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burden and typing of rotavirus group a in children with acute gastroenteritis in shiraz, southern iran.human rotavirus is a significant cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. in recent years, rotavirus genotyping by rt-pcr has provided valuable information about the diversity of rotaviruses circulating worldwide. the purpose of the present study is to monitor the prevalence of the different g types of rotaviruses circulating in shiraz, southern iran and detect any uncommon or novel types.201223115715
antibody response in vaccinated pregnant mares to recent g3bp[12] and g14p[12] equine rotaviruses.both the g3p[12] and the g14p[12] type of equine group a rotavirus (rva) have recently become predominant in many countries, including japan. g3 types are classified further into g3a and g3b. the g3a viruses have been circulating in europe, australia, and argentina, and the g3b viruses have been circulating in japan. however, only an inactivated vaccine containing a single g3bp[12] strain is commercially available in japan. to assess the efficacy of the current vaccine against recently circulati ...201223130609
multiplex real-time pcr assays for the detection of group c rotavirus, astrovirus, and subgenus f adenovirus in stool specimens.group c rotavirus (gcrv), astrovirus (astv), and adenovirus (subgenus f adenov) are etiologic agents of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis, which often represents community outbreaks. for the efficient detection of gcrv, astv, and subgenus f adenov in stool specimens, a multiplex real-time pcr assay was developed to detect these three viruses simultaneously, with high sensitivity and specificity. in total, 8404 clinical specimens were collected between april 2008 and march 2011 and tested for gc ...201323159674
the origin of two rare human p[10] rotavirus strains.the group a rotavirus (rva) p[10] is a rare genotype of the rva vp4 gene. to date, the whole genome sequence of only a single p[10] rva strain, rva/human-tc/idn/69m/1980/g8p4[10], has been determined, revealing a ds-1-like genotype constellation. whole genomic analyses of p[10] rva strains with other vp7 genotypes are essential to obtain conclusive data on the origin and genetic diversity of the p10] rvas. in the present study, the whole genome of a human g4p[10] rva strain, rva/human-tc/idn/57m ...201323178318
analysis of rotavirus species diversity and evolution including the newly determined full-length genome sequences of rotavirus f and g.rotaviruses are a leading cause of viral acute gastroenteritis in humans and animals. eight different rotavirus species (a-h) have been defined based on antigenicity and nucleotide sequence identities of the vp6 gene. here, the first complete genome sequences of rotavirus f (strain 03v0568) and g (strain 03v0567) with lengths of 18,341 and 18,186bp, respectively, are described. both viruses have open reading frames for rotavirus proteins vp1 to vp7 and nsp1 to nsp5 located at the 11 genome segme ...201323237956
[genetic diversity of group a rotavirus isolates found in western siberia in 2007-2011].genetic analysis of group a rotavirus recovered from fecal samples of children admitted to hospitals in novosibirsk and omsk during four epidemic seasons 2007, 2007/2008, 2009/2010, 2010/2011 was performed. a total of 1416 rotavirus isolates were genotyped using multiplex pcr. the isolates of the most common rotavirus genotypes g1p[8], g4p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8] co-circulated in western siberia during 2007-2011. in isolated cases g9p[8], g2p[8], g3p[9], and g4p[6] genotypes were detected. change of ...201223248851
group a rotavirus universal mass vaccination: how and to what extent will selective pressure influence prevalence of rotavirus genotypes?two human group a rotavirus (rva) vaccines are available and highly effective in preventing severe gastroenteritis caused by all commonly circulating human rva genotypes. the effect of universal mass vaccination on the rva genotype distribution is discussed based on the knowledge of complete rva genotype constellations, data from clinical efficacy trials and effectiveness studies, and genotype surveillance data from countries with universal mass vaccination programs. the theoretically predicted ...201223249234
first report of human rotavirus g8p[4] gastroenteritis in india: evidence of ruminants-to-human zoonotic transmission.group a rotaviruses are the major cause of childhood gastroenteritis worldwide. due to close proximity of human and cattle in rural areas of developing countries like india, interspecies transmission or zoonotic transmission is a major source of rapid generation of reassortants and genetic or antigenic variants. previously, many human group a rotaviruses were found with porcine or bovine characteristics from eastern and north-eastern india. in this study, four unusual human g8p[4] strains were i ...201223280762
genotyping of gastroenteric viruses in hospitalised children: first report of norovirus gii.21 in brazil.this retrospective study (april-september 2003) was designed to investigate the roles of the main viruses responsible for cases of acute infantile gastroenteritis in hospitalised children up to two years of age. the viruses were identified in 64.7% (88/136) of the cases and the detection rates of rotavirus a (rva), norovirus (nov) and astrovirus were 41.9% (57/136), 30.3% (24/79) and 12.7% (7/55), respectively. rva and nov were detected in 20 of the 24 reported nosocomial infection cases. this s ...201223295760
[experience of application of multiplex qpcr for differential diagnostics of intestinal viral infections].evaluate the effectiveness of multiplex reverse transcription (rt) and polymerase chain reaction with fluorescence detection in real time mode (qpcr) methods for differential detection of 11 groups of intestine viruses (adenoviruses, enteroviruses, polioviruses, hepatitis a and e viruses, group a and c rotaviruses, orthoreoviruses, noroviruses, sapoviruses and astroviruses) in various biological samples.201223297630
annual changes in predominant genotypes of rotavirus a detected in the feces of pigs in various developmental stages raised on a conventional farm.the goal of the present study was to improve understanding of the ecology of porcine rotavirus a (rva) infection in pigs raised on a conventional farrow-to-finish farm. we collected 145 fecal samples over a 3-year period from suckling pigs and their dams, and pigs at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 days of age. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that 29 samples (20%) were positive for the viral vp7 gene. the detection rate of vp7 sequences was highest in 30-day-old pigs ( ...201223313539
genotyping of calves rotavirus in china by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.to investigate the epidemical characteristics and genotype distributions of bovine rotavirus (brv) in china, 195 fecal samples were collected from calves with diarrhea in china. fecal samples were detected for rotavirus a antigen using elisa. the positive samples were screened for vp7 and vp4 by rt-pcr. g serotyping and p genotyping were conducted on 53 vp7 and vp4 positive samples using rt-pcr. the results showed that 82 samples were found positive for brv. 752bp, 660bp and 285bp bands were amp ...201323313784
