Publications

polyhedrin sequence determines the tetrahedral shape of occlusion bodies in thysanoplusia orichalcea single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus.	a nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) isolated from the looper thysanoplusia orichalcea l. (lepidoptera: noctuidae) (thornpv) is occluded in a tetrahedral protein matrix. the orf of the thornpv polyhedrin gene contains 738 nt which code for 246 amino acids of the putative polyhedrin protein with an estimated molecular mass of 28,778 da. the promoter of this gene is similar in length to the promoter of spodoptera frugiperda npv (sfmnpv), with a 5 nt deletion before the start codon compared to those of oth ...	1998	9780063
determination of provitamin a of green leafy vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography and open column chromatography.	the purpose of study was to determine the provitamin a value through beta-carotene analysis of five brazilian leafy vegetables: carrot leaves (daucus carota l.), beet leaves (beta vulgaris l.) "serralha" (sonchus oleracea l.), mint (mentha piperita ll.) and celery leaves (aplum graveolens. l.). two analysis methods were used: open-column chromatography (occ) and high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). two analysis methods were used: open-column chromatography (occ) and high performance li ...	2013	9795484
positive correlation between recombination rates and levels of genetic variation in natural populations of sea beet (beta vulgaris subsp. maritima).	the relation between the level of genetic variation and the rate of recombination per physical unit was investigated in sea beet (beta vulgaris subsp. maritima). the rate of recombination per physical unit was estimated indirectly through marker density in an rflp linkage map of sugar beet. from this map, we also selected rflp markers covering two of the nine chromosomes in beta. the markers were used to estimate the level of genetic variation in three populations of sea beet, two from italy and ...	1998	9799275
concerted biosynthesis of an insect elicitor of plant volatiles.	a variety of agricultural plant species, including corn, respond to insect herbivore damage by releasing large quantities of volatile compounds and, as a result, become highly attractive to parasitic wasps that attack the herbivores. an elicitor of plant volatiles, n-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-l-glutamine, named volicitin and isolated from beet armyworm caterpillars, is a key component in plant recognition of damage from insect herbivory. chemical analysis of the oral secretion from beet armyworms t ...	1998	9811910
relationships among absorbents on the reduction of grass silage effluent and silage quality.	effluent from grass silage is a threat to water quality and a loss of valuable forage nutrients from dairy farms. absorbents potentially reduce effluent loss when weather conditions are not ideal for field wilting. the objective was to determine the effectiveness of various absorbents at reducing silage effluent. first-harvest, direct-cut, perennial grass forage was ensiled with and without absorbents in medium-sized experimental silos for 3 consecutive yr. silos contained 4.54 kg of grass and o ...	1998	9812269
accumulation of cadmium from wheat bran, sugar-beet fibre, carrots and cadmium chloride in the liver and kidneys of mice.	the gastrointestinal absorption and organ distribution of cd after exposure for 9 weeks to three fibre-rich foodstuffs (wheat bran, sugar-beet fibre and carrots) were determined in mice. groups of eight mice were given a diet containing 0.05 mg cd/kg from wheat bran, sugar-beet fibre, carrots or cdcl2 mixed in a semi-synthetic, low-cd (< 0.007 mg/kg) feed. a control group was fed on the low-cd semi-synthetic feed. the water consumption, food consumption and the weight of the animals were monitor ...	1998	9828763
properties of a virus causing mosaic and leaf curl disease of celosia argentea l. in nigeria.	a sap transmissible virus, causing mosaic and leaf curl disease of celosia argentea, was isolated at vegetable farms in amuwo odofin, tejuoso, and abule ado, lagos, nigeria. the virus had a restricted host range confined to a few species of the amaranthaceae, chenopodiaceae and solanaceae families. it failed to infect several other species of the aizoaceae, brassicaceae, cucurbitaceae, fabaceae, lamiaceae, malvaceae, poaceae and tiliaceae families. the virus was transmitted in a non-persistent m ...	1998	9842442
oligosaccharides generated by partial hydrolysis of the borate-rhamnogalacturonan ii complex from sugar beet.	the borate-rhamnogalacturonan ii complex (b-rg-ii), isolated from sugar beet (beta vulgaris), was partially acid-hydrolyzed. the oligosaccharides generated were characterized by glycosyl-composition and glycosyl-linkage analyses, es-mass, and nmr spectroscopy. two disaccharides, alpha-l-rhap-(1-->5)-d-kdo and alpha-l-araf-(1-->5)-dha, an aceric acid-containing oligosaccharide, and a 2-o-me-xyl-containing oligosaccharide, in addition to partially methyl-esterified alpha-(1-->4)-oligogalacturonide ...	1998	9842725
physico-chemical properties of the female sex pheromone of heterodera schachtii (nematoda: heteroderidae).	several physico-chemical properties of the female sex pheromone of the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii were elucidated. at least one component of the pheromone can be extracted from aqueous solutions with diethyl ether. however, the pheromone has a higher solubility in water, as most of the pheromone activity remained in the water fraction. ion exchange chromatography revealed that the pheromone or at least one of its components is positively charged, whereas another pheromone component ...	1998	9846605
[pectin production from burdock (arctium sp.)].	the pectin complex of different morphological parts of burdock: leaf, leaf stems, main stock have been investigated. high quantity of pectic substances about 1.9% per wet mass, has been detected in the leaf stems of burdock. it has been also established that pressed leaf stems as to pectin content (about 21% of dry mass) do not give in to traditional raw material for pectin production: pressed apple, squeezed sugar-beet, citrus fruit peel, sunflower head, etc. the technological scheme of pectin ...	2015	9848148
ultrastructural localization of nonstructural and coat proteins of 19 potyviruses using antisera to bacterially expressed proteins of plum pox potyvirus.	antisera to the bacterially expressed nonstructural proteins (nsp) hc-pro, ci, nia, and nib and the coat protein (cp) of plum pox potyvirus (ppv) were used for analysing the composition of virus-induced cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions by electron microscopy. the antisera reacted with nsp and cp of ppv on immunogold-labelled ultrathin sections. antiserum to cp reacted with virions of seven out of 18 other potyviruses. cp was distributed throughout the cytoplasm of infected cells. antisera to p ...	1998	9856098
in situ population dynamics of bacterial viruses in a terrestrial environment	predation by bacteriophages is thought to control bacterial numbers and facilitate gene transfer among bacteria in the biosphere. a thorough understanding of phage population dynamics is therefore necessary if their significance in natural environments is to be fully appreciated. here we describe the in situ population dynamics of three separate phage populations predating on separate bacterial species, living on the surface of field-grown sugar beet (beta vulgaris var. amethyst), as recorded ov ...	1999	9872776
