Publications

feeding preferences of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae), the sand fly vector, for leishmania infantum (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae).	leishmania infantum, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in brazil, is spread mostly by the bite of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva). we trapped sand flies in endemic neighborhoods near natal, brazil, where cases of human and dog vl were documented. amplification of species-specific cytochrome b (cyt b) genes by polymerase chain reaction revealed that sand flies from rural and periurban areas harbored blood from different sources. the most common source ofbloodmea ...	0	24605474
identifying vaccine targets for anti-leishmanial vaccine development.	leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease spread by an arthropod vector. it remains a significant health problem with an incidence of 0.2–0.4 million visceral leishmaniasis and 0.7–1.2 million cutaneous leishmaniasis cases each year. there are limitations associated with the current therapeutic regimens for leishmaniasis and the fact that after recovery from infection the host becomes immune to subsequent infection therefore, these factors force the feasibility of a vaccine for leishmaniasis ...	0	24606556
stingray: system for integrated genomic resources and analysis.	the stingray system has been conceived to ease the tasks of integrating, analyzing, annotating and presenting genomic and expression data from sanger and next generation sequencing (ngs) platforms.	2014	24606808
synthetic sex pheromone in a long-lasting lure attracts the visceral leishmaniasis vector, lutzomyia longipalpis, for up to 12 weeks in brazil.	current control methodologies have not prevented the spread of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) across brazil. here, we describe the development of a new tool for controlling the sand fly vector of the disease: a long-lasting lure, which releases a synthetic male sex pheromone, attractive to both sexes of lutzomyia longipalpis. this device could be used to improve the effectiveness of residual insecticide spraying as a means of sand fly control, attracting l. longipalpis to insecticide-treated animal ...	2014	24651528
[expansion of the distribution of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) (diptera: psychodidae) in the department of caldas: increased risk of visceral leishmaniasis].	diverse taxonomical and molecular studies suggest that lutzomyia longipalpis , main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in latin america, is a complex of species widely distributed throughout the continent and adapted to different habitats.	2014	24652141
transcriptional activation of antioxidants may compensate for selenoprotein deficiencies in amblyomma maculatum (acari: ixodidae) injected with selk- or selm-dsrna.	the gulf-coast tick, amblyomma maculatum, possesses an elaborate set of selenoproteins, which prevent the deleterious effects from oxidative stress that would otherwise occur during feeding. in the current work, we examined the role of selenoprotein k (selk) and selenoprotein m (selm) in feeding a. maculatum by bioinformatics, transcriptional gene expression, rna interference and antioxidant assays. the transcriptional expression of selk did not vary significantly in salivary glands or midguts t ...	2014	24698418
characterization of guinea pig antibody responses to salivary proteins of triatoma infestans for the development of a triatomine exposure marker.	salivary proteins of triatoma infestans elicit humoral immune responses in their vertebrate hosts. these immune responses indicate exposure to triatomines and thus can be a useful epidemiological tool to estimate triatomine infestation. in the present study, we analyzed antibody responses of guinea pigs to salivary antigens of different developmental stages of four t. infestans strains originating from domestic and/or peridomestic habitats in argentina, bolivia, chile and peru. we aimed to ident ...	2014	24699441
an infectious topic in reticulate evolution: introgression and hybridization in animal parasites.	little attention has been given to the role that introgression and hybridization have played in the evolution of parasites. most studies are host-centric and ask if the hybrid of a free-living species is more or less susceptible to parasite infection. here we focus on what is known about how introgression and hybridization have influenced the evolution of protozoan and helminth parasites of animals. there are reports of genome or gene introgression from distantly related taxa into apicomplexans ...	2010	24710013
catalogue of the type material of phlebotominae (diptera, psychodidae) deposited in the instituto evandro chagas, brazil.	the available type material of phlebotominae (diptera, psychodidae) deposited in the "coleção de flebotomíneos" of the instituto evandro chagas (colfleb iec) is now presented in an annotated catalogue comprising a total of 121 type specimens belonging to 12 species as follow: nyssomyia richardwardi (2 female paratypes), nyssomyia shawi (9 male and 25 female paratypes), nyssomyia umbratilis (female holotype and 1 female paratype), nyssomyia yuilli yuilli (1 male and 1 female paratypes), pintomyia ...	2014	24715786
