Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| electrocardiograms recorded from the body surface of the carp, cyprinus carpio. | the electrocardiograms (ecgs) in five kinds of bipolar leads were recorded from the body surface of the carp under water. each component constituting the ecg wave could be detected by the present method. the potentials of the ecgs recorded by the present method were relatively small, the values being 2-64 microv. the electrical axis in most carp was directed toward the right lateral side. | 1986 | 2876807 |
| clastogenic effects of five carcinogenic-mutagenic chemicals on the cells of the common carp, cyprinus carpio l. | the cytogenetic effects of various i.p. treatments with five carcinogenic-mutagenic chemicals and three doses for each (aflatoxin b1, aroclor 1254, benzidine, benzo[a]pyrene and 20-methylcholanthrene), were investigated in the cells of the common carp, cyprinus carpio. injection with distilled water and corn oil served as the two control groups. for detecting cytogenetic damage we used two test systems, chromosomal aberrations (ca) in kidney cells and micronucleated erythrocytes (m). at 48 hr af ... | 1986 | 2877805 |
| phospholipid dependency of carp brain and liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. | the effects of lipid-protein interactions on carp brain and liver mitochondrial mao with respect to substrate and inhibitor preference, thermostability and arrhenius parameters were studied and compared. treatment with phospholipase a2, c or d decreased mao activities towards 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), beta-phenylethylamine and tyramine similarly, accompanied by great changes in their apparent affinities for mao, but not by changes in vmax values. minimum phospholipid binding to mitochondria mi ... | 1986 | 2879700 |
| hormones with adrenocorticotropic and opiate-like activities from the carp (cyprinus carpio) pituitary. | carp (cyprinus carpio) pituitary acetone powder was extracted with a mixture of water, hydrochloric acid and acetone. an acid acetone powder was formed by adding the pituitary extract into a large volume of chilled acetone and subsequently recovering the precipitate. the powder was subjected to ion exchange chromatography on cm cellulose. fractions adsorbed on the ion exchanger exhibited acth-like activity as evidenced in the ability to stimulate lipolysis in isolated hamster adipocytes and cort ... | 1986 | 2879705 |
| carp maturational-ovulatory gonadotropin but not carp vitellogenic gonadotropin or salmon maturational-ovulatory gonadotropin stimulates testosterone production by rat leydig cells in vitro. | carp (cyprinus carpio) maturational-ovulatory gonadotropin, prepared from the fraction of pituitary extract adsorbed on con a-sepharose (con a ii) and subsequently adsorbed on cm-cellulose (whatman cm-52), stimulated testosterone production by isolated rat leydig cells. the fraction of carp pituitary extract unadsorbed on the immobilized lectin (con a i) with a mol. wt of 30,000, which had previously been shown to contain vitellogenic gonadotropin, was devoid of steroidogenic activity. salmon (o ... | 1987 | 2881654 |
| the effect of various ambient ammonia concentrations on the nitrogen metabolism of carp fry (cyprinus carpio l.). | authors studied how 125, 375 and 625 micrograms/l amounts of nh4cl added to the water influenced the ammonia excretion of carp fry with an average weight of 2.4 g, compared to the control. during the course of the experiments the nh4n concentration, the ph and the temperature were measured for three days, twice daily. on the basis of our results the threshold concentration exerting harmful effects on the ammonia household of carp fry (disturbing the normal rate of metabolism in the fishes and de ... | 1987 | 2881685 |
| paraquat as an agent affecting antioxidant enzymes of common carp erythrocytes. | the effects of paraquat on the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathionine peroxidase activities and lipid peroxidation at different times of paraquat exposure of cyprinus carpio morph l. erythrocytes were studied. typical characteristics were observed in the changes of the enzyme activities of the erythrocytes after exposure to paraquat. the haemoglobin concentration of common carp haemolysates was decreased by exposure to paraquat. | 1987 | 2885134 |
| [subcellular localization of glutamine synthetase activity in carp muscle tissue and liver]. | subcellular distribution of the glutaminesynthetase activity (ec 6.3.1.2) is studied in muscle tissue and liver of carp. it is established that this activity is distributed by subcellular fractions analogously to the glutamatedehydrogenase activity--enzyme-marker activity of mitochondria. an additional evidence for the association of the two given enzymes is obtained during equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation of mitochondria on 30-60% gradient of sorbitol. comparison of the obtained resu ... | 2015 | 2885952 |
| dendritic morphology of indoleamine cells revealed by intracellular injection of lucifer yellow in fixed carp retina. | the dendritic morphology of indoleamine amacrine cells in carp retina was investigated by identifying their fluorescent cell bodies by preloading with noradrenaline followed by iontophoretic injection of lucifer yellow in isolated and aldehyde-fixed preparations under microscopic control. although two subpopulations of serotonin-like immunoreactive amacrine cells (small and large in soma size) were found, small cells were not seen in aldehyde-fixed preparations. cells preloaded with noradrenalin ... | 1987 | 2888047 |
| the interplexiform-horizontal cell system of the fish retina: effects of dopamine, light stimulation and time in the dark. | interplexiform cells contact cone horizontal cells in the fish retina and probably release dopamine at synaptic sites. the effects of dopamine, certain related compounds, and light and dark régimes were tested on the intracellularly recorded activity of horizontal cells in the superfused carp retina to elucidate the functional role of the interplexiform cell. dopamine application onto retinae kept in the dark for 30-40 min increased the size of the responses of cone horizontal cells to small-spo ... | 1987 | 2888119 |
| metabolic activation of 2-aminofluorene, 2-acetylaminofluorene and n-hydroxy-acetylaminofluorene to bacterial mutagens with mussel (mytilus galloprovincialis) and carp (cyprinus carpio) subcellular preparations. | 1. the mode of activation of 2-aminofluorene (af), 2-acetylaminofluorene (aaf) and n-hydroxy-acetylaminofluorene (oh-aaf) to salmonella typhimurium ta 98 mutagens was investigated in subcellular fractions from the digestive gland of the mussel mytilus galloprovincialis and from the liver of carp cyprinus carpio. 2. in carp liver microsomes the activation of oh-aaf was due to very active deacetylase, in contrast to undetectable deacetylase-dependent activation in mussel microsomes. 3. af and aaf ... | 1987 | 2890481 |
