Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| effects of redox cycling compounds on dt diaphorase activity in the liver of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | background: dt diaphorase (dtd; nad(p)h:quinone oxidoreductase; ec 1.6.99.2) catalyses the two electron reduction of quinones, thus preventing redox cycling and consequently quinone dependent production of reactive oxygen species. in rat and mouse, a wide range of chemicals including polyaromatic hydrocarbons, azo dyes and quinones induces dtd. bifunctional compounds, such as beta-naphthoflavone (beta-nf) and benzo(a)pyrene (b(a)p), induce dtd together with cyp1a and phase ii enzymes by a mechan ... | 2005 | 15871734 |
| characterization of na, k-atpase genes in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and comparative genomic organization with rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a combination of molecular and in silico approaches was employed to assemble a survey of na, k-atpase genes contained in the ancestrally tetraploid genome of the atlantic salmon (salmo salar). molecular characterization of genomic clones coding for the alpha subunit revealed two single genes (alpha1a and alpha2) and two pairs of presumably homeologous genes (alpha1b/i-ii and alpha1c/i-ii). each of the six genes showed high sequence similarity to isoforms previously isolated from rainbow trout an ... | 2005 | 15883826 |
| mixtures of estrogenic contaminants in bile of fish exposed to wastewater treatment works effluents. | most effluents from wastewater treatment works (wwtws) contain estrogenic chemicals that include steroidal estrogens and xenoestrogens. we investigated the nature of mixtures of estrogenic contaminants taken up by two species of fish exposed to two wwtws effluents. sexually immature rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and sexually mature roach, rutilus rutilus, were exposed to tap water, river water, or one of two estrogenic wwtws effluents for up to 10 days, when the fish were sacrificed and ti ... | 2005 | 15884336 |
| influence of rearing conditions on flavobacterium columnare infection of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | the influence of rearing conditions on flavobacterium columnare infection of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), was studied experimentally in the laboratory and at a fish farm. in experiment i, the effect of parasitic infection on columnaris disease was studied using f. columnare carrier fish. the fish were exposed to diplostomum spathaceum cercariae and a set of other stressors in order to induce clinical columnaris infection. parasitic infection and other stressors failed to induce ... | 2005 | 15892752 |
| sex and low-level sampling stress modify the impacts of sewage effluent on the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immune system. | the objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of chronic exposure to municipal sewage treatment effluent at environmentally relevant concentrations on immune parameters in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), including the assessment of potential differences in reactivity between sexually mature male and female fish. trout were exposed to 1.5 and 15% (v/v) secondary treated municipal sewage effluent for 32 weeks. fish were injected intra-peritoneally either with inactivated ... | 2005 | 15892994 |
| effects of low molecular weight plasma inhibitors of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) on human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase-ii isozyme activity in vitro and rat erythrocytes in vivo. | the effects of low molecular weight plasma inhibitors from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) (rt) were investigated on the carbonic anhydrase enzyme (ca) activities in in vitro human and in in vivo sprague-dawley rat erythrocytes. the rt blood was used as extracellular fluid (plasma) source and plasma inhibitors were obtained by dialysis of the plasma. for the in vitro study, human carbonic anhydrase-ii (hca-ii) isozyme was obtained by sepharose 4b-l-tyrosine-sulfanylamide affinity chromatogra ... | 2005 | 15895682 |
| early interactions of flavobacterium psychrophilum with macrophages of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the early interactions of a low and a highly virulent flavobacterium psychrophilum strain with head kidney and spleen macrophages of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were characterized. the highly virulent strain was killed 5.8 to 11 times less frequently than the low virulent strain. the head kidney macrophages showed a microbicidal activity approximately twice as high as that of the spleen macrophages. a 2- to 3-fold higher production of reactive oxygen species (ros) was induced by the highly ... | 2005 | 15900684 |
| the role of myostatin and the calcineurin-signalling pathway in regulating muscle mass in response to exercise training in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum. | rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum were exercised at 0.8 and 1.6 body lengths s(-1) for 18 h a day over a 30 day period. exercise resulted in a 24-30% increase in the average cross-sectional area of fast muscle fibres relative to tank-rested controls. the concentrations of growth factors and transcription factors hypothesised to play a role in regulating exercise-induced muscle fibre hypertrophy were measured. exercise training resulted in a minor increase in calcineurin localisation in t ... | 2005 | 15914652 |
| spatial and temporal variations in sea lice (copepoda: caligidae) infestations of three salmonid species farmed in net pens in southern chile. | sea lice infestations have become a major health problem for farmed salmonids throughout the world including chile. in southern chile, 6 geographical areas, divided into 22 geographical zones with a total of 127 salmon farming centers and 1519 sea pens, were regularly sampled from december 1999 to april 2002. a linear mixed-effects model (lme) approach was used to describe the infestations of adult forms of sea lice on 3 salmonid species farmed in southern chile. the variables fish species, wate ... | 2005 | 15918480 |
| effect of fasting on thyroid hormone levels, and tr(alpha) and tr(beta) mrna accumulation in late-stage embryo and juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the accumulation of mrna encoding for hepatic and intestinal t3-receptor (tr) and body and liver masses were measured in fed and 3-week fasted juvenile and swim up stage rainbow trout embryos. plasma and total body thyroid hormone (th) levels were measured for juvenile and swim up stages, respectively. fasted juveniles exhibited a lower hepatosomatic index (hsi), liver mass and plasma t4 and t3 concentrations than fed animals, but there were no changes in body mass or the accumulation of mrna en ... | 2005 | 15936705 |
| nitric oxide and the control of catecholamine secretion in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | an in situ saline-perfused posterior cardinal vein preparation was used to assess the role of nitric oxide (no) in the regulation of basal and stimulus-evoked catecholamine secretion from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss chromaffin cells. addition of the no donor, sodium nitroprusside (snp) to the inflowing perfusate abolished catecholamine secretion during electrical field stimulation, thereby establishing the potential for no to act as a potent inhibitor of catecholamine release. a possible r ... | 2005 | 15939781 |
| bacterial vaccines for fish--an update of the current situation worldwide. | during the last few years, the use of vaccines for disease prevention in aquaculture has expanded both with regard to the number of fish species and number of microbial diseases. according to the responses to a questionnaire received from 41 countries, vaccination is used in the commercial aquaculture of species like atlantic salmon (salmo salar), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax), sea bream (sparus aurata), barramundi (lates calcarifer), tilapia (tilapia spp), ... | 2005 | 15962470 |