epidemiological survey of lutzomyia longipalpis infected by leishmania infantum in an endemic area of brazil.	the objective of this study was to perform an epidemiological survey to determine the areas at risk of visceral leishmaniasis through the detection and quantification of natural infection by leishmania infantum in lutzomyia longipalpis. the sandflies were captured between february 2009 and january 2010, at 21 sites in four regions of the fortaleza municipality. samples were screened for the presence of leishmania dna by real time pcr (qpcr), amplification of kdna minicircle sequence. out of the ...	2014	24728361
epidemiological aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in jaciara, mato grosso, brazil, 2003 to 2012.	visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is caused by leishmania (l.) infantum chagasi in the americas. in brazil, it is transmitted by sandflies of the species lutzomyia longipalpis and l. cruzi, and dogs are the main domestic reservoirs. the aim of this study was to analyze data relating to vl transmission in jaciara, state of mato grosso, and discuss vector distribution, domestic reservoirs, and human cases that occurred between 2003 and 2012. the data for analysis were obtained from the notifiable diseas ...	2014	24728362
a listeria monocytogenes-based vaccine that secretes sand fly salivary protein ljm11 confers long-term protection against vector-transmitted leishmania major.	cutaneous leishmaniasis is a sand fly-transmitted disease characterized by skin ulcers that carry significant scarring and social stigmatization. over the past years, there has been cumulative evidence that immunity to specific sand fly salivary proteins confers a significant level of protection against leishmaniasis. in this study, we used an attenuated strain of listeria monocytogenes as a vaccine expression system for ljm11, a sand fly salivary protein identified as a good vaccine candidate. ...	2014	24733091
morphological changes in the bone marrow of the dogs with visceral leishmaniasis.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the most frequent lesions in the bone marrow of dogs naturally infected by leishmania (leishmania) chagasi. thirty-three dogs sacrificed at the zoonosis control center of araçatuba, a municipality endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (vl), were used. the animals were classified as asymptomatic, oligosymptomatic, and symptomatic groups. at the necropsy, bone marrow samples were collected from the femur, fixed, processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. ...	2014	24744957
characterization of the early inflammatory infiltrate at the feeding site of infected sand flies in mice protected from vector-transmitted leishmania major by exposure to uninfected bites.	mice exposed to sand fly saliva are protected against vector-transmitted leishmania major. although protection has been related to ifn-γ producing t cells, the early inflammatory response orchestrating this outcome has not been defined.	2014	24762408
an investigation into the protein composition of the teneral glossina morsitans morsitans peritrophic matrix.	tsetse flies serve as biological vectors for several species of african trypanosomes. in order to survive, proliferate and establish a midgut infection, trypanosomes must cross the tsetse fly peritrophic matrix (pm), which is an acellular gut lining surrounding the blood meal. crossing of this multi-layered structure occurs at least twice during parasite migration and development, but the mechanism of how trypanosomes do so is not understood. in order to better comprehend the molecular events su ...	2014	24763256
establishment and characterization of an embryonic cell line from sarconesiopsis magellanica.	sarconesiopsis magellanica (le guillou) (diptera: calliphoridae) is a necrophagous fly that is important in both human and veterinary medicines. this insect has been registered in colombia as a biological indicator in estimating post-mortem interval. insect cell cultures are an important biotechnological tool for basic and applied studies, and cell cultures derived from s. magellanica embryonic tissues are described in this study. s. magellanica embryonated eggs were taken for tissue explants. t ...	0	24766352
a potential link among antioxidant enzymes, histopathology and trace elements in canine visceral leishmaniasis.	canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) is a severe and fatal systemic chronic inflammatory disease. we investigated the alterations in, and potential associations among, antioxidant enzymes, trace elements and histopathology in cvl. blood and tissue levels of cu-zn superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in mixed-breed dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum chagasi, symptomatic (n = 19) and asymptomatic (n = 11). serum levels of copper, iron, zinc, selenium ...	2014	24766461
