Publications

mechanism of biological effects observed in honey bees (apis mellifera, l.) hived under extra-high-voltage transmission lines: implications derived from bee exposure to simulated intense electric fields and shocks.	this work explores mechanisms for disturbance of honey bee colonies under a 765 kv, 60-hz transmission line [electric (e) field = 7 kv/m] observed in previous studies. proposed mechanisms fell into two categories: direct bee perception of enhanced in-hive e fields and perception of shock from induced currents. the adverse biological effects could be reproduced in simulations where only the worker bees were exposed to shock or to e field in elongated hive entranceways (= tunnels). we now report t ...	1988	3178903
introduction of a high-resolution cytochemical method for studying the distribution of phospholipids in biological tissues.	a novel cytochemical method for the in situ, ultrastructural localization of phospholipids in biological tissues is reported. the method is based on the enzyme-gold approach (m. bendayan: j. histochem. cytochem. 29, 531, 1981). phospholipase a2 from bee venom was adsorbed on colloidal gold particles (pla2-gold) and applied for the specific labeling of its substrate, sn3-glycerophospholipids. the binding and enzymic competence of the pla2-gold complex were confirmed by in vitro, preembedding expe ...	1988	3181170
[effect of nutritional treatment of esophageal cancer patients on pre and post-operative hemodynamic changes and postoperative lung complications].	in 35 patients with esophageal cancer, preoperative nutritional state and hemodynamic changes on exercise test using swan-ganz catheter were studied. thirty-five patients were divided into two groups. group 1; preoperative daily calorie intake was less than 1.75 x bee (basal energy expenditure), group 2; preoperative daily calorie intake was more than 1.75 x bee. there were significant differences between group 1 and group 2 in preoperative daily calorie intake, serum transferrin, retinal bindin ...	1988	3185468
electrophysiological evidence of the neurotoxic effects of apamin on auditory function in the rat.	brainstem auditory evoked potentials (baeps) were recorded from rats before and after injection with apamin, a polypeptide component of bee venom. increased absolute and interpeak latencies were found in peaks iii-vii of the baep beginning about 30 minutes after apamin injection suggesting impaired auditory function. no change in baep was found when animals were injected with saline or during the baseline period before apamin administration. results corroborate recent findings from our laborator ...	1988	3185962
should x-rays be ordered to find a bee's stinger?	on several occasions, we have been asked to locate bee stingers so that they could be removed. the studies were negative, and we did not know if identification was even possible. an experiment was done using both film screen studies and xerograms at various techniques to attempt to locate a honey bee stinger. the stinger could not be identified.	1988	3186527
honeybee retinal glial cells transform glucose and supply the neurons with metabolic substrate.	the retina of the honeybee drone is a nervous tissue in which glial cells and photoreceptor cells (sensory neurons) constitute two distinct metabolic compartments. retinal slices incubated with 2-deoxy[3h]glucose convert this glucose analogue to 2-deoxy[3h]glucose 6-phosphate, but this conversion is made only in the glial cells. hence, glycolysis occurs only in glial cells. in contrast, the neurons consume o2 and this consumption is sustained by the hydrolysis of glycogen, which is contained in ...	1988	3186756
late onset reactions following venom immunotherapy and venom skin tests.	this report describes patients who had late onset reactions following venom immunotherapy and venom skin tests. six adult patients had symptoms of fatigue, malaise, fever, headache, and joint ache, starting four to six hours after venom immunotherapy and lasting up to four days. two of the patients had prolonged reactions at or adjacent to the skin test sites. all of these patients had a history of venom anaphylaxis; four had severe cardiovascular symptoms. all received yellow jacket venom immun ...	1988	3189964
kin recognition in the sweat bee, lasioglossum zephyrum.		1988	3190637
the ontogeny of kin discrimination cues in the honey bee, apis mellifera.		1988	3190638
allergens in hymenoptera venom. xx. isolation of four allergens from imported fire ant (solenopsis invicta) venom.	commercial solenopsis invicta (sol i) venom was fractionated by gel filtration and high-performance cation exchange chromatography. four proteins were isolated and purified to homogeneity. the four proteins were tested with a panel of sera from patients allergic to fire ant venom; all proteins had significant allergenic activity. these proteins corresponded to four of the bands we previously reported to be allergenic by immunoblot analysis. sol i i has an apparent molecular weight of 37,000 dalt ...	1988	3192865
allergens in hymenoptera venom. xxi. cross-reactivity and multiple reactivity between fire ant venom and bee and wasp venoms.	the relationships between fire ant venom and bee and wasp venoms were explored by studying sera from five groups of subjects. group 1 included adults not allergic to any venoms and who were not exposed to fire ants. group 2 included adults with fire ant exposure who were not allergic to venoms. group 3 included patients with recent systemic reactions to fire ant venom. group 4 included patients allergic to bee and vespid venoms with no fire ant exposure. last, group 5 included patients allergic ...	1988	3192866
involvement of phospholipase a2 in the regulation of [3h]hemicholinium-3 binding.	we have examined the effects of exogenous phospholipase a2 (pla2) on the sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake mechanism as assessed by the specific binding of [3h]hemicholinium-3 ([3h]hch-3). incubation of striatal synaptic membranes with bee venom pla2 resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the specific binding of [3h]hch-3. the effect of pla2 on [3h]hch-3 binding was inhibited by quinacrine, a pla2 inhibitor, and by removal of calcium. scatchard analysis revealed that the o ...	1988	3196359