isolation and stability of histidine-tagged proteins produced in plants via potyvirus gene vectors.	a system for the expression and purification of histidine-tagged proteins from plants has been developed using a tobacco etch potyvirus (tev)-derived gene vectors. the vectors offered a convenient polylinker and a choice of histidine tagging at the recombinant proteins' n or c termini. these vectors were utilized for expression of proteins encoded by beet yellows closterovirus (byv). approximately 4 micrograms/g of 20-kda byv protein was readily isolated from plants systemically infected by hybr ...	1998	9875335
flow injection analysis system for the supervision of industrial chromatographic downstream processing in biotechnology.	sugar beet molasses is a natural resource for various products used in daily life, ranging from sucrose to amino acids for pharmaceutical industry. the separation of molasses into these high value components is performed on a large scale by ion exchange/exclusion chromatography. a biosensor system was set up for the "in time" analysis of serine and sucrose during molasses desugarisation. d-serine was analysed with the multi-enzyme system d-serine dehydratase/lactic dehydrogenase and photometric ...	1998	9883558
elevation of conjugated cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic acid in bovine milk because of dietary supplementation.	cows on pasture were fed full fat soybeans (toasted, flaked, and pelleted) or ground full fat rapeseeds to investigate effects on cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic acid in milk. three herds of 16 cows each that were on pasture were fed 3.1 kg/d of unmolassed beet pulp (control), 3.0 kg/d of rapeseed concentrate, or 3.1 kg/d of a soybean supplement. the concentration of cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic acid in the milk of cows fed the rapeseed and soybean supplements was significantly higher than in ...	1998	9891271
inhibition of vacuolar ion channels by polyamines.	in this work, direct effects of cytosolic polyamines on the two principle vacuolar ion channels were studied by means of patch-clamp technique. fast and slow activating vacuolar channels were analyzed on membrane patches isolated from vacuoles of the red beet taproot. the potency of the fast and of the slow vacuolar channel blockage by polyamines decreased with a decrease of the polycation charge, spermine4+ > spermidine3+ > putrescine2+. in contrast to the inhibition of the fast vacuolar channe ...	1999	9916144
alkylfurans: effects of alkyl side-chain length on insecticidal activity.	the insecticidal activity of five alkylfurans against the generalist insect herbivore beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, was examined. two naturally occurring compounds, the avocadofurans 2-(pentadecyl)furan (1) and 2-(heptadecyl)furan (2), previously isolated from specialized avocado idioblast oil cells, and three homologues, 2-(tetradecyl)furan (3), 2-(hexadecyl)furan (4), and 2-(octadecyl)furan (5), were synthesized. bioassays of alkylfurans 1-5 using a 9-day diet-incorporation initiated with ...	1999	9917319
antisense-mediated depletion of a potato lipoxygenase reduces wound induction of proteinase inhibitors and increases weight gain of insect pests.	de novo jasmonic acid (ja) synthesis is required for wound-induced expression of proteinase inhibitors and other defense genes in potato and tomato. the first step in ja biosynthesis involves lipoxygenase (lox) introducing molecular oxygen at the c-13 position of linolenic acid. we previously have shown that, in potato, at least two gene families code for 13-lox proteins. we have now produced transgenic potato plants devoid of one specific 13-lox isoform (lox-h3) through antisense-mediated deple ...	1999	9927708
the energetic value of nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to physical activity in group-housed, growing pigs.	the dose response effect of dietary nonstarch polysaccharide (nsp) content on physical activity in relation to metabolic rate in pigs was studied. twelve clusters of 14 pigs (50-kg castrated males) were fed one of four diets, similar in composition, except for the starch and nsp content. the difference in starch and nsp ratio was created by exchanging sugar beet pulp silage (sbps) for tapioca. on a dm basis, diets contained 0, 5, 10, or 15% sbps. pigs were housed in groups and fed at 2.5 times t ...	1998	9928606
redox agents regulate ion channel activity in vacuoles from higher plant cells.	the ability of redox agents to modulate certain characteristics of voltage- and calcium-activated channels has been recently investigated in a variety of animal cells. we report here the first evidence that redox agents regulate the activation of ion channels in the tonoplast of higher plants. using the patch-clamp technique, we have demonstrated that, in tonoplasts from the leaves of the marine seagrass posidonia oceanica and the root of the sugar beet, a variety of sulphydryl reducing agents, ...	1999	9928987
the minor coat protein of beet yellows closterovirus encapsidates the 5' terminus of rna in virions.	filamentous particles of beet yellows closterovirus (byv) are built of two related capsid proteins, of which the minor species, p24, forms a 75 nm tail at one end of the virion. in the present work, we used polyclonal antibodies against p24 for isolating the 'tailed' virion segments from sonicated byv particle preparations. the [gamma-32p]atp-labelled rna obtained from the antibody-selected particle segments consistently showed stronger hybridization with the 5'-terminal byv cdna clones than wit ...	1999	9934711
evaluation of the physical structure of fodder beets, potatoes, pressed beet pulp, brewers grains, and corn cob silage.	the physical structure of fodder beets, raw potatoes, ensiled pressed sugar beet pulp, ensiled brewers grains, and corn cob silage was evaluated in diets containing concentrates and either corn silage or grass silage as the roughage source. in one series of experiments, the chewing activity of eight cows was measured over 4 d. the beet pulp and fodder beets were added to the two roughage sources at two ratios [20:80 and 35:65, dry matter (dm) basis]. potatoes, brewers grains, and corn cob silage ...	1999	10022013
effects of type of carbohydrate supplementation to lush pasture on microbial fermentation in continuous culture.	eight single-flow continuous culture fermenters were used to study the effects of the type of energy source on ruminal n utilization from high quality pasture. the four dietary treatments included high quality grass and legume pasture alone (50:50; wt/wt), pasture plus soybean hulls, pasture plus beet pulp, and pasture plus corn. diets supplemented with additional sources of energy (soybean hulls, beet pulp, and corn) were isocaloric but differed in the type and rate of carbohydrate fermentation ...	1999	10022017
the structure of plant vacuolar membranes according to infrared spectroscopy.	the structure of the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) was studied in red beet roots by ir spectroscopy. the vacuolar membrane was shown to be composed of highly ordered lipids which form regions of free liquid lipid bilayer loosely bound to integral proteins. the prevalence of polar lipids in the tonoplast is responsible for the high elasticity and fluidity of the membrane. the presence of alpha-tocopherol in the tonoplast membrane accounts for a high antioxidant activity of the membrane. integral ...	1998	10024971
overexpression of the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry2aa2 protein in chloroplasts confers resistance to plants against susceptible and bt-resistant insects.	evolving levels of resistance in insects to the bioinsecticide bacillus thuringiensis (bt) can be dramatically reduced through the genetic engineering of chloroplasts in plants. when transgenic tobacco leaves expressing cry2aa2 protoxin in chloroplasts were fed to susceptible, cry1a-resistant (20,000- to 40,000-fold) and cry2aa2-resistant (330- to 393-fold) tobacco budworm heliothis virescens, cotton bollworm helicoverpa zea, and the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua, 100% mortality was observed a ...	1999	10051556