polymerase chain reaction-based assay for the detection and identification of sand fly gregarines in lutzomyia longipalpis, a vector of visceral leishmaniasis.	gregarines that parasitise phlebotomine sand flies belong to the genus psychodiella and, even though they are highly host-specific, only five species have been described to date. their most outstanding features include the unique localisation of the oocysts in the accessory glands of the female host, which ensures contamination of the egg surface during oviposition, and the fact that they naturally parasitise the vectors of leishmania, causal agent of leishmaniasis. the type species, ps. chagasi ...	2014	24820560
orientation of colonized sand flies phlebotomus papatasi, p. duboscqi, and lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) to diverse honeys using a 3-chamber in-line olfactometer.	a 3-chamber in-line olfactometer designed for use with sand flies is described and tested as a high-throughput method to screen honeys for attractiveness to phlebotomus papatasi (four geographic isolates), p. duboscqi (two geographic isolates), and lutzomyia longipalpis maintained in colonies at the walter reed army institute of research. a diversity of unifloral honey odors were evaluated as a proxy for the natural floral odors that sand flies may use in orientation to floral sugar sources in t ...	2014	24820561
identification of blood meal sources of lutzomyia longipalpis using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the cytochrome b gene.	an analysis of the dietary content of haematophagous insects can provide important information about the transmission networks of certain zoonoses. the present study evaluated the potential of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene to differentiate between vertebrate species that were identified as possible sources of sandfly meals. the complete cytb gene sequences of 11 vertebrate species available in ...	2014	24821056
epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis.	leishmania species are the causative agents of leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease. these parasitic protozoans are usually transmitted between vertebrate hosts by the bite of blood sucking female phlebotomine sand flies. this review focuses on the two parasites causing most human visceral leishmaniasis (vl), which leads to substantial health problems or death for up to 400,000 people per year. except for travel cases, leishmania donovani infections are restricted to the (sub-)tropics of ...	2014	24833919
ecological and epidemiological aspects of the sand fly (diptera, psychodidae) fauna of the national monument of pontões capixabas, state of espírito santo, southeastern brazil.	we evaluated the ecological and epidemiological aspects of the sand fly fauna in an area of the atlantic forest biome with records of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. sand fly collections at three different localities at the national monument of pontões capixabas, state of espírito santo, southeastern brazil, were conducted by using two centers of disease control and prevention automatic light traps in the peridomiciliary environment and eight centers of disease control and prevention autom ...	2013	24843925
discovery and evolution of bunyavirids in arctic phantom midges and ancient bunyavirid-like sequences in insect genomes.	bunyaviridae is a large family of rna viruses chiefly comprised of vertebrate and plant pathogens. we discovered novel bunyavirids that are approximately equally divergent from each of the five known genera. we characterized novel genome sequences for two bunyavirids, namely, kigluaik phantom virus (kigv), from tundra-native phantom midges (chaoborus), and nome phantom virus (nomv), from tundra-invading phantom midges, and demonstrated that these bunyavirid-like sequences belong to an infectious ...	2014	24850747
the characterization of the fat bodies and oenocytes in the adult females of the sand fly vectors lutzomyia longipalpis and phlebotomus papatasi.	the fat body (fb) is responsible for the storage and synthesis of the majority of proteins and metabolites secreted into the hemolymph. oenocytes are responsible for lipid processing and detoxification. the fb is distributed throughout the insect body cavity and organized as peripheral and perivisceral portions in the abdomen, with trophocytes and oenocytes attached to the peripheral portion. here, we investigated the morphology and the subcellular changes in the peripheral and perivisceral fbs ...	2014	24863740