"bee-sting kills mother of 10".		2013	3200180
management of bee-sting anaphylaxis.	a retrospective case analysis of 101 adverse reactions to bee-stings and a prospective questionnaire analysis of the proposed management by local medical practitioners and resident hospital staff members of three hypothetical bee-sting reactions has revealed that understanding of the use of adrenaline in patients with reactions to bee envenomation is confused with regard to the indications for its use, dosage and route; that corticosteroid agents are used or are recommended too frequently, somet ...	2015	3200185
inhibition of platelet aggregation by manoalide: preliminary results.	manoalide (mnd), a sesterterpenoid first isolated from the marine sponge luffariela variabilis and later synthesized by japanese chemists, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and directly inactivates bee and snake venom phospholipase a2. we investigated the effects of mnd on platelet aggregation induced by paf-acether, arachidonic acid (aa), adp and thrombin. rabbit platelet aggregation was inhibited by mnd in a dose-dependent manner. mnd also inhibited the aggregation induced by aa and adp but ...	1988	3203166
[hypertensive syndrome after bee and wasp stings].		1988	3204952
the involvement of cytoskeletal proteins in the maintenance of phospholipid topology in renal brush-border membranes.	when incubated for 14 h at 37 degrees c in the absence of energy supply, brush-border membrane vesicles from rabbit kidney cortex maintain, as judged by the use of sphingomyelinase and trinitrobenzene sulfonate as membrane probes, their highly asymmetrical phospholipid distribution. in particular, sphingomyelin still accounts for 75% of the phospholipids present on the outer membrane leaflet. pretreatment of the vesicles with 5 mm diamide resulted in extensive crosslinking of membranous and cyto ...	1988	3207748
the use of quetol 651 for the post-embedding immunohistochemical demonstration of gamma-aminobutyric acid on semithin sections.	quetol 651 was used as an embedding medium for the demonstration of gamma aminobutyric acid (gaba) in semithin sections by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method. in order to demonstrate the immunoreactivity, the embedding medium was partially dissolved using absolute ethanol containing 0.8-1 m naoh or koh for 5-7 min. the experimental procedure was elaborated by testing the gabaergic sites in the endings surrounding the small neurones of the anterior exterolateral nucleus of a mormyrid fish and ...	1988	3209422
[mites as parasites of honey bee (apis mellifera l.) and as beehive co-inhabitants].		1988	3218250
bee venom and adjuvant arthritis.		1988	3230576
structure of p401 (mast cell degranulating peptide) in solution.	p401 (also known as mast cell degranulating protein, mcd) is a minor component of honeybee venom. its primary structure is related to that of apamin. we have studied the structure of p401 in solution by high-resolution two-dimensional 1h-nmr spectroscopy. almost all the backbone proton resonances have been assigned by sequential assignment strategy. analysis of noes shows that p401 has a conformation very similar to that of apamin. n-terminal residues ile-1-cys-5 are in an extended conformation ...	1988	3233281
oxygenated compounds in beeswax: identification and possible significance.	1. beeswax synthesized by non-foraging honeybee workers contains six oxygenated volatiles in addition to a series of normal alkanes. 2. decanal constitutes nearly 50% of the oxygenated volatiles and is accompanied by octanal, nonanal, furfural, benzaldehyde and 1-decanol. 3. the possible significance of the aldehydes as stimulators of hoarding behaviour and attractants for wax moths is discussed.	1988	3233932
solution structure of apamin determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and distance geometry.	the solution structure of the bee venom neurotoxin apamin has been determined with a distance geometry program using distance constraints derived from nmr. twenty embedded structures were generated and refined by using the program dspace. after error minimization using both conjugate gradient and dynamics algorithms, six structures had very low residual error. comparisons of these show that the backbone of the peptide is quite well-defined with the largest rms difference between backbone atoms i ...	1988	3242598
cerebral glucose utilization after administration of apamin, a toxin active on ca2+-dependent k+ channels.	the quantitative 2-[14c]deoxyglucose autoradiographic technique was used to examine the effects of acute intravenous administration of apamin, a bee venom toxin specific for one class of ca2+-dependent k+ channels on brain energy metabolism. with doses of 0.5 mg/kg, the effects of apamin on local cerebral glucose utilization (lcgu) were limited to the habenulo-interpeduncular tract and the interpeduncular nucleus. after a 1.0 mg/kg dose, significant increases in rates of energy metabolism were a ...	1988	3251587
bee sting and relapse of nephrotic syndrome.	in a group of 180 children with nephrotic syndrome and followed up in one institution, 3 of them relapsed subsequently to a bee sting. proteinuria disappeared after steroid therapy.	2012	3251627
bee venom, adjuvant induced disease and interleukin production.	interleukin production and the in vitro mitogenic responses from honey bee venom treated normal rat splenocytes were reduced considerably compared to controls. addition of interleukin-1 (il-1) or interleukin-2 (il-2) supernatants to these cultures in vitro resulted in an increase of their responses to normal levels. these results suggest that in vivo honey bee venom treatment affects the production of il-1 by macrophages directly. honey bee venom treatment affects adjuvant induced disease develo ...	1988	3262759
