Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| oral ivermectin for head lice: a comparison with 0.5 % topical malathion lotion. | reports of treatment failure of head lice have become increasingly common. oral ivermectin has been proposed as a potential alternative for the treatment of head lice infestation. the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of oral ivermectin with topical malathion lotion in the treatment of head lice. | 2010 | 20718901 |
| evolution of cryptic coloration in ectoparasites. | cryptic coloration is a classic example of evolution by natural selection. however, it has been studied almost exclusively in predator-prey systems, despite the fact that it may evolve in other groups, such as ectoparasites. the principle defense of hosts against ectoparasites is grooming behavior, which has a visual component. host-imposed selection should lead to the evolution of background matching if it helps ectoparasites escape from grooming. here we use sister taxa comparisons to show tha ... | 2010 | 20722554 |
| a randomised, assessor blind, parallel group comparative efficacy trial of three products for the treatment of head lice in children--melaleuca oil and lavender oil, pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide, and a "suffocation" product. | there are many different types of pediculicides available otc in australia. in this study we compare the efficacy and safety of three topical pediculicides: a pediculicide containing melaleuca oil (tea tree oil) and lavender oil (tto/lo); a head lice "suffocation" product; and a product containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide (p/pb). | 2010 | 20727129 |
| notes on pediculus humanus (vestimenti) and pediculus capitis. | 1916 | 20768159 | |
| experiments on the destruction of lice and nits: i. the survival period of lice and nits (pediculus humanus) when submerged in tap water and water containing 1 per cent. of salt at various temperatures. | 1919 | 20769719 | |
| wood tar oils for the destruction of lice (pediculus humanus) on hair-clad areas. | 1921 | 20770485 | |
| update on treatments for head lice. | head lice infestation is common, and mainly affects children of primary school age.1 treatments include conventional chemical insecticides; fine tooth louse combs; and fluid preparations that work by a physical rather than chemical mode of action.1 however, each of these fails to eradicate head lice in some patients.1 other disadvantages include the long contact time required for certain preparations (e.g. 8 hours) and the time commitment for combing regimens. isopropyl myristate 50% in cyclomet ... | 2010 | 20855348 |
| body lice, yersinia pestis orientalis, and black death. | 2010 | 20875308 | |
| treatment of pediculosis capitis with topical albendazole. | abstract pediculosis capitis, or head lice infestation, caused by pediculus humanus capitis, is a common and ubiquitous health concern. increasing resistance and treatment failures are reported with available topical pediculicides and may prove challenging to manage. recent data indicate that the oral anti-helmintic agents thiabendazole and albendazole could represent new therapeutic options against pediculosis capitis. we report a novel treatment modality in four patients with head lice who wer ... | 2010 | 20964575 |
| the peacock versus the louse (pediculus humanus corporis): one soldier's contribution to combating trench fever in the first world war. | trench fever became a major worry for the allied high command during the first world war because of its debilitating effects on troop performance. the causes of the fever were not previously known, but entomological research identified the body louse (pediculus humanus corporis) as the carrier, and the royal army medical corps developed effective methods of control through disinfestation. these were markedly influenced by the researches of a young entomologist, alexander david peacock, which wer ... | 2010 | 20973437 |
| preparation of ddt emulsions using locally available solvents, and their insecticidal action against body lice. | 1945 | 20997141 | |
| recent work on the louse (pediculus humanus l.). | 1945 | 21014554 | |
| bioactivity of argentinean essential oils against permethrin-resistant head lice, pediculus humanus capitis. | infestation with the head louse, pediculus humanus capitis de geer (phthiraptera: pediculidae), is one of the most common parasitic infestation of humans worldwide. traditionally, the main treatment for control of head lice is chemical control that is based in a wide variety of neurotoxic synthetic insecticides. the repeated overuse of these products has resulted in the selection of resistant populations of head lice. thus, plant-derived insecticides, such as the essential oils seem to be good v ... | 2010 | 21062140 |
| new guidelines regarding head lice. | 2010 | 21067096 | |
| beak condition and cage density determine abundance and spatial distribution of northern fowl mites, ornithonyssus sylviarum, and chicken body lice, menacanthus stramineus, on caged laying hens. | adult white leghorn hens (hy-line strain w-36) were inoculated with either northern fowl mites or chicken body lice, and the ectoparasite populations were monitored over periods of 9 to 16 wk. two beak conditions (beak trimmed or beak intact) and 2 housing densities (1 or 2 hens per 25 × 31 cm suspended wire cage) were tested. populations of both ectoparasites were at least 10 times lower on beak-intact hens compared with populations on beak-trimmed hens. cage density did not influence mite numb ... | 2010 | 21076093 |
| chimeric mitochondrial minichromosomes of the human body louse, pediculus humanus: evidence for homologous and non-homologous recombination. | the mitochondrial (mt) genome of the human body louse, pediculus humanus, consists of 18 minichromosomes. each minichromosome is 3 to 4 kb long and has 1 to 3 genes. there is unequivocal evidence for recombination between different mt minichromosomes in p. humanus. it is not known, however, how these minichromosomes recombine. here, we report the discovery of eight chimeric mt minichromosomes in p. humanus. we classify these chimeric mt minichromosomes into two groups: group i and group ii. grou ... | 2010 | 21092752 |