expansion of visceral leishmaniasis in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil: report of the first autochthonous case in the municipality of volta redonda and the difficulty of diagnosis.	visceral leishmaniasis has been showing remarkable epidemiological changes in recent decades, with marked expansion and an emergence of cases in urban areas of the north, southeast and midwest regions of brazil. the kala-azar cases reported here, despite being very characteristic, presented a great difficulty of diagnosis, because the disease is not endemic in volta redonda. the child underwent two hospitalizations in different hospitals, but got the correct diagnosis only after 11 months of sym ...	0	24879008
anopheles darlingi (diptera: culicidae) displays increased attractiveness to infected individuals with plasmodium vivax gametocytes.	most hematophagous insects use host odours as chemical cues. the odour components, some physiological parameters and host attractiveness are affected by several conditions, including infection by parasites, e.g., plasmodia and, therefore, change the epidemiological scenario. this study evaluated the attractiveness of individuals with vivax malaria before, during (7 days) and after treatment (14 days) with specific antimalarial drugs.	2014	24885914
humoral responses in rhodnius prolixus: bacterial feeding induces differential patterns of antibacterial activity and enhances mrna levels of antimicrobial peptides in the midgut.	the triatomine, rhodnius prolixus, is a major vector of trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas disease in latin america. it has a strictly blood-sucking habit in all life stages, ingesting large amounts of blood from vertebrate hosts from which it can acquire pathogenic microorganisms. in this context, the production of antimicrobial peptides (amps) in the midgut of the insect is vital to control possible infection, and to maintain the microbiota already present in the digestive tract.	2014	24885969
ecological aspects of the phlebotominae fauna (diptera: psychodidae) in the xakriabá indigenous reserve, brazil.	sand fly collections were performed to study ecological aspects of the phlebotominae fauna of the xakriabá indigenous reserve, an area with endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis, located in the state of minas gerais, brazil.	2014	24886717
spatial distribution and environmental factors associated to phlebotomine fauna in a border area of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in mato grosso do sul, brazil.	mato grosso do sul has been undergoing a process of urbanization which results in loss of native vegetation. this withdrawal makes vectors of man and domestic animals closer, causing changes in the epidemiology of diseases such as american visceral leishmaniasis. the aim of the study was to evaluate the phlebotomine fauna and environmental issues related to the transmission of avl in ponta porã, mato grosso do sul, between 2009 and 2010.	2014	24898032
countermeasure development for rift valley fever: deletion, modification or targeting of major virulence factor nss.	rift valley fever (rvf) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease characterized by a high rate of abortion in ruminants, and febrile illness, hemorrhagic fever, retinitis and encephalitis in humans. rvf is caused by the rvf virus (rvfv), belonging to the genus phlebovirus of the family bunyaviridae. rvfv encodes a major virulence factor, nss, which is dispensable for viral replication, yet required for evasion of host innate immune responses. rvfv nss inhibits host gene upregulation at the transcript ...	0	24910709
differential roles of an anopheline midgut gpi-anchored protein in mediating plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax ookinete invasion.	novel strategies to directly thwart malaria transmission are needed to maintain the gains achieved by current control measures. transmission-blocking interventions (tbis), namely vaccines and drugs targeting parasite or mosquito molecules required for vector-stage parasite development, have been recognized as promising approaches for preventing malaria transmission. however, the number of tbi targets is limited and their degree of conservation among the major vector-parasite systems causing huma ...	2014	24929123
effects of temperature and photoperiod on daily activity rhythms of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).	insect vectors have been established as models in chronobiology for many decades, and recent studies have demonstrated a close relationship between the circadian clock machinery, daily rhythms of activity and vectorial capacity. lutzomyia longipalpis, the primary vector of leishmania (leishmania) infantum in the new world, is reported to have crepuscular/nocturnal activity in the wild. however, most of these studies applied hourly cdc trap captures, which is a good indicative of l. longipalpis b ...	2014	24947114