abnormal membrane phospholipid organization in plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes.	the membrane phospholipid organization in plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes was analysed by employing phospholipase a2 and merocyanine 540 as external membrane probes. both bee venom and pancreatic phospholipases a2 failed to hydrolyse phosphatidylserine in uninfected human red cells isolated from in vitro p. falciparum cultures. however, these enzymes under identical conditions readily degraded this aminophospholipid in p. falciparum-infected erythrocytes. phosphatidylethanolami ...	1988	3280006
stereochemical studies of d-glucal hydration by alpha-glucosidases and exo-alpha-glucanases: indications of plastic and conserved phases in catalysis by glycosylases.	alpha-glucosidases from aspergillus niger, pig serum, ungerminated rice, buckwheat, and sugar beet seeds (but not from brewers' yeast or honeybee) were found to catalyze the hydration of d-glucal. each reactive alpha-glucosidase, incubated with d-glucal in d2o, was shown to protonate (deuteriate) this prochiral substrate from above its re face, i.e., from a direction opposite that assumed for protonating alpha-d-glucosidic substrates. at the same time, d-glucal hydration catalyzed by three of th ...	1988	3284583
monitoring of antibodies in patients on immunotherapy with insect venoms by immunoblotting.	a rapid nitrocellulose immunoblotting procedure based upon electrophoretic transfer has been used to monitor patient specific ige and igg antibodies before and after specific hymenoptera insect venom therapy. the patients followed a conventional schedule for immunotherapy with pharmalgen bee and yellow jacket venoms. the allergenic profiles of the patients before and after treatment were qualitatively similar in many patients, but some showed decreased ige binding after treatment. on the other h ...	1987	3294603
is there a place for bee venom desensitization in children?		1987	3304244
allergens in hymenoptera venom. xviii. immunoblotting studies of venom allergens.	pure venoms from yellow jackets and bees were used to evaluate denaturing and nondenaturing immunoblot techniques and to compare results of ige antibody-stained immunoblots to rast with highly purified allergens. significant differences in ige antibody binding were observed among all three techniques, suggesting that tertiary conformation is a major factor in the allergenic determinants of venom allergens. igg antibodies from hyperimmunized animals and from specimens obtained from allergic patie ...	2012	3305664
immunotherapy with hymenoptera venoms. position paper of the working group on immunotherapy of the european academy of allergy and clinical immunology.	immunotherapy with hymenoptera venoms is widely used throughout the world and is accepted as an effective treatment for most patients with hymenoptera venom allergy. there are, however, still some unresolved problems with this form of treatment. at present there is no definite test which makes it possible to identify patients at risk - and thus candidates for immunotherapy - unequivocally. on the basis of prospective studies on the natural history of hymenoptera allergy, venom immunotherapy is i ...	1987	3310714
[anaphylactic shock and other allergic reactions in persons sensitized to bee venom].		1987	3313317
propolis allergy. (i). origin, properties, usage and literature review.	propolis or bee-glue, a resinous bee-hive product, is the cause of an increasing number of cases of allergic contact dermatitis. formerly only observed in bee-keepers, propolis allergy today is mainly seen in individuals who use propolis in bio-cosmetics and self treatment of various diseases. nearly 200 cases are summarized in an overview, including the first description of 'poplar bud' contact dermatitis from 1887. as practically all flavonoid aglycones and most of the other phenolics present ...	1987	3315436
an indirect enzymoimmunological assay for hyaluronidase.	the use of a hyaluronic acid-binding proteoglycan (hyaluronectin) as a probe for the detection of hyaluronic acid has facilitated the development of an indirect enzymo-immunological assay for hyaluronidase. plastic microtest elisa plates were coated with hyaluronic acid. incubation with hyaluronidase led to the destruction of insolubilized hyaluronic acid in proportion to the hyaluronidase concentration of samples. residual hyaluronic acid was assayed by its capacity to bind immune complexes mad ...	1987	3316396
igg subclass antibody response to hymenoptera venom.	venom immunotherapy provides clinical protection against hymenoptera stings in almost all treated allergic patients. venom specific igg antibodies often rise during immunotherapy and some studies found an association between their levels and clinical protection in subjects treated with yellow jacket venom. it is interesting to report that, among igg subclasses, venom specific igg4 show the most significant increase but igg1 could represent a relevant immunological mechanism, exerting a regulator ...	2012	3325820
historical estimates of external gamma exposure and collective external gamma exposure from testing at the nevada test site. i. test series through hardtack ii, 1958.	in 1959, the test manager's committee to establish fallout doses calculated estimated external gamma exposure at populated locations based upon measurements of external gamma-exposure rate. using these calculations and estimates of population, we have tabulated the collective estimated external gamma exposures for communities within established fallout patterns. the total collective estimated external gamma exposure is 85,000 person-r. the greatest collective exposures occurred in three general ...	1986	3332000
bee, wasp, and hornet stings.		1986	3332330
a study of the prevalence and clinical significance of venom-specific ige.	the prevalence of unrecognized hymenoptera-venom sensitization, assessed by venom skin tests (vsts) in adults with no history of adverse reactions to sting, has been as high as 12% in previous epidemiologic studies. to assess further the clinical importance of positive vsts in such individuals, we skin tested 33 subjects stung in the field during the preceding 12 months without reaction, and 33 persons who denied being stung in the preceding 3 years. among the recently stung group, 12/33 had at ...	1988	3339194