comparison of melibiose utilizing baker's yeast strains produced by genetic engineering and classical breeding.	yeast strains currently used in the baking industry cannot fully utilize the trisaccharide raffinose found in beet molasses due to the absence of melibiase (alpha-galactosidase) activity. to overcome this deficiency, the mel1 gene encoding melibiase enzyme was introduced into baker's yeast by both classical breeding and recombinant dna technology. both types of yeast strains were capable of vigorous fermentation in the presence of high levels of sucrose, making them suitable for the rapidly deve ...	1999	10063644
minor groove rna triplex in the crystal structure of a ribosomal frameshifting viral pseudoknot.	many viruses regulate translation of polycistronic mrna using a -1 ribosomal frameshift induced by an rna pseudoknot. a pseudoknot has two stems that form a quasi-continuous helix and two connecting loops. a 1.6 a crystal structure of the beet western yellow virus (bwyv) pseudoknot reveals rotation and a bend at the junction of the two stems. a loop base is inserted in the major groove of one stem with quadruple-base interactions. the second loop forms a new minor-groove triplex motif with the o ...	1999	10074948
complete glycan structure of the s-layer glycoprotein of aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus gs4-97.	isolate gs4-97 was purified from an extraction juice sample of an austrian beet sugar factory and affiliated to the newly described species aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus. it is closely related to the type strain of this species, a.thermoaerophilus l420-91(t), and possesses a square surface layer (s-layer) array composed of identical glycoprotein monomers as its outermost cell envelope component. by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the purified s-layer showed an appa ...	1999	10089215
effect of spumol k on the ultrastructure of aspergillus niger strains sensitive or resistant to toxic compounds of beet molasses.	aspergillus niger strains sensitive and resistant to toxic compounds of beet molasses grown in the presence of spumol k were the object of the present studies. the antifoamer used diminished the number of mitochondria in both groups of strains and caused the reduction of their cristae in the sensitive ones. the disturbances in the ultrastructure of nucleus and mitochondria appeared mostly in sensitive strains. on the other hand, spumol k presence in resistant strains not only increased the numbe ...	1999	10091948
cdna and genomic cloning of sugar beet v-type h+-atpase subunit a and c isoforms: evidence for coordinate expression during plant development and coordinate induction in response to high salinity.	the plant v-type h+-atpase (v-atpase) does not only serve basic housekeeping functions but is also involved in stress-induced nacl sequestration during salinity stress. to address the question whether the same isoforms conferring housekeeping functions are equally involved in the response to high salinity, we have isolated cdna clones for subunits a and c, as representing the peripheral v1 complex and the membrane-integral v0 complex, respectively, from the halotolerant sugar beet (beta vulgaris ...	1999	10092175
influence of fermentable fiber on small intestinal dimensions and transport of glucose and proline in dogs.	to determine whether intestinal dimensions and nutrient absorption are influenced by different types of dietary fiber.	1999	10188819
binding of water, oil, and bile acids to dietary fibers of the cellan type.	dietary fibers (df) of the "cellan" type (consisting mainly or exclusively of undestroyed cells) were prepared as ethanol-dried materials from apple, cabbage, sugar-beet, soybean hulls, wheat bran, and suspension cultures of chenopodium album l. and investigated with respect to their interactions with water, water-oil dispersions, bile acids, and oil. water binding and retention capacities were found to be especially high in cellans obtained from thin-walled raw material. water damp sorption by ...	2013	10194401
the decisive step in betaxanthin biosynthesis is a spontaneous reaction1	experiments were performed to confirm that the aldimine bond formation is a spontaneous reaction, because attempts to find an enzyme catalyzing the last decisive step in betaxanthin biosynthesis, the aldimine formation, failed. feeding different amino acids to betalain-forming hairy root cultures of yellow beet (beta vulgaris l. subsp. vulgaris "golden beet") showed that all amino acids (s- and r-forms) led to the corresponding betaxanthins. we observed neither an amino acid specificity nor a st ...	1999	10198080
a cross-polarization, magic-angle-spinning, 13c-nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of polysaccharides in sugar beet cell walls	solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation experiments were used to study the rigidity and spatial proximity of polymers in sugar beet (beta vulgaris) cell walls. proton t1rho decay and cross-polarization patterns were consistent with the presence of rigid, crystalline cellulose microfibrils with a diameter of approximately 3 nm, mobile pectic galacturonans, and highly mobile arabinans. a direct-polarization, magic-angle-spinning spectrum recorded under conditions adapted to mobile polyme ...	1999	10198090
evaluation of pectin binding of heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions.	evaluation of adsorption performance of several industrially manufactured pectins towards some toxic heavy metals was carried out. adsorption isotherms for divalent cations in simulant aqueous solutions were measured and corresponding distribution coefficients were calculated. the following selectivity sequences we found for pectins: pb2+ >> cu2+ > co2+ > ni2+ >> zn2+ > cd2+. it was shown that a beet pectin exhibits a high affinity for pb2+ and cu2+ ions, an apple pectin for co2+ ion and a citru ...	1999	10204240
short-chain fatty acids suppress cholesterol synthesis in rat liver and intestine.	we previously showed that plasma cholesterol levels decreased following ingestion of a short-chain fatty acid (scfa) mixture composed of sodium salts of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids simulating cecal fermentation products of sugar-beet fiber (sbf). in the present study, we investigated whether hepatic and small intestinal cholesterol synthesis is involved in the cholesterol-lowering effects of scfa and sbf. in vitro (expt. 1) and in vivo (expt. 2) cholesterol synthesis rates and the diurn ...	1999	10222383
characterization of six bacteriophages of serratia liquefaciens cp6 isolated from the sugar beet phytosphere	six phages (phicp6-1 to phicp6-6) that are commonly found in the phytosphere of sugar beet (beta vulgaris var. amethyst) were investigated, and their relative impacts on their host (serratia liquefaciens cp6) were compared. there were fundamental differences between the two most abundant predators of cp6 (phicp6-1 and phicp6-4). like phicp6-2 and phicp6-5, phicp6-1 belonged to the family siphoviridae, while phicp6-4 exhibited the morphology of the family podoviridae. the other phages were member ...	1999	10223986
