Publications

clonal lineages, antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from fecal samples of red foxes (vulpes vulpes).	fourteen vana-containing enterococcal isolates were detected in seven of 52 fecal samples (13.5%) from free-ranging red foxes in portugal. nine of the vana-containing isolates were enterococcus faecium and five were e. durans. both sequence types, st262 and st273, were identified among e. faecium isolates.	2011	21719850
occurrence of cryptosporidium spp. in red foxes and brown bear in the slovak republic.	wild animals can be involved in epidemiology of many important diseases and often act as reservoirs of pathogens which cause disease in domestic animals and humans. this paper aims the role of red fox (vulpes vulpes) and brown bear (ursus arctos) in the circulation of coccidian parasites from the genus cryptosporidium. cryptosporidiosis is known as an important enteric pathogen, clinical symptoms in particular in immune-compromised individuals range from mild to severe diarrhoea and dehydration, ...	2011	21744018
the effects of sex, age, season and habitat on diet of the red fox vulpes vulpes in northeastern poland.	the diet of the red fox vulpes vulpes was investigated in five regions of northeastern poland by stomach content analysis of 224 foxes collected from hunters. the red fox is expected to show the opportunistic feeding habits. our study showed that foxes preyed mainly on wild prey, with strong domination of microtus rodents, regardless of sex, age, month and habitat. voles microtus spp. were found in 73% of stomachs and constituted 47% of food volume consumed. other food items were ungulate carrio ...	2011	21765531
modern and ancient red fox (vulpes vulpes) in europe show an unusual lack of geographical and temporal structuring, and differing responses within the carnivores to historical climatic change.	despite phylogeographical patterns being well characterised in a large number of species, and generalised patterns emerging, the carnivores do not all appear to show consistent trends. while some species tend to fit with standard theoretical phylogeographic expectations (e.g. bears), others show little obvious modern phylogeographic structure (e.g. wolves). in this study we briefly review these studies, and present a new phylogeographical study of the red fox (vulpes vulpes) throughout europe, u ...	2011	21774815
[tick (ixodoidea) and flea (siphonaptera) species on three red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in erzurum province].	in this study, three red foxes (vulpes vulpes) which died after traffic accidents were examined in terms of ectoparasites, in the province of erzurum in january of 2009. 13 ticks and 74 fleas were collected from the foxes and taken to the laboratory in separate glasses containing 70% alcohol. ticks were taken directly from 70% alcohol and have been identified under the stereo microscope. fleas were cleared in 10% koh solution during 4-13 days and washed in distilled water 3-4 times and were iden ...	2011	21776598
temporal stability in the genetic structure of sarcoptes scabiei under the host-taxon law: empirical evidences from wildlife-derived sarcoptes mite in asturias, spain.	abstract: background: implicitly, parasite molecular studies assume temporal genetic stability. in this study we tested, for the first time to our knowledge, the extent of changes in genetic diversity and structure of sarcoptes mite populations from pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica) in asturias (spain), using one multiplex of 9 microsatellite markers and sarcoptes samples from sympatric pyrenean chamois, red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and red fox (vulpes vulpes). ...	2011	21794141
mother knows best: dominant females determine offspring dispersal in red foxes (vulpes vulpes).	relatedness between group members is central to understanding the causes of animal dispersal. in many group-living mammals this can be complicated as extra-pair copulations result in offspring having varying levels of relatedness to the dominant animals, leading to a potential conflict between male and female dominants over offspring dispersal strategies. to avoid resource competition and inbreeding, dominant males might be expected to evict unrelated males and related females, whereas the rever ...	2011	21799780
two candidate genes (fto and insig2) for fat accumulation in four canids: chromosome mapping, gene polymorphisms and association studies of body and skin weight of red foxes.	fat accumulation is a polygenic trait which has a significant impact on human health and animal production. obesity is also an increasingly serious problem in dog breeding. the fto and insig2 are considered as candidate genes associated with predisposition for human obesity. in this report we present a comparative genomic analysis of these 2 genes in 4 species belonging to the family canidae - the dog and 3 species which are kept in captivity for fur production, i.e. red fox, arctic fox and chin ...	2011	21846970
Morphological and molecular characterization and phylogenetic placement of Sarcocystis capreolicanis and Sarcocystis silva n. sp. from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Norway.	Sarcocysts were isolated from the muscle tissue of three roe deer from southeastern Norway and examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and/or sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA) gene. By light microscopy, four sarcocyst types were found, including those of Sarcocystis gracilis and Sarcocystis oviformis, which had been characterized previously. The third cyst type had about 10 µm long, flexible, hair-like surface protrusions, consistent with those of Sarcoc ...	2011	21853224
Genetic characterization of flea-derived Bartonella species from native animals in Australia suggests host-parasite co-evolution.	Fleas are important arthropod vectors for a variety of diseases in veterinary and human medicine, and bacteria belonging to the genus Bartonella are among the organisms most commonly transmitted by these ectoparasites. Recently, a number of novel Bartonella species and novel species candidates have been reported in marsupial fleas in Australia. In the present study the genetic diversity of marsupial fleas was investigated; 10 species of fleas were collected from seven different marsupial and pla ...	2011	21856444
red fox vulpes vulpes (l., 1758) as a bioindicator of mercury contamination in terrestrial ecosystems of north-western poland.	in this study, we determined the concentrations of total mercury (hg) in samples of liver, kidney and skeletal muscle of 27 red foxes vulpes vulpes (l., 1758) from north-western poland, and examined the morphometric characteristics of the collected specimens. the analysis also included the relationship between hg concentration and the fox size, and the suitability of individual organs as bioindicators in indirect evaluation of environmental mercury contamination. determination of hg concentratio ...	2011	21892722
serological evidence of coxiella burnetii exposure in native marsupials and introduced animals in queensland, australia.	summarythe state of queensland has the highest incidence of q fever in australia. in recent years, there has been an increase in human cases where no contacts with the typical reservoir animals or occupations were reported. the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of coxiella burnetii in australian native animals and introduced animals in northern and southeastern queensland. australian native marsupials sampled included the brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula) and common no ...	2011	21892986