color constancy in the honeybee.	a multicolored display was illuminated by 3 bands of wavelengths corresponding to the maxima of the spectral sensitivities of the 3 types of photoreceptors found in the bee retina. the intensity of each band could be varied individually. the light fluxes emitted by the colored areas of the multicolored display were determined quantitatively. free-flying honeybees were trained with sugar solution to choose one of the colored areas. the illumination was then changed in such a way that the light fl ...	1988	3339405
nutritional support of the chronically ill elderly female at risk for elective or urgent surgery.	among the elderly, those at highest risk are the chronically ill, inactive patients. assessing macronutrient requirements and outcome depends on longitudinal studies. seven chronically ill, elderly female patients suffering from persistent infections, were studied monthly, over a 6-month period to determine their protein and energy requirements. calorie and protein requirements were based on clinical status. the results of the nutrition support program were monitored using: weight change, nitrog ...	1988	3343473
taurine-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the honeybee.	taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is one of the most abundant free amino acids in the insect central nervous system. we have investigated the distribution of taurine-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the honeybee with an antiserum recognizing fixed taurine. taurine-like immunoreactivity appeared within neuronal perikarya, neurites, and terminals, whereas glial cells were unlabelled. all photoreceptor cells of the compound eyes and the ocelli were stained. so were the fibers of the anterio ...	2012	3346385
low specific ige, igg and lymphocyte reactivity in a group of patients developing anaphylaxis following a honey-bee sting.	ten patients who developed severe generalized reactions following a honey-bee sting were investigated for the presence of specific ige and igg antibodies, and for lymphocyte reactivity following in-vitro honey-bee venom (hbv) stimulation. five of the patients (high responders) showed high hbv-specific ige and igg levels, whereas the other five patients (low responders) showed low hbv-specific ige and igg levels. mononuclear cells from the high responder group incorporated significant amounts of ...	1988	3349591
allergy to venom from bee or wasp: the relation between clinical and immunological reactions to insect stings.	sixty-three patients, applying to the casualty ward after a bee or wasp sting, were tested. on the day of admission, and 4 weeks later, blood was sampled to measure specific ige and igg against bee and wasp venom and total ige. four weeks after the insect sting, all patients were examined with skin-prick test (1, 10 and 100 micrograms/ml), and intracutaneous test (0.05 ml of extract 1.0 microgram/ml). the amount of venom-specific ige and igg increased significantly during the 4-week period, veno ...	2012	3349594
ige and igg antibody response to purified bee-venom antigens and peptides in four patients who had adverse reactions to immunotherapy.	the immunological response to individual bee-venom allergens was studied in blood samples collected at frequent intervals from four bee-venom allergic patients who had suffered systemic allergic reactions to injections of bee venom during immunotherapy. all had high ige antibody levels, at the upper end of the range found in bee-sting allergic patients, and all had antibodies to the minor allergens at the time of the reactions. these did not, however, provide a simple explanation for the reactio ...	1988	3349595
o-aminoacetophenone, a pheromone that repels honeybees (apis mellifera l.).	o-aminoacetophenone is a pheromone produced by virgin honeybee queens and released with feces. in small social groups, the pheromone repels and is used to terminate agonistic interactions between queens and workers.	1988	3350140
functional interaction between cerebratulus lacteus cytolysin a-iii and phospholipase a2. implications for the mechanism of cytolysis.	a study on the interaction between bee venom phospholipase a2 and cerebratulus lacteus cytolysin a-iii, a major hemolysin secreted by this organism has been carried out. the hemolytic activity of a-iii in phosphate-buffered saline is increased 5-fold in the presence of phospholipase a2 from bee venom. dansylphosphatidylethanolamine (dpe) labeled, phosphatidylcholine-containing liposomes and human erythrocyte membranes were employed to study the interaction between these two proteins. in dpe-lipo ...	1988	3360796
determinations of igg4 antibodies in treated hymenoptera sensitive patients.	hymenoptera therapy with honeybee venoms has been practiced for the past ten years. a variety of studies have evaluated the short term effects of this therapy. this study focuses on the long term effects using venom specific ige and igg4 determinations. results from the study indicate that after venom immunotherapy there is a rapid and prolonged rise in specific igg4. this continues for several years, but after four or five years the specific igg4 response seems to wane.	2007	3362104
estimation of heritability of learning behavior in honeybees (apis mellifera capensis).		1988	3365194
increasing duration of smoke exposure induces more severe lung injury in sheep.	eighteen sheep previously prepared for chronic study were divided into three groups of six animals each. these were given graded inhalation injury utilizing smoke obtained from burning cotton-toweling material. smoke was insufflated into animals with a modified bee smoker at temperatures less than 40 degrees c. group h, which received 64 breaths of smoke, showed the most pronounced changes in pulmonary function. the changes consisted mainly of a profound increase in lung lymph flow following a r ...	1988	3366733
high affinity receptors for the bee venom mcd peptide. quantitative autoradiographic localization at different stages of brain development and relationship with mcd neurotoxicity.	high densities of mcd receptors were found in the stratum radiatum of ammon's horn, the neocortex, the molecular layer of the cerebellum, colliculi and pons. conversely areas such as the stratum lacunosum moleculare of ammon's horn contained only low levels of mcd binding sites. the density of mcd receptors is low during the perinatal period and increases rapidly by postnatal day 10 with a decrease of the receptor affinity for mcd. the adult distribution of mcd receptors was reached at postnatal ...	1988	3370474