feruloyl esterase from aspergillus sp.: purification, properties, and action on natural substrates	an enzyme active toward the methyl ester of ferulic acid was isolated from the fungus aspergillus sp. and purified to homogeneity using ion-exchange and hydrophobic chromatography. the molecular weight of the enzyme is 42 kd, and its pi is 3.7. the enzyme has a ph optimum in the range 4-6 and a temperature optimum in the range 40 to 60 degrees c. using a number of synthetic and natural substrates, the enzyme was identified as a feruloyl esterase. the feruloyl esterase did not hydrolyze wheat str ...	1999	10231593
soybean hulls as a dietary fiber source for dogs.	in exp. 1, soybean hull samples were obtained from nine sources across the united states and analyzed for nutrient content to determine their suitability for inclusion in dog diets. compositional data revealed variation in both the amount of total dietary fiber (tdf; 63.8 to 81.2%) in the soybean hulls and the ratio of insoluble:soluble fiber (5.0:1 to 15.4:1). crude protein content varied widely among sources, ranging from 9.2 to 18.7%. an in vivo trial (exp. 2) was conducted using a premium do ...	1999	10328357
effect of rumen protected methionine supplementation on early lactational responses of dairy cows fed a grass silage and cereals diet.	to investigate the milk production limiting potential of a diet based on grass silage (40%), hay (15%), dried sugar beet pulp (13%) and grain compound mixture (32%), 28 multiparous cows in early lactation were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: a control group and a group receiving supplementary rumen protected methionine (rpmet) treatment (12 g intestinally available methionine/cow/day, given 1-120 days postpartum; smartamine; rpan's technology). the diet was formulated to meet the requ ...	1999	10344080
amelioration by glucose-6-phosphate and nadp of potato glycoalkaloid inhibition in cell, enzyme and liposome assays.	lysis of human erythrocytes by 20 microm chaconine was reduced by 0.5 mm glucose-6-phosphate (g6p) and nadp. both compounds caused approximately 50% inhibition of haemolysis at 1 mm. glucose, glucose-1-phosphate, rhamnose, galactose and galactose-6-phosphate were ineffective; nad was effective, although not to the extent of nadp. of the tested sugars, only g6p reduced solanine-induced haemolysis. g6p also reduced the synergistic haemolytic action of solanine and chaconine in combination. g6p and ...	1999	10349728
ingestion of sugar beet fiber enhances irradiation-induced aberrant crypt foci in the rat colon under an apoptosis-suppressed condition.	the induction of aberrant crypt foci (acf) by irradiation of gamma-rays (60co), and the effect of dietary sugar beet fiber (sbf) on irradiation-induced acf were examined. we found that abdominal irradiation of gamma-rays could induce acf in the rat colon. the irradiation was performed once a week at a dose rate of 2 or 3 gy per irradiation. irradiation-induced acf were observed in the colon at 10 weeks after the first irradiation at dose of 2 gy for six times or 3 gy for four times. dietary sbf ...	1999	10357780
scale-up of citric acid fermentation by redox potential control	to obtain high citric acid productivity in aspergillus niger fermentation on beet molasses substrate, a certain redox potential profile with two maxima (260 and 280 mv) and two minima (180 and 80 mv) must be maintained. the most effective regulation of redox potential is by regulation of aeration and agitation. it has been shown that control of redox potential by aeration and agitation is a most successful method for scale-up from 10-l laboratory scale to the 100- and 1000-l pilot-plant scale, e ...	1999	10404235
subcellular localization of the hsp70-homolog encoded by beet yellows closterovirus.	closteroviridae is the only viral family coding for a homolog of hsp70 (hsp70h). polyclonal antiserum to recombinant beet yellows closterovirus (byv) hsp70h was generated and used for immunogold labeling of the leaf samples derived from the infected nicotiana benthamiana plants. ultrastructural analysis revealed the preferential accumulation of byv in phloem, although occasional infection of the leaf mesophyll cells was also observed. the strongest hsp70h-specific labeling was associated with vi ...	1999	10405369
[chemical composition of 2 wild vegetable species compared with chard].	the nutritional quality of two wild vegetable species, kochia scoparia (ks) and chenopodium album (cha) was evaluated and compared with beta vulgaris var. cicla(chard) (bv), in order to propose their domestication as alternative protein sources. chemical percentual analysis (aoac), gaseous chromatography fatty acid determination, and antinutrient searching (by chemical, enzymatic and immunological method) were performed. protein quality was determined by the following indexes: net protein utiliz ...	1999	10412504
evidence for three groups of sequence variants of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna 5.	about half of japanese isolates of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) were found to contain rna 5 molecules, which were also detected in virus isolates from china and france. sequence comparisons of rna 5 (nucleotides 327 to 1171) in 25 isolates showed that there are up to 8% sequence differences, and that rna 5 variants fall into three groups: group i contains most of the japanese and chinese isolates, group ii two japanese isolates, and group iii four french isolates. the group i isolates ...	1999	10416372
fractionation of sugar beet pulp into pectin, cellulose, and arabinose by arabinases combined with ultrafiltration.	incubation of beet pulp with two arabinases (alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase and endo-arabinase), used singularly or in combination at different units of activity per gram of beet pulp, caused the hydrolysis of arabinan, which produced a hydrolyzate consisting mainly of arabinose. pectin and a residue enriched with cellulose were subsequently separated from the incubation mixture. the best enzymatic hydrolysis results were obtained when 100 u/g of beet pulp of each enzyme worked synergistically with ...	1999	10417217
isoesterases related to cell differentiation in plant tissue culture.	normal, habituated and transformed in vitro tissue lines of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.), horseradish (armoracia lapathifolia gilib.) and potato (solanum tuberosum l.) were studied with regard to isoesterase patterns. isoenzymes were separated in gradient gels (5-12%) of polyacrylamide and by isoelectric focussing in ph range 4-9. 1- and 2-naphtylacetate were used as substrates of broad spectrum which cover also esterases (arylesterases and carboxylesterases) reacting with organophosphorous com ...	1999	10421498
traumatic l1-l2 dislocation without fracture in a 6-year-old girl. incomplete neurologic deficit and total recovery.	a report of a rare complete dislocation of the first lumbar vertebra without fracture in a 6-year-old girl.	1999	10423795
processing, disulfide pattern, and biological activity of a sugar beet defensin, ax2, expressed in pichia pastoris.	ax2 is a 46-amino-acid cysteine-rich peptide isolated from sugar beet leaves infected with the fungus cercospora beticola (sacc.). ax2 strongly inhibits the growth of c. beticola and other filamentous fungi, but has little or no effect against bacteria. ax2 is produced in very low amounts in sugar beet leaves, and to study the protein in greater detail with respect to biological function and protein structural analysis, the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris was used for large-scale production ...	1999	10425158
antitumor and antiviral activity of colombian medicinal plant extracts.	extracts of nine species of plants traditionally used in colombia for the treatment of a variety of diseases were tested in vitro for their potential antitumor (cytotoxicity) and antiherpetic activity. mtt (tetrazolium blue) and neutral red colorimetric assays were used to evaluate the reduction of viability of cell cultures in presence and absence of the extracts. mtt was also used to evaluate the effects of the extracts on the lytic activity of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). the 50% cyto ...	1999	10446015