| vaccination strategies to prevent emerging diseases for spanish aquaculture. | in recent years, three serious diseases have emerged in spanish aquaculture. these are lactococcosis caused by lactococcus garvieae, which is of economical importance in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss); pseudomonadiasis caused by pseudomonas anguilliseptica which affects gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) and turbot (scophthalmus maximus); and flexibacteriosis caused by tenacibaculum maritimum which became a devastating problem in the emerging culture of sole (solea spp). to obtain useful inf ... | 2005 | 15962472 |
| development of a subunit vaccine for infectious pancreatic necrosis virus using a baculovirus insect/larvae system. | various attempts to develop a vaccine against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) have not yielded consistent results. thus, at present, no commercial vaccine is available that can be used with confidence to immunize fry of salmon and trout. we generated a cdna clone of the large genome segment a of an ipnv sp strain and expressed all structural protein genes in insect cells and larvae using a baculovirus expression system. green fluorescent protein was also coexpressed as a reporter mol ... | 2005 | 15962479 |
| multiple and highly divergent il-11 genes in teleost fish. | interleukin-11 (il-11) is a key cytokine in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors and is also involved in bone formation, adipogenesis, and protection of mucosal epithelia. despite this prominent role in diverse physiological processes, il-11 has been described in only four mammalian species, and recently, in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). here we report the presence of il-11 in common carp (cyprinus carpio), a bony fish species related to zebrafi ... | 2005 | 16003467 |
| review of the sequential development of loma salmonae (microsporidia) based on experimental infections of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and chinook salmon (o. tshawytscha). | loma salmonae is a common gill parasite of salmonids, and essentially all species in the genus oncorhynchus are susceptible. infections occur in both fresh and salt water. loma salmonae is directly transmissible by ingestion of spores or infected tissue. the parasite infects the wall of blood vessels of various organs, but the gill is the primary site of infection. initial infection occurs in the intestine, and xenomas are easily detected in the gills by standard histology at 4-6 wk post-exposur ... | 2005 | 16004365 |
| the expression of immune-regulatory genes in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, during amoebic gill disease (agd). | amoebic gill disease (agd) is an ectoparasitic disease caused by infection with the protozoan neoparamoeba sp. and is characterised by epithelial hyperplasia that manifests as gill lesions. in order to examine the nature of the immune response to agd, the expression of a range of immune-regulatory genes was examined in naïve uninfected rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and naïve rainbow trout subjected to a laboratory-induced agd infection. the immune-regulatory genes examined were interleukin ... | 2006 | 16006146 |
| an in vitro system for the long-term tissue culture of juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) testis. | in vitro cultivation of fish gonad fragments continues to be an important experimental approach to answer both fundamental and applied scientific questions. the aim of the present investigation was to test whether juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) testes cultured for a week or more were physiologically competent. trout testis fragments (approximately 1 mm2) were placed on pieces of flat, culture plate insert filter, in a drop of liquid medium (modified leibovitz's l-15), and floated o ... | 2005 | 16013044 |
| oceanobacillus oncorhynchi sp. nov., a halotolerant obligate alkaliphile isolated from the skin of a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and emended description of the genus oceanobacillus. | a halotolerant, obligately alkaliphilic bacterium, r-2(t), was isolated from the skin of a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), a freshwater fish. the strain is gram-positive, ferments several carbohydrates, is rod-shaped and motile by peritrichous flagella and produces ellipsoidal spores. the isolate grows at ph 9-10 but not at ph 7-8. this micro-organism grows in 0-22% (w/v) nacl at ph 10. its major cellular fatty acids are iso-c(15:0), anteiso-c(15:0) and anteiso-c(17:0), the major isoprenoid ... | 2005 | 16014475 |
| a newly identified cpg oligodeoxynucleotide motif that stimulates rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immune cells to produce immunomodulatory factors. | bacterial dna and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) that contain unmethylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (cpgs) have been shown to have immunostimulatory effects on b cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells in mammals. however, little is known of the cellular basis of cpg immunostimulation in fish. we have addressed this question in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. prokaryotic dna (from escherichia coli), but not eukaryotic dna (from calf), caused proliferation of spleen a ... | 2006 | 16023206 |
| comparative evaluation of the alkaline comet assay with the micronucleus test for genotoxicity monitoring using aquatic organisms. | a comparative analysis between the in vivo comet assay and the in vivo micronucleus test (mnt) was carried out in three aquatic organisms suitable for genotoxicity monitoring, carp (cyprinus carpio), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and clam (spisula sachalinensis), using a direct-acting mutagen, n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng), and an indirect mutagen, benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p). by optimizing the conditions for cell isolation, gill and liver (or digestive glands) were selected as t ... | 2006 | 16026836 |
| identification of a novel cathelicidin gene in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | we report the cloning of a novel antimicrobial peptide gene, termed rtcath_1, found in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. the predicted 216-residue rtcath_1 prepropeptide consists of three domains: a 22-residue signal peptide, a 128-residue cathelin-like region containing two identifiable cathelicidin family signatures, and a predicted 66-residue c-terminal cationic antimicrobial peptide. this predicted mature peptide was unique in possessing features of different known (mammalian) cathelic ... | 2005 | 16041021 |
| treatment of columnaris disease of rainbow trout: low ph and salt as possible tools? | the impact of salt and low ph on columnaris disease of fish was studied. survival of flavobacterium columnare after exposure to either 4% nacl (ph 7.2) or ph 5.0, ph 4.86 or ph 4.6 for 15 min or 1 h was studied in vitro. all conditions significantly reduced the numbers of viable bacterial cells. the effects of salt (4 and 2%) and acidic baths (ph 4.6) were studied in 2 experiments in vivo with rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss infected with f. columnare. both salt and acidic baths failed to prev ... | 2005 | 16060264 |
| identification and bioactivities of ifn-gamma in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss: the first th1-type cytokine characterized functionally in fish. | ifn-gamma is one of the key cytokines in defining th1 immune responses. in this study, an ifn-gamma homologue has been identified in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, and its biological activities have been characterized. the trout ifn-gamma cdna is 1034 bp in length and translates into a 180-aa protein. the first intron of the trout ifn-gamma gene contains highly polymorphic gaca minisatellites and 44-bp dna repeats, giving rise to at least six alleles. ifn-gamma is structurally conserved amon ... | 2005 | 16081820 |
| characterization of toll-like receptor 3 gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | antiviral immunity in fish is not well understood. in mammals, toll-like receptor (tlr) 3 is involved in double-stranded rna recognition and host immune response activation. here, we report the first identification of a rainbow trout tlr3 ortholog (rttlr3), its genomic structure, and mrna regulation. six exons and five introns were identified from bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) and expressed sequence tag (est) sequencing, and this genomic organization is similar to mammalian and fish tlr3 ... | 2005 | 16086174 |