new data in france on the trematode alaria alata (goeze, 1792) obtained during trichinella inspections.	the trematode alaria alata is a cosmopolite parasite found in red foxes (vulpes vulpes), the main definitive host in europe. in contrast only few data are reported in wild boars (sus scrofa), a paratenic host. the aim of this paper is to describe the importance and distribution of alaria alata mesocercariae in wild boars, information is given by findings of these larvae during trichinella mandatory meat inspection on wild boars' carcasses aimed for human consumption. more than a hundred cases of ...	2011	21894269
A potential novel Brucella species isolated from mandibular lymph nodes of red foxes in Austria.	The wild red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a known indicator species for natural foci of brucellosis. Here, we describe phenotypic and molecular characteristics of two atypical Brucella strains isolated from two foxes hunted 2008 in Eastern Austria. Both strains agglutinated with monospecific anti-Brucella A serum and were positive in ELISA with monoclonal antibodies directed against various Brucella lipopolysaccharide epitopes. However, negative nitrate reductase- and negative oxidase-reaction were at ...	2011	21908110
zoonotic bartonella species in fleas and blood from red foxes in australia.	abstract bartonella are arthropod-borne, fastidious, gram-negative, and aerobic bacilli distributed by fleas, lice, sand flies, and, possibly, ticks. the zoonotic bartonella species, bartonella henselae and bartonella clarridgeiae, which are the causes of cat scratch disease and endocarditis in humans, have been reported from cats, cat fleas, and humans in australia. however, to date, there has been no report of b. henselae or b. clarridgeiae in australian wild animals and their ectoparasites. ...	2011	21919728
comparing adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mammalian species and orders: influence of chronological age and life history stage.	adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a prominent event in rodents. in species with longer life expectancies, newly born cells in the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation are less abundant or can be completely absent. several lines of evidence indicate that the regulatory mechanisms of adult neurogenesis differ between short- and long-lived mammals. after a critical appraisal of the factors and problems associated with comparing different species, we provide a quantitative comparison der ...	2011	21929629
Anchoring the dog to its relatives reveals new evolutionary breakpoints across 11 species of the Canidae and provides new clues for the role of B chromosomes.	The emergence of genome-integrated molecular cytogenetic resources allows for comprehensive comparative analysis of gross karyotype architecture across related species. The identification of evolutionarily conserved chromosome segment (ECCS) boundaries provides deeper insight into the process of chromosome evolution associated with speciation. We evaluated the genome-wide distribution and relative orientation of ECCSs in three wild canid species with diverse karyotypes (red fox, Chinese raccoon ...	2011	21947954
teeth of the red fox vulpes vulpes (l., 1758) as a bioindicator in studies on fluoride pollution.	an examination was made of fluoride content in the mandibular first molars of the permanent teeth of the red fox vulpes vulpes living in north-west (nw) poland. the teeth were first dried to a constant weight at 105°c and then ashed. fluorides were determined potentiometrically, and their concentrations were expressed in dry weight (dw) and ash. the results were used to perform an indirect estimation of fluoride pollution in the examined region of poland. the collected specimens (n = 35) were cl ...	2011	21957316
evaluation of selenium status and its distribution in organs of free living foxes (vulpes vulpes) from an se deficient area.	the objective of the study was to determine selenium status and its distribution in the organs of free living foxes from selenium deficient areas of north-western poland. samples of organs harvested from 40 foxes shot during the 2008-2009 hunting seasons served as experimental material. selenium concentration in the organs was determined spectrofluorometrically. selenium distribution in tissues depends largely on its dietary content. our study indicated that concentrations of selenium in the exa ...	2011	21957741
Sequence comparison of prefrontal cortical brain transcriptome from a tame and an aggressive silver fox (Vulpes vulpes).	Two strains of the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes), with markedly different behavioral phenotypes, have been developed by long-term selection for behavior. Foxes from the tame strain exhibit friendly behavior towards humans, paralleling the sociability of canine puppies, whereas foxes from the aggressive strain are defensive and exhibit aggression to humans. To understand the genetic differences underlying these behavioral phenotypes fox-specific genomic resources are needed.	2011	21967120
Helminths of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Lithuania.	SUMMARYRed foxes and raccoon dogs are hosts for a wide range of parasites including important zoonotic helminths. The raccoon dog has recently invaded into Europe from the east. The contribution of this exotic species to the epidemiology of parasitic diseases, particularly parasitic zoonoses is unknown. The helminth fauna and the abundance of helminth infections were determined in 310 carcasses of hunted red foxes and 99 of raccoon dogs ...	2011	21996514
Susceptibility of carnivore hosts to strains of canine distemper virus from distinct genetic lineages.	Using the complete haemagglutinin (HA) gene and partial phosphoprotein (P) gene we investigated the genotype of canine distemper virus (CDV) strains recovered from two wildlife species in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated significant differences between the strains from raccoons Procyon lotor (family Procyonidae) obtained in 2007 and strains from red foxes Vulpes vulpes (family Canidae) obtained in 2008. The raccoon strains belonged to the CDV European wildlife ...	2011	22024346
population and behavioural responses of native prey to alien predation.	the introduction of invasive alien predators often has catastrophic effects on populations of naïve native prey, but in situations where prey survive the initial impact a predator may act as a strong selective agent for prey that can discriminate and avoid it. using two common species of australian small mammals that have persisted in the presence of an alien predator, the european red fox vulpes vulpes, for over a century, we hypothesised that populations of both would perform better where the ...	2011	22042524
top predators as biodiversity regulators: the dingo canis lupus dingo as a case study.	top-order predators often have positive effects on biological diversity owing to their key functional roles in regulating trophic cascades and other ecological processes. their loss has been identified as a major factor contributing to the decline of biodiversity in both aquatic and terrestrial systems. consequently, restoring and maintaining the ecological function of top predators is a critical global imperative. here we review studies of the ecological effects of the dingo canis lupus dingo, ...	2012	22051057