| a d-mannose-specific lectin from gerardia savaglia that inhibits nucleocytoplasmic transport of mrna. | a new lectin has been isolated from the coral gerardia savaglia by affinity chromatography, using locust gum as an absorbent, and d-mannose as eluant. final purification was achieved by bio-gel p300 gel filtration. the agglutinin is a protein composed of two polypeptide chains with a mr of 14800; the two subunits are not linked by disulfide bond(s). the isoelectric point is 4.8, the amino acid composition is rich in the acidic amino acids aspartic acid and glutamic acid. the absorption maximum f ... | 1987 | 2890521 |
| reversal potentials of rod horizontal cell responses in the carp retina. | 1987 | 2891094 | |
| pharmacological properties of the atropine-resistant contraction of the carp (cyprinus carpio) intestinal bulb induced by transmural stimulation. | 1. the pharmacological properties of the atropine-resistant contraction of the carp intestinal bulb induced by transmural stimulation were investigated. 2. in the presence of atropine (1 microm), transmural stimulation caused frequency-dependent (2-50 hz) contraction which was abolished by tetrodotoxin (780 nm). 3. the atropine-resistant contraction was not decreased by tubocurarine (5 microm), hexamethonium (100 microm), carteolol (5 microm) and phentolamine (5.4 microm). 4. in vitro pretreatme ... | 1987 | 2893677 |
| influence of heat treatment on osmotic fragility of carp erythrocytes. | 1988 | 2900285 | |
| scrapie-associated fibrils, prp protein and the sinc gene. | scrapie-associated fibrils (saf) are disease-specific structures found in extracts of the brains of animals affected with scrapie. these structures are pathological aggregates of a normal host protein called prp. in collaboration with konrad beyreuther (heidelberg), we have characterized the multiple forms of prp found in saf fractions from mouse brain affected by the me7 strain of scrapie. there is no in vivo n-terminal cleavage of the most abundant forms of prp. however, n-terminal cleavage of ... | 1988 | 2900718 |
| the effect of isoprenaline on the phospholipid content of the compact and spongious musculature of the carp ventricular myocardium. | 1. after a single injection of 40 mg kg-1 of isoprenaline to the carp, lysophospholipids appear in the tissue of the heart ventricle, ethanolamine plasmalogens increase and choline plasmalogens decrease; phosphatidylinositol is lowered in the spongious layer only. 2. daily administration of 5 mg kg-1 of the drug leads, after 5 doses, to a dramatic decrease of the diphosphatidylglycerol content; during the subsequent 5 and 10 doses a return to normal values occurs. shifts in plasmalogens are simi ... | 1988 | 2904868 |
| effects of metal ions on the antioxidant enzyme activities, protein contents and lipid peroxidation of carp tissues. | 1. studies were performed regarding the effects of cuso4 in concentrations of 5, 10, 25 and 50 ppm and znso4 in concentrations of 10 and 100 ppm on the antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation and protein contents of tissues of common carp (cyprinus carpio morpha l.) exposed to these pollutants for 24 hr. 2. the results demonstrated that cuso4 was more toxic than znso4 and that both treatments brought about significant changes in these parameters in carp hepatopancreas (liver), gill and ... | 1988 | 2904875 |
| effects of a high concentration of co2 on electrocardiograms in the carp, cyprinus carpio. | 1. the effects of a high concentration of co2 (pco2 = 250 mmhg and po2 = 360 mmhg in water) and ms222 (tricaine methanesulfonate, 1/8000 or 1/5000) on the electrocardiogram (ecg) in carp were examined using five kinds of bipolar leads from the body surface. 2. in the carp anesthetized with the high concentration of co2 for 30 min, the qrs duration, pq interval and and direction of the qrs axis on the frontal plane significantly changed. even after recovery from anesthesia, delay in the qrs durat ... | 1988 | 2907441 |
| electrocardiograms in five bipolar leads recorded from the body surface of three fish species (cyprinus carpio, oreochromis niloticus and pagrus major) in fresh or sea-water. | 1. ecgs were recorded using five bipolar leads from the body surface of porgy pagrus major and tilapia oreochromis niloticus in fresh or sea-water, or held on a dry towel. 2. the maximum qrs amplitude was detected in lead v in both species being 54 +/- 25 microv in porgy and 241 +/- 78 microv in tilapia, respectively, when the fish were held on the dry towel. 3. clear ecg waves could not be obtained from porgy in sea-water because of the porgy's small cardiac potential and leakage of the potenti ... | 1988 | 2907442 |
| xanes spectroscopy sensitivity to small electronic changes. case of carp azidomethemoglobin. | spin states equilibrium of hemoglobin-iron varies with external conditions: ph, allosteric effectors, temperature. the small electronic reorganization of the iron caused by the spin state changes has been detected by x-ray absorption near edge structure (xanes) spectroscopy at room temperature. the iron k-edge region which is sensitive to spin state is located in 7110-7130 ev. here are presented the 100% high spin and 100% low spin xanes spectra of carp azido ferric hemoglobin. | 1989 | 2914617 |
| purification of carp growth hormone and cloning of the complementary dna. | the growth hormone (gh) was isolated and purified from common carp (cyprinus carpio) pituitary glands by salt precipitation and hplc on reverse-phase c18 columns. the carp gh cdna was synthesized and cloned in escherichia coli using ecori linkers and pbr322 as vector. the positive clones were selected and sequenced. the full-length carp gh cdna contains 1187 nucleotide basepairs with an open reading frame coding for the precursor form carp gh of 210 amino-acid residues. the partial amino-acid se ... | 1989 | 2920175 |
| purification and properties of pituitary gonadotropic hormone from indian teleosts: freshwater murrel (channa punctatus) and carp (catla catla). | gonadotropic hormone (gth) from the pituitaries of two widely different indian teleosts, a freshwater murrel and a carp, was purified by solvent fractionation, sephadex g-100 gel filtration, affinity chromatography on concanavalin a-sepharose (con a-sepharose), and immunoaffinity chromatography. elution profile from gel filtration showed three peaks in both cases, peak i and ii were clearly separated in murrel but not in carp. peak ii demonstrated strong gth activity in both murrel and carp but ... | 2007 | 2920895 |
| enzymatic properties of fish muscle aldolase. | 1. aldolases were isolated from the ordinary muscle of red sea bream pagrus major, pacific mackerel scomber japonicus, and carp cyprinus carpio by ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose and cm-sepharose cl-6b columns, and examined for enzymatic properties. 2. the aldolases showed the highest activity in a ph range from 6.8-7.8 km values for fructose-1,6-bisphosphate ranged from 0.025-0.10 mm. 3. irrespective of fish species, aldolase activity wa ... | 1989 | 2924547 |