| a pilot study of the use of oral ivermectin to treat head lice in primary school students in australia. | head lice are a common, costly public health problem worldwide. we aimed to determine the feasibility of an ivermectin intervention program. consenting students in two schools were screened for head lice. infested students and siblings at one school were offered a head lice fact sheet and two doses of oral ivermectin, 7 days apart. parents of infested students in the other school were given the same fact sheet and asked to treat the child and siblings using their preferred topical treatment. sev ... | 2010 | 21138467 |
| comparative toxicity of oxygenated monoterpenoids in experimental hydroalcoholic lotions to permethrin-resistant adult head lice. | the use of botanical compounds such as essential oils has recently become the subject of great interest as a natural means of pest control because of their ovicidal, larvicidal, or adulticidal activity against various insect species including head lice. we tested and compared the efficacy of pure oxygenated monoterpenoids that are main ingredients of essential oils of good biological activity. we used pulegone and citral, components of aloysia citrodora, and geraniol, citronellol, and linalool, ... | 2010 | 21174108 |
| [what's new in paediatric dermatology?]. | this paper summarizes a review of the medical literature focused on the field of pediatric dermatology from december 2009 to november 2010. our objective was to select the papers published in the main journals of dermatology, internal medicine, pediatrics, infectious diseases and allergy that bring new information and significant advances concerning skin diseases in children. recent advances in the field of infantile hemangiomas and atopic dermatitis are particularly detailed. this review also c ... | 2010 | 21193118 |
| synthesis of pediculocidal and larvicidal silver nanoparticles by leaf extract from heartleaf moonseed plant, tinospora cordifolia miers. | insecticide resistance and inadequate attention to the application instructions of topical pediculicides are common reasons for treatment failure. essential oils or plant extracts are good and safe alternatives due to their low toxicity to mammals and easy biodegradability. the present study was carried out to establish the pediculocidal and larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles (agnps) using leaf aqueous extract of tinospora cordifolia miers (menispermaceae) against the head l ... | 2011 | 21212979 |
| effectiveness of oral ivermectin and malathion lotion for difficult-to-treat head lice. | 2011 | 21242399 | |
| dimeticone 4% liquid gel found to kill all lice and eggs with a single 15 minute application. | 2011 | 21266024 | |
| permethrin treatment of head lice with knockdown resistance-like gene. | 2011 | 21268748 | |
| clinical efficacy and safety in head lice infection by pediculus humanis capitis de geer (anoplura: pediculidae) of a capillary spray containing a siucon-oil complex. | head lice are endemic worldwide. resistance to permethrin and doubts about the safety of pesticides promoted the use of physical therapies (wet-combing, dry-on suffocation). the aim of our study was to test the pediculicidal and ovicidal effects of one application of a silicon-oil complex composed of dimethiconol and castor oil. the study was a prospective cohort of 108 infested patients (11 males, 97 females; 58 children, 50 adults), in sri-lanka. pediculicidal efficacy was evaluated as the per ... | 2010 | 21275239 |
| prevalence of head lice and hygiene practices among women over twelve years of age in sindh, balochistan, and north west frontier province: national health survey of pakistan, 1990-1994. | head lice infestation is an infection of the scalp and skin which causes blood loss, discomfort, and social and psychological distress with the possibility of secondary bacterial infections occurring at scratch sites. in pakistan, although some small scale studies have been conducted to investigate prevalence of head lice in school children and the general population, no population based estimates have been reported. the national health survey of pakistan (nhsp 1990 - 94) was a nationally repres ... | 2011 | 21288357 |
| comparison of the humoral and cellular immune responses between body and head lice following bacterial challenge. | the differences in the immune response between body lice, pediculus humanus humanus, and head lice, pediculus humanus capitis, were investigated initially by measuring the proliferation rates of two model bacteria, a gram-positive staphylococcus aureus and a gram-negative escherichia coli, following challenge by injection. body lice showed a significantly reduced immune response compared to head lice particularly to e. coli at the early stage of the immune challenge. annotation of the body louse ... | 2011 | 21296152 |
| [head lice--again and again]. | 2010 | 21298977 | |
| efficacy of the lousebuster, a new medical device for treating head lice (anoplura:pediculidae). | human head lice (pediculus humanus capitis de geer) occur worldwide and infest millions of children and adults every year. head lice infestations, which are known as pediculosis capitis, are psychologically stressful, physically irritating, and are one of the leading causes of k-6 school absence. the prevalence of head lice in many countries is increasing rapidly because of resistance to chemicals used in many head lice treatments. we tested the efficacy of an alternative method for controlling ... | 2011 | 21337950 |
| high frequency of mutations associated with head lice pyrethroid resistance in schoolchildren from bobigny, france. | resistance of head lice to pyrethroids induces difficult therapeutic problems. previous studies demonstrated that this resistance was present in a french urban area, but its prevalence needed to be more precisely evaluated in terms of genotyping lice collected from more infested children over a certain period of time. we monitored the presence of the head lice kdr-like haplotype of the voltage-gated sodium channel alpha-subunit gene in schoolchildren seen three times on a 6-wk period. the preval ... | 2011 | 21337951 |