evolutionary time-scale of primate bocaviruses.human bocavirus (hbov) is associated with acute gastroenteritis in humans, occurring mostly in young children and elderly people. four bocavirus genotypes (hbov1-hbov4) have been found so far. since there were no data on the contribution of hbov to gastroenteritis in russia, 1781 fecal samples collected from infants hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in novosibirsk, russia during one year were tested for the presence of nucleic acids from hbov and three major gastrointestinal viruses (rotav ...201323313830
characterization of human rotaviruses circulating in iraq in 2008: atypical g8 and high prevalence of p[6] strains.fecal samples from 976 children with gastroenteritis were collected and analyzed for group a rotavirus (rva), in three different cities in iraq between january 2008 and december 2008. rva antigen was detected in 394 (40%) of the samples, and 98 samples were available for further genotype analyses using multiplex rt-pcr and sequence analyses for untypeable strains. the g/p-genotype combination was determined for 69 samples, and 19, 2 and 8 samples remained p-untypeable, g-untypeable and g/p-untyp ...201323340225
changes in anti-group a rotavirus antibody seroprevalence and levels in the western gyeongnam province of korea over 16 years.to observe how anti-group a rotavirus antibody seropositivity rates and levels have changed in the western region of gyeongnam province, 2,030 serum samples collected at four collection periods (1989-1990, 1994-1995, 1999-2000, and 2004-2005) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for igg, and iga antibodies reacting to recombinant vp6 protein. the seroprevalences exhibit no regular patterns over a 16-yr period. for all four collection periods, the anti-rvp6 igg levels rose steadily du ...201323341712
detection and genetic diversity of porcine group a rotaviruses in historic (2004) and recent (2011 and 2012) swine fecal samples in ohio: predominance of the g9p[13] genotype in nursing piglets.epidemiological surveillance of porcine group a rotavirus (rva) strains was conducted in five swine herds in ohio using historical (2004) and recent (2011 to 2012) fecal samples. of the 371 samples examined, 9.4% (35/371) were positive for rva. the rva detection rates increased from 5.9% in 2004 and 8.5% in 2011 to 13.8% in 2012. a total of 23 positive samples were analyzed for rva g and p genotypes. the dominant g-p combination was g9p[13] found in 60.9% of positive samples. the other combinati ...201323363823
sequence analysis of the whole genomes of five african human g9 rotavirus strains.the g9 rotaviruses are amongst the most common global rotavirus strains causing severe childhood diarrhoea. however, the whole genomes of only a few g9 rotaviruses have been fully sequenced and characterised of which only one g9p[6] and one g9p[8] are from africa. we determined the consensus sequence of the whole genomes of five african human group a g9 rotavirus strains, four g9p[8] strains and one g9p[6] strain collected in cameroon (central africa), kenya (eastern africa), south africa and zi ...201323369762
rotavirus - a retrospective study of incidence at the hospital universiti sains malaysia (husm).the present study, analyzes data from 1991 to 2000 for rotavirus infection among children with diarrhoea and acute gastroenteritis admitted to the hospital universiti sains malaysia (husm). the latex slide agglutination test was used for the detection of rotavirus antigens. out of 1097 stool samples tested, 207 samples or 18.8 % were found to be positive for rotavirus. the infection occurred most frequently in infants and young children from 6 months to 2 years of age. the infection was recorded ...200323386803
complex evolutionary patterns of two rare human g3p[9] rotavirus strains possessing a feline/canine-like h6 genotype on an au-1-like genotype constellation.the group a rotavirus (rva) g3p[9] is a rare vp7-vp4 genotype combination, detected occasionally in humans and cats. other than the prototype g3p[9] strain, rva/human- tc/jpn/au-l/1982/g3p3[9], the whole genomes of only two human g3p[9] rva strains and two feline g3p[9] rva strains have been analyzed so far, revealing complex evolutionary patterns, distinct from that of au-1. we report here the whole genomic analyses of two human g3p[9] rva strains, rva/human-tc/chn/l621/2006/g3p[9] and rva/huma ...201323403096
g8 rotaviruses with conserved genotype constellations detected in malawi over 10 years (1997-2007) display frequent gene reassortment among strains co-circulating in humans.rotavirus a, the most common cause of severe diarrhoea in children worldwide, occurs in five major vp7 (g) and vp4 (p) genotype combinations, comprising g1p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8], g4p[8] and g9p[8]. however, g8, a common bovine rotavirus genotype, has been reported frequently among children in african countries. surveillance of rotavirus gastroenteritis conducted in a sentinel hospital in blantyre, malawi between 1997 and 2007 provided a rare opportunity to examine the whole genotype constellation ...201323407423
comparison of different rt-qpcr assays for the detection of human and bovine group a rotaviruses and characterization by sequences analysis of genes encoding vp4 and vp7 capsid proteins.the aim of this study was to compare the performance of four rt-qpcr assays for the detection of human and bovine group a rotaviruses and to characterize the positive samples by sequence analysis of vp4 and vp7 genes.201323421708
identification of cellular calcium binding protein calmodulin as a regulator of rotavirus a infection during comparative proteomic study.rotavirus (rv) being the major diarrhoegenic virus causes around 527000 children death (<5 years age) worldwide. in cellular environment, viruses constantly adapt and modulate to survive and replicate while the host cell also responds to combat the situation and this results in the differential regulation of cellular proteins. to identify the virus induced differential expression of proteins, 2d-dige (two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis) based proteomics was used. for this, ht-29 cell ...201323437200
occurrence and investigation of enteric viral infections in pigs with diarrhea in china.between february 2011 and february 2012, 985 and 324 samples were collected from diarrheal and healthy pigs, respectively, to detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine kobuvirus (pkov), porcine bocavirus (pbov), porcine group a rotavirus (garv), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). pedv and pkov clearly predominated in diarrheal pigs. compared to healthy pigs, a substantial prevalence of mixed infections was observed in diarrheal pigs (72.3 %) (p < 0.001). all of the coin ...201323494226
detection and characterisation of rotaviruses from children less than 5 years hospitalised with acute gastroenteritis in nagercoil.group a rotavirus continues to be the major cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children in developing countries. in this study, we report the prevalence and genotype of rotaviruses identified from children <5 years of age hospitalised with acute gastroenteritis from nagercoil, tamil nadu from 2007-2010. from the 139 children included in the study, 71 samples (51%) were positive by elisa and 65 samples were positive by pcr-based methods. g1p[8] (44.6%) was the most commonly identified genot ...201623508433