bias current modifies the selectivity of liquid membrane ion-selective microelectrodes.	a negative bias potential of up to -80 mv applied to the back of a liquid membrane ion-selective microelectrode containing classical "k+" ion-exchanger was found to make it more selective for millimolar concentrations of k+ over micromolar concentrations of choline, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium and 5-hydroxytryptamine. conversely, positive bias potential increased severalfold the sensitivity to micromolar concentrations of these ions while decreasing the sensitivity to k+. an increase ...	1988	3380648
bee disease prevention.		1988	3381433
decrease of ige-dependent platelet activation in hymenoptera hypersensitivity after specific rush desensitization.	a receptor for the fc fragment of ige on human platelets has been recently described, which mediated an ige-dependent activation in the presence of specific allergen. we investigated the allergen-induced activation of platelets from patients with hymenoptera hypersensitivity before and after specific rush desensitization. nineteen patients with a history of anaphylactic reactions were included (15 sensitive to yellow-jacket and four to honey-bee venom), fourteen/nineteen having experienced sever ...	1988	3383448
[isolation of modified allergens from bee venom].	to obtain modified bee venom (bv) allergens, covalent binding of bv with previously carboxylated polyethylene glycol (peg) has been used. the conjugation of bv and peg has been achieved by means of carbodiimide. thus 4 kinds of the conjugate with bv/peg ratio ranging from 30:1 to 63:1 have been obtained. the study has shown that chemical treatment in the process of this reaction, dialysis and chromatography does not lead to a decrease in the specific activity of bv, while lyophilization produces ...	1988	3389007
systemic reactions during maintenance immunotherapy with honey bee venom.	immunotherapy with hymenoptera venoms is safe and effective in most patients but treatment failures have been reported. five patients experienced systemic symptoms of anaphylaxis when they were in maintenance immunotherapy with honey bee venom. in one case, the patient presented a severe life-threatening reaction when stung by a honey bee. three others had the development of new clinical sensitivity suggesting a re-sensitization. this occurred in the fifth patient after a severe viral infection. ...	1988	3389573
[nutritional support for preoperative patients with esophageal cancer].	nutritional support for patients undergoing major operations seems to be very important for improving the operative results, especially in preoperative patients with conditions such as esophageal carcinoma. in our department, patients who have lost more than 10% of their normal weight have been given intravenous hyperalimentation for at least two weeks preoperatively to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications. however good responses to nutritional support were not always obtained in these ...	1988	3389828
histamine-binding lymphocytes as a measure of reactivity to bee venom.	reduced lymphocyte histamine-binding after in vitro exposure of whole blood samples to bee venom appears related to allergen reactivity. the reactivity demonstrated using this method matched the clinical findings and was used to monitor declining responses to allergen during desensitization therapy for hypersensitivity to bee venom. after successful desensitization to bee venom, patients' lymphocytes did not show decreased histamine binding following in vitro exposure to venom. we conclude that ...	1988	3391688
severe anaphylactic reactions outside hospital: etiology, symptoms and treatment.	twenty-seven patients with severe anaphylactic reactions were treated by two anesthesiologist-staffed ambulance helicopters during a 5-year period. all patients had signs of respiratory and/or circulatory failure. cutaneous symptoms were described in 70% of the patients, gastrointestinal symptoms in 30% and central nervous symptoms in 85%. wasp sting and drugs were the most common causes. other etiologies were bee sting, snakebite, nuts and exercise. all patients were provided with advanced pre- ...	1988	3394485
import of honeybee prepromelittin into the endoplasmic reticulum: energy requirements for membrane insertion.	the import of small precursor proteins, derived from the honeybee secretory protein prepromelittin, into dog pancreas microsomes is independent of signal recognition particle (srp) and docking protein, but requires that charged amino acids at the amino terminus of the mature part are counterbalanced by amino acids with the opposite charge at the carboxy terminus. the import pathway of such precursor proteins was resolved into two sequential steps: (i) binding of precursors to microsomes, and (ii ...	1988	3396536
temperature-dependent shift of fluorescence spectra without conformational changes in protein; studies of dipole relaxation in the melittin molecule.	when studying bee venom melittin in an ordered tetrameric form we found a shift of the fluorescence spectrum to a longer wavelength with a rise in temperature above 25 degrees c. the application of the methods of circular dichroism, temperature-perturbation difference spectrophotometry, gel filtration, ionic quenching and polarization of trp-19 fluorescence argues against the possibility of dissociation and change in conformation with the rise in temperature. the spectral shifts are, probably, c ...	1988	3401493
effect of tension on the rigor cross-bridge angle.	the effect of resting tension and external force on the rigor crossbridge angle was investigated in insect flight muscle (honeybee, apis mellifera). in the presence of resting tension, bridges were either perpendicular to the filament axis or tilted towards the m-line. in shortened, slack muscle, bridges remained perpendicular or were tilted towards the z-line. thus, the rigor bridge angle appears to depend on the state of the thick filament. with the thick filament under stress, the angle may b ...	1988	3407514