| acaricidal, pediculocidal and larvicidal activity of synthesized zno nanoparticles using wet chemical route against blood feeding parasites. | the present study was based on assessments of the anti-parasitic activities to determine the efficacies of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno nps) prepared by wet chemical method using zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide as precursors and soluble starch as stabilizing agent against the larvae of cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, canestrini (acari: ixodidae); head louse pediculus humanus capitis, de geer (phthiraptera: pediculidae); larvae of malaria vector, anopheles subpictu ... | 2011 | 21340566 |
| projectin pevk domain, splicing variants and domain structure in basal and derived insects. | the third elastic filament of striated muscles consists of giant proteins: titin (in vertebrates) and kettin/projectin (in insects). in all three proteins, elasticity is at least partly associated with the so-called pevk domain. the projectin pevk domains of diverse insects are highly divergent compared with an otherwise conserved protein organization. we present the characterization of the pevk domain in two dragonflies and in human lice. a conserved segment at the end of the pevk, the nh(2)-te ... | 2011 | 21349121 |
| the evolution of host specificity in dove body lice. | summaryobjective: conventional wisdom suggests that parasites evolve increased host specialization over time. host specificity, which describes the number of host species parasitized, is one aspect of host specialization. recent studies of vertebrate parasites indicate that highly host-specific parasite lineages are not, in fact, evolutionary dead ends; host generalists can evolve from host specialists.methods: using phylogenetic reconstruction methods, we evaluate these patterns in the body lic ... | 2011 | 21349215 |
| prevalence of scabies and head lice among children in a welfare home in pulau pinang, malaysia. | this is a survey of 120 children for scabies and head lice infestations in a welfare home in pulau pinang. children from this welfare home (rumah kanak-kanak taman bakti, kepala batas, pulau pinang) were randomly selected. majority of them were malays (72.5%) and the rest were indians. the infestation rates were highest in the 10-12 years age group with 46% and 70% for scabies and head lice respectively. head lice was more commonly seen in girls (65%) than boys (29%). scabies was more commonly s ... | 2010 | 21399584 |
| ovicidal efficacy of high concentration dimeticone: a new era of head lice treatment. | 2011 | 21414492 | |
| plant extracts, isolated phytochemicals, and plant-derived agents which are lethal to arthropod vectors of human tropical diseases--a review. | the recent scientific literature on plant-derived agents with potential or effective use in the control of the arthropod vectors of human tropical diseases is reviewed. arthropod-borne tropical diseases include: amebiasis, chagas disease (american trypanosomiasis), cholera, cryptosporidiosis, dengue (hemorrhagic fever), epidemic typhus (brill-zinsser disease), filariasis (elephantiasis), giardia (giardiasis), human african trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), isosporiasis, leishmaniasis, lyme di ... | 2011 | 21432748 |
| bugged out. two new weapons for panicked parents in the war on head lice. | 2011 | 21446252 | |
| risk factors associated with head louse infestation in korea. | head louse infestation (hli) is one of the most frequently occurring parasitic diseases in children. this study was conducted to investigate the socioeconomic and personal factors influencing hli in the republic of korea. a total of 2,210 questionnaires about various factors related to hli were obtained from children in 17 primary schools throughout the country. the rate of hli was significantly lower in children who lived together with mother or in a family where both parents worked. in additio ... | 2011 | 21461277 |
| prevalence of head lice among children entering school in the act 2006-08. | 2011 | 21463421 | |
| bartonella quintana in head louse nits. | the body louse is the principal vector of bartonella quintana, the causative organism of trench fever, but b. quintana dna has also been detected in adult head lice. because there are no characteristics that distinguish the body louse from the head louse, we decided to test head louse nits collected from a homeless man for the presence of b. quintana dna. all of the sampled nits tested positive by real-time pcr, and intergenic spacer region (its) gene sequences shared 100% similarity to the corr ... | 2011 | 21477003 |
| oral ivermectin is more effective than topical malathion in difficult-to-treat head lice infestation. | 2011 | 21482534 | |
| ovicidal effects of a neem seed extract preparation on eggs of body and head lice. | the eggs (nits) of head and body lice (pediculus humanus capitis, pediculus humanus corporis) were incubated for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 or 45 min into a neem seed extract contained in a fine shampoo formulation (e.g. wash away® louse), which is known for its significant killing effects of larvae and adults of head lice. the aim of the study was to test whether the developmental stages inside the eggs are also killed after the incubation into the shampoo. it was found that an incubation time of only 5 ... | 2011 | 21484346 |
| involvement of peroxinectin in the defence of red swamp crayfish procambarus clarkii against pathogenic aeromonas hydrophila. | cell adhesion factors are important immune components for invertebrate to immobilize, phagocytose or encapsulate invasive microorganisms and foreign particles. in this study, a new cell adhesion factor, peroxinectin (refered as pcpxin) was isolated from hemocytes of red swamp crayfish (procambarus clarkii). the full-length cdna of pcpxin was 3014 bp encoding a protein of 819 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 89.0 kda and a calculational isoelectric point of 6.93. the putat ... | 2011 | 21539922 |
| contact and fumigant toxicity of hexane flower bud extract of syzygium aromaticum and its compounds against pediculus humanus capitis (phthiraptera: pediculidae). | the head lice, pediculus humanus capitis de geer is an obligate ectoparasite of humans that causes pediculosis capitis, a nuisance for millions of people worldwide, with high prevalence in children. p. humanus capitis has been treated by methods that include the physical remotion of lice, various domestic treatments, and conventional insecticides. none of these methods render complete protection, and there is clear evidence for the evolution of resistance and cross-resistance to conventional ins ... | 2011 | 21541752 |
