anti-sars-cov igg detection is needed for large-scale epidemiological studies. the evaluation of a commercial recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based microtitre plate enzyme immunoassay, elisars is described. the results on 150 sera from sars patients and 450 sera from non-sars controls showed that this assay had a high level of sensitivity (96.2% for late serum samples) and specificity (97.8%). the performance and setup of this assay fulfills the requirement ... | 2005 | 15602743 |
| intranasal immunization with inactivated sars-cov (sars-associated coronavirus) induced local and serum antibodies in mice. | sars-cov (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus) strain gz50 was partially purified and inactivated with 1:2000 formaldehyde. in cell culture the inactivated virus blocked the replication of live virus by decreasing the tcid(5.0) of the live virus 10(3.6) to 10(4.6) times. inactivated gz50 was used to immunize mice intranasally either alone, or after precipitation with polyethylene glycol (peg), or with cpg, or ctb as an adjuvant. the titer of serum neutralizing antibodies was ... | 2005 | 15603894 |
| structure of a proteolytically resistant core from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus s2 fusion protein. | a coronavirus (cov) has recently been identified as the causative agent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in humans. covs enter target cells through fusion of viral and cellular membranes mediated by the viral envelope glycoprotein s. we have determined by x-ray crystallography the structure of a proteolytically stable core fragment from the heptad repeat (hr) regions hr1 and hr2 of the sars-cov s protein. we have also determined the structure of an hr1-hr2 s core fragment, contain ... | 2004 | 15604146 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein expressed by an adenovirus vector is phosphorylated and immunogenic in mice. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) has been identified as the aetiological agent of sars. thus, vaccination against sars-cov may represent an effective approach towards controlling sars. the nucleocapsid (n) protein is thought to play a role in induction of cell-mediated immunity to sars-cov and thus it is important to characterize this protein. in the present study, an e1/partially e3-deleted, replication-defective human adenovirus 5 (ad5) vector (ad5-n-v) expressing the s ... | 2005 | 15604448 |
| chronological evolution of igm, iga, igg and neutralisation antibodies after infection with sars-associated coronavirus. | abstract serum levels of igg, igm and iga against severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (sars)-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) were detected serially with the use of immunofluorescent antibody assays in 30 patients with sars. seroconversion for igg (mean 10 days) occurred simultaneously, or 1 day earlier, than that for igm and iga (mean 11 days for both). igg could be detected as early as 4 days after the onset of illness. the earliest time at which these three antibodies reached peak lev ... | 2004 | 15606632 |
| ribavirin and interferon-beta synergistically inhibit sars-associated coronavirus replication in animal and human cell lines. | initial in vitro investigations demonstrated type i interferons (ifns: ifn-alpha, ifn-beta) to inhibit replication of sars coronavirus (sars-cov), but found the nucleoside analogue ribavirin ineffective in vero cells. in this report, ribavirin was shown to inhibit sars-cov replication in five different cell types of animal or human origin at therapeutically achievable concentrations. since clinical anti-sars-cov activity of type i interferons or ribavirin is limited, we investigated the combinat ... | 2005 | 15607755 |
| fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome is associated with multiorgan involvement by coronavirus. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is characterized by pulmonary compromise; however, patients often have evidence of other organ dysfunction that may reflect extrapulmonary dissemination of sars coronavirus (sars-cov). we report on the distribution and viral load of sars-cov in multiple organ samples from patients who died of sars during the toronto outbreak. sars-cov was detected in lung (100%), bowel (73%), liver (41%), and kidney (38%) in 19 patients who died of sars, with the highest ... | 2004 | 15609228 |
| coronavirus genome structure and replication. | in addition to the sars coronavirus (treated separately elsewhere in this volume), the complete genome sequences of six species in the coronavirus genus of the coronavirus family [avian infectious bronchitis virus-beaudette strain (ibv-beaudette), bovine coronavirus-ent strain (bcov-ent), human coronavirus-229e strain (hcov-229e), murine hepatitis virus-a59 strain (mhv-a59), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis-purdue 115 strain (tgev-purdue 115), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-cv777 strai ... | 2005 | 15609507 |