| h1 horizontal cells of carp retina have different postsynaptic mechanisms to mediate short- versus long-wavelength visual signals. | vertebrate photoreceptors release neurotransmitter substance(s) tonically in the dark and this release is curtailed by light. recently, we have become increasingly aware of the possibility that short- and long-wavelength visual signals are mediated differently during the synaptic transmission to second-order retinal neurons. the experiment described here advances this notion further by demonstrating a postsynaptic difference. treatment of the carp retina by dopamine reduced the gap-junctional co ... | 2010 | 2924847 |
| age-dependent changes in volume and haemoglobin content of erythrocytes in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | carp erythrocytes were fractionated by angle-head centrifugation which yielded fractions with a linear increase in density. haematological examinations revealed that the heavier red blood cells of carp had greater volumes (mcv), more haemoglobin (mch) and higher haemoglobin concentrations (mchc) than light ones. the same experiments with human red cell fractions yielded a decrease in mcv, constant mch and an increase in mchc. haemoglobin content in individual erythrocytes was also determined by ... | 1989 | 2926316 |
| new carp park ahead. | 1989 | 2927496 | |
| the influence of antibiotics on the immune system. ii. modulation of fish leukocyte responses in culture. | we report the immunomodulating effect of two tetracycline analogues (oxytetracycline and doxycycline) on mitogenic and allogeneic stimulation of carp (cyprinus carpio) leukocytes in vitro. both drugs interfered with 3h-thymidine incorporation into the dna of phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated pronephric leukocytes in a dose-dependent manner. low concentrations of oxytetracycline delayed the mitogenic response, but did not reduce it. in addition, several other antibiotics were tested for their possib ... | 1985 | 2930938 |
| phospholipid content in the compact and spongious musculature of the carp heart (cyprinus carpio). | the phospholipid content of the spongious and compact musculature of the heart of the carp (cyprinus carpio) was compared. the content of phospholipids is higher in the spongious musculature, the greatest difference being in the content of diphosphatidylglycerol: 2.53 mumol p . g-1 wet weight in the spongious layer and 1.29 mumol p . g-1 wet weight in the compact one. in both tissues plasmalogens represent 20-27% of the tissue content of choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides. | 2010 | 2932757 |
| [specificity of carp antihuman myeloma protein sera depending on the holding temperature]. | while in carps kept in warm water (28 degrees c) and immunized with a human myeloma protein a challenge leads to an increase, the antibody titres in carps kept in cold water (14 degrees c) are changed only unsignificantly. antibody titres of carps immunized once respectively three times and kept in cold water are not markedly different. in testing the specificity of the antisera taken from each of the three groups no differences could be recognized. with carp anti-iggzei sera using the passive h ... | 1985 | 2936221 |
| myofibrillar atpase activity in the carp cyprinus carpio: interactions between starvation and environmental temperature. | the myofibrillar atpase activity of the epaxial white muscle was measured in carp cyprinus carpio l. acclimated to 10 degrees c or 28 degrees c. as previously reported, cold acclimation was associated with an increase in the atpase specific activity and a decrease in the thermostability. the water content of the white muscle was significantly higher in cold-acclimated fish than in warm-acclimated fish (p less than 0.002). starvation for 10 weeks resulted in a significant increase in the white mu ... | 1986 | 2943851 |
| [new species of myxosporidians in the genus myxobolus (myxosporidia, myxobolidae) from cyprinid fishes of the amur river]. | five new species are described as follows: m. haematopterus from gills, fins and skin of cyprinus carpio haematopterus; m. gibelio from connective tissue of gill filaments, fin rays and kidneys of carassius auratus gibelio; myxobolus waleckii from gills of leuciscus waleckii; myxobolus junchisi from gills, muscles, kidneys and spleen of cyprinus carpio haematopterus; m. alacaudatus of cyprinus and carassius myxobolus divergens carassii from gills, muscles, fins, and cartilaginous tissue of operc ... | 2009 | 2947035 |
| pink lateral muscle in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.): histochemical properties and myosin composition. | the pink muscle of the carp differs from the white (and red) muscle not only histochemically but also in its myosin isoform, as shown by peptide maps of the myosin heavy chains. results of an electrophoretic analysis of myosins are discussed in the light of their immunohistochemical properties and histochemical atpase activity. | 1987 | 2952520 |
| simple method for observing migrating leucocytes in the skin of mirror carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | 1986 | 2953193 | |
| biology and histopathology of thelohanellus hovorkai achmerov, 1960 (myxosporea, myxozoa), a protozoan parasite of the common carp (cyprinus carpio). | 1986 | 2953194 | |
| applicability of coagglutination test for detecting aeromonas salmonicida antigens from extracts of bacterial cultures and experimentally infected tissues of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | 1986 | 2953200 | |
| transferability of immune plasma and pronephric cells in isogeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic transfer systems in crucian carp. | transfer of immunity to horse erythrocytes (hrbc) by intravascular injection of immune plasma and pronephric cells was performed using histocompatible and histoincompatible crucian carp to examine "mhc" regulation in adoptive immunity. clonal ginbuna crucian carp, carassius gibelio langsdorfii and outbred kinbuna crucian carp, c. carassius buergeri immunized with hrbc were used as donors of plasma and cells for transfer to unimmunized members. recipients were then evaluated by measuring the anti ... | 1987 | 2960574 |
| [formation of muscle proteins during freezing]. | the effect of different conditions on the formation and properties of cryogels prepared by the freezing-thawing procedure from suspensions and solutions of the carp (cyprinus carpio) myofibrillar proteins was studied. the freezing of water solutions and suspensions of the native myofibrillar proteins resulted in the formation of the structures mainly stabilized by non-covalent bonds. when muscle proteins were denatured prior to the freezing they formed the structures stabilized by both non-coval ... | 2013 | 2977439 |