predicting the potential demographic impact of predators on their prey: a comparative analysis of two carnivore-ungulate systems in scandinavia.	1. understanding the role of predation in shaping the dynamics of animal communities is a fundamental issue in ecological research. nevertheless, the complex nature of predator-prey interactions often prevents researchers from modelling them explicitly. 2. by using periodic leslie-usher matrices and a simulation approach together with parameters obtained from long-term field projects, we reconstructed the underlying mechanisms of predator-prey demographic interactions and compared the dynamics o ...	2011	22077484
Levels of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the critically endangered Iberian lynx and other sympatric carnivores in Spain.	Accumulation of organochlorine compounds is well studied in aquatic food chains whereas little information is available from terrestrial food chains. This study presents data of organochlorine levels in tissue and plasma samples of 15 critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) and other 55 wild carnivores belonging to five species from three natural areas of Spain (Doñana National Park, Sierra Morena and Lozoya River) and explores their relationship with species diet. The Iberian lynx, w ...	2011	22099537
toxoplasma gondii in foxes and rodents from the german federal states of brandenburg and saxony-anhalt: seroprevalence and genotypes.	data on the genotypes of toxoplasma gondii circulating in wildlife are scarce. in the present study, foxes and rodents from two federal states in central or eastern germany were examined for t. gondii infections. body fluids were collected at necropsy or fluids were obtained from frozen tissues of naturally exposed red foxes (vulpes vulpes), voles (microtus arvalis), shrews (neomys anomalus) and a striped field mouse (apodemus agrarius) and tested for t. gondii by serology. dna isolated from tis ...	2011	22105083
genetics of behavior in the silver fox.	the silver fox provides a rich resource for investigating the genetics of behavior, with strains developed by intensely selective breeding that display markedly different behavioral phenotypes. until recently, however, the tools for conducting molecular genetic investigations in this species were very limited. in this review, the history of development of this resource and the tools to exploit it are described. although the focus is on the genetics of domestication in the silver fox, there is a ...	2012	22108806
Rickettsiae in arthropods collected from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in France.	The aim of our study was to detect the presence of Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. in ticks and fleas collected from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in southeastern France during 2008. Using a genus-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay, which was followed by a species-specific qPCR assay for the positive samples, 45.2% (33/73) of ticks (Rhipicephalus turanicus) were found to be infected with Rickettsia massiliae. 10.5% (2/19) of the fleas (Archaeopsylla erinacei) collected in the study tested po ...	2011	22118782
detection of echinococcus multilocularis in carnivores in razavi khorasan province, iran using mitochondrial dna.	echinococcus multilocularis is the source of alveolar echinococcosis, a potentially fatal zoonotic disease. this investigation assessed the presence of e. multilocularis infection in definitive hosts in the chenaran region of razavi khorasan province, northeastern iran.	2011	22132245
presence of bartonella species in wild carnivores of northern spain.	the genus bartonella was detected by pcr in 5.7% (12/212) of wild carnivores from northern spain. based on hybridization and sequence analyses, bartonella henselae was identified in a wildcat (felis silvestris), bartonella rochalimae in a red fox (vulpes vulpes) and in a wolf (canis lupus), and bartonella sp. in badgers (meles meles).	2011	22138983
[human echinococcosis in poland in 2003-2010 according to the serological tests results of niph-nih].	in 2003-2010 5483 persons suspected of echinococcosis were examined for echinococcus granulosus and echinococcus multilocularis infections using serological tests in the department of medical parasitology national institute of public health - national institute of hygiene. the screening test elisa (bordier affinity products s. a.), confirmation tests western-blot (ldbio diagnostics, lyon-france) and elisa em2 plus (bordier affinity products s.a) were applied. within 235 persons posistive for in ...	2011	22184948
changes in the geographical distribution and abundance of the tick ixodes ricinus during the past 30 years in sweden.	abstract: background: ixodes ricinus is the main vector in europe of human-pathogenic lyme borreliosis (lb) spirochaetes, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) and other pathogens of humans and domesticated mammals. the results of a previous 1994 questionnaire, directed at people living in central and north sweden (svealand and norrland) and aiming to gather information about tick exposure for humans and domestic animals, suggested that ixodes ricinus ticks had become more widespread in cent ...	2012	22233771
the quadriceps angle: reliability and accuracy in a fox (vulpes vulpes) pelvic limb model.	to evaluate the effect of measurement technique and limb positioning on quadriceps (q) angle measurement, intra- and interobserver reliability, potential sources of error, and the effect of q angle variation.	2012	22239602
screening for trichinella britovi infection in red fox (vulpes vulpes) and wild boar (sus scrofa) in southeastern france.	from 2006 to 2009 we screened 108 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 894 wild boars (sus scrofa) in haut-var, france for trichinella britovi infection. prevalences were 2.7 and 0% respectively. the fox may be considered a predictive sentinel for trichinella in the haut-var ecosystem.	2012	22247397
comparison of reliability of five patellar position indices at various stifle joint angles in pelvic limbs obtained from cadavers of red foxes (vulpes vulpes).	to compare 5 patellar position indices at various stifle joint angles in cadavers of red foxes, determine measurement reliability, and assess the suitability of these indices for clinical use.	2012	22280388
emergence of canine distemper virus strains with modified molecular signature and enhanced neuronal tropism leading to high mortality in wild carnivores.	an ongoing canine distemper epidemic was first detected in switzerland in the spring of 2009. compared to previous local canine distemper outbreaks, it was characterized by unusually high morbidity and mortality, rapid spread over the country, and susceptibility of several wild carnivore species. here, the authors describe the associated pathologic changes and phylogenetic and biological features of a multiple highly virulent canine distemper virus (cdv) strain detected in and/or isolated from r ...	2012	22362965
potential application of serological tests on fluids from carcasses: detection of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii and sarcoptes scabiei in red foxes (vulpes vulpes).	serological surveys for disease investigation of wild animal populations require obtaining blood samples for analysis, which has logistic, ethic and economic difficulties. applying serological test to fluids collected from dead animals is an alternative. the aim of this study was to assess if antibodies could be detected in two types of fluids collected from 56 carcasses of red foxes (vulpes vulpes): pleural fluid and lung extract.	2012	22380986