| development of mouse hepatitis virus and sars-cov infectious cdna constructs. | the genomes of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) have been generated with a novel construction strategy that allows for the assembly of very large rna and dna genomes from a panel of contiguous cdna subclones. recombinant viruses generated from these methods contained the appropriate marker mutations and replicated as efficiently as wild-type virus. the mhv cloning strategy can also be used to generate recombinant viruses that contain foreign genes or mut ... | 2005 | 15609514 |
| avoidance of oxidative-stress perturbation in yeast bioprocesses by proteomic and genomic biostrategies? | bioprocess oxidative stress caused by many reactive oxygen species (ros) can lead to largely irreversible perturbation of yeast bioprocesses. these include the production of proteins derived from recombinant dna yeast technology (aerobically grown saccharomyces cerevisiae). these proteins include rennin, amyloglucosidases (glucamylases), interferons, interleukins, insulin, monoclonal antibodies, tissue plasminogen activators (t-pa), sexually transmitted disease antigens, and measles, mumps and r ... | 2005 | 15613000 |
| characterization and complete genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, coronavirus hku1, from patients with pneumonia. | despite extensive laboratory investigations in patients with respiratory tract infections, no microbiological cause can be identified in a significant proportion of patients. in the past 3 years, several novel respiratory viruses, including human metapneumovirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (sars-cov), and human coronavirus nl63, were discovered. here we report the discovery of another novel coronavirus, coronavirus hku1 (cov-hku1), from a 71-year-old man with pneumonia ... | 2005 | 15613317 |
| proteomics and severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars): emerging technology meets emerging pathogen. | 2005 | 15613703 | |
| use of convalescent plasma therapy in sars patients in hong kong. | in order to evaluate the efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in the treatment of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), 80 sars patients were given convalescent plasma at prince of wales hospital, hong kong, between 20 march and 26 may 2003. good outcome was defined as discharge by day 22 following the onset of sars symptoms. poor outcome was defined as death or hospitalization beyond 22 days. a higher day-22 discharge rate was observed among patients who were given convales ... | 2005 | 15616839 |
| [sars]. | 2004 | 15624464 | |
| assembling the sars-cov genome -- new method based on graph theoretical approach. | nowadays, scientists may learn a lot about the organisms studied just by analyzing their genetic material. this requires the development of methods of reading genomes with high accuracy. it has become clear that the knowledge of the changes occurring within a viral genome is indispensable for effective fighting of the pathogen. a good example is sars-cov, which was a cause of death of many people and frightened the entire world with its fast and hard to prevent propagation. rapid development of ... | 2004 | 15625570 |
| a genome sequence of novel sars-cov isolates: the genotype, gd-ins29, leads to a hypothesis of viral transmission in south china. | we report a complete genomic sequence of rare isolates (minor genotype) of the sars-cov from sars patients in guangdong, china, where the first few cases emerged. the most striking discovery from the isolate is an extra 29-nucleotide sequence located at the nucleotide positions between 27,863 and 27,864 (referred to the complete sequence of bj01) within an overlapped region composed of bgi-pup5 (bgi-postulated uncharacterized protein 5) and bgi-pup6 upstream of the n (nucleocapsid) protein. the ... | 2003 | 15626340 |
| the structural characterization and antigenicity of the s protein of sars-cov. | the corona-like spikes or peplomers on the surface of the virion under electronic microscope are the most striking features of coronaviruses. the s (spike) protein is the largest structural protein, with 1,255 amino acids, in the viral genome. its structure can be divided into three regions: a long n-terminal region in the exterior, a characteristic transmembrane (tm) region, and a short c-terminus in the interior of a virion. we detected fifteen substitutions of nucleotides by comparisons with ... | 2003 | 15626341 |
| the m protein of sars-cov: basic structural and immunological properties. | we studied structural and immunological properties of the sars-cov m (membrane) protein, based on comparative analyses of sequence features, phylogenetic investigation, and experimental results. the m protein is predicted to contain a triple-spanning transmembrane (tm) region, a single n-glycosylation site near its n-terminus that is in the exterior of the virion, and a long c-terminal region in the interior. the m protein harbors a higher substitution rate (0.6% correlated to its size) among vi ... | 2003 | 15626342 |