| [in vitro efficacy of three novel delousing formulations against the head louse (pediculus capitis l.)]. | a total of 498 head lice (2nd and 3rd instar larvae, females and males) combed out of the hair of 38 children, were exposed to the delousing formulations diffusil h forte spray (carbaryl 1%), diffusil care (isopropyl myristate, cyclomethicone, and dimethiconol) and paranit (coconut oil, anise oil, and ylang ylang oil) in in vitro tests. the first two formulations, i. e. diffusil h forte spray and diffusil care, caused 100% mortality of exposed lice, while paranit only killed 12.2% of exposed lic ... | 2011 | 21542235 |
| head lice. | head lice can only be diagnosed by finding live lice, as eggs take 7 days to hatch and may appear viable for weeks after death of the egg. infestation may be more likely in school children, with risks increased in children with more siblings, longer hair, and of lower socioeconomic group. methods and outcomes: we conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: what are the effects of treatments for head lice? we searched: medline, embase, the cochrane library, ... | 2011 | 21575285 |
| clinical response and safety of malathion shampoo for treatment of head lice in a primary school. | help eradicate or at least alleviating head lice in a primary school with malathion shampoo and to study clinical response and safety of malathion shampoo. | 2011 | 21591532 |
| parental attitudes towards head lice infestation in greece. | background pediculosis capitis constitutes a growing problem worldwide and is usually considered as an inconvenience. parents often handle this infestation on their own initiative. objective we conducted a survey in order to depict the parental attitudes towards head lice infestation in greece. methods parents of children aged 3-14 years, attending a dermatology outpatient clinic at a children's hospital, were given a questionnaire regarding head lice. demographic data, management, and preven ... | 2011 | 21595662 |
| a snapshot of the ixodes scapularis degradome. | parasitic encoded proteases are essential to regulating interactions between parasites and their hosts and thus they represent attractive anti-parasitic druggable and/or vaccine target. we have utilized annotations of ixodes scapularis proteases in gene bank and version 9.3 merops database to compile an index of at least 233 putatively active and 150 putatively inactive protease enzymes that are encoded by the i. scapularis genome. the 233 putatively active protease homologs hereafter referred t ... | 2011 | 21596113 |
| community interactions govern host-switching with implications for host-parasite coevolutionary history. | reciprocal selective effects between coevolving species are often influenced by interactions with the broader ecological community. community-level interactions may also influence macroevolutionary patterns of coevolution, such as cospeciation, but this hypothesis has received little attention. we studied two groups of ecologically similar feather lice (phthiraptera: ischnocera) that differ in their patterns of association with a single group of hosts. the two groups, "body lice" and "wing lice, ... | 2011 | 21606369 |
| head lice infestations (anoplura: pediculidae) in saudi and non-saudi school-aged children. | the prevalence and human risk factors associated with head lice infestation was studied. a total of 860 children, 474 (55.1%) boys and 386 (44.9%) girls, with ages ranged from 6-13 years were critically examined. they were randomly selected from two schoolchildren (one for boys and one for girls) in jazan province. the children or their parents were subjected to questionnaire and physical examination by visual inspections of scalp and hair for the presence of adult lice, nymphs, and/or eggs (nit ... | 2011 | 21634249 |
| efficacy of a single treatment of head lice with a neem seed extract: an in vivo and in vitro study on nits and motile stages. | an anti-louse shampoo (licener-«) based on a neem seed extract was tested in vivo and in vitro on its efficacy to eliminate head louse infestation by a single treatment. the hair of 12 children being selected from a larger group due to their intense infestation with head lice were incubated for 10-ámin with the neem seed extract-containing shampoo. it was found that after this short exposition period, none of the lice had survived, when being observed for 22-áh. in all cases, more than 50-70 dea ... | 2011 | 21667206 |
| european guideline for the management of pediculosis pubis, 2010. | transmission of the crab louse phthirus pubis generally occurs by close body contact. diagnosis is usually clinical and screening for other sexually transmitted infections (stis) is indicated. while most evidence is extrapolated from studies of head lice treatments, topical pediculicides are recommended and treatment of sexual contacts is indicated. | 2011 | 21680662 |
| spinosad (natroba) topical suspension for head lice. | the fda has approved spinosad 0.9% suspension(natroba ôçô parapro) for topical treatment of head liceinfestation in patients >4 years old. it is available only byprescription. | 2011 | 21701441 |
| spinosad for treatment of head lice infestation. | to review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, and safety profile of spinosad 0.9% topical lotion, a recently approved pediculicide for treatment of head lice infestation. | 2011 | 21750308 |
| head lice prevalence among households in norway: importance of spatial variables and individual and household characteristics. | summaryhead lice prevalence varies greatly between and within countries, and more knowledge is needed to approach causes of this variation. in the present study, we investigated head lice prevalence among elementary school students and their households in relation to individual and household characteristics as well as spatial variables. the investigation included households from 5 geographically separated municipalities. present infestations among household members as well as previous infestatio ... | 2011 | 21767439 |