| reexamination of the evidence for paramagnetism in oxy- and carbonmonoxyhemoglobins. | experiments have been carried out in an attempt to confirm previous reports of paramagnetism in the oxy- and carbonmonoxy derivatives of human and carp hemoglobin. when care is taken to ensure complete saturation of the hemoglobins with ligand and the diamagnetic contributions of all of the buffers are carefully evaluated, these hemoglobin derivatives are found to have the same gram susceptibilities as exhibited by a set of metal free proteins, suggesting that they are fully diamagnetic. | 1985 | 2982138 |
| [synaptic mechanisms of the responses of olfactory bulb neurons of the carp to odorants]. | analysis of synaptic responses to some odorants in 16 secondary olfactory neurons and 5 granule cells of carp olfactory bulb revealed that the periodic discharges of secondary neurons, synchronous with the induced waves, were generated on the basis of dendrodendritic inhibitory interaction with granule interneurons. the mechanisms of tonic, asynchronous discharges in some secondary neurons remained not quite clear. | 1985 | 2983240 |
| separation and partial characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay of different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone from fish (cyprinidae) neurointermediate lobes. | from neurointermediate lobe (nil) extracts of two species of cyprinidae, carassius auratus and cyprinus carpio, several peptides were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on a c18 mubondapak column eluted with a methanol/acetic acid/triethylamine mixture. monitoring all fractions by radioimmunoassay (ria) with an antibody against melanocyte-stimulating hormone (msh) c terminal gave positive reactions for fractions 7, 11-12, 15-16, 23-24, and 25-27. for further characterizat ... | 1985 | 2984088 |
| human chorionic gonadotrophin and immature fish ovary: characterization and mechanism of the in vitro stimulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate accumulation. | human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg) increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) in pieces of eel ovary in vitro. although the ed50 (about 0.1 micrograms/ml) was the same as for carp gonadotrophin (cgth), the maximal stimulation (close to 3 times basal level) was about 10 times lower than that for the fish hormone. the mechanism of this atypical action of hcg was studied using different approaches. human cg did not inhibit the action of cgth. desensitization experiments (cgth or hcg being inj ... | 1985 | 2985465 |
| latency of horizontal cell response in the carp retina. | the response latency of horizontal cells in the carp retina was investigated by means of the stimulus-response crosscorrelation using a randomly modulated light of various wavelengths. r/g type cells produced two response components with some difference in latency; short-latency hyperpolarising response to green light and long-latency depolarising one to red light. the latency difference could not be made smaller than 14 ms by increasing the intensity of test light. these results were reconciled ... | 1985 | 2992160 |
| purification and properties of carp (cyprinus carpio) muscle calpain ii (high-ca2+-requiring form of calpain). | calpain (ca2+-dependent cysteine proteinase) was purified to apparent homogeneity from carp muscle by the method of deae-cellulose, hydroxylapatite and ultrogel aca 34 column chromatographies. the purified enzyme is classified as calpain ii (high-ca2+-requiring form of calpain) from the effects of ca2+ concentration, ph and the antibiotics on the activity. carp muscle calpain ii was inhibited by rat liver calpastatin, the specific inhibitor for calpain. it is probable that the calpain-calpastati ... | 1985 | 2992871 |
| mutual inhibitory effect of calpastatins on calpains from carp muscle, carp erythrocytes and rat liver. | the inhibitory effect of calpastatin (specific inhibitor for calpain) on calpain (ca2+-dependent cysteine proteinase, ec 3.4.22.17) was examined using carp muscle, carp erythrocytes and rat liver preparations. a mutual inhibitory effect between calpains and calpastatins from different tissues and species was observed. the conservation of the inhibitory effect of calpastatin on calpain among vertebrates suggests that the calpain-calpastatin system may play a biologically fundamental and common ro ... | 1985 | 2992872 |
| detection and some properties of calpain ii (high-ca2+-requiring form of calpain) in carp (cyprinus carpio) erythrocytes. | in order to examine the existence of calpain i, a low (micromolar)-ca2+-requiring form of calpain, in fish tissues, carp erythrocytes were chosen as the experimental material, since only calpain i is known to exist in mammalian erythrocytes. by deae-cellulose chromatography, calpain and calpastatin (specific inhibitor for calpain) were separated from carp erythrocyte hemolysate. carp erythrocyte calpain is classified as calpain ii, a high (millimolar)-ca2+-requiring form of calpain, from the res ... | 1985 | 2992873 |
| viral diseases of fish: first report of carp pox in golden ide (leuciscus idus) in north america. | carp pox, a putative viral disease exotic to north america, occurred in golden ide 1 yr after the fish were imported into the united states from the federal republic of germany. the raised, white, plaque-like lesions, which occurred on about 5% of the fish, healed spontaneously and caused no mortality. electron micrographs showed herpesvirus-like particles associated with lesion specimens; however, no infectious viruses were detected in tests with seven warmwater fish cell lines. | 1985 | 2993681 |
| internally transposed signal sequence of carp preproinsulin retains its functions with the signal recognition particle. | it is shown that the signal sequence of carp preproinsulin is functional with the dog pancreatic signal recognition particle (srp) both when present at its normal location at the amino-terminus of the protein or when engineered to an internal location. inhibition of translation by srp in the absence of microsomal membranes, reconstitution by srp of the translocation competence of high-salt inactivated microsomes and signal peptide cleavage all occur with the signal sequence being preceded by a h ... | 1986 | 3000822 |
| a signal sequence is required for the functions of the signal recognition particle. | it is shown that removal of the signal sequence of carp preproinsulin by gene technology abolishes the interaction between the polypeptide chain and the signal recognition particle with respect to both its functions: the inhibition of translation by the signal recognition particle in the absence of microsomal membranes, and the reconstitution of the protein translocation competence of high-salt inactivated microsomes. it is concluded that a signal sequence is absolutely required for the function ... | 1986 | 3004463 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the matrix protein mrna of vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype). | the complete nucleotide sequence of the mrna of the matrix (m) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus [new jersey serotype, vsv(nj)] was derived from a cdna clone and mrna. the mrna is 758 nucleotides long (excluding polyadenylic acid) and encodes a protein of 229 amino acids. the predicted amino acid sequence was compared with that of the corresponding protein of indiana serotype [vsv(ind)] and a fish rhabdovirus, spring viremia of carp virus (svcv). an amino acid identity of 62% was found betwe ... | 1986 | 3006343 |