| the e protein is a multifunctional membrane protein of sars-cov. | the e (envelope) protein is the smallest structural protein in all coronaviruses and is the only viral structural protein in which no variation has been detected. we conducted genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of sars-cov. based on genome sequencing, we predicted the e protein is a transmembrane (tm) protein characterized by a tm region with strong hydrophobicity and alpha-helix conformation. we identified a segment (nh2-_l-cys-a-y-cys-cys-n_-cooh) in the carboxyl-terminal region of th ... | 2003 | 15626343 |
| the structure analysis and antigenicity study of the n protein of sars-cov. | the coronaviridae family is characterized by a nucleocapsid that is composed of the genome rna molecule in combination with the nucleoprotein (n protein) within a virion. the most striking physiochemical feature of the n protein of sars-cov is that it is a typical basic protein with a high predicted pi and high hydrophilicity, which is consistent with its function of binding to the ribophosphate backbone of the rna molecule. the predicted high extent of phosphorylation of the n protein on multip ... | 2003 | 15626344 |
| the r protein of sars-cov: analyses of structure and function based on four complete genome sequences of isolates bj01-bj04. | the r (replicase) protein is the uniquely defined non-structural protein (nsp) responsible for rna replication, mutation rate or fidelity, regulation of transcription in coronaviruses and many other ssrna viruses. based on our complete genome sequences of four isolates (bj01-bj04) of sars-cov from beijing, china, we analyzed the structure and predicted functions of the r protein in comparison with 13 other isolates of sars-cov and 6 other coronaviruses. the entire orf (open-reading frame) encode ... | 2003 | 15626345 |
| [study on the stability of sars coronavirus]. | 2004 | 15628533 | |
| complete genome sequences of the sars-cov: the bj group (isolates bj01-bj04). | beijing has been one of the epicenters attacked most severely by the sars-cov (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus) since the first patient was diagnosed in one of the city's hospitals. we now report complete genome sequences of the bj group, including four isolates (isolates bj01, bj02, bj03, and bj04) of the sars-cov. it is remarkable that all members of the bj group share a common haplotype, consisting of seven loci that differentiate the group from other isolates publish ... | 2003 | 15629030 |
| the c-terminal portion of the nucleocapsid protein demonstrates sars-cov antigenicity. | in order to develop clinical diagnostic tools for rapid detection of the sars-cov (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus) and to identify candidate proteins for vaccine development, the c-terminal portion of the nucleocapsid (nc) gene was amplified using rt-pcr from the sars-cov genome, cloned into a yeast expression vector (pegh), and expressed as a glutathione s-transferase (gst) and hisx6 double-tagged fusion protein under the control of an inducible promoter. western analy ... | 2003 | 15629031 |
| the epitope study on the sars-cov nucleocapsid protein. | the nucleocapsid protein (n protein) has been found to be an antigenic protein in a number of coronaviruses. whether the n protein in severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) is antigenic remains to be elucidated. using western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the recombinant n proteins and the synthesized peptides derived from the n protein were screened in sera from sars patients. all patient sera in this study displayed strong positive immunoreact ... | 2003 | 15629032 |
| a strategy for searching antigenic regions in the sars-cov spike protein. | in the face of the worldwide threat of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) to human life, some of the most urgent challenges are to develop fast and accurate analytical methods for early diagnosis of this disease as well as to create a safe anti-viral vaccine for prevention. to these ends, we investigated the antigenicity of the spike protein (s protein), a major structural protein in the sars-coronavirus (sars-cov). based upon the theoretical analysis for hydrophobicity of the s protein, 1 ... | 2003 | 15629033 |
| evolution and variation of the sars-cov genome. | knowledge of the evolution of pathogens is of great medical and biological significance to the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of infectious diseases. in order to understand the origin and evolution of the sars-cov (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus), we collected complete genome sequences of all viruses available in genbank, and made comparative analyses with the sars-cov. genomic signature analysis demonstrates that the coronaviruses all take the tgtt as their richest ... | 2003 | 15629034 |