effects of structural modifications upon the accumulation in planta of replicons derived from beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna 3.	beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) rna 3 from which all but the 3' and 5' 'core' replication origins (promoters) have been deleted replicates when coinoculated to chenopodium quinoa with viral rnas 1 and 2. the resulting 'replicon' can be used to express inserted heterologous sequences in planta. the effects of alterations of replicon structure on its efficiency of accumulation in planta were examined. inclusion of up to approximately 240 nucleotides of sequence from the region immediately ...	1999	10446653
role of the 14-3-3 proteins in the regulation of h+-atpase activity in the plasma membrane of suspension-cultured sugar beet cells under cold stress.	all higher plants possess highly specific binding sites for fusicoccin, a metabolite of the fungus fusicoccum amygdali del. these sites are harboured in the plasma membranes and formed by a 14-3-3 protein dimer associated with the c-terminal autoinhibitory domain of h+-atpase. we considered the fusicoccin binding to plasma membranes to be an indicator of complexation between the 14-3-3 dimer and h+-atpase, we assessed the effect of cold stress on the interaction of these proteins in suspension-c ...	1999	10452522
development and field performance of a broad-spectrum nonviable asporogenic recombinant strain of bacillus thuringiensis with greater potency and uv resistance.	the main problems with bacillus thuringiensis products for pest control are their often narrow activity spectrum, high sensitivity to uv degradation, and low cost effectiveness (high potency required). we constructed a sporulation-deficient sigk(-) b. thuringiensis strain that expressed a chimeric cry1c/ab gene, the product of which had high activity against various lepidopteran pests, including spodoptera littoralis (egyptian cotton leaf worm) and spodoptera exigua (lesser [beet] armyworm), whi ...	1999	10473413
[content of nitrates and nitrites in market vegetables in wroclaw in the years 1996-1997].	the aim of analytical investigation included in this paper was the determination the nitrate and nitrite contents in 8 common vegetables: cabbage, carrot, parsley, potato, garden beet, cucumber, lettuce and radish in relation to the acceptable levels of nitrates. the samples of vegetables were taken from detail shops in wrocław in the years 1996-1997. a total of 151 samples of vegetables were analyzed. the nitrate and nitrite level was determined collorimetricaly with sulfanilic acid after previ ...	1999	10474289
regulation of closterovirus gene expression examined by insertion of a self-processing reporter and by northern hybridization.	a reporter open reading frame (orf) coding for a fusion of bacterial beta-glucuronidase (gus) with a proteinase domain (pro) derived from tobacco etch potyvirus was utilized for tagging individual genes of beet yellows closterovirus (byv). insertion of this reporter orf between the first and second codons of the byv orfs encoding the hsp70 homolog (hsp70h), a major capsid protein (cp), and a 20-kda protein (p20) resulted in the expression of the processed gus-pro reporter from corresponding subg ...	1999	10482546
possible role of xanthobaccins produced by stenotrophomonas sp. strain sb-k88 in suppression of sugar beet damping-off disease.	three antifungal compounds, designated xanthobaccins a, b, and c, were isolated from the culture fluid of stenotrophomonas sp. strain sb-k88, a rhizobacterium of sugar beet that suppresses damping-off disease. production of xanthobaccin a in culture media was compared with the disease suppression activities of strain sb-k88 and less suppressive strains that were obtained by subculturing. strain sb-k88 was applied to sugar beet seeds, and production of xanthobaccin a in the rhizosphere of seedlin ...	1999	10508056
identification of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin cry1c domain iii amino acid residues involved in insect specificity.	cry1c domain iii amino acid residues involved in specificity for beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua) were identified. for this purpose, intradomain iii hybrids between cry1e (nontoxic) and cry1e-cry1c hybrid g27 (toxic) were made. crossover points of these hybrids defined six sequence blocks containing between 1 and 19 of the amino acid differences between cry1e and g27. blocks b, c, d, and e of g27 were shown to be required for optimal activity against s. exigua. block e was also required for opt ...	1999	10508062
alterations in organization and transcription of the mitochondrial genome of cytoplasmic male sterile sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.).	we have constructed a physical map of the mitochondrial dna of a cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) sugar beet line, tk81-ms, and compared it with that published for normal fertile sugar beet (cv. tk81-o) to clarify the differences between the cms and normal mitochondrial genomes. the tk81-ms genome is present as a single circular molecule of 481.8 kb, or as two molecules of 184.9 and 296.9 kb. the cms genome was found to be highly rearranged relative to the normal mitochondrial genome, with at leas ...	1999	10517324
calcium-induced calcium release mediated by a voltage-activated cation channel in vacuolar vesicles from red beet.	little is known about the mechanisms underlying calcium-induced ca2+ release (cicr) in plants. the slow-activating vacuolar (sv) channel is both permeable to, and activated by ca2+, and is therefore a prime candidate for a role in cicr. cytosol-side-out vacuolar membrane vesicles loaded with 45ca2+ showed voltage- and ca(2+)-dependent ca2+ release, which was sensitive to the sv channel modulators dids, protein phosphatase 2b and calmodulin. significantly, voltage-dependent ca2+ release strongly ...	1999	10518930
chitinolytic activity of pseudomonas fluorescens isolates from barley and sugar beet rhizosphere.	twelve isolates of pseudomonas fluorescens, isolated from barley and sugar beet rhizosphere as antagonists towards the plant pathogenic microfungi rhizoctonia solani and pythium ultimum, showed chitinolytic activity in batch cultures when grown in media without exogenous chitin. enzyme tests in cultures demonstrated a complete array of chitinolytic enzymes. endochitinase and chitobiosidase activities seemed to be tightly coupled in the isolates, while there was no relationship to n-acetyl-glucos ...	1999	10525178
determination of endogenous formaldehyde in plants (fruits) bound to l-arginine and its relation to the folate cycle, photosynthesis and apoptosis.	a very powerful nucleophilic reagent, hydralazine(1-hydrazino-phtalazine) proved to be suitable for determination of the endogenous formaldehyde level in biological samples. it was found that in different plants (vegetables, fruits, especially in red beet, cauliflower, kohlrabi, grapes) is a large amount of releasable endogenous formaldehyde (0.5-1.0 mm) bound to l-arginine mainly in the form of n(g)-trihydroxymethyl-l-arginine (trihma). n(g)-hydroxymethyl-l-arginines (hma) were proved to transf ...	1998	10526968
methyl jasmonate induces expression of a novel brassica juncea chitinase with two chitin-binding domains.	we have cloned a 1.3 kb brassica juncea cdna encoding bjchi1, a novel acidic chitinase with two chitin-binding domains that shows 62% identity to nicotiana tabacum chia1 chitinase. bjchi1 is structurally unlike chia1 that has one chitin-binding domain, but resembles chia5 chitinase uda1, the precursor of urtica dioica agglutinin: however there is only 36.9% identity between them. we propose that bjchi1 should be classified under a new class, chia7. the spacer and the hinge region of bjchi1 are p ...	1999	10527425