electrocardiographic changes following bee-sting anaphylaxis.		1988	3411592
basal metabolism of obese adolescents: inconsistent diet and exercise effects.	effects of 20 wk of diet-plus-behavior (db) therapy or exercise-plus-diet-plus-behavior (edb) therapy on changes in basal energy expenditure (bee) were studied in 36 obese male and female adolescents. bee was assessed by open-circuit spirometry and body composition by hydrostatic weighing. dietary restriction was based on the dietary-exchange program. behavioral treatment included record-keeping, stimulus-control, and reinforcement techniques. edb therapy included 50 min/d, 3 d/wk of aerobics. a ...	2012	3414571
use of short-chain cyclopentano-phosphatidylcholines to probe the mode of activation of phospholipase a2 from bovine pancreas and bee venom.	a great mystery in the mechanism of phospholipase a2 (pla2) and many other lipolytic enzymes is the "interfacial activation" induced by micellar but not monomeric substrates. equally mysterious is the lack of interfacial activation in bee venom pla2, as opposed to pla2s from pancreas and other sources. we have probed these problems using the conformationally restricted short-chain cyclopentano-analogues of diacylphosphatidylcholine (cp-dcnpc, all-trans isomer). in the reaction catalyzed by bovin ...	1988	3417654
the purification of acid phosphatase from honey bee venom (apis mellifica).	acid phosphatase from bee venom was purified by a combination of saturated ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. the final product which is a glycoprotein contained less than 0.1% phospholipase a2 or hyaluronidase activity and existed in two molecular weight (96,000 and 45,000) forms. acid phosphatase is a potent allergen, in bee venom allergic patients, which is capable of releasing histamine from sensitized human basophils and of inducing a wheal and ...	1987	3424390
bees perceive illusory colours induced by movement.	certain black-and-white patterns, when rotated at appropriate speeds, can create the artificial perception of hues. we report that this illusion is not confined to human vision, but is also perceived by an insect, the honeybee. the findings suggest that certain features underlying the processing of colour information are shared by man and bee.	1987	3424676
solid-phase synthesis of melittin: purification and functional characterization.	the main component of the honey bee venom, melittin, is a cationic polypeptide containing 26 amino acids. exposure of lipid bilayers to this peptide results in the formation of anion-selective channels with a variety of unit conductances. one of the possible causes for this heterogeneity in the conductance could be heterogeneity of the melittin preparation, and indeed, the existence of two prominent forms of naturally occurring melittin, differing only at the n-terminal amino group, has been doc ...	1987	3427031
characterization of bee venom and its main components by high-performance liquid chromatography.		1987	3429530
contracture induction by snake venom cardiotoxin in skeletal muscle from humans and rats.	contracture responses to cardiotoxin (ctx) from naja naja kaouthia venom were investigated in rat and human skeletal muscle of similar fiber type distribution to determine species differences in mechanism of action. rat diaphragm strips and human vastus lateralis preparations were directly stimulated in a tissue bath. the calcium dependence of toxin action, synergism between ctx and phospholipase a2 (pla2) activity and roles of na+ + k+-atpase activity and the sarcoplasmic reticulum ca2+ stores ...	1987	3433297
stimulation of ca2+-activated human platelet phospholipase a2 by diacylglycerol.	we examined the effect of diacylglycerol on ca2+-dependent phospholipase a2 from human platelets. phospholipase a2 was solubilized and partially purified to a stable form in the presence of n-octyl beta-d-glucopyranoside (octyl glucoside), and its enzymic activity was determined with sonicated 2.5 microm-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (arachidonoyl-pc) as substrate. phospholipase a2 activity was increased when diacylglycerol was incorporated into the substrate arachidonoy ...	1987	3435484
is it possible to use the honey bee adult as a bioindicator for the detection of pesticide residues in plants?	pesticide residues are usually determined by physical, chemical and biological methods. the simplicity and adaptability of bioassay methods have won their acceptance in the field of residue analysis. theoretically, any organism that is susceptible to a pesticide may be used for its bioassay in any environmental sample. this means that such organism may serve as a bioindicator for the detection of certain pollutants. the susceptibility of honey bees (apis melifera l.) to many insecticides commonl ...	2012	3448862
temporal summation and critical duration in bee photoreceptors: a comparison of measurement methods.	temporal summation of visual stimuli by single retinular cells in the compound eye of the bee melipona quadrifasciata were measured by three different methods. critical duration was best defined by interpolating intensity-duration response functions. measurement of responses to two types of equal-energy stimuli gave more precise evaluation of the degree of summation below the critical duration; single pulses produced an unexpected deviation from bloch's law.	1987	3452460
[tropilaelaps clareae (delfinado et baker)--a little known parasitic mite of the honey bee apis mellifera l].		1987	3454498
marking and recording of monopolar cells in the bee lamina.	monopolar cells in the lamina ganglionaris of the honeybee, apis mellifera, were marked individually for the first time and intracellular recordings made. the electrophysiological responses were mainly hyperpolarizing with peaks and descending plateaux; one specific cell gave depolarizing responses, sustained in uv, and phasic at other wavelengths. spectral sensitivity curves obtained by the spectral scanning method showed maximum sensitivity at 520 nm. three morphological cell types were encoun ...	1987	3455267