| cardiovascular responses of three salmonid species affected with amoebic gill disease (agd). | the cardiovascular effects of amoebic gill disease (agd) were investigated immediately following surgery in three salmonid species; atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), brown trout (salmo trutta l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). fish, both naïve (control) and infected (agd-affected) of each species, were fitted with dorsal aorta catheters and cardiac flow probes. cardiac output and dorsal aortic pressures were then continuously measured over a 6-h period following surgery. result ... | 2005 | 16088392 |
| estrogenic effects of environmental chemicals: an interspecies comparison. | the development of various in vitro screening methods has led to identification of novel estrogenic chemicals of natural and anthropogenic origin. in this study, the (anti)estrogenic potential of several environmental chemicals were compared in an array of in vitro test systems comprising: (i) competitive binding to estrogen receptors derived from the human breast cancer cell line mcf-7 (her) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) (rter), (ii) a proliferation assay with mcf-7 cells (e-screen), ... | 2005 | 16099220 |
| pathogenicity of vibrios to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) and artemia nauplii. | the taxonomy of marine vibrios has changed rapidly over the last two decades, and a wealth of new species have been identified. many vibrio species are pathogenic to fish and crustaceans; however, little is known about the virulence of many of the novel species. the purpose of this study was to determine the ability of various recent isolates of vibrios to cause disease in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) and crustacea, i.e. artemia nauplii. of 56 isolates, representing 26 species of ... | 2005 | 16104871 |
| toxicity of alpha-, beta-, (alpha + beta)-endosulfan and their formulated and degradation products to daphnia magna, hyalella azteca, oncorhynchus mykiss, oncorhynchus kisutch, and biological implications in streams. | the static acute toxicities of alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan, (alpha + beta)-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate (their transformation product), and formulated materials were determined for a representative freshwater amphipod (hyalella azteca), cladoceran (daphnia magna), and salmonid fish (oncorhynchus mykiss). acute lethality tests also were conducted on these organisms and coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch) by exposing them to simulated field water endosulfan concentrations, using either a si ... | 2005 | 16110993 |
| short-term exposures of fish to perfluorooctane sulfonate: acute effects on fatty acyl-coa oxidase activity, oxidative stress, and circulating sex steroids. | this study investigated the effects of exposure to waterborne perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) on oxidative stress and reproductive endpoints in fish. exposures utilized species commonly used in toxicological testing, including the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), as well as relatively insensitive taxa such as creek chub (semotilus atromaculatus), spottail shiner (notropis hudsonius), and white sucker (catostomus commersoni). in all fish species, shor ... | 2005 | 16110997 |
| bioavailability models for predicting acute and chronic toxicity of zinc to algae, daphnids, and fish in natural surface waters. | bioavailability models predicting acute and/or chronic zinc toxicity to a green alga (pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), a crustacean (daphnia magna), and a fish (oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated in a series of experiments with spiked natural surface waters. the eight selected freshwater samples had varying levels of bioavailability modifying parameters: ph (5.7-8.4), dissolved organic carbon (doc, 2.48-22.9 mg/l), ca (1.5-80 mg/l), mg (0.79-18 mg/l), and na (3.8-120 mg/l). in those waters, ch ... | 2005 | 16110999 |
| four novel hemolysin genes of vibrio anguillarum and their virulence to rainbow trout. | four nucleotide sequences showing homology to known hemolysin genes were cloned and sequenced from v. anguillarum strain h775-3. the four genes, vah2, vah3, vah4 and vah5, have open reading frames encoding polypeptides of 291, 690, 200 and 585 amino acid residues, respectively, with predicted molecular masses of 33, 75, 22 and 66kda, respectively. vah2 is most closely related to a putative hemolysin of vibrio vulnificus yj016 (89% identity). vah3 is most closely related to a hemolysin-related pr ... | 2005 | 16126365 |
| comparison of individual and pooled sampling methods for detecting bacterial pathogens of fish. | examination of finfish populations for viral and bacterial pathogens is an important component of fish disease control programs worldwide. two methods are commonly used for collecting tissue samples for bacteriological culture, the currently accepted standards for detection of bacterial fish pathogens. the method specified in the office international des epizooties manual of diagnostic tests for aquatic animals permits combining renal and splenic tissues from as many as 5 fish into pooled sample ... | 2005 | 16130986 |
| analysis of cyp4501a1, pahs metabolites in bile, and genotoxic damage in oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to biobío river sediments, central chile. | the responses of cytochrome p4501a1 in the liver, the appearance of fluorescent metabolites in bile, and genotoxic damage in erythrocytes were studied in oncorhynchus mykiss exposed under laboratory conditions to sediments taken from the biobio river, central chile. samples were taken at four sampling sites in the biobio river, following a pollution gradient from the discharge, where stations 2 and 3 are impacted by a petrochemical industrial discharge effluent. chemical analysis indicates polyc ... | 2006 | 16137764 |
| plasma proteomic analysis of the acute phase response of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to intraperitoneal inflammation and lps injection. | few acute phase proteins are known in fish and better knowledge of them would provide a basis for more reliable methods to objectively assess fish health and welfare. an acute phase response was induced in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) by inflammation triggered by intraperitoneal administration of purified aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide emulsified in freund's incomplete adjuvant (lps/fia) or a commercial oil-based multivalent vaccine. acute phase proteins were characteri ... | 2006 | 16139357 |
| mechanoreceptive and nociceptive responses in the central nervous system of goldfish (carassius auratus) and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | nociceptive responses to a repetitive pin-prod stimulus in goldfish and trout were assessed. single unit recordings were taken from the spinal cord, cerebellum, tectum, and telencephalon. neuronal responses were elicited in all these regions of the central nervous system in both species of fish during brush (mechanoceptive) and pin-prod (nociceptive) stimuli. in addition, in trout, a heated prod stimulus was used. mechanoreceptive and nociceptive neuronal responses to various stimuli were elicit ... | 2005 | 16139775 |
| use of a rainbow trout oligonucleotide microarray to determine transcriptional patterns in aflatoxin b1-induced hepatocellular carcinoma compared to adjacent liver. | hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and its occurrence is associated with a number of environmental factors including ingestion of the dietary contaminant aflatoxin b(1) (afb(1)). research over the last 40 years has revealed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to be an excellent research model for study of afb(1)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis; however, little is known about changes at the molecular level in trout tumors. we have developed a rainbow ... | 2005 | 16141433 |