relative abundance of american badger (taxidea taxus) and red fox (vulpes vulpes) in landscapes with high and low rodenticide poisoning levels.	over the past decade, extensive poisoning campaigns have been conducted in southern saskatchewan to control richardson's ground squirrel spermophilus richardsonii (sabine, 1822) populations. such campaigns might impact on predator abundance by decreasing prey levels, and also through secondary poisoning. using spotlighting, we investigated the relative abundance of american badgers taxidea taxus (schreber, 1777) and red fox vulpes vulpes (linnaeus, 1758) in 2 study areas with road access and cro ...	2012	22405447
complete mitochondiral genome of the korean red fox vulpes vulpes (carnivora, canidae).	the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of vulpes vulpes consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna genes, 2 rrna genes, and 1 control region (cr). cr is located between the trna-pro and trna-phe genes and is 1173 base pairs (bp) in length. it consists of a short non-repetitive sequence followed by 8-bp 5'-acacacgt-3' tandem repeat between conserved sequence black i and conserved sequence black ii.	2012	22409760
vascular lesions of dirofilaria immitis in the red fox.	dirofilaria immitis was found in the right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and lungs of 2 red foxes (vulpes fulva) in connecticut. the most significant lesions occurred in the pulmonary artery and consisted of focal atheromatous-like intimal plaques, diffuse subintimal accumulations of inflammatory cells, and marked villose endarteritis in the elastic portion of the pulmonary artery. medial hyperplasia of the muscular branches, along with periarteritis, was found in 1 fox. these 2 cases may be a fu ...	1966	22413202
comparative cytogenetic analysis of sex chromosomes in several canidae species using zoo-fish.	sex chromosome differentiation began early during mammalian evolution. the karyotype of almost all placental mammals living today includes a pair of heterosomes: xx in females and xy in males. the genomes of different species may contain homologous synteny blocks indicating that they share a common ancestry. one of the tools used for their identification is the zoo-fish technique. the aim of the study was to determine whether sex chromosomes of some members of the canidae family (the domestic do ...	2012	22428301
prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection diagnosed by pcr in farmed red foxes, arctic foxes and raccoon dogs.	the aim of this study was to compare toxoplasma gondii infection in three canid species: red fox vulpes vulpes, arctic fox vulpes lagopus and raccoon dog nyctereutesprocyonoides kept at the same farm. anal swabs were taken from 24 adult and 10 juvenile red foxes, 12 adult arctic foxes, three adult and seven juvenile raccoon dogs. additionally, muscle samples were taken from 10 juvenile red foxes. pcr was used to detect t. gondii dna. t. gondii infection was not detected in any of the arctic foxe ...	2012	22428309
foxes as a potential wildlife reservoir for meca-positive staphylococci.	methicillin-resistant staphylococci (mrs), and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in particular, have become a public and veterinary health concern. the search for mrs reservoirs outside human hospitals is needed in order to understand the reasons for their persistence and to control their spread. mrs have been isolated from rats, but little is known about their occurrence in foxes. in view of the perceived increasing proximity between people and foxes in the u.k. and the well-do ...	2012	22448723
echinococcus multilocularis in svalbard, norway: microsatellite genotyping to investigate the origin of a highly focal contamination.	echinococcus multilocularis is a threatening cestode involved in the human alveolar echinococcosis. the parasite, mainly described in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere was described for the first time in 1999 in the high arctic svalbard archipelago, norway. the origin of this contamination could be due to an anthropogenic introduction from mainland europe by domestic dogs or with the introduction of the sibling vole, perhaps from mainland russia (st. petersburg area), or with roaming ...	2012	22465539
territorial dynamics and stable home range formation for central place foragers.	uncovering the mechanisms behind territory formation is a fundamental problem in behavioural ecology. the broad nature of the underlying conspecific avoidance processes are well documented across a wide range of taxa. scent marking in particular is common to a large range of terrestrial mammals and is known to be fundamental for communication. however, despite its importance, exact quantification of the time-scales over which scent cues and messages persist remains elusive. recent work by the pr ...	2012	22479510
antibodies to west nile virus and related flaviviruses in wild boar, red foxes and other mesomammals from spain.	red foxes (vulpes vulpes), wild boar (sus scrofa) and iberian pigs (sus scrofa domestica) that are raised extensively outdoors, as well as other wild mesomammals from south central spain and wild boar from doñana national park (dnp), were tested for antibodies against related flaviviruses by elisa and for antibodies against wnv by vnt. mean flavivirus seroprevalence according to elisa was 20.4 ± 7.8% (21 out of 103) in red foxes, 12.6 ± 2.8% (69 out of 545) in wild boars, and 3.3±2.7% (6 out of ...	2012	22595138
trace metals and micronutrients in bone tissues of the red fox vulpes vulpes (l., 1758).	in this study we determined the levels of trace elements (zinc, copper, lead, cadmium and mercury) in three layers of bones of the hip joint (cartilage, compact bone and spongy bone) of 30 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from north-western poland. concentrations of cu, zn, pb and cd were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (icp-aes) in inductively coupled argon plasma using a perkin-elmer optima 2000 dv. determination of hg concentration was performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. i ...	2012	22707758
deer, predators, and the emergence of lyme disease.	lyme disease is the most prevalent vector-borne disease in north america, and both the annual incidence and geographic range are increasing. the emergence of lyme disease has been attributed to a century-long recovery of deer, an important reproductive host for adult ticks. however, a growing body of evidence suggests that lyme disease risk may now be more dynamically linked to fluctuations in the abundance of small-mammal hosts that are thought to infect the majority of ticks. the continuing an ...	2012	22711825
diversity of currently circulating rabies virus strains in croatia.	sylvatic rabies has been present in croatia for more than three decades, with the red fox (vulpes vulpes) as the main reservoir. the present epidemic of sylvatic rabies in croatia started already in 1977 and in the past ten years the disease has become enzootic in the entire country and thus represents a considerable veterinary and public health threat. a genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of rabies virus isolates (rabv) from croatia was performed using panel of 32 selected rabie ...	2012	22712423