| dendritic morphology of dopaminergic cells revealed by intracellular injection of lucifer yellow in fixed carp retina. | the dendritic morphology of dopaminergic cells in carp retinas was investigated by identifying their fluorescent cell bodies in isolated, aldehyde-fixed preparations and injecting them iontophoretically with lucifer yellow ch (ly) under microscopic control. the ly-injected cells were examined in flatmount and in radial cryosections. the cell bodies were located at the inner margin of the inner nuclear layer (the amacrine cell sublayer), and gave rise to 3-5 primary dendrites that branched repeat ... | 1986 | 3011192 |
| [synaptic interactions of individual motor neurons of the spinal cord of the carp]. | the interaction between motoneurons was studied in the isolated spinal cord of the fish (cyprinus carpio) by the recording of elementary epsps evoked in a motoneuron by intracellular stimulation of adjacent motoneuron. these epsps are mediated mainly by electrical transmission as evidenced by their short or negligible latencies, stable amplitudes and bidirectional transmission between motoneurons. in some cells double-component elementary epsps were revealed which indicate dual (electro-chemical ... | 1986 | 3012381 |
| [accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the ovary of the eel (anguilla anguilla l.) in vitro under the effect of carp gonadotropin or ovine lutropin: kinetics and thermodependence]. | cyclic amp (camp) in pieces of eel ovary was greatly increased in vitro by the gonadotropin (cgth) of carp, another teleost fish; after one hour at 20 degrees c, maximal stimulation = 31.7 and e.d. 50 = 0.08 micrograms/ml. ovine lutropin (olh) had less effect (maximal stimulation: 2.35; e.d. 50: 1.42 micrograms/ml); its action suggested that it involved a subfraction (olh/cgth rac) of the receptor-adenylate cyclase (rac) systems which mediate the action of cgth. another difference was the percen ... | 1986 | 3012723 |
| bipolar-amacrine synaptic transmission: effect of polarization of bipolar cells on amacrine cells in the carp retina. | 1986 | 3022200 | |
| circulating forms of alpha msh in the carp and trout blood: an hplc and ria study. | the three forms of msh(desacetyl-, monoacetyl-, and diacetyl) circulate in the carp and trout blood. their proportions there are as follows: in the carp, the desacetylated form is 2.5% of total msh and the monoacetylated form 72% of the acetylated forms of alpha msh. in the trout, similar proportions were found: desacetyl alpha msh was 5% of total alpha msh and monoacetyl-, 70% of the acetylated mshs. | 1986 | 3023175 |
| acid-base regulation and ion transfers in the carp (cyprinus carpio): ph compensation during graded long- and short-term environmental hypercapnia, and the effect of bicarbonate infusion. | to study both temporal and quantitative effects of hypercapnia on the extent of ph compensation in the arterial blood, specimens of carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to a pco2 of about 7.5 mmhg (1 mmhg = 133.3 pa) (1% co2) in the environmental water for several weeks, and a second group of animals was subjected to an environmental pco2 of about 37 mmhg (5% co2) for up to 96 h. a third series of experiments was designed to test the possibility that infusion of bicarbonate would increase the ext ... | 1986 | 3027233 |
| hormonal regulation of hepatic glycogenolysis in the carp, cyprinus carpio. | carp (cyprinus carpio) liver maintained normal glycogen content and enzyme complement for several days in organ culture. epinephrine-stimulated glycogenolysis, phosphorylase activation, and cyclic amp (camp) accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner with ec50s of 100, 100, and 500 nm, respectively. these actions were blocked by the beta-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol, but not by the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine. glycogenolysis and tissue camp were uninfluenced by 10(-6) m ... | 2010 | 3032003 |
| induction of xanthophores from non-pigmented dermal cells of xanthic goldfish in vitro. | to identify precursor cells of xanthophores (xanthoblasts), non-pigmented cells without any phenotypic traits as pigment cells were isolated from the dermal tissue of xanthic goldfish with an adult color pattern and cultured in a medium containing 1 mm db-camp or 0.25 u/ml acth and 10% carp serum. these non-pigmented cells differentiated into xanthophores which showed a dendritic morphology and contained a large quantity of fluorescent pteridines and numerous vesicular inclusions. sepiapterin wa ... | 2010 | 3032461 |
| dielectric, haematological and biochemical studies of detergent toxicity in fish blood. | blood characteristics in dielectric, haematological and biochemical terms of the fish cyprinus carpio exposed to a sublethal concentration of sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate were compared with those from untreated control fish; recovery from the test solution was also checked. trends of change in the majority of chosen parameters of blood with time of fish exposure to anionic detergent were significantly linear. a decline was noted in erythrocyte count, haematocrit, blood haemoglobin concentrati ... | 1987 | 3035591 |
| regulation of dopamine release from interplexiform cell processes in the outer plexiform layer of the carp retina. | the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) antagonists bicuculline and picrotoxin stimulate a four- to fivefold increase in endogenous dopamine release from isolated intact carp retina. the release evoked by these agents is ca2+ dependent, a finding suggesting a vesicular release. using light microscopic autoradiography, we have localized the sites of dopamine release to the dopaminergic interplexiform cell processes of the outer plexiform layer, which synapse onto horizontal cells. our findings support ... | 1987 | 3039059 |
| effect of teleost gnrh on reinitiation of oocyte meiosis in goldfish, in vitro. | the effects of native and an agonist analogue of teleost gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) [(d-arg6, trp7, leu8, pro9-nhet)-gnrh; tgnrh-a] on the hormone-induced meiotic maturation of goldfish oocytes were investigated. incubation of follicle-enclosed goldfish oocytes with either carp gonadotropin (gth) or meiogenic progestogens, including 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (hp) and 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxyprogesterone (dhp), reinitiated oocyte meiosis in vitro, as indicated by germinal vesicle ... | 1988 | 3044146 |