histophilus somni-induced infections in cattle from southern brazil.the sudden death of three calves, one diarrheic calf, and one aborted fetus from four farms in southern brazil was investigated. two histophilus somni-associated syndromes were identified: systemic histophilosis (n = 4) and abortion (n = 1). the principal pathological findings included vasculitis, meningoencephalitis with thrombosis, necrotizing myocarditis, renal infarctions, hepatic abscesses, and bronchopneumonia. pcr assays were used to amplify specific amplicons of the ovine herpesvirus 2, ...201323526124
evidence for genetic reassortment between human rotaviruses by full genome sequencing of g3p[4] and g2p[4] strains co-circulating in india.rotavirus a causes severe diarrhoea in infants and young children worldwide. many unusual combinations of g and p genotypes have been observed in rotaviruses circulating in developing countries. mixed infection of a single individual with more than one strain is a mechanism by which genetic reassortants are formed with unusual g and p combinations. however, few studies have provided direct evidence for the formation of such unusual strains as a result of co-infection of co-circulating strains. h ...201323532829
continued circulation of g12p[6] rotaviruses over 28 months in nepal: successive replacement of predominant strains.rotavirus a causes severe diarrhoea in infants and young children worldwide. the migration pattern (electropherotype) of the double-stranded rna genome upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been used to define "strains" in molecular epidemiology. in temperate countries, distinct electropherotypes (strains) appear after the annual, off-seasonal interruption of rotavirus circulation. in nepal, rotavirus circulated year-round and an uncommon genotype g12p[6] predominated and persisted, provid ...201323533063
phylogenetic analysis of g1p[6] group a rotavirus strains detected in northeast brazilian children fully vaccinated with rotarix™.in 2009 the world health organization recommended the use of group a rotavirus (rva) vaccines in all national immunization programs (nips) in order to control severe rva gastroenteritis disease. in brazil, rotarix™ was introduced in the nip in march 2006, and a significant reduction in mortality rates among children ≤ 5 years old was observed, especially in the northern and northeastern brazil. in the current study the 11 gene segments of six brazilian g1p[6] rva strains, isolated in 2009 and 20 ...201323538335
impact of rotavirus vaccine on rotavirus genotypes and caliciviruses circulating in french cattle.group a rotaviruses are a leading cause of neonatal calf diarrhoea worldwide and prevention of this disease includes vaccination against these viruses. in order to highlight the potential selection of rotavirus genotypes due to immune pressure driven by vaccination, the aim of this study was to compare group a rotavirus genotypes circulating in french diarrhoeic calves in rotavirus vaccinated herds (g6p[5] vaccine) with those in non-vaccinated herds during one calving season in 2010. this study ...201323579256
mean protein evolutionary distance: a method for comparative protein evolution and its application.proteins are under tight evolutionary constraints, so if a protein changes it can only do so in ways that do not compromise its function. in addition, the proteins in an organism evolve at different rates. leveraging the history of patristic distance methods, a new method for analysing comparative protein evolution, called mean protein evolutionary distance (meaped), measures differential resistance to evolutionary pressure across viral proteomes and is thereby able to point to the proteins' rol ...201323613826
phylogenetic analyses of typical bovine rotavirus genotypes g6, g10, p[5] and p[11] circulating in argentinean beef and dairy herds.group a rotavirus (rva) is one of the main causes of neonatal calf diarrhea worldwide. rva strains affecting argentinean cattle mainly possess combinations of the g6, g10, p[5] and p[11] genotypes. to determine rva diversity among argentinean cattle, representative bovine rva strains detected in diarrheic calves were selected from a survey conducted during 1997-2009. the survey covered the main livestock regions of the country from dairy and beef herds. different phylogenetic approaches were use ...201323624201
[the genetic stability of recombinant adenovirus expressing human rotavirus vp6 gene which used ad41 as vector].to investigate the genetic stability of non-replicating recombinant adenovirus which used ad41 as vector and could express vp6 gene of group a rotavirus during continous passage, in order to develop the vaccine of rotavirus.201223627019
feline origin of rotavirus strain, tunisia, 2008.in tunisia in 2008, an unusual g6p[9] rotavirus, rva/human-wt/tun/17237/2008/g6p[9], rarely found in humans, was detected in a child. to determine the origin of this strain, we conducted phylogenetic analyses and found a unique genotype constellation resembling rotaviruses belonging to the feline ba222-like genotype constellation. the strain probably resulted from direct cat-to-human transmission.201323631866
detection of rotavirus infection in bovine calves by rna-page and rt-pcr.a total of 128 diarrhoeic faecal samples were collected from cattle and buffalo calves from pantnagar and dehradun during winter months. of the 110 cattle calves screened by rna-page, rotavirus was detected in 13 samples (11.81%) while no sample from buffalo calves was found positive. all samples were found to have long electropherotype and two distinct electropherotypes having segment variation were observed. the overall prevalence of rotavirus was 10.15% (13/128). rt-pcr targeting group specif ...201123637494
review of group a rotavirus strains reported in swine and cattle.group a rotavirus (rva) infections cause severe economic losses in intensively reared livestock animals, particularly in herds of swine and cattle. rva strains are antigenically heterogeneous, and are classified in multiple g and p types defined by the two outer capsid proteins, vp7 and vp4, respectively. this study summarizes published literature on the genetic and antigenic diversity of porcine and bovine rva strains published over the last 3 decades. the single most prevalent genotype combina ...201323642647
recombinant monovalent llama-derived antibody fragments (vhh) to rotavirus vp6 protect neonatal gnotobiotic piglets against human rotavirus-induced diarrhea.group a rotavirus (rva) is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in children. the aims of the present study were to determine the neutralizing activity of vp6-specific llama-derived single domain nanoantibodies (vhh nanoabs) against different rva strains in vitro and to evaluate the ability of g6p[1] vp6-specific llama-derived single domain nanoantibodies (vhh) to protect against human rotavirus in gnotobiotic (gn) piglets experimentally inoculated with virulent wa g1p[8] rotavirus. supplementati ...201323658521
whole-genomic analysis of g3p[23], g9p[23] and g3p[13] rotavirus strains isolated from piglets with diarrhea in thailand, 2006-2008.group a rotavirus (rva) is the most common cause of severe acute viral gastroenteritis in humans and animals worldwide. this study characterized the whole genome sequences of porcine rvas, 2 g3p[23] strains (cmp40/08 and cmp48/08), 1 g9p[23] strain (cmp45/08), and 1 g3p[13] strain (cmp29/08). these strains were collected from diarrheic piglets less than 7weeks of age in 4 pig farms in chiang mai, thailand, in 2008. the vp7-vp4-vp6-vp1-vp2-vp3-nsp1-nsp2-nsp3-nsp4-nsp5 genes of cmp40/08 and cmp48/ ...201323681022