contamination of soil with eggs of geohelminths in recreational areas in the lublin region of poland.	recreational areas cover parks, bicycle paths, lawns, urban squares, sports complexes, holiday camp areas, playgrounds for children, beaches, and even spontaneously used green field open spaces. while using recreational areas, people take with them accompanying animals (dogs, cats). these animals constitute the main source and reservoir of many dangerous zoonoses, including parasitoses caused by roundworms of the genus toxocara and trichuris. the objective of the presented study was determinatio ...	2012	22742799
specific detection of echinococcus spp. from the tibetan fox (vulpes ferrilata) and the red fox (v. vulpes) using copro-dna pcr analysis.	there are three echinococcus species, echinococcus granulosus, e. multilocularis, and e. shiquicus, which are distributed on the vast area of pastureland on the eastern tibetan plateau in china. tibetan foxes (vulpes ferrilata) have been determined to be the main wild definitive host of e. multilocularis and e. shiquicus, but little information is available on the prevalence of these two parasites in tibetan foxes. consequently, the copro-prevalence of these parasites in foxes from the eastern t ...	2012	22744713
large-scale serosurvey of besnoitia besnoiti in free-living carnivores in spain.	the disease bovine besnoitiosis is responsible for severe economic losses caused by the protozoan besnoitia besnoiti. the identity of the definitive host (dh) of this parasite has yet to be determined, although it is presumed to be a carnivore. with the aim of advancing in the identification of b. besnoiti dh, a necessary step in implementing control strategies, the contact rate of 205 free-roaming carnivores with this parasite in spain was studied. the study included 16 wolves (canis lupus), 41 ...	2012	22770702
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with multidimensional scaling, binary hierarchical cluster tree and selected diagnostic masses improves species identification of neolithic keratin sequences from furs of the tyrolean iceman oetzi.	the identification of fur origins from the 5300-year-old tyrolean iceman's accoutrement is not yet complete, although definite identification is essential for the socio-cultural context of his epoch. neither have all potential samples been identified so far, nor there has a consensus been reached on the species identified using the classical methods. archaeological hair often lacks analyzable hair scale patterns in microscopic analyses and polymer chain reaction (pcr)-based techniques are often ...	2012	22777774
tularaemia seroprevalence of captured and wild animals in germany: the fox (vulpes vulpes) as a biological indicator.	a total of 2475 animals from germany, both captive and wild, were tested for antibodies against francisella tularensis to obtain more knowledge about the presence of this pathogen in germany. an indirect and a competitive elisa served as screening methods, positive and inconclusive samples were confirmed by western blot. of the zoo animals sampled between 1992 and 2007 (n = 1122), three (0·3%) were seropositive. the seroconversion of a hippopotamus in berlin zoo was documented. from 1353 serum s ...	2013	22800496
a diagnostic study of echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from great britain.	alveolar echinococcosis is caused by a parasitic tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis and is a serious disease with high fatality in humans. the definitive primary host is the red fox (vulpes vulpes) but domestic animals (dogs and to a lesser extent cats) as well as several genera of rodents can also be infected with the parasite. there is, to date, no evidence of indigenous cases of e. multilocularis in great britain (gb) but in most of continental europe the parasite is considered to be endemi ...	2012	22840643
exposure to predator odor and resulting anxiety enhances the expression of the α2 δ subunit of voltage-sensitive calcium channels in the amygdala.	the α2 δ subunit of voltage-sensitive calcium channels (vsccs) is the molecular target of pregabalin and gabapentin, two drugs marked for the treatment of focal epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and anxiety disorders. expression of the α2 δ subunit is up-regulated in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord in models of neuropathic pain, suggesting that plastic changes in the α2 δ subunit are associated with pathological states. here, we examined the expression of the α2 δ-1 subunit in the amygdala, hippoc ...	2013	22849384
red fox (vulpes vulpes linnaeus, 1758) as biological indicator for environmental pollution in hungary.	our aim were to establish the metal (cu, ni, zn, co, cd, and pb) levels of red fox liver and the kidney samples (n = 10) deriving from central part of hungary and compare the results with other countries' data. according to our results the concentrations of residues of the targeted elements (mg/kg dry weight) in liver and kidney samples were, respectively in liver: cu: 21.418, zn: 156.928, ni: 2.079, co: 1.611, pb: 1.678 and cd: 0.499; and kidney samples: cu: 9.236; zn: 87.159; ni: 2.514; co: 2. ...	2012	22864592
behavioral responses of native prey to disparate predators: naiveté and predator recognition.	it is widely accepted that predator recognition and avoidance are important behaviors in allowing prey to mitigate the impacts of their predators. however, while prey species generally develop anti-predator behaviors through coevolution with predators, they sometimes show accelerated adoption of these behaviors under strong selection pressure from novel species. we used a field manipulation experiment to gauge the ability of the common ringtail possum (pseudocheirus peregrinus), a semi-arboreal ...	2013	22865005
anthropogenic influences on macro-level mammal occupancy in the appalachian trail corridor.	anthropogenic effects on wildlife are typically assessed at the local level, but it is often difficult to extrapolate to larger spatial extents. macro-level occupancy studies are one way to assess impacts of multiple disturbance factors that might vary over different geographic extents. here we assess anthropogenic effects on occupancy and distribution for several mammal species within the appalachian trail (at), a forest corridor that extends across a broad section of the eastern united states. ...	2012	22880038
occurrence and geographical distribution of canine distemper virus infection in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) of saxony-anhalt, germany.	canine distemper virus (cdv) infects dogs and a variety of carnivore species. in saxony-anhalt, a federal state of germany, 761 foxes were examined for cdv infection, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr), in the years 2010 and 2011. a prevalence of 30.5% was found for the whole time period without significant changes in prevalence between 2010 and 2011. the relative risk (rr) of a fox to test positive for cdv varied markedly within the area of the state and was significantly increased ...	2013	22999912
canid progesterone receptors lack activation function 3 domain-dependent activity.	progesterone regulates multiple behavioral, physiological, and pathological aspects of female reproductive biology through its two progesterone receptors (prs), pr-b and the truncated pr-a. pr-b is necessary for mammary gland development in mice and, compared with pr-a, is overall a stronger transactivator of target genes due to an additional activation function 3 (af3) domain. in dogs, known for their high sensitivity to progesterone-induced mammary cancer, the pr-b function was studied. canine ...	2012	23041671