| effects of subchronic malathion exposure on the pharmacokinetic disposition of pefloxacin. | malathion is one of the most extensively used organophosphorus pesticides applied in agriculture, mosquito eradication and in the control of animal ectoparasites and human body lice. the widespread use of malathion has raised concern over its potential to cause untoward health effects in humans, animals and birds. malathion inhibits cytochrome p450 monooxygenases and has the potential to alter pharmacokinetic profiles of therapeutic agents that are metabolized in the liver. the present study was ... | 2006 | 21783705 |
| of lice and math: using models to understand and control populations of head lice. | in this paper we use detailed data about the biology of the head louse (pediculus humanus capitis) to build a model of the evolution of head lice colonies. using theory and computer simulations, we show that the model can be used to assess the impact of the various strategies usually applied to eradicate head lice, both conscious (treatments) and unconscious (grooming). in the case of treatments, we study the difference in performance that arises when they are applied in systematic and non-syste ... | 2011 | 21799752 |
| human lice show photopositive behaviour to white light. | we studied the behavioural response of body lice and head lice to white light. we also evaluated the influence of starvation and the presence of other individuals on this response. experiments were performed in a rectangular arena, half of which was illuminated and the other half kept in the dark. two experiments were performed: in the first, a single louse was released into the arena for 60min and the percentage of time spent in the illuminated half was recorded; in the second experiment, a gro ... | 2011 | 21806991 |
| cutaneous infestations and infections. | cutaneous infections and infestations are common problems in childhood and adolescence. this article provides an update focusing on the diagnosis and management of several frequently encountered infections and infestations: scabies, bedbugs, head lice, tinea capitis, and tinea versicolor. | 2011 | 21815448 |
| spinosad: in pediculosis capitis. | spinosad 0.9% suspension is a topical treatment for head-lice infestation (pediculosis capitis) that has been approved in the us as a prescription medicine. spinosad is a natural mixture of the pediculicidal tetracyclic macrolides spinosyn a and spinosyn d. spinosad 0.9% mainly interferes with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in insects, thereby producing neuronal excitation that results in paralysis of lice from neuromuscular fatigue after extended periods of hyperexcitation. spinosad 0.9% kil ... | 2011 | 21834600 |
| an ex vivo, assessor blind, randomised, parallel group, comparative efficacy trial of the ovicidal activity of three pediculicides after a single application--melaleuca oil and lavender oil, eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil, and a "suffocation" pediculicide. | there are two components to the clinical efficacy of pediculicides: (i) efficacy against the crawling-stages (lousicidal efficacy); and (ii) efficacy against the eggs (ovicidal efficacy). lousicidal efficacy and ovicidal efficacy are confounded in clinical trials. here we report on a trial that was specially designed to rank the clinical ovicidal efficacy of pediculicides. eggs were collected, pre-treatment and post-treatment, from subjects with different types of hair, different coloured hair a ... | 2011 | 21864348 |
| seizure caused by dermal application of over-the-counter eucalyptus oil head lice preparation. | natural plant oils such as eucalyptus are common worldwide in non-prescription natural health products. oral ingestion of eucalyptus oil is well known to produce neurological symptoms and seizures; however, its dermal use is presumed to be safe. we describe a brief, self-limited, tonic-clonic seizure in a healthy 4-year-old girl following dermal exposure to eucalyptus oil as directed for treatment of head lice. initial symptoms were vomiting, lethargy, and ataxia followed by a grand mal seizure. ... | 2011 | 21867365 |
| Organophosphate acetylcholine esterase inhibitor poisoning from a home-made shampoo. | Organophosphate acetylcholine esterase inhibitor poisoning is a major health problem in children. We report an unusual cause of organophosphate acetylcholine esterase inhibitor poisoning. Two children were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit due to organophosphate acetylcholine esterase inhibitor poisoning after exposure from a home-made shampoo that was used for the treatment of head lice. Owing to no obvious source of poisoning, the diagnosis of organophosphate acetylcholine esterase ... | 2011 | 21887044 |
| brief exposures of human body lice to sublethal amounts of ivermectin over-transcribes detoxification genes involved in tolerance. | transcriptional profiling results, using our non-invasive induction assay {short exposure intervals (2-5 h) to sublethal amounts of insecticides [<lethal concentration 3% (lc(3)) at 24 h] administered by stress-reducing means (contact vs. immersion screen) and with induction assessed in a time frame when tolerance is still present [~lethal concentration 90% (lc(90)) in 2-4 h]}, showed that ivermectin-induced detoxification genes from body lice are identified by quantitative real-time pcr analyse ... | 2011 | 21895817 |
| Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding head lice infestations in rural Nigeria. | Head lice infestations are common in sub-Saharan Africa, but knowledge, attitudes and practices have never been studied in this region. | 2011 | 21918306 |
| bioinformatic characterization and gene expression pattern of apoptosis inhibitor from macrobrachium rosenbergii challenged with infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus. | apoptosis is genetically programmed cellular killing processes that execute unnecessary or infected cells. it plays an important role in embryogenesis, homeostasis, insect metamorphosis and immunity. apoptosis inhibitor (mriap) was sequenced from the freshwater giant prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii using illumina solexa genome analyzer technique. mriap consisted of 1753 base pair nucleotides encoded 535 polypeptide with an estimated molecular mass of 60 kda. mriap amino acid sequence contains ia ... | 2011 | 21945707 |