molecular characterization of rotavirus genotypes in immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed pediatric patients.to describe the genotypic variability of group a rotavirus (rva) found in immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed pediatric patients treated at the hospital de clínicas da universidade federal do paraná (hc-ufpr), curitiba, paraná.201323684457
prevalence and molecular genotyping of group a rotaviruses in iranian children.rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in worldwide young children. effective vaccines to prevent rotavirus infection are currently available, although their clinical use is still limited, and rotavirus still causes many episodes of infantile gastroenteritis, mainly during the winter season. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of rotavirus infection in children aged <5-years-old who were hospitalised for gastroenteritis. one hundred and sixty-three stool samples ...201223729998
phylogenetic analyses of the vp4 and vp7 genes of porcine group a rotaviruses in sao paulo state, brazil: first identification of g5p[23] in piglets.this study determined the group a rotavirus occurrence in pig farms from 7 different cities in são paulo state, brazil. out of 143 samples, 70 tested positive. sequence analyses of 37 strains indicated that the strains had the g3, g5, g9, and p[6], p[13]/p[22]-like, and p[23] genotypes.201323761160
one year survey of human rotavirus strains suggests the emergence of genotype g12 in cameroon.in this study the emergence of rotavirus a genotype g12 in children <5 years of age is reported from cameroon during 2010/2011. a total of 135 human stool samples were p and g genotyped by reverse transcriptase pcr. six different rotavirus vp7 genotypes were detected, including g1, g2, g3, g8, g9, and g12 in combinations with p[4], p[6] and p[8] vp4 genotypes. genotype g12 predominated in combination with p[8] (54.1%) and p[6] (10.4%) genotypes followed by g1p[6] (8.2%), g3p[6] (6.7%), g2p[4] (5 ...201323765785
simultaneous detection of group a rotavirus in swine and rat on a pig farm in brazil.this study investigated the occurrence of rotavirus in porcine and rattus norvegicus, at the same time, on a pig farm in the city of jaguariúna, são paulo, brazil. swine (n = 21) and rat (n = 6) fecal samples were analyzed by nested rt-pcr assay. rotavirus occurred in seven porcine and two rat samples. a total of three pig and one rat samples were further submitted to genetic sequencing. the partial nsp5 gene phylogeny showed that all strains were segregated in the genotype h1. these results poi ...201323766702
human g9p[8] rotavirus strains circulating in cameroon, 1999-2000: genetic relationships with other g9 strains and detection of a new g9 subtype.group a rotaviruses (rv-a) are the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in children worldwide and genotype g9p[8] is one of the five most common genotypes detected in humans. in order to gain insight into the degree of genetic variability of g9p[8] strains circulating in cameroon, stool samples were collected during the 1999-2000 rotavirus season in two different geographic regions in cameroon (southwest and western regions). by rt-pcr, 15 g9p[8] strains (15/89=16.8%) were identified whose gen ...201323770141
continuous genotyping for human rotavirus group a.no abstract available.201223770884
rotavirus shedding in symptomatic and asymptomatic children using reverse transcription-quantitative pcr.reverse transcription-real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) for the vp6 gene was used to study group a rotavirus shedding in children with symptomatic and asymptomatic rotavirus infection. sequential stool samples (n = 345) from 10 children with rotavirus associated diarrhea and from five children (n = 161) with asymptomatic rotavirus infection were collected over a period of 2 months. a rt-qpcr assay on the samples using a rotavirus vp6 plasmid standard demonstrated high reproducibility ...201323775335
[genetic diversity of rotavirus group a: correlation between g3 type and severity of the infection. valencia, venezuela].genetic and antigenic rotavirus (rv) variabilities may have implications in the severity of the infection caused by these agents; however the studies are not conclusive. for that purpose, the mean severity scores of diarrhea episodes caused by rv types g1 and g3 were compared, at ciudad hospitalaria "dr. enrique tejera" in valencia, venezuela, between 2001-2005. rv were identified by elisa, g and p types by rt-pcr. the severity of infection was determined using the ruuska-vesikari system and the ...201323781711
zoonotic transmission of reassortant porcine g4p[6] rotaviruses in hungarian pediatric patients identified sporadically over a 15 year period.genotype g4p[6] rotavirus a (rva) strains collected from children admitted to hospital with gastroenteritis over a 15 year period in the pre rotavirus vaccine era in hungary were characterized in this study. whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed on eight g4p[6] rva strains. all these rva strains shared a fairly conservative genomic configuration (g4-p[6]-i1/i5-r1-c1-m1-a1/a8-n1-t1/t7-e1-h1) and showed striking similarities to porcine and porcine-derived human rva strain ...201323792183
rabbit colony infected with a bovine-like g6p[11] rotavirus strain.group a rotaviruses (rvas) are the main etiological agent of infantile diarrhea in both humans and animals worldwide. a limited number of studies have investigated the molecular characteristics of rva strains in stool specimens of rabbits, with only a few lapine rva strains isolated and (partially) characterized to date. the most common g/p-genotype combinations found in rabbits are g3p[14] and g3p[22]. in this study a rva strain was isolated from the small intestine of a 9-week-old rabbit from ...201323830050
evaluation of luminex xtag gastrointestinal pathogen analyte-specific reagents for high-throughput, simultaneous detection of bacteria, viruses, and parasites of clinical and public health importance.acute diarrheal disease (add) can be caused by a range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. conventional diagnostic methods, such as culture, microscopy, biochemical assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa), are laborious and time-consuming and lack sensitivity. combined, the array of tests performed on a single specimen can increase the turnaround time (tat) significantly. we validated a 19plex laboratory-developed gastrointestinal pathogen panel (gpp) using l ...201323850948
sensitive and specific quantitative detection of rotavirus a by one-step real-time reverse transcription-pcr assay without antecedent double-stranded-rna denaturation.a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-pcr (qrt-pcr) assay using the recombinant thermostable thermus thermophilus (rtth) enzyme was developed to detect and quantify rotavirus a (rva). by using rtth polymerase, significant improvement was achieved over the existing real-time rt-pcr assays, which require denaturation of the rva double-stranded rna (dsrna) prior to assay setup. using a dsrna transcript for segment 7, which encodes the assay target nsp3 gene, the limit of detection for the ...201323850952