| gene duplication of the seventh component of complement in rainbow trout. | the seventh component of complement is a single-chain plasma glycoprotein that is involved in the cytolytic phase of complement activation through a sequence of polymerization reactions with other terminal components. we have previously isolated and characterized a c7 gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). here, we report the cloning of a second trout c7 gene (c7-2). the deduced amino acid sequence of the c7-2 gene exhibits 43 and 50% identity with human c7 and trout c7-1, respectively. th ... | 2005 | 16142474 |
| isolation of vagococcus salmoninarum in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), broodstocks: characterization of the pathogen. | coldwater 'streptococcosis', caused by vagococcus salmoninarum, is an emerging disease of rainbow trout in the european union, causing mortality rates up to 50% in broodstock during the spawning period, with water temperature of 10-12 degrees c. a study to determine the presence and role of this bacterium was undertaken using classical bacteriological techniques confirmed with polymerase chain reaction. this is the first report of isolation of v salmoninarum in relation to outbreaks of mortality ... | 2005 | 16142604 |
| identification and expression of a host-recognized antigen, fspa, from flavobacterium psychrophilum. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the aetiological agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome, an economically important disease of immature salmonid fish for which there is no vaccine. convalescent serum from the host, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), reacted strongly with a approximately 20 kda, flavobacterium-specific protein antigen (subsequently named fspa) from f. psychrophilum. protein-enriched, detergent-partitioned samples were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the protein ... | 2005 | 16151223 |
| development of tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa: malacosporea) in bryozoan hosts (as examined by light microscopy) and quantitation of infective dose to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the myxozoan parasite tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (pkd), a highly damaging disease of cultured salmonid fish. within this study, phylactolaemate bryozoans were collected from a river known to be endemic for pkd and subsequently cultured in the laboratory. sequential developmental stages of t. bryosalmonae were studied by light microscopy within the living bryozoan colonies, allowing the identification of stages attached to host peritoneum, ... | 2006 | 16154706 |
| isolation of the salmonid rhamnose-binding lectin stl2 from spores of the microsporidian fish parasite loma salmonae. | the microsporidian parasite, loma salmonae, is the causative agent of gill disease in both wild and netpen-reared salmonids worldwide. in this paper we report the finding of a rhamnose-binding lectin from steelhead trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, which was found bound in high concentration to the surface coat of l. salmonae spores. sds-page, immunoblot, n-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometric analyses were used to determine that the dominant 24 kda protein lectin observed on sds-page analysis o ... | 2005 | 16159363 |
| the gamma subunit of the eighth complement component (c8) in rainbow trout. | of the 35 proteins, enzymes, receptors and regulatory components of the complement system, c8gamma is unique in that it is the only lipocalin. c8gamma is a subunit of the c8 molecule, which is one of the five components (c5b, c6, c7, c8 and c9) that interact as a consequence of complement activation to form the membrane attack complex. until now, c8gamma has been characterized only in mammalian species. in order to elucidate the phylogeny of this molecule, we have cloned the c8gamma subunit in r ... | 2006 | 16169077 |
| temperature and ca2+ dependence of [3h]ryanodine binding in the burbot (lota lota l.) heart. | opening and closing of the cardiac ryanodine (ry) receptor (ryr) are coordinated by the free intracellular ca2+ concentration, thus making the ca2+ binding properties of the ryr important for excitation-contraction coupling. unlike mammalian cardiac ryrs, which lose their normal function at low temperatures, ryrs of ectothermic vertebrates remain operative at 2-4 degrees c, as indicated by ry sensitivity of contractile force. to investigate the mechanisms of low temperature adaptation of ectothe ... | 2006 | 16179490 |
| a teleost in vitro reporter gene assay to screen for agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. | several contaminants detected in aquatic ecosystems are agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (ppars). peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors interact with the retinoid x receptor (rxr) to activate the transcription of genes that control a variety of physiological functions. we cloned and sequenced partial cdna fragments of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) pparalpha and pparbeta from rainbow trout (rt) gill-w1 cells, a cell line derived from rainbow trout gills; predict ... | 2005 | 16193754 |
| validation of the narcosis target lipid model for petroleum products: gasoline as a case study. | the narcosis target lipid model (ntlm) was used to predict the toxicity of water-accommodated fractions (wafs) of six gasoline blending streams to algae (pseudokirchnereilla subcapitata, formerly selenastrum capricornutum), juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and water flea (daphnia magna). gasolines are comprised of hydrocarbons that on dissolution into the aqueous phase are expected to act via narcosis. aquatic toxicity data were obtained using a lethal-loading test in which wafs wer ... | 2005 | 16193769 |
| evolution of hox clusters in salmonidae: a comparative analysis between atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | we studied the genomic organization of hox genes in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and made comparisons to that in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), another member of the family salmonidae. we used these two species to test the hypothesis that the hox genes would provide evidence for a fourth round of duplication (4r) of this gene family given the recent polyploid ancestry of the salmonid fish. thirteen putative hox clusters were identified and 10 of these complexes were localized to the curre ... | 2005 | 16205980 |
| characterisation of carbohydrate-binding sites in developmental stages of myxobolus cerebralis. | glycans and lectins (carbohydrate-binding molecules) form a mutual recognition system, which enables parasitic organisms to attach themselves to the host cells and/or take part in the migration of their developmental stages into the target tissue. the aim of the present study was to identify and characterise the potential binding activity of glycoconjugates in different developmental stages of myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease in salmonids. the binding patterns of 13 ... | 2005 | 16211413 |
| a cdna for a putative type iii deiodinase in the trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): influence of holding conditions and thyroid hormone treatment on its hepatic expression. | a putative rainbow trout type iii deiodinase (d3) cdna was amplified by pcr, using primers to evolutionarily conserved sequences. the race-derived complete cdna was then identified by sequence comparison to that in tilapia and other vertebrates. the cdna coded for a predicted 31,500 kda protein of 278 amino acids, with a hydrophobic trans-membrane segment and with 80% similarity to tilapia d3 and 39% similarity to rainbow trout type ii deiodinase (d2). it also showed a selenocysteine codon at po ... | 2006 | 16214142 |