the salivary secretome of the biting midge, culicoides sonorensis.	culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are hematophagous insects with over 1400 species distributed throughout the world. many of these species are of particular agricultural importance as primary vectors of bluetongue and schmallenberg viruses, yet little is known about culicoides genomics and proteomics. detailed studies of members from other blood-feeding dipteran families, including those of mosquito (culicidae) and black fly (simuliidae), have shown that protein components with ...	2014	24949243
effects of insemination and blood-feeding on locomotor activity of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) females under laboratory conditions.	dengue is an arbovirus disease transmitted by two aedes mosquitoes: ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus. virgin females of these two species generally show a bimodal and diurnal pattern of activity, with early morning and late afternoon peaks. although some studies on the flight activity of virgin, inseminated and blood-fed ae. aegypti females have been carried out under laboratory conditions, little is known about the effects of such physiological states on the locomotor activity of ae. albopictus a ...	2014	24990394
a comparison of molecular markers to detect lutzomyia longipalpis naturally infected with leishmania (leishmania) infantum.	the aim of the present study was to detect natural infection by leishmania (leishmania) infantum in lutzomyia longipalpis captured in barcarena, state of pará, brazil, through the use of three primer sets. with this approach, it is unnecessary to previously dissect the sandfly specimens. dna of 280 lu. longipalpis female specimens were extracted from the whole insects. pcr primers for kinetoplast minicircle dna (kdna), the mini-exon gene and the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu-rrna) gene of lei ...	2014	25004147
sex and rhythms in sandflies and mosquitoes: an appreciation of the work of alexandre afranio peixoto (1963-2013).	i will briefly discuss the work of alexandre a. peixoto on sandflies and mosquitoes, focusing initially on his contributions to the population biology and phylogenetics of brazilian populations of these important hematophagous insects. i shall also review some of his work on the underlying molecular clocks that mediate rhythmic behaviour and physiology in these species.	2014	25046172
transmission potential of antimony-resistant leishmania field isolates.	we studied the development of antimony-resistant leishmania infantum in natural vectors lutzomyia longipalpis and phlebotomus perniciosus to ascertain the risk of parasite transmission by sand flies. all three resistant strains produced fully mature late-stage infections in sand flies; moreover, the resistant phenotype was maintained after the passage through the vector. these results highlight the risk of circulation of resistant leishmania strains and question the use of human drugs for treatm ...	2014	25049256
traditional uses, chemical constituents, and biological activities of bixa orellana l.: a review.	bixa orellana l., popularly known as "urucum," has been used by indigenous communities in brazil and other tropical countries for several biological applications, which indicates its potential use as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical products. the aim of this work was to report the main evidence found in the literature, concerning the ethnopharmacology, the biological activity, and the phytochemistry studies related to bixa orellana l. therefore, this work comprises a systematic review abou ...	2014	25050404
colonisation resistance in the sand fly gut: leishmania protects lutzomyia longipalpis from bacterial infection.	phlebotomine sand flies transmit the haemoflagellate leishmania, the causative agent of human leishmaniasis. the leishmania promastigotes are confined to the gut lumen and are exposed to the gut microbiota within female sand flies. here we study the colonisation resistance of yeast and bacteria in preventing the establishment of a leishmania population in sand flies and the ability of leishmania to provide colonisation resistance towards the insect bacterial pathogen serratia marcescens that is ...	2014	25051919
detection of leishmania infantum in lutzomyia longipalpis captured in campo grande, ms.	leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania (ross, 1903) and is the focus of considerable attention in human and veterinary medicine. in the city of campo grande, ms, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis is leishmania infantum (= l. chagasi) primary vector, comprising approximately 92.9% of the local sandfly population, is lutzomyia longipalpis. the aim of this work was to compare real-time pcr with pcr as a tool for the detection of the kinetoplast dn ...	2014	25054512
the first canine visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in campinas, state of são paulo southeastern brazil.	early detection of american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) outbreak in animals is crucial for controlling this disease in non-endemic areas.	2014	25075492