first european interlaboratory comparison of tetracycline and age determination with red fox teeth following oral rabies vaccination programs.	the first european interlaboratory comparison of tetracycline and age determination with red fox (vulpes vulpes) tooth samples was organized by the european union reference laboratory for rabies. performance and procedures implemented by member states were compared. these techniques are widely used to monitor bait uptake in european oral rabies vaccination campaigns. a panel of five red fox half-mandibles comprising one weak positive juvenile sample, two positive adult samples, one negative juve ...	2012	23060487
investigating the role of wild carnivores in the epidemiology of bovine neosporosis.	neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite, primarily associated with bovine abortion. the only definitive hosts discovered to date are carnivores. this study aimed to identify the role of mammalian carnivores in the epidemiology of bovine neosporosis. a sample bank of serum, fecal and brain samples was established: american mink (mustela vison), red foxes (vulpes vulpes), pine martens (martes martes), badgers (meles meles), stoats (mustela erminea), otters (lutra lutra) and feral ferrets (mustela ...	2013	23068142
colonization of abandoned land by juniperus thurifera is mediated by the interaction of a diverse dispersal assemblage and environmental heterogeneity.	land abandonment is one of the most powerful global change drivers in developed countries where recent rural exodus has been the norm. abandonment of traditional land use practices has permitted the colonization of these areas by shrub and tree species. for fleshy fruited species the colonization of new areas is determined by the dispersal assemblage composition and abundance. in this study we showed how the relative contribution to the dispersal process by each animal species is modulated by th ...	2012	23071692
detection of neospora caninum in wild carnivorans in great britain.	samples of brain and other tissues were collected from 99 ferrets (mustela furo), 83 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 70 european polecats (mustela putorius), 65 american mink (neovison vison), 64 eurasian badgers (meles meles) and 9 stoats (mustela erminea), from around great britain. dna was extracted from approximately 1g of tissue and tested by specific nested its1 pcr for neospora caninum. the results from the pcr demonstrated that neospora specific dna was detected in all species of wild carnivo ...	2013	23102760
insights into korean red fox (vulpes vulpes) based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence variation in east asia.	the red fox (vulpes vulpes) is the most widely distributed terrestrial carnivore in the world, occurring throughout most of north america, europe, asia, and north africa. in south korea, however, this species has been drastically reduced due to habitat loss and poaching. consequently, it is classified as an endangered species in korea. as a first step of a planned red fox restoration project, preserved red fox museum specimens were used to determine the genetic status of red foxes that had previ ...	2012	23106560
on the move? echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes of saxony-anhalt (germany).	echinococcus multilocularis is a cestode parasites that frequently occurs in the red fox (vulpes vulpes), which is the main definitive host in central europe. the parasite may infect humans as accidental intermediate hosts and cause alveolar echinococcosis. in the german federal state of saxony-anhalt, the occurrence of e. multilocularis in red foxes as a possible source of infection for humans was studied from 1998 to 2010. a significant shift in the geographical centroid of the occurrence of e ...	2014	23134586
molecular characterization of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing escherichia coli isolates from red foxes in portugal.	the presence of broad-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant escherichia coli isolates and the implicated mechanisms of resistance and virulence factor genes were investigated in red fox (vulpes vulpes) in portugal. cefotaxime-resistant e. coli isolates were isolated from two of 52 fecal samples (4 %), being both esbl producers. the β-lactamase genes found in the two isolates were bla(shv-12) + bla(tem-1b). the tet(a) and sul2 genes were also detected in these isolates, together with the non-classical ...	2013	23179656
molecular epidemiology of canine adenovirus type 1 and type 2 in free-ranging red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in italy.	to date, no studies exist regarding the presence of canine adenovirus (cadv) infection in foxes in italy. furthermore, the majority of worldwide investigations regarding the presence of cadv in foxes have been carried out using common serological assays which are unable to differentiate between cadv type 1 and cadv type 2. to assess the presence of viral infection in italian red foxes (vulpes vulpes), thirty-two subjects shot during the regular hunting season in the province of pisa (tuscany, it ...	2013	23201241
functional diversity among seed dispersal kernels generated by carnivorous mammals.	1. knowledge of the spatial scale of the dispersal service provided by important seed dispersers (i.e. common and/or keystone species) is essential to our understanding of their role on plant ecology, ecosystem functioning and, ultimately, biodiversity conservation. 2. carnivores are the main mammalian frugivores and seed dispersers in temperate climate regions. however, information on the seed dispersal distances they generate is still very limited. we focused on two common temperate carnivores ...	2013	23228197
[the melatonin influences on neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio of mammals blood depends on age of animals].	the influence of melatonin on age dynamics of neutrophils and lymphocytes in blood of laboratory rats kept under different light conditions and predatory mammals--farmer silver fox, raccoon dog kept under natural light (nl) was investigated. the decrease of lymphocyte level, increase neutrophils content and alteration of neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio of aged rats (24 months) kept under natural light (nl) and standard light (ld) and adult silver foxes (2-5 years) kept under natural light in compa ...	2012	23289215
trophic enrichment factors for blood serum in the european badger (meles meles).	ecologists undertaking stable isotopic analyses of animal diets require trophic enrichment factors (tefs) for the specific animal tissues that they are studying. such basic data are available for a small number of species, so values from trophically or phylogenetically similar species are often substituted for missing values. by feeding a controlled diet to captive european badgers (meles meles) we determined tefs for carbon and nitrogen in blood serum. tefs for nitrogen and carbon in blood seru ...	2012	23300863
pathology of sarcoptic mange in red foxes (vulpes vulpes): macroscopic and histologic characterization of three disease stages.	sarcoptic mange is a highly contagious skin disease that can have a devastating impact on affected wild mammal populations. there are notable variations in the clinical and pathologic picture of sarcoptic mange among species and among conspecifics. however, the origin of these variations is unclear. we propose a classification scheme for skin lesions associated with sarcoptes scabiei infestation to provide a basis for a subsequent risk factor analysis. we conducted a case-control study focused o ...	2013	23307375