| in situ hybridization demonstrating coexpression of urotensins i, ii-alpha, and ii-gamma in the caudal neurosecretory neurons of the carp, cyprinus carpio. | in order to examine the coexpression of different urotensins in the same caudal neurosecretory neurons, in situ hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotide probes specific for mrnas for urotensins i, ii-alpha, and ii-gamma (ui, uii-alpha, and uii-gamma) was applied to the caudal neurosecretory system of the carp, cyprinus carpio, together with immunohistochemistry. almost all identifiable caudal neurosecretory neurons were labeled with the oligonucleotide and cdna probes for ui mrna. further, a ... | 1988 | 3056775 |
| carp, a novel gene regulating the transcription of the carbamoylphosphate synthetase operon of escherichia coli. | the carab operon, encoding carbamoylphosphate synthetase (cpsase; ec 6.3.5.5) is transcribed from two tandem promoters. the upstream promoter (p1) is controlled by pyrimidines and the downstream promoter (p2) is controlled by arginine. we have isolated a new type of constitutive mutation (carp) that specifically affects the control of the pyrimidine-sensitive promoter but does not appear to influence other genes of the pyrimidine pathway. the carp mutation acts in trans and is dominant, which su ... | 1988 | 3065518 |
| calcium action potentials in retinal cells of the carp. | 1988 | 3068589 | |
| [acute renal failure caused by ingestion of the carp gall bladder-a report of 3 cases, with special reference to the reported cases in japan]. | 1988 | 3071564 | |
| the effects of reserpine and lhrh or salmon gnrh analogues on gonadotropin release, ovulation and spermiation in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | the effects of reserpine (catecholamine depletor) and lhrh analogues on gonadotropin secretion, spermiation and ovulation of common carp were investigated. injections of reserpine alone at a dose of 1 or 7 mg/kg of body weight stimulated spermiation, and reserpine at a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight in combination with (d-arg6, trp7, leu8, pro9, net)-lhrh (s-gnrh-a) or with (d-ala6, pro9)-lhrh (lhrh-a) at a dose of 50 micrograms/kg of body weight caused an increase of plasma gonadotropin levels, ... | 1988 | 3072624 |
| protein and amino acid requirements of fishes. | tentative qualitative and quantitative amino acid requirements have been reported for the major species of fish reared for market or as replacement stocks for natural waters. most work has concentrated upon juvenile fish or upon rapidly growing young market fish; these have high protein dietary requirements (30-50%) that are in direct contrast to the homothermic terrestial animals. net protein utilization from the diet is similar or slightly better than that found in avian species, but energy ne ... | 1986 | 3089240 |
| [immunoenzyme (elisa) diagnosis of spring viremia in carp]. | the enzymoimmunologic (elisa) method was used to diagnose spring viremia in carp. the specific antibodies to rhabdovirus carpio in the fish sera were detected by this method. reaction specificity was tested by the use of viral and control antigens, by examination of positive and negative sera and by serum-free control incubation. applying the elisa method, the antiviral antibodies can be detected after infection or vaccination: this method is therefore suitable for thorough studies and when choo ... | 1986 | 3094221 |
| immunosuppression of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to ichthyophthiriasis using the corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide. | the immune response of juvenile mirror carp (cyprinus carpio l.) has been investigated in relation to protective immunity and immunosuppression to the disease ichthyophthiriasis. protective immunity was induced by exposing juvenile carp to approximately 2,000 theronts per fish for 3 hours at a concentration of approximately 80 theronts cm-3 in dechlorinated water ph 7.0-7.2, 20 +/- 2 degrees c in the dark, on three separate occasions of 14 day intervals. following each exposure, re-infection was ... | 1986 | 3094233 |
| immunological relationship among glycogen-protein complexes of different species. | glycogen-protein complexes from the muscles of celerio euphorbiae and horse as well as from the livers of frog, carp and man were isolated and used as antigens. after immunization of rabbits antisera were obtained from which fractions of immunoglobulins were isolated. antibodies were used in agar immunodiffusion tests and in quantitative reaction of immunoprecipitation with glycogens. the immunoprecipitation test proved the occurrence of quantitative differences in cross reaction of complexes wi ... | 1986 | 3109350 |
| paradoxical induction of dopaminergic cells following intravitreal injection of high doses of 6-hydroxydopamine in juvenile carp retina. | histofluorescence studies were conducted on two groups of juvenile carp (body length, 12.7 and 6.6 cm on the average, respectively) during certain periods (3-11 months) of retinal growth, to evaluate the destructive effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on dopaminergic and indoleamine-accumulating cells. within a certain range of doses (0.1-5.0 micrograms/eye) of the neurotoxin injected intravitreally, it was found to destroy both classes of cells in a dose-dependent manner: more cells disappeared with hi ... | 1987 | 3109692 |
| ultrastructural characterization of leucocytes in the pronephros of carp (cyprinus carpio, l.). | in the pronephros of carp (cyprinus carpio, l.) the following cells were found and ultrastructurally characterized: erythrocytes; lymphocytes and plasma cells; thrombocytes; neutrophilic, eosinophilic and basophilic granulocytes; phagocytic reticular cells and monocytes and non-phagocytic reticular cells. the cells could be separated on a percoll continuous density gradient and relatively pure fractions could be obtained. in vitro phagocytosis of bacteria (bacillus megaterium) was found in monoc ... | 1987 | 3109968 |
| physicochemical characterization of lens crystallins from the carp and biochemical comparison with other vertebrate and invertebrate crystallins. | lens crystallins were isolated from the homogenate of carp (cyprinus carpio) eye lenses by gel permeation chromatography and characterized by gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion, amino acid analysis, circular dichroism, and protein sequence analysis. three well-defined fractions corresponding to alpha/beta-, beta-, and gamma-crystallins were obtained in relative weight percentages of 26, 22, and 52%. the native molecular masses of the purified fractions were determined to be 410, 60, and 20 kda ... | 1987 | 3110141 |
| [qualitative and quantitative distribution of 7 enzymes in organs of the rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri r.) and the carp (cyprinus carpio)]. | 1987 | 3113116 | |