| no evidence of bartonella quintana but detection of acinetobacter baumannii in head lice from elementary schoolchildren in paris. | the human body louse is the only known vector of bartonella quintana. however, the presence of this bacterium has recently been detected in the head lice of homeless individuals and nepalese slum children. previous studies have reported the isolation of acinetobacter baumannii from the body lice of homeless individuals. an epidemiological survey including 74 schools was conducted between 2008 and 2009 in paris. after a first visual examination, the hair of children with suspected pediculosis was ... | 2011 | 21974965 |
| Natroba (spinosad) 0.9% suspension topical suspension for head lice. | 2011 | 21980712 | |
| Comparative efficacy of new commercial pediculicides against adults and eggs of Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice). | The use of pyrethroids to control head louse infestations have suffered considerable loss of efficacy due to the development of resistance. In the last past years, several new alternative products to synthetic pyrethroids have been developed and are sold in the Argentinean market against head lice. The present study investigated the efficacy of two new Argentinean products Nopucid Qubit® and Nopucid Bio Citrus® and its comparison with two reference products Nyda® and Hedrin®. Nopucid Qubit® is a ... | 2011 | 21984369 |
| Lousicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles using Lawsonia inermis leaf aqueous extract against Pediculus humanus capitis and Bovicola ovis. | In the present work, we describe inexpensive, nontoxic, unreported and simple procedure for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using leaf aqueous extract of Lawsonia inermis as eco-friendly reducing and capping agent. The aim of the present study was to assess the lousicidal activity of synthesized Ag NPs against human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae), and sheep body louse, Bovicola ovis Schrank (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae). Direct contact metho ... | 2011 | 21993881 |
| Lindane Toxicity: A Comprehensive Review of the Medical Literature. | Lindane is an organochloride pesticide, first introduced as a scabicide for human use in the 1950s (1). Because of its low cost and efficacy, it quickly became a first-line treatment for scabies and head lice, but not long after its use became widespread, its safety was called into question, primarily regarding its neurotoxic effects. We intend to show through review of the literature and databases that lindane has been associated with numerous severe and fatal adverse reactions. This review w ... | 2011 | 21995612 |
| unstable pyrethroid resistance in sheep body lice bovicola ovis (schrank), (phthiraptera: trichodectidae) and its implications for lice control on sheep. | a retrospective study in which the 18years treatment history of a mob of sheep hosting a pyrethroid resistant strain of sheep body lice was compared with the coincidental changes in that strain's response to cypermethrin, provided a unique opportunity to investigate the stability of pyrethroid resistance in this species. resistance levels remained very high (resistance factors (rf)=75-145) for at least five years following the cessation of pyrethroid treatments but within ten years had dropped t ... | 2011 | 22004914 |
| severe head lice infestation in an andean mummy of arica, chile. | abstract pediculus humanus capitis is an ancient human parasite, probably inherited from pre-hominid times. infestation appears as a recurrent health problem throughout history, including pre-columbian populations. we describe and discuss the occurrence of pre-columbian pediculosis in the andean region of the atacama desert. using light microscope and scanning electron microscopy, we studied a highly-infested maitas chiribaya mummy from arica in northern chile, dating to 670-990 calibrated yr ... | 2011 | 22010860 |
| Circumscribed Alopecia: An Unusual Manifestation of Pediculosis Capitis. | A healthy 10-year-old girl was referred for evaluation of patchy hair loss on the scalp of longer than 6 months duration. She had been diagnosed and treated for head lice approximately 1 month before onset of the hair loss. Examination of the scalp showed discrete ovoid patches of hair loss at the vertex scalp. A scrape of the area of hair loss was performed, and a nit was visible on microscopic examination. Focal hair loss may represent an atypical manifestation of ongoing pediculosis capitis ... | 2011 | 22011127 |
| the rhizome of reclinomonas americana, homo sapiens, pediculus humanus and saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria. | mitochondria are thought to have evolved from eubacteria-like endosymbionts; however, the origin of the mitochondrion remains a subject of debate. in this study, we investigated the phenomenon of chimerism in mitochondria to shed light on the origin of these organelles by determining which species played a role in their formation. we used the mitochondria of four distinct organisms, reclinomonas americana, homo sapiens, saccharomyces cerevisiae and multichromosome pediculus humanus, and attempte ... | 2011 | 22014084 |
| Bartonella quintana in Ethiopian lice. | Head and clothing lice from Jimma, Ethiopia were investigated for pathogenic bacteria. Genomic DNA from pools of lice was subjected to PCR analysis for Bartonella spp., Borrelia spp. Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia spp. and Yersinia pestis. All 102 lice pools were negative for the afore mentioned pathogens, with the exception of Bartonella species found among 6 of 65 (9.2%) head lice pools and1 of 33 clothing lice pools. Identification was achieved by sequencing the ribosomal intragenic transcribe ... | 2011 | 22019400 |
| in vitro comparison of four treatments which discourage infestation by head lice. | products which discourage the transmission of head lice are appealing; however, few studies have tested this concept. this study aims to test the efficacy of four commercial products which claim to discourage infestation by head lice; moov head lice defence spray (moov), wild child quit nits head lice defence spray (wild child), 100% natural head lice beater (lice beater) or lysout natural anti-lice spray (lysout). an in vitro challenge test was used. briefly, one half of a filter paper lining t ... | 2011 | 22030833 |