incipient colonisation of lutzomyia longipalpis in the city of resistencia, province of chaco, argentina (2010-2012).	lutzomyia longipalpis was recorded for the first time in argentina in 2004, in the province of formosa. in the following years, the vector spread to the south and west in the country and was recorded in the province of chaco in 2010. from november 2010-may 2012, captures of phlebotominae were made in the city of resistencia and its surroundings, to monitor the spread and possible colonisation of lu. longipalpis in the province of chaco. in this monitoring, lu. longipalpis was absent in urban sam ...	0	25075787
participation of ticks in the infectious cycle of canine visceral leishmaniasis, in teresina, piauí, brazil.	in this study, we detected leishmania spp. infection in r. sanguineus collected from dogs that were naturally infected with l. (l.) infantum. we examined 35 dogs of both sexes and unknown ages. the infected dogs were serologically positive by the immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and quick test-dpp (dual path platform), as well as parasitological examination of a positive skin biopsy or sternal bone marrow aspiration. ten negative dogs were inclu ...	0	25076429
what's behind a sand fly bite? the profound effect of sand fly saliva on host hemostasis, inflammation and immunity.	sand flies are blood-feeding insects and vectors of the leishmania parasite. for many years, saliva of these insects has represented a gold mine for the discovery of molecules with anti-hemostatic and immuno-modulatory activities. furthermore, proteins in sand fly saliva have been shown to be a potential vaccine against leishmaniasis and also markers of vector exposure. a bottleneck to progress in these areas of research has been the identification of molecules responsible for the observed activ ...	2014	25117872
effects of azadirachtin on the biology of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) adult female, the main vector of american visceral leishmaniasis.	the effects of azadirachtin a added to the sucrose diet of the adult females on the mortality, oviposition, and hatching of the sand fly vector of american visceral leishmaniasis lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) were investigated. concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 microg/mg of azadirachtin significantly increased insect mortality in comparison with control insects. the same dose also significantly reduced oviposition but not hatching. after a long development period, significantly f ...	2014	25118426
spatiotemporal analysis of sandfly fauna (diptera: psychodidae) in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis at pantanal, central south america.	environmental changes caused by urbanization can cause alterations in the ecology and behavior of sandflies and in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis. geotechnological tools allow the analysis and recognition of spatiotemporal patterns by monitoring and mapping risk areas of this vector-borne disease. this study aims to describe the sandfly fauna in the municipality of corumbá and to compare it with the data described in a three-year period from 1984 to 1986 by galati. a further aim was to analyz ...	2014	25128480
expression pattern of glycoside hydrolase genes in lutzomyia longipalpis reveals key enzymes involved in larval digestion.	the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis is the most important vector of american visceral leishmaniasis. adults are phytophagous (males and females) or blood feeders (females only), and larvae feed on solid detritus. digestion in sand fly larvae has scarcely been studied, but some glycosidase activities putatively involved in microorganism digestion were already described. nevertheless, the molecular nature of these enzymes, as the corresponding genes and transcripts, were not explored yet. catabolis ...	2014	25140153
vector saliva in vaccines for visceral leishmaniasis: a brief encounter of high consequence?	visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a vector-borne disease transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and remains the most serious form of the disease with no available human vaccine. repeatedly, studies have demonstrated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a number of sand fly salivary proteins against cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. all leishmania species including agents of vl are co-deposited into the skin together with vector saliva. generally, the immune response to a protective sal ...	2014	25152872
occurrence of two autochthonous cases of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the neighborhood of caju, city of rio de janeiro, brazil.	american cutaneous leishmaniasis is in full geographic expansion in brazil and it is considered among the infectious and parasitic diseases of utmost importance worldwide, not only by its frequency, but mainly by therapeutic difficulties, deformities and sequelae that may result. in the state of rio de janeiro, the first autochthonous case of american cutaneous leishmaniasis was registered by rabello in 1913. the authors report two cases of the disease in the region around the cemetery são franc ...	0	25184938