| endothelin receptors in teleost fishes: cardiovascular effects and branchial distribution. | by observing gill blood flow using epi-illuminating microscopy, in parallel with cardiovascular recordings and immunohistochemistry, we have tried to identify the receptor mediating endothelin (et) type 1 (et1)-induced pillar cell contraction in the lamellae of the atlantic cod (gadus morhua). intra-arterial injection of the specific et(b) receptor agonist bq-3020 induced dose-dependent increases in ventral aortic blood pressure, gill vascular resistance, and pillar cell area (indicating contrac ... | 2006 | 16223845 |
| new subtype of salmonid alphavirus (sav), togaviridae, from atlantic salmon salmo salar and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in norway. | in europe, 2 closely related alphaviruses (togaviridae) are regarded as the causative agents of sleeping disease (sd) and salmon pancreas disease (spd): sd virus (sdv) has been isolated from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in france and the uk, while spd virus (spdv) has been isolated from salmon salmo salar in ireland and the uk. farmed salmonids in western norway also suffer from a disease called pancreas disease (pd), and this disease is also believed to be caused by an alphavirus. however, ... | 2005 | 16231636 |
| transcriptional analysis of lps-stimulated activation of trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) monocyte/macrophage cells in primary culture treated with cortisol. | primary immune responses to pathogen invasion are mediated by the innate immune system in which tissue macrophages play a key role. during infectious processes glucocorticoids generally may function to dampen inflammatory responses. in this study, the ability of cortisol to directly modulate the transcriptional response of rainbow trout macrophages to the cellular activator lipopolysaccharide (lps) was investigated. the results indicate that cortisol significantly inhibits the well-described lps ... | 2006 | 16239032 |
| oxygen delivery to the fish eye: root effect as crucial factor for elevated retinal po2. | although the retina has one of the highest metabolic rates among tissues, certain teleost fishes lack any vascular supply to this organ which, in combination with the overall thickness of the organ, results in extremely long diffusion distances. as the only way to compensate for these obstacles, oxygen partial pressure (po2) in the eyes of such fish is elevated far above atmospheric values. although not supported by any direct evidence, the enhancement of po2 is considered to be related to the r ... | 2005 | 16244163 |
| food-deprivation induces hsp70 and hsp90 protein expression in larval gilthead sea bream and rainbow trout. | heat shock proteins (hsps) expression is commonly used as indicators of cellular stress in animals. however, very little is known about either the expression patterns of hsps or their role in the stress-tolerance phenomenon in early life stages of fish. to this end, we examined the impact of food-deprivation (12 h), reduced oxygen levels (3.5 mg/l for 1 h) and heat shock (hs: +5 degrees c for 1 h) on hsp70 and hsp90 protein expression in early life stages of the gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata ... | 2005 | 16257553 |
| use of sequence data from rainbow trout and atlantic salmon for snp detection in pacific salmon. | single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are a class of genetic markers that are well suited to a broad range of research and management applications. although advances in genotyping chemistries and analysis methods continue to increase the potential advantages of using snps to address molecular ecological questions, the scarcity of available dna sequence data for most species has limited marker development. as the number and diversity of species being targeted for large-scale sequencing has incre ... | 2005 | 16262869 |
| a complement receptor for opsonized immune complexes on erythrocytes from oncorhynchus mykiss but not ictalarus punctatus. | immune complexes activate the classical pathway of complement resulting in the covalent deposition of fragments of the third (c3b) and fourth (c4b) components of complement, thus opsonizing the complexes for uptake by cd35 found on human erythrocytes. the complexes are then transported to and cleared from the circulation by the reticuloendothelial system. it has been shown that rainbow trout can remove immune complexes from the circulation in a complement-dependent manner similar to that found i ... | 2006 | 16271392 |
| effect of hot-smoked rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) diets on the protein levels of liver tissue in rats. | free radicals may not only affect the denatured cell structure but also reduce protein levels. these mechanisms are critical and need to be clarified as a high priority. because of the limited information on this subject, in this respect, the effects on protein levels of liver tissue in rats fed hot-smoked rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. | 2006 | 16272812 |
| the in vitro effects of some pesticides on carbonic anhydrase activity of oncorhynchus mykiss and cyprinus carpio carpio fish. | systemic carbonic anhydrase (ca) inhibitors are among the most powerful agents to lower intraocular pressure. unfortunately, their use is frequently accompanied by undesired side effects. some are due to the relatively large amounts of drug that have to be systematically administered to inhibit the ca in the ciliary processes. the aim of the present work was to study in vitro effects of some pesticides on ca enzyme obtained from blood of fish, which play a key role in salt- and osmoregulation an ... | 2006 | 16298474 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) brain cells biosynthesize novel docosahexaenoic acid-derived resolvins and protectins-mediator lipidomic analysis. | docosahexaenoic acid (dha; c22:6 n-3) is an abundant fatty acid in fish phospholipids. in the present study, we employed liquid chromatography-ultraviolet spectrometry-tandem mass spectrometry and dissociated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) brain cells to determine whether fish utilize endogenous dha to produce the recently uncovered novel lipid mediators termed the resolvins and protectins, generated by mammalian cells [serhan cn, hong s, gronert k, et al. resolvins: a family of bioactive p ... | 2005 | 16303609 |
| microcystin-lr induced cellular effects in mammalian and fish primary hepatocyte cultures and cell lines: a comparative study. | the impact of microcystin-lr, one of the most common cyanobacterial toxins, on liver and gut cells originating from mammals and fish was compared. upon exposure of human and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cell lines up to 2.5 microm microcystin-lr, no alteration in cell viability was observed as assessed with three fluorescent indicators dyes, cfda-am, alamar blue and neutral red. the lack of sensitivity of the trout cell lines coincided with an absence of detectable mrna levels of organic ... | 2006 | 16314021 |
| evidence for hox gene duplication in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): a tetraploid model species. | we examined the genomic organization of hox genes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), a tetraploid teleost derivative species, in order to test models of presumptive genomic duplications during vertebrate evolution. thirteen putative clusters were localized in the current rainbow trout genetic map; however, analysis of the sequence data suggests the presence of at least 14 hox clusters. many duplicated genes appear to have been retained in the genome and share a high percentage of amino acid ... | 2005 | 16315109 |
| metal-ion-mediated oxidative stress in the gill homogenate of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): antioxidant potential of manganese, selenium, and albumin. | human activities play a major role in toxic and carcinogenic metal pollution of the environment. this study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of copper and mercury at the 400- to 1000-microm concentration range on some biochemical markers of oxidative stress, such as lipid peroxidation (lpo), glutathione-s-transferase (gst) activity, and reduced glutathione (gsh) content in the rainbow trout gill homogenates with or without supplementation of manganese, selenium, and bovine serum albumin (b ... | 2005 | 16327069 |