red foxes (vulpes vulpes) bioindicator of lead and copper pollution in sicily (italy).	the aim of this study was to evaluate pb and cu accumulation in muscle and skin samples of red fox (vulpes vulpes) from sicily, for monitoring of environmental metals pollution. metals determination, carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (aas), showed the presence of pb and cu in all samples analyzed. pb concentrations were similar in muscle (0.04±0.009 mg/kg) and skin (0.03±0.004 mg/kg) samples, while cu levels resulted higher in muscle (1.842±0.178 mg/kg) than in skin (1.22±0.151 ...	2013	23313116
high infection rate of zoonotic eucoleus aerophilus infection in foxes from serbia.	the respiratory capillariid nematode eucoleus aerophilus (creplin, 1839) infects wild and domestic carnivores and, occasionally, humans. thus far, a dozen of human infections have been published in the literature but it cannot be ruled out that lung capillariosis is underdiagnosed in human medicine. also, the apparent spreading of e. aerophilus in different geographic areas spurs new studies on the epidemiology of this nematode. after the recognition of the first human case of e. aerophilus infe ...	2013	23340229
prevalence of babesia microti-like infection in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from portugal.	the prevalence of piroplasm (order piroplasmida) infection was assessed in blood and bone marrow samples from 91 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from northern, central and southern portugal by means of molecular methods. pcr for the 18s rrna gene of babesia spp. followed by sequencing revealed 63 foxes positive for the babesia microti-like piroplasm (syn. theileria annae) (69.2%; 95% confidence interval [ci]: 58.7-78.5%) and one fox positive for babesia canis (1.1%; 95% ci: 0.0-6.0%). positivity to th ...	2013	23352108
comparison of metal concentrations in bones of long-living mammals.	the aim of this study was to compare zinc, copper, lead, cadmium, and mercury concentrations in the bones of long-living mammals-humans (homo sapiens) and canidae (dogs canis familiaris and foxes vulpes vulpes) from northwestern poland and to determine the usefulness of canidae as bioindicators of environmental exposure to metals in humans. zinc concentrations in cartilage with adjacent compact bone and in spongy bone were highest in foxes (∼120 mg/kg dry weight (dw)) and lowest in dogs (80 mg/k ...	2013	23377610
molecular evidence of ehrlichia canis and rickettsia massiliae in ixodid ticks of carnivores from south hungary.	to monitor the emergence of thermophilic, mediterranean ixodid tick species and tick-borne pathogens in southern hungary, 348 ticks were collected from shepherd dogs, red foxes and golden jackals during the summer of 2011. golden jackals shared tick species with both the dog and the red fox in the region. dermacentor nymphs were collected exclusively from dogs, and the sequence identification of these ticks indicated that dogs are preferred hosts of both d. reticulatus and d. marginatus nymphs, ...	2013	23439290
a conceptual model for the impact of climate change on fox rabies in alaska, 1980-2010.	the direct and interactive effects of climate change on host species and infectious disease dynamics are likely to initially manifest\ at latitudinal extremes. as such, alaska represents a region in the united states for introspection on climate change and disease. rabies is enzootic among arctic foxes (vulpes lagopus) throughout the northern polar region. in alaska, arctic and red foxes (vulpes vulpes) are reservoirs for rabies, with most domestic animal and wildlife cases reported from norther ...	2014	23452510
trichinella infections in different host species of an endemic district of serbia.	trichinella infections are endemic in the balkan region of europe. though trichinellosis and agents thereof are serious problems for human health and animal husbandry, only a limited number of trichinella isolates from serbia have been identified at the species level so far. the aim of the present study was the surveillance and monitoring of trichinella in domestic pigs and wild animals from the endemic district of branicevo. investigations performed during the 2009-2010 period revealed trichine ...	2013	23453823
does litter size variation affect models of terrestrial carnivore extinction risk and management?	individual variation in both survival and reproduction has the potential to influence extinction risk. especially for rare or threatened species, reliable population models should adequately incorporate demographic uncertainty. here, we focus on an important form of demographic stochasticity: variation in litter sizes. we use terrestrial carnivores as an example taxon, as they are frequently threatened or of economic importance. since data on intraspecific litter size variation are often sparse, ...	2013	23469140
three-dimensional positioning of b chromosomes in fibroblast nuclei of the red fox and the chinese raccoon dog.	great progress has been achieved over the last years in studies on chromosome arrangement in mammalian cell nuclei. growing evidence indicates that the genome's spatial organization is of functional relevance. so far, no attention has been paid to the nuclear organization of b chromosomes (bs). in this study we have examined nuclear positioning of bs in 2 species from the canidae family--the red fox and the chinese raccoon dog. using 2d and 3d fluorescence in situ hybridization and 2 gene-specif ...	2013	23485799
missense polymorphisms in the mc1r gene of the dog, red fox, arctic fox and chinese raccoon dog.	coat colour variation is determined by many genes, one of which is the melanocortin receptor type 1 (mc1r) gene. in this study, we examined the whole coding sequence of this gene in four species belonging to the canidae family (dog, red fox, arctic fox and chinese raccoon dog). although the comparative analysis of the obtained nucleotide sequences revealed a high conservation, which varied between 97.9 and 99.1%, we altogether identified 22 snps (10 in dogs, six in farmed red foxes, two in wild ...	2012	23496014
high prevalence of hepatozoon-infection among shepherd dogs in a region considered to be free of rhipicephalus sanguineus.	blood samples and ticks were collected from 100 shepherd dogs, 12 hunting dogs and 14 stray dogs in southern hungary, in order to screen them for the presence of hepatozoon spp. by pcr. out of 126 blood samples, 33 were positive (26%). significantly more shepherd dogs (31%) were infected, than hunting (8%) and stray dogs (7%). three genotypes of hepatozoon canis were identified by sequencing, differing from each other in up to six nucleotides in the amplified portion of their 18s rrna gene. in d ...	2013	23499483
the who rabies bulletin europe: a key source of information on rabies and a pivotal tool for surveillance and epidemiology.	rabies is one of the most, if not the most, prominent and feared zoonotic diseases in the world and the world health organization (who) estimates that 55,000 people die of the disease every year. most of these deaths occur in asia and africa and are usually the result of dog-mediated rabies. in europe, the red fox is considered the main reservoir species for wildlife rabies caused by the rabies virus. besides foxes, bats have also been identified as a reservoir for european bat lyssaviruses in m ...	2012	23520734
effects of selection for behavior, human approach mode and sex on vocalization in silver fox.	this study presents a first direct comparison of vocal type, call rate and time spent vocalizing among unselected, tame and aggressive strains of silver fox (vulpes vulpes) in three modes of human approach (provoking, approach-retreat, and static). also, it provides a first comparison of male and female vocal output in the provoking test. vocal types were found strain-specific irrespective of the fox sex or the test. males had higher call rates and spent shorter times vocalizing than females. th ...	2012	23525128