| genome organization of the sars-cov. | annotation of the genome sequence of the sars-cov (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus) is indispensable to understand its evolution and pathogenesis. we have performed a full annotation of the sars-cov genome sequences by using annotation programs publicly available or developed by ourselves. totally, 21 open reading frames (orfs) of genes or putative uncharacterized proteins (pups) were predicted. seven pups had not been reported previously, and two of them were predicted ... | 2003 | 15629035 |
| preliminary study on the detection of the sars-cov specific target cdna fragments by multiplex pcr. | the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique was applied to detect the sars-cov (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus) specific target cdna fragments in the present study. the target cdna fragments of sars-cov were synthesized artificially according to the genome sequence of sars-cov in genbank submitted by the chinese university of hong kong, and were used as simulated positive samples. five primers recommended by world health organization (who) were used to ampli ... | 2004 | 15629044 |
| molecular advances in severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov). | the sudden outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in 2002 prompted the establishment of a global scientific network subsuming most of the traditional rivalries in the competitive field of virology. within months of the sars outbreak, collaborative work revealed the identity of the disastrous pathogen as sars-associated coronavirus (sars-cov). however, although the rapid identification of the agent represented an important breakthrough, our understanding of the deadly virus remains ... | 2003 | 15629054 |
| [construction and screening of human phage antibody library against sars virus]. | to construct human phage antibody library against sars virus. | 2005 | 15629082 |
| [preparation of specific monoclonal antibody against nucleocapsid protein of sars coronavirus]. | to express nucleocapsid(n) protein of sars coronavirus and produce monoclonal antibody(mab) to n protein. | 2005 | 15629083 |
| immune responses with dna vaccines encoded different gene fragments of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in balb/c mice. | to analyze the immune responses of dna vaccine encoded different gene fragments of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), sars-cov gene fragments of membrane (m), nucleocapsid (n), spike a (sa), and spike b (sb) proteins were cloned into pcdna3.1 (invitrogen) vector to form plasmids pcdnam, pcdnan, pcdnasa, and pcdnasb, respectively. after mice were immunized intramuscularly with pcdnam, pcdnan or pcdnasa-pcdnasb plasmid, blood was collected and serum was separated. humoral im ... | 2005 | 15629440 |
| the structure of a rigorously conserved rna element within the sars virus genome. | we have solved the three-dimensional crystal structure of the stem-loop ii motif (s2m) rna element of the sars virus genome to 2.7-a resolution. sars and related coronaviruses and astroviruses all possess a motif at the 3' end of their rna genomes, called the s2m, whose pathogenic importance is inferred from its rigorous sequence conservation in an otherwise rapidly mutable rna genome. we find that this extreme conservation is clearly explained by the requirement to form a highly structured rna ... | 2004 | 15630477 |
| inactivation of sars coronavirus by means of povidone-iodine, physical conditions, and chemical reagents. | the efficacy of several povidone-iodine (pvp-i) products, a number of other chemical agents, and various physical conditions were evaluated for their ability to inactivate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov). treatment of sars-cov with pvp-i products for 2 min reduced the virus infectivity from 1.17 x 10(6) tcid50/ml to below the detectable level. the efficacy of 70% ethanol was equivalent to that of pvp-i products. fixation of sars-cov-infected vero e6 cells with a fixa ... | 2004 | 15631008 |
| [a preliminary investigation on the serological and epidemiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children]. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a highly contagious infection caused by a newly discovered strain of coronavirus (sars-cov). during the outbreak of sars in the first half of 2003, children appeared to be less susceptible to the sars coronavirus and pediatric patients presented with a less aggressive clinical course than adult patients did, demonstrating the traits which were rarely observed in other viral contagious disease. the present study aimed to preliminarily examine the pr ... | 2004 | 15631713 |