| use of a probiotic to control lactococcosis and streptococcosis in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | from a comparison of 125 bacterial isolates recovered from the digestive tract of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and carp, cyprinus sp., a culture was obtained which was effective at preventing clinical disease caused by lactococcus garvieae and streptococcus iniae when used as a feed additive. the culture, aeromonas sobria gc2, was incorporated into the feed and fed to rainbow trout (average weight = 20 g) for 14 days at a dose equivalent to 5 x 10(7) cells g(-1) of feed. whereas the untre ... | 2005 | 16336470 |
| changes in the neuromodulators of the diffuse endocrine system of the alimentary canal of farmed rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), naturally infected with eubothrium crassum (cestoda). | a histopathological and immunohistochemical study on the intestines of 45 specimens of farmed rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), from loch awe, scotland, revealed a number of cellular deviations in individuals naturally infected with the pseudophyllidean cestode eubothrium crassum (bloch, 1779). twenty-five individuals (55.5%) were infected with an average worm burden of 18.84 +/- 4.06 (mean +/- se) cestodes per host (range, 2-80 worms; total 471 worms). the cestodes, measuring an ave ... | 2005 | 16336471 |
| experimental susceptibility of atlantic cod, gadus morhua (l.), and atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus (l.), to different genotypes of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus. | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) is a well-characterized disease of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, which has also caused economic losses in marine turbot farms in the british isles. we have previously demonstrated that turbot, scophthalmus maximus, are susceptible to isolates of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) that are endemic in the marine environment, highlighting a potential risk to marine aquaculture. given the increasing interest in the intensive rearing of additional a ... | 2005 | 16336475 |
| inactivation of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus by low levels of iodine. | the fish rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) was rapidly inactivated by extremely low concentrations of iodine in water. a 99.9% virus reduction was obtained in 7.5 s when virus (10 pfu/ml) and iodine (0.1 mg/liter, final concentration) were combined in distilled-deionized or hatchery water. iodine efficacy decreased at phs greater than 7.5 or when proteinaceous material was added to the water. bovine serum albumin blocked iodine inactivation of the virus more effectively ... | 1991 | 16348481 |
| efficacy of injection vaccines against flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | efficacy of mineral oil-based experimental injection vaccines against flavobacterium psychrophilum were tested in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), under laboratory and field conditions. the vaccines consisted of formalin- or heat-inactivated whole bacterium cell preparations of two different serotypes (fd and th) or a combination of serologically different f. psychrophilum (fd and/or th and/or fp(t);th). specific antibody responses against the bacterium in plasma and skin mucus were ... | 2006 | 16351694 |
| characterization of npy receptor subtypes y2 and y7 in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | we report the cloning and pharmacological characterization of two neuropeptide y (npy) receptor subtypes, y2 and y7, in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). these subtypes are approximately 50% identical to each other and belong to the y2 subfamily of npy receptors. the binding properties of the receptors were investigated after expression in human hek-293 ebna cells. both receptors bound the three zebrafish peptides npy, pyya, and pyyb, as well as porcine npy and pyy, with affinities in the nan ... | 2006 | 16359756 |
| genetic stability within the norwegian subtype of salmonid alphavirus (family togaviridae). | salmonid alphavirus (sav) (family togaviridae) causes mortality in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss w.) in norway, france, uk, and ireland. at least three subtypes of sav exist: spdv in uk/ireland, sdv in france/uk, and the recently reported norwegian salmonid alphavirus (nsav) in western norway. during 2003 and 2004, disease caused by nsav was reported for the first time in northern norway, more than 800 km away from the enzootic area in western norway. th ... | 2006 | 16362641 |
| effect of alpha-tocopherol on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in this study, the effect of alpha-tocopherol on the antioxidant capacity of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was determined. for this purpose, activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (cat), peroxidase (pod) and glutathione reductase (gssg-rx) were investigated. enzyme activities were measured at 0 (control), 1, 3 and 5 h after alpha-tocopherol injection. in addition, the levels of malondialdehyde (mda) as a lipid peroxidation marker were determined in the erythrocytes. the results ... | 2005 | 16363144 |
| different sensitivity of carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to the immunomodulatory effects of uvb irradiation. | in order to study the sensitivity of two fish species, carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), to the immunomodulatory effects of ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation, the fish were exposed to a single uvb dose of 50, 250, 500 or 1,000 mj cm(-2). these species represent different phylogenetic groups of fish, and they differ also in their behaviour inhabitating often dark and turbid (carp) or clear and transparent waters (salmonids). immune responses were studied on day 1 post-ir ... | 2006 | 16376572 |
| two cathelicidin genes are present in both rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | further to the previous finding of the rainbow trout rtcath_1 gene, this paper describes three more cathelicidin genes found in salmonids: two in atlantic salmon, named ascath_1 and ascath_2, and one in rainbow trout, named rtcath_2. all the three new salmonid cathelicidin genes share the common characteristics of mammalian cathelicidin genes, such as consisting of four exons and possessing a highly conserved preproregion and four invariant cysteines clustered in the c-terminal region of the cat ... | 2006 | 16377685 |
| association of flavobacterium psychrophilum strains with intestinal explants of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is an important pathogen in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the portal of entry for f. psychrophilum is not well known. in this study, the role of the intestine as a colonization site for f. psychrophilum was determined. for this purpose, the ability of a high (dubois) and a low (99/10a) virulence strain of f. psychrophilum to adhere to intestinal explants of rainbow trout was evaluated. after incubation, samples of the gut were examined bacteriologically, histolo ... | 2005 | 16385810 |
| experimental bath infection with flavobacterium psychrophilum, inducing typical signs of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss fry syndrome. | flavobacterium psychrophilum infection in salmonid fish, known as rainbow trout fry syndrome (rtfs) or bacterial coldwater disease (bcwd), is widespread in fish farms and natural waters. despite many studies in which attempts at infection were made, an adequate method of infection has not yet been established. in this study, we evaluated a bath infection method in which we used bacteria at different stages of growth in the infection of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. rainbow trout with a mean ... | 2005 | 16385811 |
| subclinical listonella anguillarum infection does not impair recovery of swimming performance in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | this study examines whether injections of the commonly used bacterial-challenge pathogen listonella anguillarum (formerly vibrio anguillarum) negatively impact the ability of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum to perform repeat swimming trials. fish were given intraperitoneal injections of either a sub-lethal (10(5) colony forming units; cfus) or a lethal (10(7) cfus) dose of l. anguillarum, held for 48 h, and then given 2 successive ramp critical swimming speed (ucrit) tests separated by ... | 2005 | 16385812 |