first evidence of intraclonal genetic exchange in trypanosomatids using two leishmania infantum fluorescent transgenic clones.	the mode of reproduction in leishmania spp has been argued to be essentially clonal. however, recent data (genetic analysis of populations and co-infections in sand flies) have proposed the existence of a non-obligate sexual cycle in the extracellular stage of the parasite within the sand fly vector. in this article we propose the existence of intraclonal genetic exchange in the natural vector of leishmania infantum.	2014	25188587
expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages inversely correlates with parasitism of lymphoid tissues in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis.	there are only a few studies reporting the role of nitric oxide metabolites for controlling macrophage intracellular parasitism, and these are controversial. therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) in the lymph nodes and spleen of dogs affected by visceral leishmaniasis through immunohistochemistry and to determine its correlation with tissue parasite burden and serum interferon (ifn)-γ levels. twenty-eight dogs were selected and as ...	2014	25195062
visceral leishmaniasis: advancements in vaccine development via classical and molecular approaches.	visceral leishmaniasis (vl) or kala-azar, a vector-borne protozoan disease, shows endemicity in larger areas of the tropical, subtropical and the mediterranean countries. who report suggested that an annual incidence of vl is nearly 200,000 to 400,000 cases, resulting in 20,000 to 30,000 deaths per year. treatment with available anti-leishmanial drugs are not cost effective, with varied efficacies and higher relapse rate, which poses a major challenge to current kala-azar control program in indi ...	2014	25202307
evidence for a lectin specific for sulfated glycans in the salivary gland of the malaria vector, anopheles gambiae.	salivary gland homogenate (sgh) from the female mosquitoes anopheles gambiae, an. stephensi, an. freeborni, an. dirus and an. albimanus were found to exhibit hemagglutinating (lectin) activity. lectin activity was not found for male an. gambiae, or female ae aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, phlebotomus duboscqi, and lutzomyia longipalpis. with respect to species-specificity, an. gambiae sgh agglutinates red blood cells (rbc) from humans, horse, sheep, goat, pig, and cow; it is less active for ra ...	2014	25207644
cultivation of parasites.	parasite cultivation techniques constitute a substantial segment of present-day study of parasites, especially of protozoa. success in establishing in vitro and in vivo culture of parasites not only allows their physiology, behavior and metabolism to be studied dynamically, but also allows the nature of the antigenic molecules in the excretory and secretory products to be vigorously pursued and analyzed. the complex life-cycles of various parasites having different stages and host species requir ...	0	25250227
ecology of lutzomyia longipalpis and lutzomyia migonei in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis.	the main vector for visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in brazil is lutzomyia longipalpis. however, the absence of l. longipalpis in a region of autochthonous vl demonstrates the participation of other species in the transmission of the parasite. studies conducted in la banda, argentina, and são vicente férrer, pernambuco state, brazil, have correlated the absence of l. longipalpis and the presence of l. migonei with autochthonous cases of vl. in são vicente férrer, pernambuco, there was evidence for t ...	2016	25271451
meta-analysis of the effects of insect vector saliva on host immune responses and infection of vector-transmitted pathogens: a focus on leishmaniasis.	a meta-analysis of the effects of vector saliva on the immune response and progression of vector-transmitted disease, specifically with regard to pathology, infection level, and host cytokine levels was conducted. infection in the absence or presence of saliva in naïve mice was compared. in addition, infection in mice pre-exposed to uninfected vector saliva was compared to infection in unexposed mice. to control for differences in vector and pathogen species, mouse strain, and experimental desig ...	2014	25275509
stage-specific differential gene expression in leishmania infantum: from the foregut of phlebotomus perniciosus to the human phagocyte.	leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of zoonotical visceral leishmaniasis in the mediterranean basin. a recent outbreak in humans has been recently reported in central spain. leishmania spp. parasites are transmitted to the mammalian host by the bite of sand flies. the primary vector of l. infantum in spain is phlebotomus perniciosus. for decades, research on these parasites has involved the axenic culture model of the promastigote stage including gene expression profiling studies perfor ...	2014	25281593