influence of long-term feeding of limited amounts of phosphorus on dry matter intake, milk production, and body weight of dairy cows.	for almost two lactations, 24 high-yielding, multiparous dairy cows were fed a basal diet and concentrate mixtures with three different p concentrations. the basal diet consisted of grass (silage or artificially dried), corn silage, wet beet pulp, straw, and concentrates. the concentrate mixtures differed only in p content by varying the amount of monosodium phosphate. the number of cows and the amount of dietary p, expressed as a percentage of current recommendations in the netherlands were: 6 ...	1999	10531601
ecological basis for biocontrol of damping-off disease by pseudomonas fluorescens 54/96	pseudomonas fluorescens 54/96, originally isolated from the rhizosphere of sugar beet, has been shown to be commercially effective in field trials for the suppression of a number of fungal diseases of seedlings. in vitro and microcosm-based assays revealed that both the timing and method of application of bacteria were important for effective control of pythium ultimum, the causative agent of damping-off disease. following transposon mutagenesis (tn5lac), mutants deficient for the suppression of ...	1999	10540249
asymmetric block of the plant vacuolar ca(2+)-permeable channel by organic cations.	in this work we have analysed the voltage-dependent block of the slow activating channel from red beet vacuoles by tris, quaternary ammonium ions and the natural polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine. all these organic cations when applied from the cytosolic side blocked the channel by binding apparently deep (zdelta values in the range of 0.65-1.35) within the pore. tetraethylammonium ion did not pass the selectivity filter, whereas the cations with a smaller cross-section and tris cou ...	1999	10541793
plant production of volatile semiochemicals in response to insect-derived elicitors.	an increase in the release of volatile compounds by plants in response to insect feeding is triggered by interaction of elicitors in the oral secretions of insect herbivores with damaged plant tissues. this herbivore damage triggers de novo biosynthesis of volatile plant metabolites derived from several different biochemical pathways. natural enemies of herbivores use these volatile semiochemicals to locate their hosts. although some volatile compounds are released from storage in plants immedia ...	1999	10549550
flupyrsulfuron soil dissipation and mobility in winter wheat crops.	residues of the sulfonylurea herbicide flupyrsulfuron were extracted from cropping soils with 0.1 m nahco(3). the soil extracts were cleaned up by partitioning and repeated thin-layer chromatography. flupyrsulfuron was transformed by diazomethane into n-(4, 6-dimethoxypyrimidine-2-yl)-n-(3-methoxycarbonyl-6-trifluoromet hylpyr idine-2-yl)methylamine (2), which was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection, and confirmation for several samples was made by gas chromatog ...	1999	10552737
chemical and sensory properties of liquid beet sugar.	sensory analysis and headspace gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (gc-fid) analysis of liquid sugars (sucrose) designated for food-industrial use were performed in order to elucidate which compounds are responsible for perceived off-odors and off-flavors in liquid sugar. the liquid sugar samples investigated had various kinds of off-odors and off-flavors that might influence the quality of any food product in which they might be used, such as a jam or a soft drink. the sensory scores ...	1999	10552814
microbacterium kitamiense sp. nov., a new polysaccharide-producing bacterium isolated from the wastewater of a sugar-beet factory.	two strictly aerobic, heterotrophic and mesophilic new organisms, strains kitami a1 and kitami c2t, were isolated from the wastewater of a sugar-beet factory in kitami city, hokkaido, japan. in batch cultures, these organisms produced both insoluble and soluble exopolysaccharides (epss) utilizing sucrose as the sole carbon source. the g + c contents of the strains kitami c2t and kitami a1 were 69.2 mol%. both strains had anteiso-c15:0 acid, anteiso-c17:0 acid and iso-c16:0 as major components. t ...	1999	10555312
glucuronic acid directly linked to galacturonic acid in the rhamnogalacturonan backbone of beet pectins.	sugar-beet pulp was de-esterified and submitted to 72 h hydrolysis by 0.1 m hcl at 80 degrees c. oligomers containing a single glucuronic acid (glca) moiety in addition to n(>/= 2) repeats of the dimer -->4)-alpha-d-galpa-(1-->2)-alpha-l-rhap-(1--> were isolated from the hydrolysate by ion-exchange and gel-permeation. glycosyl linkage composition analysis and 1h nmr studies indicated that the glca was attached to o-3 of a galacturonic acid (gala) residue, as shown for the two pentamers beta-d-gl ...	1999	10561599
role of the beet western yellows virus readthrough protein in virus movement in nicotiana clevelandii.	luteoviruses such as beet western yellows polerovirus (bwyv) are confined to and multiply within the phloem compartment of their hosts. the readthrough domain (rtd) of the minor bwyv capsid protein p74 is required for efficient virus accumulation in nicotiana clevelandii. experiments were carried out to determine if the low virus titres observed following agro-inoculation of whole plants with certain rtd mutants are due to a defect in virus multiplication in the nucleate cells of the phloem comp ...	1999	10573174
complete sequence of rna 1 and the presence of trna-like structures in all rnas of potato mop-top virus, genus pomovirus.	the complete nucleotide sequence (6043 nt) of rna 1 from potato mop-top virus (pmtv-sw), the type member of the genus pomovirus, was determined. the first (5'-terminal) open reading frame (orf 1) encodes a predicted protein of 148 kda. orf 2 extends through the opal stop codon of orf 1 producing a predicted readthrough protein of 206 kda which resembles the rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrp) of other fungal-transmitted viruses. it includes a methyltransferase, a helicase and a gdd rdrp motif, ...	1999	10573175
impact of gene flow from cultivated beet on genetic diversity of wild sea beet populations	gene flow and introgression from cultivated plants may have important consequences for the conservation of wild plant populations. cultivated beets (sugar beet, red beet and swiss chard: beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) are of particular concern because they are cross-compatible with the wild taxon, sea beet (b.vs. ssp. maritima). cultivated beet seed production areas are sometimes adjacent to sea beet populations; the numbers of flowering individuals in the former typically outnumber those in the p ...	1999	10583835
specific mutations in a viral rna pseudoknot drastically change ribosomal frameshifting efficiency.	many viruses regulate protein synthesis by -1 ribosomal frameshifting using an rna pseudoknot. frameshifting is vital for viral reproduction. using the information gained from the recent high-resolution crystal structure of the beet western yellow virus pseudoknot, a systematic mutational analysis has been carried out in vitro and in vivo. we find that specific nucleotide tertiary interactions at the junction between the two stems of the pseudoknot are crucial. a triplex is found between stem 1 ...	1999	10588689