detection of unusual g6 rotavirus strains in italian children with diarrhoea during the 2011 surveillance season.two rare g6 rotavirus a (rva) strains, designated as rva/human-wt/ita/cec06/2011/g6p[6] and rva/human-wt/ita/pg05/2011/g6p[9], were identified in stool specimens from children hospitalized in central italy. after pcr genotyping, the samples cec06 and pg05 gave g-ud-p[6] and g-ud-p[9] genotypes, respectively. to determine the g-type and to characterize further the two strains, sequencing of 8 of the 11 genomic segments was performed. cec06 and pg05 strains were found to possess unusual genotype c ...201323868788
novel g10p[14] rotavirus strain, northern territory, australia.we identified a genotype g10p[14] rotavirus strain in 5 children and 1 adult with acute gastroenteritis from the northern territory, australia. full genome sequence analysis identified an artiodactyl-like (bovine, ovine, and camelid) g10-p[14]-i2-r2-c2-m2-a11-n2-t6-e2-h3 genome constellation. this finding suggests artiodactyl-to-human transmission and strengthens the need to continue rotavirus strain surveillance.201323876354
homologous 2',5'-phosphodiesterases from disparate rna viruses antagonize antiviral innate immunity.efficient and productive virus infection often requires viral countermeasures that block innate immunity. the ifn-inducible 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5a) synthetases (oass) and ribonuclease (rnase) l are components of a potent host antiviral pathway. we previously showed that murine coronavirus (mhv) accessory protein ns2, a 2h phosphoesterase superfamily member, is a phosphodiesterase (pde) that cleaves 2-5a, thereby preventing activation of rnase l. the pde activity of ns2 is required for mhv re ...201323878220
case-control study of microbiological etiology associated with calf diarrhea.calf diarrhea is a major economic burden for the us cattle industry. a variety of infectious agents are implicated in calf diarrhea and co-infection of multiple pathogens is not uncommon in diarrheic calves. a case-control study was conducted to assess infectious etiologies associated with calf diarrhea in midwest cattle farms. a total of 199 and 245 fecal samples were obtained from diarrheic and healthy calves, respectively, from 165 cattle farms. samples were tested by a panel of multiplex pcr ...201323886509
group a rotavirus and norovirus display sharply distinct seasonal profiles in belém, northern brazil.several viruses have been associated with acute gastroenteritis (age), and group a rotavirus (rva) and norovirus (nov) are the most prevalent. this study aimed to assess their prevalence among children hospitalised for diarrhoea during a three-year surveillance study. from may 2008-april 2011, overall positivity rates of 21.6% (628/2904) and 35.4% (171/483) were observed for rva and nov, respectively. the seasonality observed indicated distinct patterns when both viruses were compared. this find ...201323903985
detection of bovine group a rotavirus using rapid antigen detection kits, rt-pcr and next-generation dna sequencing.we investigated the sensitivity of human rotavirus rapid antigen detection (rad) kits, rt-pcr and next-generation dna sequencing (ngs) for detection of bovine group a rotavirus (rva). the dipstick 'eiken' rota (dipstick) showed the highest sensitivity out of the seven rad kits against all selected strains in limited dilution analyses, which was consistent with the results of equine rotavirus previously reported. rt-pcr had 10(0)-10(3)-fold higher sensitivity than the dipstick. the ngs using rt-p ...201323912876
evidence of natural transmission of group a rotavirus between domestic pigs and wild boars (sus scrofa) in japan.group a rotaviruses (rvas) are a major cause of acute dehydrating diarrhea in infants and young animals worldwide. rvas have also been detected in several wild and zoo animals, indicating wide susceptibility of wild animals. however, the role of wild animals in the infection cycle of rvas is unclear. wild boars are indigenous in many countries in the world. japanese wild boars (sus scrofa leucomystax) have been migrating close to human habitats in japan, indicating the possibility of natural tra ...201323958658
viral and bacterial infections associated with camel (camelus dromedarius) calf diarrhea in north province, saudi arabia.diarrhea and deaths in new-born camel calves were noticed by veterinary investigators and pastoralist in saudi arabia to be very high. hence, it is thought to be necessary to investigate this problem from the virological and bacteriological point of view. the role of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in six different towns of north province (al-assafia, arar, domat aljandal, hail, skaka and khoa) in saudi arabia was studied. survey was conducted in diarrheic camel calves aged 12 months or younger. ...201123961160
molecular characterization of the porcine group a rotavirus nsp2 and nsp5/6 genes from são paulo state, brazil, in 2011/12.rotaviruses are responsible for the acute diarrhea in various mammalian and avian species. the nonstructural proteins nsp2 and nsp5 are involved in the rotavirus replication and the formation of viroplasm, cytoplasmic inclusion bodies within which new viral particles morphogenesis and viral rna replication occur. there are few studies on the genetic diversity of those proteins; thus this study aims at characterizing the diversity of rotavirus based on nsp2 and nsp5 genes in rotaviruses circulati ...201323970830
global distribution of group a rotavirus strains in horses: a systematic review.group a rotavirus (rva) is a major cause of diarrhea and diarrhea-related mortality in foals in parts of the world. in addition to careful horse farm management, vaccination is the only known alternative to reduce the rva associated disease burden on horse farms. the precise evaluation of vaccine effectiveness against circulating strains needs enhanced surveillance of equine rvas in areas where vaccine is already available or vaccine introduction is anticipated. therefore, we undertook the overv ...201323994380
detection of rotavirus from hospitalized diarrheic children in uttar pradesh, india.in the present study 220 stool samples collected from diarrheic children admitted to different hospitals and nursing homes of uttar pradesh and uttarakhand were screened for rotavirus. of 220 diarrheic samples screened 46 samples were found to be positive for rotavirus by rna page. all the isolates exhibited 4-2-3-2 migration pattern suggesting group a rotavirus. both long and short electropherotypes were prevalent in these regions. six different electropherotypes were detected in this study per ...201223997341
etiological study of enteric viruses and the genetic diversity of norovirus, sapovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus in children with diarrhea in chongqing, china.enteric viruses are a major cause of diarrhea in children, especially those <5 years old. identifying the viral agents is critical to the development of effective preventive measures. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of common enteric viruses in children <5 years old presented with diarrhea to the children's hospital of chongqing medical university.201324004442