bee venom and chronic inflammatory disease.		1986	3462567
free concentrations of na, k, and cl in the retina of the honeybee drone: stimulus-induced redistribution and homeostasis.		1986	3468862
lack of responsiveness of beekeeper mononuclear cells to in vitro stimulation with pure bee venom.	lymphocyte proliferation activity after in vitro bee venom (bv) stimulation was examined in a group of patients allergic to bee stings and in a group of beekeepers. although the allergic patients responded strongly to increasing doses of bv, the beekeepers demonstrated no proliferative activity and an inability to produce interleukin-2 after bv stimulation. removal of adherent cells or various populations of suppressor cells, including t gamma cells and okt8 positive cells, did not influence the ...	1986	3487563
inhibition of complement activation by igg4 antibodies.	prolonged exposure to antigens may result in high igg4 antibody titres as was shown in a previous paper (aalberse et al., 1983b). in novice bee keepers, a shift in the igg1/igg4 ratio of the response against phospholipase-a (pla; a major component of bee venom) occurred. this resulted in an igg4-dominated response after approximately 2 years of bee-keeping experience. subject of the present study was the influence of relatively high concentrations of igg4 antibodies on the biological activity of ...	1986	3488859
bee sting-induced ocular changes.	a six-year-old boy was stung by a bee on his right cornea. a severe conjunctival injection, chemosis, marked corneal edema, and hyphema developed. a partially dislocated lens, partial iris atrophy, and cataract formation were subsequently noted. he was treated with systemic and topical corticosteroids. later, the subluxated cataract was removed through the pars plana approach.	1986	3490817
the supply of metabolic substrate from glia to photoreceptors in the retina of the honeybee drone.	1. the drone retina is composed essentially of only two types of cells: a population of identical photoreceptor cells occupying 38% of the volume is embedded in a syncytium of glia (called outer pigment cells). nearly all the mitochondria are in the photoreceptors. 2. a retinal slice consumes 18 microliter o2 (ml tissue)-1 min-1 in the dark for up to 6 h, even without exogenous substrate; in 6 h this would require the equivalent of 127 mm glucose in the photoreceptors or 8.7 mg glycogen (ml tiss ...	2012	3503929
immunological effects of honey bee (apis mellifera) venom using balb/c mice.	honey bee venom at concentrations up to 50 micrograms/ml was not toxic in vitro for unstimulated murine splenic lymphocytes, as assayed by tritiated thymidine incorporation. however, venom concentrations greater than 6 micrograms/ml significantly (p less than 0.01) inhibited concanavalin a (con a) simulation of murine lymphocytes. in contrast to this finding, the splenic lymphocytes from mice receiving 4 s.c. injections of honey been venom on alternate days were significantly (p less than 0.01) ...	1986	3520958
[phospholipases a2 from snake and bee venoms].		2012	3523621
common projection areas of 5-ht- and gaba-like immunoreactive fibers in the visual system of the honeybee.	the visual system of the honeybee contains gamma-aminobutyric acid-(gaba)-like and 5-hydroxytryptamine-(5-ht)-like immunoreactive tangential fibers of similar morphology. these tangential fibers belong to two different cell types, as revealed by a double labelling procedure on the same section with gaba- and 5-ht-antisera, raised in different animals. the common projection areas of both fiber types suggests a possible interaction of serotonergic and gabaergic pathways in an insect visual system.	1986	3530374
bee sting nephropathy in a transplant patient.		1986	3534070
[melittin: structure, properties, interaction with a membrane].	the paper is concerned with the analysis of the present data as to the structure and properties of melittin, a biologically active peptide of bee venom, able to be inserted spontaneously into the natural and synthetic membranes and to destruct cells in micromolar concentrations. this property is a result of the peptide structure peculiarities. attention is focused on the mechanism of melittin insertion into the phospholipid bilayer as well as on the possibility of its use to study the nature of ...	2015	3535191
altered plasma membrane phospholipid organization in plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes.	the intraerythrocytic development of the malaria parasite is accompanied by distinct morphological and biochemical changes in the host cell membrane, yet little is known about development-related alterations in the transbilayer organization of membrane phospholipids in parasitized cells. this question was examined in human red cells infected with plasmodium falciparum. normal red cells were infected with strain fcr3 or with clonal derivatives that either produce (k+) or do not produce (k-) knobb ...	1987	3542079
the action of various venoms on escherichia coli.	the antibacterial activity of honeybee venom (apis mellifera), three snake venoms (naja naja sputatrix, vipera russellii and crotalus adamanteus) and the polypeptide melittin was investigated against escherichia coli. minimum inhibitory concentration values, cell lysis and alterations in cell permeability were determined and action against e. coli was in the order: a. mellifera venom greater than melittin greater than n. naja sputatrix venom much greater than v. russellii venom greater than c. a ...	1986	3542922
characteristics of interneurons in the ocellar system of the honeybee.	intracellular recording and staining has revealed new aspects of the anatomy and physiology of ocellar interneurons in the honeybee (apis mellifera). homologous large first-order interneurons (l-neurons) from different individuals vary in structure as well as in their response to light. even the response patterns of one type of l-neuron may present a continuum from graded responses to spiking responses. the response depends on the state of the l-neuron and cannot be correlated with particular mo ...	2012	3545897