| toxicity to daphnia magna, hyalella azteca, oncorhynchus kisutch, oncorhynchus mykiss, oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and rana catesbeiana of atrazine, metolachlor, simazine, and their formulated products. | 2006 | 16404660 | |
| differences in metabolic response to loma salmonae infection in juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brook trout salvelinus fontinalis. | routine and post-exercise metabolic rates were measured for juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brook trout salvelinus fontinalis infected with the microsporidium gill parasite loma salmonae under laboratory conditions. rainbow trout increased routine and post-exercise metabolic rate in response to infection compared with controls. brook trout, on the other hand, lowered routine metabolic rate without effecting post-exercise metabolic rate compared to controls. the result of these 2 d ... | 2005 | 16408839 |
| construction of a virulent, green fluorescent protein-tagged yersinia ruckeri and detection in trout tissues after intraperitoneal and immersion challenge. | a green fluorescent protein (gfp) expressing strain of yersinia ruckeri was created by the transposition of a tn10-gfp-kan cassette into the genome of y. ruckeri strain yrnc10. the derivative, yrnc10-gfp, was highly gfp fluorescent, retained the gfp-km marker in the absence of kanamycin selection, and exhibited in vitro growth kinetics similar to those of the wild type strain. yrnc10-gfp colonized and caused mortality in immersion and intraperitoneally challenged rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykis ... | 2005 | 16408843 |
| a linkage map for brown trout (salmo trutta): chromosome homeologies and comparative genome organization with other salmonid fish. | we report on the construction of a linkage map for brown trout (salmo trutta) and its comparison with those of other tetraploid-derivative fish in the family salmonidae, including atlantic salmon (salmo salar), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and arctic char (salvelinus alpinus). overall, we identified 37 linkage groups (2n = 80) from the analysis of 288 microsatellite polymorphisms, 13 allozyme markers, and phenotypic sex in four backcross families. additionally, we used gene-centromere an ... | 2006 | 16452148 |
| induction time for resistance to microsporidial gill disease caused by loma salmonae following vaccination of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) with a spore-based vaccine. | resistance to re-infection of rainbow trout to loma salmonae, a microsporidian gill parasite has been previously documented and this study examined how rapidly this resistance develops. naive rainbow trout were inoculated intraperitoneally (ip) with an inactivated spore-based vaccine and were then given an oral challenge with a high dose of l. salmonae spores at various weeks after being vaccinated. non-vaccinated naive fish (exposed group) were challenged alongside of each group of vaccinated f ... | 2006 | 16464612 |
| development of methods for extraction and in vitro quantification of estrogenic and androgenic activity of wastewater samples. | chemicals released into the environment by anthropogenic activities have been linked to estrogenic or androgenic effects in exposed wildlife, and there is a need to develop and validate rapid and cost-effective methods to quantify the total estrogenic and androgenic activity of environmental water samples. in this study, estrogen receptors (er) were isolated from sheep (ovis aries) uteri and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) livers and androgen receptors (ar) were isolated from rainbow trout b ... | 2006 | 16473560 |
| cloning and phylogenetic analysis of the alpha subunit of the eighth complement component (c8) in rainbow trout. | the alpha subunit of the eighth complement component (c8) is a single-chain plasma glycoprotein which functions in the cytolytic process mediated by the complement system through a sequence of polymerization reactions with other terminal components. we have previously isolated and characterized the c8beta and c8gamma subunits of the eighth complement component in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). here, we report the primary sequence, the tissue expression profile, the domain architecture and ... | 2006 | 16483657 |
| toxic effects produced by microcystins from a natural cyanobacterial bloom and a microcystis aeruginosa isolated strain on the fish cell lines rtg-2 and plhc-1. | toxic cyanobacterial blooms are a worldwide problem, causing serious water pollution and public health hazard to humans and livestock. the intact cells as well as the toxins released after cellular lysis can be responsible for toxic effects in both animals and humans and are actually associated with fish kills. two fish cell lines-plhc-1 derived from a hepatocellular carcinoma of the topminnow poeciliopsis lucida and rtg-2 fibroblast-like cells derived from the gonads of rainbow trout oncorhynch ... | 2006 | 16485170 |
| developmental and evolutionary origins of the vertebrate dentition: molecular controls for spatio-temporal organisation of tooth sites in osteichthyans. | the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) as a developmental model surpasses both zebrafish and mouse for a more widespread distribution of teeth in the oro-pharynx as the basis for general vertebrate odontogenesis, one in which replacement is an essential requirement. studies on the rainbow trout have led to the identification of the initial sequential appearance of teeth, through differential gene expression as a changing spatio-temporal pattern, to set in place the primary teeth of the first ge ... | 2006 | 16496402 |
| molecular and expression analysis of an interferon-gamma-inducible guanylate-binding protein from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | guanylate-binding proteins (gbps) are some of the most abundant proteins accumulating in mammalian cells in response to interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). gbps have been suggested to function in antiviral activity, macrophage activation, fibroblast proliferation and inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and invasiveness. here we confirm that ifn-gamma-inducible gbp also exist in fish. a 2 kb gbp cdna was cloned from head kidney of rainbow trout treated with an ifn-inducing compound. the open r ... | 2006 | 16504293 |
| increased levels of mitochondrial gene transcripts in the thermally selected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) strain during embryonic development. | to investigate molecular mechanisms involved in thermal resistance of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, embryos from thermally selected strain in various developmental stages were treated at 22 degrees c for 30 min and subsequently developed at 12 degrees c using the donaldson strain as a reference. the embryos were evaluated for their hatching rate along with the ratio of embryos having an abnormal appearance and subjected to mrna arbitrarily primed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reac ... | 2006 | 16505978 |
| homology model of the rainbow trout estrogen receptor (rteralpha) and docking of endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs). | a model for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) estrogen receptor (rtera) was built by homology with the human estrogen receptor (hera). a high level of sequence conservation between the two receptors was found with 64% and 80% of identity and similarity, respectively. selected endocrine disrupting chemicals were docked into the ligand binding domain (lbd) of rtera and the corresponding free binding energies delta(deltag(bind)) values were calculated. a quantitative structure-activity relationsh ... | 2006 | 16513554 |