snapshot of viral infections in wild carnivores reveals ubiquity of parvovirus and susceptibility of egyptian mongoose to feline panleukopenia virus.	the exposure of wild carnivores to viral pathogens, with emphasis on parvovirus (cpv/fplv), was assessed based on the molecular screening of tissue samples from 128 hunted or accidentally road-killed animals collected in portugal from 2008 to 2011, including egyptian mongoose (herpestes ichneumon, n = 99), red fox (vulpes vulpes, n = 19), stone marten (martes foina, n = 3), common genet (genetta genetta, n = 3) and eurasian badger (meles meles, n = 4). a high prevalence of parvovirus dna (63%) w ...	2013	23527182
morphology of the transverse ligament of the atlas and the alar ligaments in the silver fox (vulpes vulpes var).	recent new anatomical and histological features of craniocervical junction in dogs and cats were described providing evidence of differences between the carnivore species. no information on these structures in foxes exists.	2013	23557095
natural infection of synathropic rodent species mus musculus and rattus norvegicus by leishmania infantum in sesimbra and sintra--portugal.	canine leishmaniosis caused by leishmania infantum is a parasitic zoonotic disease transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies (diptera: psychodidae). genus phlebotomus is the biological vector in the old world and lutzomyia in the new world. the dog is the domestic reservoir host but other animals like the fox (vulpes vulpes) and rodents are known to maintain the infection in both sylvatic and domestic cycles.	2013	23566789
fecal shedding of toxocara canis and other parasites in foxes and coyotes on prince edward island, canada.	knowledge of parasites shed by wild canids can assist in recognizing risk to human and domestic animal health. our aim was to estimate the prevalence of patent infections with toxocara canis and other parasites in foxes (vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (canis latrans) in prince edward island, canada. identification of parasite species was based on microscopic examination of feces, with the use of a sucrose fecal flotation method. sample collection was performed in winter on carcasses of 271 and 185 h ...	2013	23568915
first report of thelazia callipaeda in wildlife from spain.	we describe the first cases of infection by the nematode, thelazia callipaeda (spirurida, thelaziidae) haplotype 1 in two red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in spain and discuss the potential role of red foxes as a reservoir for t. callipaeda.	2013	23568929
responses of a top and a meso predator and their prey to moon phases.	we compared movement patterns and rhythms of activity of a top predator, the iberian lynx lynx pardinus, a mesopredator, the red fox vulpes vulpes, and their shared principal prey, the rabbit oryctolagus cuniculus, in relation to moon phases. because the three species are mostly nocturnal and crepuscular, we hypothesized that the shared prey would reduce its activity at most risky moon phases (i.e. during the brightest nights), but that fox, an intraguild prey of lynx, would avoid lynx activity ...	2013	23579570
stress triangle: do introduced predators exert indirect costs on native predators and prey?	non-consumptive effects of predators on each other and on prey populations often exceed the effects of direct predation. these effects can arise from fear responses elevating glucocorticoid (gc) hormone levels (predator stress hypothesis) or from increased vigilance that reduces foraging efficiency and body condition (predator sensitive foraging hypothesis); both responses can lead to immunosuppression and increased parasite loads. non-consumptive effects of invasive predators have been little s ...	2013	23585861
identification of multiple novel viruses, including a parvovirus and a hepevirus, in feces of red foxes.	red foxes (vulpes vulpes) are the most widespread members of the order of carnivora. since they often live in (peri)urban areas, they are a potential reservoir of viruses that transmit from wildlife to humans or domestic animals. here we evaluated the fecal viral microbiome of 13 red foxes by random pcr in combination with next-generation sequencing. various novel viruses, including a parvovirus, bocavirus, adeno-associated virus, hepevirus, astroviruses, and picobirnaviruses, were identified.	2013	23616657
rabies and canine distemper virus epidemics in the red fox population of northern italy (2006-2010).	since 2006 the red fox (vulpes vulpes) population in north-eastern italy has experienced an epidemic of canine distemper virus (cdv). additionally, in 2008, after a thirteen-year absence from italy, fox rabies was re-introduced in the udine province at the national border with slovenia. disease intervention strategies are being developed and implemented to control rabies in this area and minimise risk to human health. here we present empirical data and the epidemiological picture relating to the ...	2013	23630599
fox baiting against echinococcus multilocularis: contrasted achievements among two medium size cities.	in europe, most cities are currently colonized by red foxes (vulpes vulpes), which are considered to be the main definitive host of the zoonotic cestode echinococcus multilocularis. the risk of transmission to humans is of particular concern where high fox populations overlap with high human populations. the distribution of baits containing praziquantel has successfully reduced the infection pressure in rural areas and in small plots within large cities. the purpose of this study was to assess i ...	2013	23642656
complete genome sequences of four virulent rabies virus strains isolated from rabid animals in russia.	rabies virus (rabv) strains rus(lipetsk)-8052f, rus(lipetsk)-8053c, rus(lipetsk)-8054f, and rus(lipetsk)-8057f were isolated from foxes (vulpes vulpes) and a cat (felis catus) in the lipetsk region of russia in 2011. close relationships between these strains and the members of the "cosmopolitan" group from russia (98% homology) and from europe (95% homology) were estimated.	2013	23661472
genetic epidemiology of sarcoptes scabiei in the iberian wolf in asturias, spain.	during the last decades, attempts have been made to understand the molecular epidemiology of sarcoptes scabiei, and to detect and clarify the differences between isolates from different hosts and geographic regions. two main phenomena have been described: (i) host-taxon derived-sarcoptes mite infection in european wild animals (revealing the presence of three separate clusters, namely herbivore-, carnivore- and omnivore-derived sarcoptes populations in europe) and (ii) prey-to-predator sarcoptes ...	2013	23664709
first report of trichinella pseudospiralis in poland, in red foxes (vulpes vulpes).	nematode worms of the genus trichinella are one of the most widespread zoonotic pathogens. natural transmission between hosts can only occur through the ingestion of infected meat. to date, two trichinella species are known to be etiological agents of disease among domestic animals and wildlife in poland: t. spiralis and t. britovi. in the last decades, since the administration of an oral vaccination against rabies, the red fox population in poland has increased exponentially. the study area cov ...	2013	23666649