| [study on the response of specific antibodies against sars-cov in patients infected with sars]. | to study the response of specific antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-cov in patients infected with sars. | 2004 | 15631740 |
| [serological investigation on close contacts to patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome in an sars outbreak]. | to study the evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) infection among close contacts to sars patients and the level of sera igg antibody in sars cases. | 2004 | 15631743 |
| [detection of sars-cov and rna on aerosol samples from sars-patients admitted to hospital]. | to assess the risk of aerosol transmission in severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) patients admitted to hospital through testing the air samples. | 2004 | 15631748 |
| [preparation of monoclonal antibodies against sars coronavirus and staining usage in lung autopsy specimens]. | to prepare monoclonal antibodies against sars coronavirus (sars-cov) on the purpose to explore the diagnosis methods of sars. | 2004 | 15631779 |
| a large-volume nebulizer would not be an infectious source for severe acute respiratory syndrome. | we attempted to detect the presence of airborne sars-coronavirus (cov) in a healthcare setting when a patient with sars used a humidifier or a large-volume nebulizer (lvn). all of the air samples from the humidifier and lvn were found to have negative sars-cov-specific dna products. | 2004 | 15636302 |
| molecular genetic methods in the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections. | molecular diagnostic techniques, such as pcr, have become useful tools for the rapid etiological diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections. nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) have been evaluated for detecting most respiratory pathogens, and commercial assays are available for some pathogens. however, standardized protocols are needed before these assays are introduced into routine diagnostic use. for pneumonia, naats offer advantages over conventional tests for the detection of mycop ... | 2004 | 15638835 |
| dynamic changes of serum sars-coronavirus igg, pulmonary function and radiography in patients recovering from sars after hospital discharge. | the intent of this study was to examine the recovery of individuals who had been hospitalized for severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in the year following their discharge from the hospital. parameters studied included serum levels of sars coronavirus (sars-cov) igg antibody, tests of lung function, and imaging data to evaluate changes in lung fibrosis. in addition, we explored the incidence of femoral head necrosis in some of the individuals recovering from sars. | 2005 | 15638943 |
| duration of rt-pcr positivity in severe acute respiratory syndrome. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a highly infectious respiratory infection with a high mortality. the duration of infectivity is unknown. the rt-pcr positivity for sars-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) was followed in 45 virologically confirmed sars patients. serial rt-pcrs for sars-cov were performed in the nasopharyngeal aspirate, stool and urine of 45 sars patients who survived until discharge. all patients had at least one site that was positive for sars-cov on presentation. time ... | 2005 | 15640317 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome and critical care medicine: the toronto experience. | the 2003 global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) provided numerous challenges to the delivery of critical care. the toronto critical care community has learned important lessons from sars, which will help in preparation for future disease outbreaks. | 2005 | 15640680 |
| [development and preliminary application of monoclonal antibodies against n protein of sars virus]. | to develop the monoclonal antibody against n protein of sars virus and study its applicability. | 2004 | 15640861 |
| [potent neutralization antibody elicited in mice by sars-associated coronavirus spike protein s1 domain]. | to study the antigenicity of sars associated coronavirus (cov) spike s1 (12-672aa) domain. | 2004 | 15640862 |
| expression and purification of sars coronavirus membrane protein. | to construct a recombinant plasmid pet23a-m, the gene encoding severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus membrane protein was amplified by rt-pcr and cloned into the expression plasmid pet23a. results of restriction endonuclease analysis, pcr detection and dna sequencing analysis revealed that the cloned dna sequence was the same as that reported. the recombinants were transformed into escherichia coli (e. coli) bl21 (de3) and induced by isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside (iptg). ... | 2004 | 15641679 |