| interaction of water temperature and challenge model on xenoma development rates for loma salmonae (microspora) in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | this study evaluated the regulatory effects of water temperature on the development of branchial xenomas caused by loma salmonae using a high-dose per os-challenge model compared with a low-dose cohabitation-challenge model. approximately 275 juvenile rainbow trout (rbt), oncorhynchus mykiss, were randomly distributed to six tanks with two tanks each maintained at 11, 15 and 19 degrees c. fish in one tank from each temperature setting were exposed per os to macerated l. salmonae-infected gill ma ... | 2006 | 16533299 |
| effects of waterborne copper, cyanide, ammonia, and nitrite on stress parameters and changes in susceptibility to saprolegniosis in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the effects of toxic exposures on the susceptibility of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to saprolegniosis were evaluated. fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of copper (0.25 mg/liter), cyanide (0.07 mg/liter), ammonia (0.5 mg/liter), and nitrite (0.24 mg/liter) for 24 h. after exposure, the fish were challenged by saprolegnia parasitica (3.6 x 10(sup6) zoospores per liter) for 10 min. cortisol and cholesterol were used to indicate stress response. similar increases of cortisol were ... | 1995 | 16535039 |
| evaluation of quantitative real-time pcr for rapid assessments of the exposure of sentinel fish to myxobolus cerebralis. | pathogen-free rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) aged 735 degree days were experimentally exposed to a low dose of infectious myxobolus cerebralis (20 triactinomyxons fish(-1)). three time periods were chosen for sampling that included 10 days (d), 67 d, and 5 months (mo) post exposure. five diagnostic assays were used: (1) conventional single-round polymerase chain reaction (pcr), (2) nested pcr, (3) real-time taqman pcr, (4) pepsin-trypsin digest, and (5) histopathology. m. cerebralis was det ... | 2006 | 16555100 |
| cdna cloning and characterization of type i procollagen alpha1 chain in the skate raja kenojei. | a full-length cdna of the type i procollagen alpha1 [pro-alpha1(i)] chain (4388 bp), coding for 1463 amino acid residues in the total length, was determined by race pcr using a cdna library constructed from 4-week embryo of the skate raja kenojei. the helical region of the skate pro-alpha1(i) chain consisted of 1014 amino acid residues - the same as other fibrillar collagen alpha chains from higher vertebrates. comparison on denaturation temperatures of type i collagens from the skate, rainbow t ... | 2006 | 16563827 |
| genotyping and pathogenicity of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus from free-living turbot (psetta maxima) in a turkish coastal area of the black sea. | viral hemorrhagic septicemia (vhs) is one of the most serious fish viral diseases for cultured rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), although vhs virus (vhsv) seems to be ubiquitous among marine fishes. in the present study, vhsv isolation was performed with free-living and cultured turbot (psetta maxima) in the trabzon coastal area of the black sea to evaluate participation of vhsv in mass mortalities of seed-produced turbot larvae. vhsv was detected in 14 of 66 free-living spawners (positive ra ... | 2006 | 16597932 |
| innate immune responses in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) induced by probiotics. | carnobacterium maltaromaticum b26 and carnobacterium divergens b33, which were isolated from the intestine of healthy rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum), were selected as being potentially useful as probiotics with effectiveness against aeromonas salmonicida and yersinia ruckeri. thus, rainbow trout administered with feed supplemented with b26 or b33 dosed at >10(7) cells g(-1) feed conferred protection against challenge with virulent cultures of the pathogens. moreover, both cultures ... | 2006 | 16631379 |
| quantitative expression (walbaum) of immunological factors in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), after infection with either flavobacterium psychrophilum, aeromonas salmonicida, or infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus. | to further enhance our understanding of immunological gene expression in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, after infection with naturally occurring pathogens, a series of probes and primers were developed for the quantification of immune factors. separate groups of specific-pathogen-free rainbow trout were infected with either flavobacterium psychrophilum, aeromonas salmonicida or infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). three different concentrations of each pathogen were used and sam ... | 2006 | 16635061 |
| changes in concentrations of microcystins in rainbow trout, freshwater mussels, and cyanobacteria in lakes rotoiti and rotoehu. | microcystin concentrations in cyanobacteria and their accumulation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and freshwater mussels (hyridella menziesi) in lakes rotoiti and rotoehu (new zealand) were investigated. hatchery rainbow trout were added to an enclosure in lake rotoiti where concentrations of microcystins in the phytoplankton and cyanobacterial cell concentrations could be closely monitored. rainbow trout that were free to roam in the entire area of each lake were also included in the st ... | 2006 | 16646016 |
| translocation of viable aeromonas salmonicida across the intestine of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | the pathogenic bacterium aeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of the destructive disease furunculosis in salmonids. horizontal transmission in salmonids has been suggested to occur via the skin, gills and/or intestine. previous reports are contradictory regarding the role of the intestine as a route of infection. the present study therefore investigates the possibility of bacterial translocation across intestinal epithelia using ussing chamber technology, in vitro. intestinal segments we ... | 2006 | 16677315 |
| experimental transmission of sleeping disease in one-year-old rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), induced by sleeping disease virus. | sleeping disease (sd) is a serious disease of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, reared in fresh water caused by sleeping disease virus (sdv). in this study a detailed clinical, histological, virological and serological description of the experimental reproduction of sd in 1-year-old rainbow trout exposed to sdv was carried out. two hundred disease-free fish were intraperitoneally inoculated with a sdv isolate and 100 fish were inoculated with an uninfected cell culture lysate as a negative con ... | 2006 | 16677316 |
| pathogenic infections of gyrodactylus brachymystacis (monogenea) on oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) at a fish farm in the qinling mountain region of china. | 2006 | 16677322 | |
| evolution of cytokine responses: il-1beta directly affects intracellular ca2+ concentration of teleost fish leukocytes through a receptor-mediated mechanism. | in this work we studied the biological activities of recombinant il-1beta from the teleosts sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by investigating the effects induced on intracellular ca2+ concentrations ([ca2+]i) of spleen leucocytes. splenocytes were loaded with the ca2+-permeant fura-2am, and then stimulated with ril-1beta. the emitted fluorescence was read for 5 min at 1 min intervals on a dual excitation fluorescence fluorimeter. results showed that ril-1be ... | 2006 | 16713284 |
| persistence of clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type e in tissues from selected freshwater fish species: implications to public health. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), round gobies (neogobius melanostomas), yellow walleye (stizostedion vitreum), and yellow perch (perca flavescens) were given clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type e (bont/e) at four doses (0, 800, 1500, and 4000 mouse lethal doses). bont/e was sought in the fish tissues at death or at the conclusion of the experiment (10 days after treatment). fish were divided into a "fillet" (axial musculature) and a "nonfillet" sample before testing for bont/e toxicity wit ... | 2006 | 16715821 |