identification of circulating porcine-human reassortant g4p[6] rotavirus from children with acute diarrhea in china by whole genome analyses.p[6] group a rotavirus (rva) strains identified in four stool specimens collected from children with acute diarrhea in guangxi province, southern china in 2010, with unknown g type were further analyzed by full genomic analysis. it was revealed by whole genome sequencing that 11 genomic cognate gene segments of these p[6] rva strains shared almost 100% nucleotide identities and all exhibited an identical g4-p[6]-i1-r1-c1-m1-a8-n1-t1-e1-h1 genotype constellation. phylogenetic analyses of vp7, vp1 ...201324012957
characterization of the nsp4 gene of group a human rotavirus g1p[8] strains circulating in sapporo, japan from 1987 to 2000.the genetic diversity of the nsp4 gene of rotavirus g1p[8] strains obtained in sapporo was analyzed, japan from 1987 to 2000. sixty-four strains, which were distributed across the whole study period, were included. all g1p[8] nsp4 genes detected in this study belonged to genotype e1, which divided into at least three lineages. the sapporo rotavirus g1p[8] isolates were found in each lineage. the mean estimated substitution rate was 1.40 × 10(-3) nucleotide substitutions per site per year, which ...201424026858
characterization of a novel g3p[3] rotavirus isolated from a lesser horseshoe bat: a distant relative of feline/canine rotaviruses.bats are considered important animal reservoirs for many viruses pathogenic to humans. an approach based on viral metagenomics was used to study gut specimens from 78 insectivorous bats in yunnan province, china. seventy-four reads were found to be related to group a rotavirus (rva). further reverse transcription-pcr screening and viral isolation on cell cultures confirmed the presence of a novel rva strain, named rva/bat-tc/mslh14/2012/g3p[3], in 1 (6%) of 16 lesser horseshoe bats. full genomic ...201324027312
simultaneous detection of waterborne viruses by multiplex real-time pcr.norovirus, rotavirus group a, the hepatitis a virus, and coxsackievirus are all common causes of gastroenteritis. conventional diagnoses of these causative agents are based on antigen detection and electron microscopy. to improve the diagnostic potential for viral gastroenteritis, internally controlled multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods have been recently developed. in this study, individual real-time pcrs were developed and optimized for specific detections of norovirus ...201324037661
rotavirus in adults, brazil, 2004-2011: g2p[4] dominance and potential impact on vaccination.the aim of this study was to monitor rotavirus (rv) infections in adults >18 years with acute gastroenteritis during 2004-2011 national brazilian rv surveillance. in addition, to characterize the rv group a (rva) strains in order to gain insight into the supposed vaccine selective pressure imposed to brazilian children population.201424076114
detection and molecular characterization of diarrhea causing viruses in single and mixed infections in children: a comparative study between bangladesh and turkey.the incidence and mortality caused by diarrhea differ among countries. the prevalence of different enteric viruses, their molecular characteristics, and infections with multiple viruses might affect the disease incidence and mortality caused by diarrhea. the objective of this study was to determine the distribution and molecular characteristics of enteric viruses in children with diarrhea in turkey and bangladesh. a total of 288 stool samples that were negative for group a rotavirus were collect ...201424105741
added value of multiplex luminex gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag® gpp) testing in the diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis.the luminex gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag(®) gpp) detects in one assay the most common gastroenteritis-causing pathogens and toxins, namely adenovirus 40/41, norovirus genogroup (ng) i/ii, rotavirus a, clostridium difficile toxin a/b, campylobacter sp., escherichia coli o157, enterotoxigenic e. coli heat-labile enterotoxin/heat-stable enterotoxin, salmonella sp., shiga-toxin producing e. coli, shiga-like toxin (stx)1/2, shigella sp., vibrio cholerae, yersinia enterocolitica, cryptosporid ...201424131399
diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in northern brazil after introduction of a rotavirus vaccine: high prevalence of g3p[6] genotype.rotavirus a (rva) is the most common cause of severe acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide, causing 453,000 deaths annually. in brazil, the most frequent genotype identified was g1 during almost three decades in the pre-vaccination period; however, after anti-rotavirus vaccine introduction, there was a predominance of g2 genotype. the aim of this study was to determine the g and p genotypes of rotaviruses isolated from children under 5 years of age with acute gastroenteri ...201424136444
epidemiological and genetic analysis of human group c rotaviruses isolated from outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in yokohama, japan, between 2006 and 2012.group c rotavirus (gcrv) infection has been described in several parts of the world, predominantly as sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis. little is known about the yearly changes in the gcrv strains from diarrheal outbreaks. stool samples collected from outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in yokohama, japan, between 2006 and 2012 that were negative for norovirus, sapovirus, and group a rotavirus, were screened for gcrv using a reverse passive hemagglutination method. the gcrv strains were ch ...201424154950
detection of rotavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in porto velho, rondonia, brazil.rotavirus group a (rva) infection was ascertained in 591 fecal samples from children 0 to 6 years old with acute gastroenteritis. the vaccination status was also verified in all 591 subjects, with 302 (51.0 % ± 4.0 %) participants fully vaccinated against rotavirus. forty-two of the vaccinated children (13.9 % ± 3.9 %) tested positive for rva infection. of the 289 unvaccinated children (49.0 % ± 4.0 %), 61 (21.1 % ± 4.7 %) had stools positive for rva. this study suggests that the proportion of a ...201424158345
phylogenetic analysis of the rotavirus genotypes originated from children < 5 years of age in 16 cities in south korea, between 2000 and 2004.the purpose of this study was to examine the diversity of the g and p types of human rotavirus strains isolated in south korea during 2000 to 2004.201224159485
detection and characterization of potentially zoonotic viruses in faeces of pigs at slaughter in germany.pigs can harbour a variety of viruses in their gastrointestinal tract. some of them are closely related to human viruses and are therefore suspected to have a zoonotic potential. only little is known about the presence of those viruses in pigs at slaughter. however, by contamination of meat with zoonotic viruses during the slaughtering process, food-borne transmission to humans may be possible. here we analyzed 120 faecal samples of pigs at slaughter from 3 different geographical regions of germ ...201424247020