| increased gonadotropin levels in goldfish do not result in alterations in circulating thyroid hormone levels. | to determine whether increases in gonadotropin levels are capable of altering thyroid function in goldfish, plasma thyroid hormone levels were measured following induced changes in endogenous gonadotropin secretion and injection of carp gonadotropin. radio-frequency lesions placed in the nucleus preopticus periventricularis or monosodium-l-glutamate-induced lesions of the posterior nucleus lateralis tuberis (nlt) of the hypothalamus were capable of stimulating significant increases in plasma gon ... | 1987 | 3114043 |
| [determination of the number of tissue compatibility genes in the carp using the transplantation test in the third generation of induced gynogenesis]. | transplantations have been carried out of anal fin in carp individual progeny of the third consecutive generation of induced gynogenesis. the part of grafts accepted made 19.4 +/- 5.0% (71 transplantations have been carried out). with the data obtained, an approximate quantity of histocompatible genes has been determined in carp which amounted to 32. calculation has been done on the basis of the assumption that the part of histocompatible genes being in homozygous state in the given progeny equa ... | 1987 | 3121444 |
| method for the oso4-free preservation of brain tissue suitable for immunocytochemistry in tem. | following conventional oso4-fixation and embedding of brain tissue in epoxide resins for ultrastructural investigations, on the one hand, the wellknown good depiction of structures is obtained, on the other hand, however, according to these procedures a considerable loss up to 80% of glycolipid-bound and up to 50% of glycoprotein-bound neuraminic acid of important native compounds has to be put up with. the fixation of brain tissue by 1% glutaraldehyde and 1% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 mol/l na-k-p ... | 1987 | 3122505 |
| [chloromyxum barbi (myxosporea) in hypophthalmichthys molitrix (osteichthyes)]. | during an investigation of h. molitrix yearlings from the district of cottbus in the gdr the myxosporidian chloromyxum barbi dogel', 1934 was found in the gallbladder (not recorded before in the gdr). ch. barbi was found to be a new parasite of the silver carp. | 1987 | 3122603 |
| isolation and partial characterization of igm-like immunoglobulins from the serum of carp (cyprinus carpio l.), frog (rana ridibunda pall.) and tortoise (testudo graeca pall.). | 1. igm-like immunoglobulin fractions have been isolated by combinations of precipitation procedures and gel-filtration from the serum of three vertebrate species, representative of the classes of pisces (cyprinus carpio l.), amphibia (rana ridibunda pall.) and reptilia (testudo graeca pall.). 2. the homogeneity of the isolated fractions has been confirmed electrophoretically and immunoelectrophoretically. 3. electrophoretic mobility of igm, similar for the three species studied has been observed ... | 1988 | 3132346 |
| characterization of the alternative complement pathway of carp. | 2011 | 3133256 | |
| identification and immunocytochemical localization of two different carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in teleostean fish erythrocytes and gill epithelia. | carbonic anhydrase was purified from the gills (cab) of the rainbow trout salmo gairdneri and from erythrocytes (cae) of the fresh water carp cyprinus carpio. the purification of the isozymes was confirmed by sds acrylamide gel electrophoresis. antibodies against the purified cab and cae were then raised in rabbits. specificity was verified by immunoblotting. no cross-reaction was found between them, using the immunodot technique. cab antiserum was used to specifically localize gill ca in the tr ... | 1988 | 3139588 |
| effect of adrenaline and blood gas conditions on red cell volume and intra-erythrocytic electrolytes in the carp, cyprinus carpio. | 1. carp, when subjected to air stress in vivo, developed a hypoxaemia associated with an acidosis due to elevation of pco2 and arterial lactate content. adrenaline and noradrenaline levels rose markedly, and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (mchc in mmol hb l-1 red blood cells) decreased, indicating swelling of the erythrocytes. 2. no effect of adrenaline could be observed in vitro after equilibration at normal ph and oxygenation level. 3. simulation of air stress in vitro, by usin ... | 1988 | 3145321 |
| nucleotide sequence of chicken myb proto-oncogene promoter region: detection of an evolutionarily conserved element. | the nucleotide sequence of the chicken myb proto-oncogene putative promoter region was determined and compared with the corresponding sequence of the mouse c-myb gene (1). 118 bp upstream from the initiation codon suggested by gerondakis and bishop (2) for the chicken c-myb protein, a 124-bp-long conserved element was found (92% identity in chicken and mouse sequences). sequences homologous to this element were detected on southern blots of restricted genomic dnas from mouse, man, lizard, frog, ... | 1988 | 3145493 |
| temperature acclimatization of the carp. cellular and molecular aspects of the compensatory response. | 1988 | 3154855 | |
| [monoclonal antibodies against differentiation antigens of carp thymocytes (cyprinus carpio l.)]. | using the cell fusion technique we have produced monoclonal antibodies directed against carp thymocytes. the monoclonals revealed a different ability for binding to carp lymphocytes of various origin. the antibodies reacting only with lymphocytes seem to react with a membrane structure of a molecular weight of 200 000 to 250 000 daltons. | 1985 | 3158176 |
| electron probe x-ray microanalysis of post-tetanic ca2+ and mg2+ movements across the sarcoplasmic reticulum in situ. | ca2+ and mg2+ movements across the sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) of frog skeletal muscle fibers were measured in situ by electron probe microanalysis of muscles rapidly frozen following a tetanus. at 400 ms following a 1.2-s tetanus at room temperature, the force had relaxed to base-line, and 0.3 mmol of ca2+/liter of cytoplasmic h2o had been pumped by the sr, indicating that the in situ pumping of the sr ca-atpase is sufficiently high to account for the removal of ca2+ from the ca2+-specific site ... | 1985 | 3158652 |
| localization of immunoreactive synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (anf) in the heart of various animal species. | the localization of two synthetic fragments of the c-terminal portion of atrial natriuretic factor: arg 101-tyr 126 which displays full biological activity and leu 94-arg 109 which is completely devoid of biological activity, has been investigated by immunohisto- and immunocytochemical methods in the heart of mammals (rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, cat, dog, man) and nonmammalian vertebrates toad (bufo marinus), frog (rana catesbeiana), fish (cyprinus carpio, puntius schwanenfeldi, cic ... | 1985 | 3158698 |