pcr-based cloning and segregation analysis of functional gene homologues in beta vulgaris.	to analyse genetic factors that potentially affect sugar quality and yield in beta vulgaris, we designed primers based on 18 homologous ests and conserved regions of 32 heterologous ests encoding gene products that act in the calvin cycle, the oxidative pentose phosphate cycle, photorespiration, synthesis, transport and degradation of sucrose, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, nitrogen metabolism and osmoprotection. data on the amplification of 54 gene homologues from b. vulgaris are presented. ...	1999	10589840
osmotic water permeability of isolated vacuoles	we measured the osmotic water permeability (p(os)) of vacuoles isolated from onion (allium cepa l.), rape (brassica napus l.), petunia (petunia hybrida hook.) and red beet (beta vulgaris l.). for all the vacuolar types investigated, p(os) values were in the range 200-1000 &mgr;m s(-1). the change in membrane surface area induced by an osmotic gradient was smaller than 2-6%. the vacuolar p(os) values for red beet and onion were reduced by 1 mm hgcl(2), to 14% and 30% of the control values, respec ...	1999	10592035
hsp70 homolog functions in cell-to-cell movement of a plant virus.	plant closteroviruses encode a homolog of the hsp70 (heat shock protein, 70 kda) family of cellular proteins. to facilitate studies of the function of hsp70 homolog (hsp70h) in viral infection, the beet yellows closterovirus (byv) was modified to express green fluorescent protein. this tagged virus was competent in cell-to-cell movement, producing multicellular infection foci similar to those formed by the wild-type byv. inactivation of the hsp70h gene by replacement of the start codon or by del ...	1999	10611288
betaine in wine: answer to the french paradox?	in france, a diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol is associated with low coronary artery disease mortality and it may be that drinking wine is protective against ischemic heart disease. recent studies suggest that high plasma homocysteine concentrations are an independent risk factor for coronary, cerebral and peripheral arterial occlusive diseases. one of several routes for metabolism of homocysteine involves methylation using betaine as the methyl donor. betaine is often added to less ex ...	1999	10616037
effects of point mutations in the readthrough domain of the beet western yellows virus minor capsid protein on virus accumulation in planta and on transmission by aphids.	point mutations were introduced into or near five conserved sequence motifs of the readthrough domain of the beet western yellows virus minor capsid protein p74. the mutant virus was tested for its ability to accumulate efficiently in agroinfected plants and to be transmitted by its aphid vector, myzus persicae. the stability of the mutants in the agroinfected and aphid-infected plants was followed by sequence analysis of the progeny virus. only the mutation y201d was found to strongly inhibit v ...	2000	10627524
dietary carbohydrates and fat influence radiographic bone mineral content of growing foals.	hydrolyzable carbohydrate intake in horse diets may become excessive when rapidly growing pastures are supplemented with grain-based concentrates. the substitution of fat and fiber for hydrolyzable carbohydrate in concentrates has been explored in exercising horses but not in young, growing horses. our objective was to compare bone development in foals that were fed pasture and concentrates rich in sugar and starch (corn, molasses) or fat and fiber (corn oil, beet pulp, soybean hulls, oat straw) ...	1999	10641881
efficient expression of foreign proteins in roots from tobravirus vectors.	viral vectors were constructed from infectious cdna clones of each of the three tobraviruses, tobacco rattle virus (trv), pea early-browning virus (pebv), and pepper ringspot virus (peprsv). rna2 of each of the three viruses was modified to carry an additional coat protein subgenomic promoter and was used to express green fluorescent protein (gfp) when inoculated to plants. the tobravirus expression vectors have a wide host range and were able to express gfp in, for example, nicotiana species, t ...	2000	10648180
an alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from penicillium purpurogenum: production, purification and properties.	penicillium purpurogenum secretes arabinofuranosidase to the growth medium. highest levels of enzyme (1.0 u ml(-1)) are obtained when l-arabitol is used as carbon source, while 0.85 and 0.7 u ml(-1) are produced with sugar beet pulp and oat spelts xylan, respectively. by means of a zymogram, three bands with arabinofuranosidase activity have been detected in the supernatant of a culture grown in oat spelts xylan. one of the enzymes was purified to homogeneity from this supernatant using gel filt ...	2000	10656340
a comparison of grain, oil and beet pulp as energy sources for the exercised horse.	high-grain diets for the exercising horse were compared with diets which provided 15% of the total caloric intake from either vegetable oil or a highly fermentable fibre source (beet pulp). six thoroughbreds age 3 years were fed one of 3 diets or 5 weeks in a replicated 3 x 3 latin square. the control diet was 3.65 kg of sweet feed (sf), 0.9 kg of a protein/vitamin/mineral pellet and 5.45 kg of hay cubes. the fat diet replaced 1.15 kg of sf with 0.45 kg of soybean oil and the fibre diet replaced ...	1999	10659304
beticolins, nonpeptidic, polycyclic molecules produced by the phytopathogenic fungus cercospora beticola, as a new family of ion channel-forming toxins.	beticolins are toxins produced by cercospora beticola, a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for the leaf spot disease of sugar beet. they form a family of 20 nonpeptidic compounds (named b0 to b19) that share the same polycyclic skeleton but differ by isomeric configuration (ortho- or para-) and by a variable residue r (bridging two carbons in one of the six cycles). it has been previously shown that b0 assembles itself into a multimeric structure and forms ion channels into planar lipid bilayer ...	2000	10659710
a geographic information assessment of birth weight and crop production patterns around mother's residence.	a landscape approach using remote sensing (rs) and geographic information system (gis) technologies was developed to identify the proximity of maternal residence to agricultural areas, and the association between crop production patterns around mothers residences and low birth weight was evaluated. satellite data obtained for weld county, colorado, in 1991 and 1993 were digitally processed to generate crop location maps for this study. gis procedures were then used to determine crop types within ...	2000	10662530
pea embryonic tissues show common responses to the replication of a wide range of viruses.	the response of pea embryonic tissues to the replication of a range of different viruses was investigated using in situ hybridization to analyze changes in the expression of two host genes, heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and lipoxygenase (lox1). excised pea embryos were infected using microprojectile bombardment with a nonseed transmissible strain of pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus, or with pea early browning tobravirus (pebv), white clover mosaic potexvirus, or beet curly top geminivirus. collec ...	2000	10662627
deletions in the kter-encoding domain, which is needed for polymyxa transmission, in manually transmitted isolates of beet necrotic yellow vein benyvirus.	one a and one b type isolate of beet necrotic yellow vein benyvirus which had been passaged for more than 15 years on manually inoculated chenopodium quinoa in our laboratory were found to have small deletions in the kter-encoding domain on rna 2 which is necessary for polymyxa transmission. there were no indications that these isolates and a third one, in which intact rna 2 was detected, contained mixtures of deleted and intact rnas or that populations of rnas 2 with different deletions includi ...	2000	10664414