a survey of the concentrations of eleven metals in vaccines, allergenic extracts, toxoids, blood, blood derivatives and other biological products.	approximately 85 samples of injectable biological products regulated by the center for drugs and biologics of the united states food and drug administration were surveyed for the presence of 11 elements, namely aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, thallium and zinc, by flame and flameless methods of atomic absorption spectrometry and flame emission spectrometry. the range of products tested included whole blood, red cells, plasma, normal serum albumin, antihemop ...	1986	3558419
nucleotide sequence of the large ribosomal rna of honeybee mitochondria.		1987	3562231
influence of cationic amphiphilic drugs on the phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis by phospholipase a2.	on chronic treatment certain amphiphilic drugs induce a generalized phospholipidosis. this drug side effect has been related to an inhibition of the lysosomal phospholipases due to the interaction of the drugs with phospholipids (pl). in the present experiments, the influence of the amphiphilic drugs ambroxol, imipramine, chloroquine and chlorphentermine on the hydrolysis of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (dppc) unilamellar liposomes by bee venom phospholipase a2 (plase a2) was studied. special ...	1987	3566802
osmotic properties of human erythrocytes treated by phospholipase a2 from bee venom.	during treatment of human red cells with phospholipase a2 from bee venom, a linear increase of the mcv and of the osmotic fragility occurs in parallel with the cleavage of the accessible phospholipids. however, even after maximal hydrolysis, i.e. degradation of up to 65% of the phosphatidylcholines and up to 6% of the phosphatidyl-ethanolamines, almost no haemolysis is observed and the median corpuscular fragility is only 7% higher than that of control cells incubated without enzyme. addition of ...	1987	3567090
anatomical and physiological properties of feedback neurons of the mushroom bodies in the bee brain.	"feedback neurons" in the bee's mushroom body were recorded from and filled iontophoretically with either lucifer yellow or cobalt-hexammino-chloride (iii). the neurons have complex shapes arborizing in one, or sometimes two layers of the alpha-lobe, and sometimes in the beta-lobe and pedunculus. their axons project via the protocerebral-calycal-tract into the calyx lip and collar zones, ending as blebbed processes. additionally these neurons also project around the alpha-lobe into the protocere ...	1987	3582581
immune response to bee venom. ii. quantitation of the absolute amounts of ige and igg antibodies by saturation analysis.	we have measured in allergic and non-allergic beekeepers ige and igg antibodies to the bee venom allergens, phospholipase a2 (pla2) and hyaluronidase (hyal), by the radioallergosorbent test (rast) and a 125i-radiolabelled antigen-binding assay. the absolute amount of igg antibody in a reference serum was determined by saturation analysis using 125i-radiolabelled pla2 and hyal. using monoclonal anti-ige coated microtitre plates, the absolute amount of ige antibody to the same antigen was also det ...	1987	3583409
combination of passive and active immunization in honeybee venom immunotherapy.	immunotherapy with honeybee venom (hbv) is effective under optimal conditions, but many untoward systemic reactions are observed when venom doses are increased, especially with rush protocols. although there were large interpatient variations, the levels of serum been venom specific igg were found to significantly correlate with the protection of the allergic patients. a double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out to determine whether passive immunization with fractionated igg from a ...	1987	3584749
roles of individual honeybee workers and drones in colonial thermogenesis.	the individual roles of honeybee workers and drones in heat regulation were investigated using single combs of bees and brood (about 1,000 individuals) placed in boxes at 15 degrees c. after 1 h and before cluster formation, i measured the elevation of bee thoracic surface temperature (tths) above local ambient temperature (ta). bees were then left overnight at 15 degrees c. during the preclustering period, the density of bees over the brood slowly increased. in the clusters left overnight, bees ...	1987	3585245
detailed igg and ige antibody patterns during immunotherapy with honey bee venom.	fourteen patients with a known honey bee venom (hbv) allergy were followed during 1-2 years of immunotherapy. hbv-specific igg antibody levels increased in all patients but one. hbv-specific ige antibodies decreased slightly during the first year of therapy. the ratio hbv-specific igg-/ige showed a marked increase during the first year for most of the patients, and a further increase during the second year in the four patients followed that long. as could be expected an increased radiostaining w ...	1987	3592146
elevated malonyldialdehyde levels, altered membrane lipid asymmetry, and hypercoagulability of erythrocytes from newborn infants.	this study has examined membrane lipid peroxidative damage, phospholipid (pl) organization, and coagulability of red blood cells (rbc) of newborns (n) and adults (a). peroxidative lipid damage was assessed by quantitating malonyldialdehyde (mda) by thiobarbituric acid-reactivity and by lipid extract fluorescence. membrane pl organization was detected by bee venom phospholipase-a2 (plase) treatment, which specifically hydrolyzes outer bilayer phosphatidylserine (ps), phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) ...	1987	3593300
effects of bee venom melittin on the order and dynamics of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles.	the effects of bee venom melittin on the order and dynamics of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles at a protein-to-lipid molar ratio of 1:60 have been investigated by employing the techniques of nanosecond emission anisotropy with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as the fluorescent probe, enhancement by polar groups of the weakly allowed 0-0 vibronic transition in the fluorescence spectrum of pyrene, and raman spectroscopy. the emission anisotropy results, which ar ...	1987	3593710