| [ectoparasitosis of clinical importance in chile]. | several parasitic diseases affect the skin and appendages in humans, the most common are head lice and scabies. both diseases have worldwide distribution with geographical variations. in chile, the reported prevalence of head lice is 20-25% and of scabies 1-5%. other ectoparasites include fleas and mite, causing transient parasitosis related to human and animal contact. these parasites are associated with various factors such as poor personal hygiene, promiscuity, long hair, crowding, and sharin ... | 2011 | 22051621 |
| the prevalence of pediculus humanus capitis and the coexistence of intestinal parasites in young children in boarding schools in sivas, turkey. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pediculus humanus capitis and the coexistence of intestinal parasites in boarding primary schools in sivas, turkey. seven hundred seventy-two students (350 [45.3%] girls, 422 [54.7%] boys) were evaluated with combing for the presence of head lice, collection of fecal samples, and examination of the perianal region for intestinal parasites using the cellophane tape method. the overall infestation rate for head lice was 6% (n = 46). nine c ... | 2011 | 22107034 |
| VectorBase: improvements to a bioinformatics resource for invertebrate vector genomics. | VectorBase (http://www.vectorbase.org) is a NIAID-supported bioinformatics resource for invertebrate vectors of human pathogens. It hosts data for nine genomes: mosquitoes (three Anopheles gambiae genomes, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus), tick (Ixodes scapularis), body louse (Pediculus humanus), kissing bug (Rhodnius prolixus) and tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans). Hosted data range from genomic features and expression data to population genetics and ontologies. We describe improvements ... | 2012 | 22135296 |
| hats off to success: changing head lice policy. | pediculosis at school is an emotional and contentious issue. many school nurses do not feel prepared to take on the task of changing long-standing school policy, even in the light of solid evidence to do so. this article explores one school nurse's experience in changing lice policy for her district. | 2011 | 22165484 |
| Altitude-dependent Bartonella quintana Genotype C in Head Lice, Ethiopia. | To determine the presence of Bartonella quintana in head and body lice from persons in different locations in Ethiopia, we used molecular methods. B. quintana was found in 19 (7%) genotype C head lice and in 76 (18%) genotype A body lice. B. quintana in head lice was positively linked to altitude (p = 0.014). | 2011 | 22172306 |
| head lice and the use of spinosad. | background: head lice infestations are responsible for social and economic distress. despite a reported increase in resistance, permethrin 1% is still the first-line treatment of head lice. alternative topical pediculicidal agents include malathion and benzyl alcohol, but resistance is of growing concern. in 2011, a new pediculicide, spinosad, was introduced. objective: our aim was to review the clinical pharmacology, efficacy, tolerability, and current place in therapy of spinosad for the treat ... | 2011 | 22177544 |
| Prevalence of pediculosis capitis in children from a rural school in Yucatan, Mexico. | We conducted an analytical cross-sectional survey to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with active head lice infestation. In total 140 children, aged 6 to 16-years, from a public school in rural Yucatan, Mexico, were examined by wet-combing. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on individuals and the conditions in the surrounding environment. Head lice infestation was found in 19 out of the 140 children tested (13.6%) and this was associated with both lower ... | 2011 | 22183456 |
| cutaneous infections and infestations: new therapies. | directed and preventive therapies for cutaneous infectious disease and infestation continue to evolve, providing physicians with new options for care. common infectious diseases (e.g., genital herpes, herpes zoster, and head lice) occur in the outpatient and inpatient setting. this review of the literature highlights new therapies, including those still in development, such as novel drugs and vaccines, all of which should help to decrease the frequency and severity of common infectious diseases ... | 2011 | 22191004 |
| [prevalence of head lice in some primary schools in iğdır province]. | objective: this study was carried out to detect the prevalence and evaluate risk factors of pediculus capitis infestation in four primary schools in iğdır in april and may, 2010. methods: the study was performed on 2222 students (6-15 years old), 1116 female and 1106 male. the hair of the students, especially from the neck and back of the head, were examined for egg, nymph and imago of p. capitis. the samples taken from the students were brought to the medical laboratory ... | 2011 | 22198918 |
| The Prevalence of Pediculus humanus capitis in Two Primary Schools of Hacilar, Kayseri. | Objective: Pediculosis capitis is a worldwide public health concern, and today, head lice are seen in all socio-economic levels. The infestation usually occurs by head-to-head contact and children, primarily girls, aged 3-12 years are mostly affected. In the present study a total of 405 pupils (214 boys and 191 girls) from two pre- and primary schools in the Kayseri-Hacilar region were examined for pediculosis capitis during March 2010. Methods: Lice and/or eggs were dete ... | 2011 | 22203505 |
| ivermectin acts as a posteclosion nymphicide by reducing blood feeding of human head lice (anoplura: pediculidae) that hatched from treated eggs. | the 0.5% ivermectin topical cream formulation was not directly ovicidal to treated eggs of head lice, as hatchability was not decreased. nevertheless, the percent of hatched lice from treated eggs that took a blood meal significantly decreased (80-95%) compared with lice that hatched from untreated eggs and all treated lice died within 48 h of hatching, including those that fed. dilutions of ivermectin formulation of 0.15 and 0.2 microg/ml, which were topically applied to 0-8 d old eggs, were no ... | 2011 | 22238876 |