improved detection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in a das elisa by means of antibody single chain fragments (scfv) which were selected to protease-stable epitopes from phage display libraries.	the detection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) in stored sugar beets by means of monoclonal antibodies or antibody single chain fragments (scfv) often poses problems, because the immunodominant c-terminal epitope of the viral coat protein is readily lost due to proteolysis. clones which produce scfv specific for protease-stable bnyvv epitopes were selected from two naive phage display libraries. fusion proteins of the scfv with a human igg kappa chain (expressed from the newly designed ...	2000	10664416
energetics of a strongly ph dependent rna tertiary structure in a frameshifting pseudoknot.	retroviruses employ -1 translational frameshifting to regulate the relative concentrations of structural and non-structural proteins critical to the viral life cycle. the 1.6 a crystal structure of the -1 frameshifting pseudoknot from beet western yellows virus reveals, in addition to watson-crick base-pairing, many loop-stem rna tertiary structural interactions and a bound na(+). investigation of the thermodynamics of unfolding of the beet western yellows virus pseudoknot reveals strongly ph-de ...	2000	10669615
the linkage disequilibrium between chloroplast dna and mitochondrial dna haplotypes in beta vulgaris ssp. maritima (l.): the usefulness of both genomes for population genetic studies.	the structure and evolution of the plant mitochondrial genome may allow recurrent appearance of the same mitochondrial variants in different populations. whether the same mitochondrial variant is distributed by migration or appears recurrently by mutation (creating homoplasy) in different populations is an important question with regard to the use of these markers for population genetic analyses. the genetic association observed between chloroplasts and mitochondria (i.e. two maternally inherite ...	2000	10672158
variable number of tandem repeat loci in the mitochondrial genomes of beets.	we found four unrelated tandem repeat loci (tr1, tr2, tr3 and tr4) in the mitochondrial genomes of beets, with the tr1 locus embedded within a three-membered family of recombining repeat sequences (the rrn26-repeat). tr1 is composed of an array of 32-bp tandem repeats, the number of which varies from 2 to 13 among the seven beet genotypes examined. it is interesting to note that tr1 has 7-bp direct repeats flanking the array, which may be involved in the generation of the tandem repeat array. su ...	2000	10672442
detection of beet yellows closterovirus methyltransferase-like and helicase-like proteins in vivo using monoclonal antibodies.	in the positive-stranded rna genome of beet yellows closterovirus (byv), the 5'-terminal orf 1a encodes a 295 kda polyprotein with the domains of papain-like cysteine proteinase, methyltransferase (mt) and helicase (hel), whereas orf 1b encodes an rna-dependent rna polymerase. eleven and five hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were derived from mice injected with the bacterially expressed fragments of the byv 1a product encompassing the mt and hel domains, respectively. ...	2000	10675397
iron deficiency decreases the fe(iii)-chelate reducing activity of leaf protoplasts.	the ferric-chelate reductase (fc-r) activity of mesophyll protoplasts isolated from fe-sufficient (control) and fe-deficient sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) leaves has been characterized. measurements were made in an ionic environment similar to that in the apoplastic space of the sugar beet mesophyll cells. the fc-r activity of fe-sufficient and fe-deficient protoplasts was dependent on light. fe deficiency decreased markedly the fc-r activity per protoplast surface unit. the optimal ph for the a ...	2000	10677427
effects of base ingredient in cooked molasses blocks on intake and digestion of prairie hay by beef steers.	twelve steers (332 kg) were used in three simultaneous 4 x 3 incomplete latin squares to evaluate effects of beet molasses (beet), cane molasses (cane), or concentrated separator by-product (csb) as base ingredients in cooked molasses blocks on intake and digestion of prairie hay and ruminal characteristics. all steers had ad libitum access to prairie hay (5.9% cp and 69.4% ndf; dm basis). the four experimental treatments included a control (no supplement) and three cooked molasses blocks, based ...	2000	10682818
genetic analysis of the cell-to-cell movement of beet yellows closterovirus.	a beet yellows closterovirus (byv) variant expressing green fluorescent protein and leaves of byv local lesion host claytonia perfoliata were used to reveal genetic requirements for byv cell-to-cell movement in leaf epidermis and mesophyll. a series of mutations targeting genes that are not involved in amplification of the viral positive-strand rna was analyzed. the products of genes coding for a 6-kda hydrophobic protein (p6) and a 64-kda protein (p64), as well as for minor and major capsid pro ...	2000	10683341
from sugar beet molasses to lyphan. integrated quality management from the raw material to the drug.	l-tryptophan is produced at the amino gmbh (frellstedt, frg) via biocatalytical condensation of the amino acid l-serine with indole. as a biocatalyst, tryptophan synthetase is used which is produced in high activities by a natural mutant escherichia coli strain. the enzyme mechanism and specificity and the individual process-parameters for the biotransformation procedure are explained as well as the purification process of educts and products. this includes a detailed description of the quality ...	1999	10721087
[variability of rna in morphogenesis of sugar beet and sunflower leaves].	we investigated the developmental gene expression patterns of beta vulgaris l. using dna: rna hybridization reactions. we found that 2,100 and 900 diversive poly(a)+mrna were synthesized while 430 and 4,000 diversive poly(a)+mrna were disappeared during greening in cells of cotyledons and during senescence in cells of yellowing leaves respectively. in the other periods of sugar beet vegetation differential poly(a)+mrna transcription failed to be revealed in the cells of green leaves within the l ...	2015	10726306
effect of type and quantity of concentrates on superovulation and embryo yield in beef heifers.	embryo yield and quality can be decreased following superovulation of cattle on high levels of concentrates. concentrate type can alter rumen fermentation patterns and so affect energy availability and thus embryo quality. the objectives of this experiment were to examine the effect of 2 levels and 2 types of concentrate on superovulatory response and embryo quality in beef heifers. beef heifers received grass silage as a basal diet and barley at 3 kg (n = 20) or ad-libitum (n = 19), or citrus/b ...	1999	10729090
vacuolar transport of the glutathione conjugate of trans-cinnamic acid.	red beet (beta vulgaris l.) tonoplast membrane vesicles and [14c]trans-cinnamic acid-glutatione were used to study the vacuolar transport of phynylpropanoid-glutathione conjugates which are formed in peroxidase-mediated reactions. it was determined that the uptake of [14c]trans-cinnamic acid-glutathione into the tonoplast membrane vesicles was mgatp dependent and was 10-fold faster than the uptake of non-conjugated [14c]trans-cinnamic acid. uptake of the conjugate in the presence of mgatp was no ...	2000	10731020