molecular characterization of human g8p[4] rotavirus strains in italy: proposal of a more complete subclassification of the g8 genotype in three major lineages.in 2011, two children with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis were hospitalized in sardinia, italy. two rva strains with g8p[4] genotype were detected in their stools, and were named ss56/2011 and ss65/2011. the aim of the study was to characterize these two rare strains, collected within a national rva gastroenteritis surveillance program. eight of the 11 rva genes were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis performed. vp7 amino acid sequence was also analyzed. sequencing of genes encoding the vp4, v ...201424252348
complete genome analysis of a rare human g3p[9] rotavirus posing as an au-1 like strain.we performed phylogenetic and sequence analysis by basic local alignment search tool (blast) of a complete human rotavirus (hrv) genome isolated from a hospitalized child with acute gastroenteritis in thailand.201324255863
g8p[6] rotaviruses isolated from amerindian children in mato grosso do sul, brazil, during 2009: close relationship of the g and p genes with those of bovine and bat strains.during the 2009 national group a rotavirus (rva) surveillance, five unusual strains of the human g8p[6] genotype were detected in brazilian indian children with acute gastroenteritis. the aim of this study was to carry out sequence analysis of the two outer capsid proteins (vp4 and vp7) and the inner capsid protein (vp6) of the g8p[6] strains detected in order to provide further information on the genetic relationship between human and animal rva. a total of 68 stool samples, collected in mato g ...201424259191
a fut2 gene common polymorphism determines resistance to rotavirus a of the p[8] genotype.attachment to carbohydrates of the histo-blood group type of several human rotavirus strains (rva) has recently been described. synthesis of these ligands requires a functional fut2 enzyme, suggesting that fut2 null homozygote (ie, nonsecretor) individuals may not be recognized by most human rva strains. whereas such individuals represent 20% of the control population, this retrospective study determined that none of 51 patients infected by p[8] rotavirus strains were nonsecretors. the lack of α ...201424277741
complete genotype constellation of human rotavirus group a circulating in thailand, 2008-2011.this study has identified diverse and re-assorted group a rotavirus (rva) strains by sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the 11 genomic segments. the 22 cases investigated in this study were collected from children with diarrhea between 2008 and 2011. the rva genomic constellations identified in this study were identified as g1-p[8]-i1-r1-c1-m1-a1-n1-t1-e1-h1 22.7% (5/22); g2-p[4]-i2-r2-c2-m2-a2-n2-t2-e2-h2 27.3% (6/22); g3-p[8]-i1-r1-c1-m1-a1-n1-t1-e1-h1 18.2% (4/22); g3-p[9]-i3-r3-c3-m3-a3-n ...201424296010
improved detection of gastrointestinal pathogens using generalised sample processing and amplification panels.we aimed to streamline the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease by producing multiplexed real time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) panels employing universal sample processing for dna and rna containing pathogens. a total of 487 stored, previously characterised stool samples comprising bacterial, viral, protozoan and clostridium difficile positive samples were tested using four multiplexed real time pcr panels. a further 81 pre-selected clinical samples from a teaching hospital were included to ...201424300711
real-time rt-pcr assays to differentiate wild-type group a rotavirus strains from rotarix(®) and rotateq(®) vaccine strains in stool samples.group a rotaviruses (rva) are the leading cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. two live-attenuated rva vaccines, rotarix(®) and rotateq(®) are recommended by world health organization (who) for routine immunization of all infants. rotarix(®) and rotateq(®) vaccines have substantially reduced rva associated mortality but occasionally have been associated with acute gastroenteritis (age) cases identified in vaccinees and their contacts. high-throughput assays are needed to monitor ...201424342877
hospital-based surveillance for rotavirus gastroenteritis in children younger than 5 years of age in ethiopia: 2007-2012.rotavirus surveillance was initiated in ethiopia to estimate the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age, to generate data to assist the policy-making process for new vaccine introduction and to monitor impact of vaccination on disease burden after introduction.201424343610
epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea and diversity of rotavirus strains among children less than 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in mauritius: june 2008 to december 2010.rotavirus is an important etiologic agent of diarrhea worldwide and ongoing surveillance is essential to monitor strain diversity. to describe the epidemiology of rotavirus disease and circulating rotavirus strains in mauritius, surveillance for rotavirus diarrhea was conducted at 2 regional hospitals from june 2008 through december 2010.201424343614
prevalence of rotavirus genotypes in south korea in 1989-2009: implications for a nationwide rotavirus vaccine program.the epidemiology of human group a rotavirus was analyzed by examining genotypic data acquired from 1989 to 2009 in south korea. this information was derived from all the available published articles on rotavirus studies in south korea, retrieved from both the pubmed and koreamed databases. four common g types (g1, g2, g3, and g4) and three common p types (p[8], p[4], and p[6]) accounted for approximately 93% and 99% of the rotavirus reports, respectively. the g9 type was frequently detected afte ...201324348658
detection of picobirnavirus and rotavirus in diarrhoeic faecal samples of cattle and buffalo calves in mumbai metropolis, western india.in this study 113 diarrhoeic faecal samples obtained from buffalo (n = 68) and cattle (n = 45) calves under 1 years of age were analysed in order to determine the presence of rotavirus infection and the frequency of picobirnavirus excretion. eleven (9.73%) samples positive for group a rotavirus were identified through rna-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (rna-page), while 4 (3.53%) samples showed a bisegmented genome with a typical picobirnavirus pattern. this is the first report of picobirnav ...201324362776
molecular epidemiologic trends of diarrhea-causing virus infection from clinical specimens in cheonan, korea, in 2010-2012.the enteric viruses have high health significance in humans, ranging from poliomyelitis, hepatitis, and gastroenteritis to innocuous infections, and the human enteric viral infection is the one of the most common diseases during early childhood. this study was conducted from july 2010 to october 2012.201424375926
group a rotavirus and bacterial agents associated with diarrhoea-induced hospitalisations in children below 5 years of age in jammu.out of 210 faecal samples collected from children below 5 years attending different hospitals in jammu and exhibiting clinical signs of diarrhoea, 41.9% samples were found positive for group a rotavirus by rna-page. escherichia coli isolated in the study belonged to nine serogroups, out of which o69 was most frequent, being present in 12.38% samples. e. coli serogroups well recognised as enteropathogens viz. o69, o20 and o153 were present in 27.6% samples. other bacterial pathogens associated wi ...201424399390