| changes in tension generation and atpase activity in skinned muscle fibres of the carp following temperature acclimation. | common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were acclimated to either 7 degrees c or 23 degrees c for 1-2 months. skinned fibre preparations were isolated from the white myotomal muscle, and atpase activity measured during maximal isometric contractions. at 7 degrees c, fibres from the cold acclimated fish were found to generate more force than those from warm acclimated fish (123.1 and 97.2kn m-2 respectively), and more "work" (force x time integral) was obtained for each atp hydrolysed. atp turnover per ... | 1985 | 3160006 |
| fish lymphokines: the production of growth factors in supernatants of mitogen-stimulated pronephros cells of carp (cyprinus carpio). | 1985 | 3161628 | |
| effect of manganese ions on the immune response of carp (cyprinus carpio) against yersinia ruckeri. | the effect of manganese ions mn2+ (mn cl2) on hematocrit and the antibody response of carp (cyprinus carpio) was investigated after exposure of fish to contaminated water for 2.5 months. contamination of water with 50 mg/l mn2+ did not decreased antibody production against yersinia ruckeri (measured by agglutination) but significantly decreased hematocrit. the levels of manganese in lymphoid organs (spleen and kidney) increased progressively during the experiment. the effect of manganese in vitr ... | 1988 | 3169354 |
| dna:dna reassociation analysis of aeromonas salmonicida. | dna from 26 aeromonas salmonicida strains, namely 11 'typical' and 15 so-called 'atypical' strains, was used to assess the taxonomic relatedness within the species. the genomes were characterized by determination of dna base composition, dna:dna reassociation, calculation of sequence divergence following reassociation, and by genome size estimations. by comparison with dna obtained from controls and the aeromonas hydrophila group, a. salmonicida strains were determined to be correctly placed wit ... | 1988 | 3171541 |
| unknown syndrome: abnormal facies, hypothyroidism, and severe retardation: a second patient. | in the november 1987 issue of this journal, young and simpson presented a female infant with abnormal facies (microcephaly, blepharophimosis, small, low set, posteriorly rotated ears, bulbous nose, carp shaped mouth, and micrognathia), congenital heart abnormalities (large atrial and ventricular septal defects), congenital hypothyroidism, and severe global retardation. we have observed a male newborn with a similar pattern of malformations (figs. 1 and 2). | 1988 | 3172145 |
| nucleotide sequence of carp prolactin cdna. | 1988 | 3174460 | |
| pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in carp, african catfish and rainbow trout. | the plasma disposition of ciprofloxacin was studied in carp, african catfish and trout after intravenous (iv) and intramuscular (im) administration at a dose rate of 15 mg/kg. pharmacokinetic analysis of iv data showed that ciprofloxacin was well distributed (distribution volume vd(area): 3.08-5.59 litre/kg) and exhibited a similar elimination half-life of about 14 h in these 3 fish species. after im administration to carp and trout a rapid absorption was noticed; the maximum ciprofloxacin plasm ... | 1988 | 3176297 |
| comparative biotransformation of molinate (ordram) in the white sturgeon (acipenser transmontanus) and common carp (cyprinus carpio). | 1. juvenile white sturgeon (acipenser transmontanus) and common carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to 100 micrograms/l [ring-14c]molinate in a flow-through metabolism system. exposure was in three phases: acclimation (2 h), uptake (24 h), and depuration (24 h). 2. excreted metabolites were collected on a macroreticular resin, and retained metabolites were extracted from homogenized fish tissue. identification and quantification was by h.p.l.c. cochromatography (gradient conditions) and determin ... | 1988 | 3176521 |
| [the seasonal dynamics of sphaerospora renicola (myxosporidia) in carp (osteichthyes)]. | we observed 2 different types of the course of incidence of sporogonic phase and blood phase. type i shows in both phases a maximum in the first summer, a minimum in winter or autumn and a second maximum between late autumn and second summer. in this case the sporulation was especially distinct with the first maximum. type ii starts in the first summer with the blood phase without occurrence of the sporogonic phase (and the swim-bladder phase), which appears only from autumn until the second sum ... | 1988 | 3177937 |
| [characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscles of the sea carp diplodus annularis l]. | the activity of phosphorylase and glycogen level in white and red skeletal muscles of d. annularis was investigated after two minutes after swimming with the rate of 1.8 m/s. the indicated muscular load decreased the glycogen level in the white muscles by 70%. it has been found that changes in the carbohydrate metabolism of the d. annularis red muscles were negligible. | 2015 | 3188263 |
| carp gamma-crystallins with high methionine content: cloning and sequencing of the complementary dna. | the nucleotide sequences of gamma-crystallin cdnas cloned from the common carp (cyprinus carpio) have been determined. the amino-acid sequences derived consist of two polypeptides with 177 and 172 amino-acid residues for gamma-m1 and gamma-m2, respectively. they exhibit unusually high methionine contents: 12.4% for gamma-m1 and 14% for gamma-m2. comparison of both fish gamma-crystallins with bovine gamma-ii crystallin reveals that they are similar in structure. the striking features of both fish ... | 1988 | 3191133 |
| the complete amino acid sequences of beta-subunits of two distinct chum salmon gths. | the complete amino acid sequences of beta-subunits of chum salmon (oncorhynchus keta) gonadotropin (gth) i and gth ii were determined. both gth i beta and gth ii beta were treated with neuraminidase, and then reduced and carboxymethylated. both of the modified subunits were digested separately with several endopeptidases. the resulting fragments were purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and subjected to sequence analysis by manual edman degradation. gth i beta was a ... | 1988 | 3192067 |
| the effect of temperature on immunoreactive glucagon plasma level in carp cyprinus carpio. | plasma immunoreactive glucagon levels (irg), plasma glucose levels and brain and liver glycogen concentrations were analyzed in carp (adapted to 15 degrees c) subjected to short-term temperature changes (1.6 or 11 h, at 5 degrees c or 28 degrees c, respectively) and to long-term temperature changes (21 months at 28 degrees c). the high temperature (28 degrees c) produced significant increases in irg in both short and long-term experiments. brain glycogen also decreased in both experiments wherea ... | 1988 | 3194572 |