| dermatologic infestations. | head lice are transmitted by head to head contact. optimal therapy includes malathion lotion 0.5% repeated in one week left on for 30 minutes to 8 hours. spinosad topical suspension 0.9% repeated in one week left on for 10 minutes is another option. scabies is transmitted mainly by direct contact but also via heavily infested fomites due to crusted scabies. permethrin 5% cream to the body repeated in four days is often sufficient; however, scalp treatment with malathion lotion 0.5% is helpful in ... | 2012 | 22250620 |
| head lice infestation in schoolchildren and related factors in mafraq governorate, jordan. | little is known about the effect of socioeconomic status on the infestation by head lice in schoolchildren in jordan. | 2012 | 22250625 |
| bartonella quintana transmission from mite to family with high socioeconomic status. | to the editor: urban trench fever caused by bartonella quintana has been reported in persons who abuse alcohol and in homeless persons in large cities worldwide. symptoms vary from asymptomatic intermittent bacteremia to serious complications (1). pediculus humanus lice, the known vector of the infection, are not always identified, which raises the possibility that other vectors might also be involved (2). we report on an outbreak of b. quintana infection among a young family of high socioeconom ... | 2012 | 22257438 |
| [insecticide resistance in lice collected from homeless people in moscow]. | permethrin and malathion resistance in body and head lice collected from homeless people in moscow was investigated in march 2009 to march 2010. most micropopulations were found to have permethrin-resistant individuals. their proportion varied from 8.7 to 100%. cross resistance of body lice to 5 insecticides (the pyrethroids permethrin, d-phenothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and the organic chlorine compound ddt) was revealed in one case. the lice remained susceptible to organic phosphorus in ... | 2014 | 22308710 |
| why infest the loved ones--inherent human behaviour indicates former mutualism with head lice. | head lice transmit to new hosts when people lean their heads together. humans frequently touch their heads to express friendship or love, while this behaviour is absent in apes. we hypothesize that this behaviour was adaptive because it enabled people to acquire head lice infestations as early as possible to provoke an immune response effective against both head lice and body lice throughout the subsequent periods of their life. this cross-immunity could provide some defence against the body-lou ... | 2012 | 22309598 |
| [eczematous skin lesions of the neck. don't overlook head lice!]. | 2011 | 22329323 | |
| rna interference of nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase results in reduced insecticide resistance in the bed bug, cimex lectularius. | nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr) plays a central role in cytochrome p450 action. the genes coding for p450s are not yet fully identified in the bed bug, cimex lectularius. hence, we decided to clone cdna and knockdown the expression of the gene coding for cpr which is suggested to be required for the function of all p450s to determine whether or not p450s are involved in resistance of bed bugs to insecticides. | 2012 | 22347424 |
| pediculosis capitis among primary-school children in mafraq governorate, jordan. | pediculosis capitis (head lice infestation) is a worldwide public health concern affecting mostly primary-school children. in a cross-sectional study in 2009/2010, the prevalence of pediculosis capitis and some risk factors for infestation were investigated among 1550 randomly selected primary-school children in mafraq governorate, jordan. the prevalence of pediculosis capitis was 26.6%. there were significant differences in the prevalence between girls (34.7%) and boys (19.6%), rural (31.2%) an ... | 2012 | 22360010 |
| human louse-transmitted infectious diseases. | several of the infectious diseases associated with human lice are life-threatening, including epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, and trench fever, which are caused by rickettsia prowazekii, borrelia recurrentis, and bartonella quintana, respectively. although these diseases have been known for several centuries, they remain a major public health concern in populations living in poor-hygiene conditions because of war, social disruption, severe poverty, or gaps in public health management. poor-hyg ... | 2012 | 22360386 |
| pediculosis capitis: new insights into epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. | pediculosis capitis is a ubiquitous parasitic skin disease caused by pediculus humanus capitis. head lice are highly specialised parasites which can propagate only on human scalp and hair. transmission occurs by direct head-to-head contact. head lice are vectors of important bacterial pathogens. pediculosis capitis usually occurs in small epidemics in play groups, kindergartens and schools. population-based studies in european countries show highly diverging prevalences, ranging from 1% to 20%. ... | 2012 | 22382818 |
| head lice in norwegian households: actions taken, costs and knowledge. | head lice infestations cause distress in many families. a well-founded strategy to reduce head lice prevalence must shorten the infectious period of individual hosts. to develop such a strategy, information about the actions taken (inspection, treatment and informing others about own infestations), level of knowledge and costs is needed. the present study is the first to consider all these elements combined. | 2012 | 22393437 |
| taxonomy of lice and their endosymbiotic bacteria in the post-genomic era. | recent studies of molecular and genomic data from the parasitic lice of birds and mammals, as well as their mutualistic endosymbiotic bacteria, are changing the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of these organisms. phylogenetic studies of lice suggest that vertebrate parasitism arose multiple times from free-living book and bark lice. molecular clocks show that the major families of lice arose in the late mesozoic and radiated in the early cenozoic, following the radiation of mammals and b ... | 2012 | 22429457 |