genetic diversity of group a rotavirus in swine in canada.group a rotaviruses (rva) in pigs have been poorly investigated in canada. in a continued effort to fill this gap, ten finisher swine farms in quebec, canada, were sampled over a nine-month period. the presence of rva was detected in healthy pigs on all farms investigated during the entire sampling period. the genotypes detected included g2, g5, g9 and g11; p[6], p[7], p[13], p[27] and p[34]; and i5 and i14. the predominant types were g2, p[13] and i5, which is different from previous global rep ...201424402632
molecular analysis of group a rotaviruses detected in adults and adolescents with severe acute gastroenteritis in italy in 2012.hospital-based surveillance of acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus has produced ample knowledge on the infection in children, whereas little is known on rotavirus infection among adults. the italian surveillance program rotanet-italia collected 1,595 samples from patients admitted to hospital with gastroenteritis in 2012. all patients presented with vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and/or abdominal pain. forty-two samples obtained by the rotanet-italia (2.6%) were from adolescents or adults (10- ...201424415411
detection and genetic characterization of human enteric viruses in oyster-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks between 2001 and 2012 in osaka city, japan.enteric viruses are an important cause of viral food-borne disease. shellfish, especially oysters, are well recognized as a source of food-borne diseases, and oyster-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks have on occasion become international occurrences. in this study, 286 fecal specimens from 88 oyster-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks were examined for the presence of 10 human enteric viruses using antigenic or genetic detection methods in order to determine the prevalence of these infection ...201424415518
diversity of rotavirus strains causing diarrhea in <5 years old chinese children: a systematic review.we conducted a systematic review of the diversity and fluctuation of group a rotavirus strains circulating in china.201424416267
group a rotaviruses in children with gastroenteritis in a canadian pediatric hospital: the prevaccine era.a publicly funded, group a rotavirus (rva) vaccination program was implemented in quebec in november 2011.201324421793
circulation of group a rotaviruses among neonates of human, cow and pig: study from assam, a north eastern state of india.rotavirus (rv) infections are worldwide in distribution causing high morbidity and mortality in human and animal neonates. human settlements in close proximity of animals aids for genetic re-assortment of the virus by interspecies transmission and consequent emergence of new viral antigenic strain. therefore, the present study was designed to explore rv incidence in a single approach from human and animal neonates sharing similar environment. altogether, 200 diarrheal samples from children (50), ...201324426283
genetic diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in environmental water and bivalve shellfish in thailand.rotavirus is a common cause of acute diarrhea in young children worldwide. this study investigated the prevalence and molecular characterization of rotavirus in environmental water and oyster samples in thailand. a total of 114 water samples and 110 oyster samples were collected and tested for group a rotavirus using rt-nested pcr. rotavirus genotype was identified by phylogenetic analysis of the vp7 genetic sequences. group a rotavirus was detected in 21 water samples (18.4%) and six oyster sam ...201424469269
simultaneous detection of five enteric viruses associated with gastroenteritis by use of a pcr assay: a single real-time multiplex reaction and its clinical application.we developed a highly sensitive reverse transcription and multiplex real-time pcr (rtpcr) assay that can identify five viruses, including six genogroups, in a single reaction: norovirus genogroups i and ii; sapovirus genogroups i, ii, iv, and v; human rotavirus a; adenovirus serotypes 40 and 41; and human astrovirus. in comparison to monoplex rtpcr assays, the sensitivities and specificities of the multiplex rtpcr ranged from 75% to 100% and from 99% to 100%, respectively, evaluated on 812 clini ...201424478418
first molecular detection of group a rotavirus in urban and hospital sewage systems by nested-rt pcr in shiraz, iran.group a rotaviruses are the most significant cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. rotaviruses are shed in high numbers and dispersed widely throughout bodies of water in the environment. this represents a significant health hazard for humans, mainly due to the stability of the viruses during wastewater treatment processes. this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of rotaviruses, to determine g genotypes of circulating rotaviruses and to assess the efficiency of rotavi ...201324499551
[isolation and characterization of rotavirus from bat].bats are considered as important animal reservoirs for many pathogenic viruses to humans. the viral metagenomic analysis was performed to study gut and lung tissues of 30 insectivorous bats collected in yunnan province and 26 reads were noted to group a rotavirus (rva). further rt-pcr screening on bat samples and in vitro viral isolation on cell cultures confirmed the presence of a novel rva, named as rva/bat-tc/myas33/2013/g3p[10], in one of 30 stoliczka's trident bats. the vp7 gene of this str ...201324520769
[research progress of real-time quantitative pcr method for group a rotavirus detection].group a rotavirus is one of the most significant etiological agents which causes acute gastroenteritis among infants and young children worldwide. so far, several method which includes electron microscopy (em), enzyme immunoassay (eia), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr)and real-time quantitative pcr has been established for the detection of rotavirus. compared with other methods, real-time quantitative pcr have advantages in specificity, sensitivity, genotyping and quantit ...201324520772
utility of specific biomarkers to assess safety of swine manure for biofertilizing purposes.swine production is an important economic activity in brazil, and there is interest in the development of clean production mechanisms to support sustainable agro-industrial activities. the biomass derived from swine manure has good potential to be used as a biofertilizer due to its high nutrient concentration. however, the land application of manure should be based on safety parameters such as the presence of pathogens that can potentially infect animals and people. this study was designed to as ...201424565860
complete genomic sequence analyses of the first group a giraffe rotavirus reveals close evolutionary relationship with rotaviruses infecting other members of the artiodactyla.group a rotaviruses (rva) have been established as significant contributory agents of acute gastroenteritis in young children and many animal species. in 2008, we described the first rva strain detected in a giraffe calf (rva/giraffe-wt/irl/girrv/2008/g10p[11]), presenting with acute diarrhoea. molecular characterisation of the vp7 and vp4 genes revealed the bovine-like genotypes g10 and p[11], respectively. to further investigate the origin of this giraffe rva strain, the 9 remaining gene segme ...201424582453
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