ige anti-ljm11 sand fly salivary antigen may herald the onset of fogo selvagem in endemic brazilian regions.		2014	25285921
canine visceral leishmaniasis in an urban setting of southeastern brazil: an ecological study involving spatial analysis.	the physical characteristics of the environment influence the composition, distribution and behavior of the vectors and mammalian hosts involved in the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), thereby affecting the epidemiology of the disease. in brazil, urbanization of human vl is a recent phenomenon and represents an issue of particular concern to local health authorities. the present study aimed to establish the degree of spatial dependency between canine and human vl in the municipality ...	2014	25326767
the α1,6-fucosyltransferase gene (fut8) from the sf9 lepidopteran insect cell line: insights into fut8 evolution.	the core alpha1,6-fucosyltransferase (fut8) catalyzes the transfer of a fucosyl moiety from gdp-fucose to the innermost asparagine-linked n-acetylglucosamine residue of glycoproteins. in mammals, this glycosylation has an important function in many fundamental biological processes and although no essential role has been demonstrated yet in all animals, fut8 amino acid (aa) sequence and fut8 activity are very well conserved throughout the animal kingdom. we have cloned the cdna and the complete g ...	2014	25333276
phlebotomine fauna, natural infection rate and feeding habits of lutzomyia cruzi in jaciara, state of mato grosso, brazil.	visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in brazil is transmitted by the phlebotomine lutzomyia longipalpis and in some midwestern regions by lutzomyia cruzi. studies of the phlebotomine fauna, feeding habits and natural infection rate by leishmania contribute to increased understanding of the epidemiological chain of leishmaniases and their vectorial capacity. collections were performed in jaciara, state of mato grosso from 2010-2013, during which time 2,011 phlebotomines (23 species) were captured (68.70% ...	2014	25338156
effects of nutritional components on aging.	nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals regulate various physiological processes and are essential for the survival of organisms. reduced overall caloric intake delays aging in various organisms. however, the role of each nutritional component in the regulation of lifespan is not well established. in this review, we describe recent studies focused on the regulatory role of each type of nutrient in aging. moreover, we will discuss how the amount or composition ...	2014	25339542
multiorganismal insects: diversity and function of resident microorganisms.	all insects are colonized by microorganisms on the insect exoskeleton, in the gut and hemocoel, and within insect cells. the insect microbiota is generally different from microorganisms in the external environment, including ingested food. specifically, certain microbial taxa are favored by the conditions and resources in the insect habitat, by their tolerance of insect immunity, and by specific mechanisms for their transmission. the resident microorganisms can promote insect fitness by contribu ...	2014	25341109
host modulation by a parasite: how leishmania infantum modifies the intestinal environment of lutzomyia longipalpis to favor its development.	some reports have described the interference of leishmania on sand flies physiology, and such behavior most likely evolved to favor the development and transmission of the parasite. most of these studies showed that leishmania could modulate the level of proteases in the midgut after an infective blood meal, and decreased proteolytic activity is indeed beneficial for the development of promastigotes in the gut of sand flies. in the present study, we performed a detailed investigation of the inte ...	2014	25365351
purification and characterization of midgut α-amylase in a predatory bug, andralus spinidens.	α-amylases are widespread enzymes that catalyze endohydrolysis of long α-1,4-glucan chains such as starch and glycogen. the highest amylolytic activity was found in 5th instar nymphs and midgut of the predatory bug, andrallus spinidens f. (hemiptera: pentatomidae). the α-amylase was purified following a three-step procedure. the purified α-amylase had a specific activity of 13.46 u/mg protein, recovery of 4.21, purification fold of 13.87, and molecular weight of 21.3 kda. the enzyme had optimal ...	2014	25373212
cross-species genetic exchange between visceral and cutaneous strains of leishmania in the sand fly vector.	genetic exchange between leishmania major strains during their development in the sand fly vector has been experimentally shown. to investigate the possibility of genetic exchange between different leishmania species, a cutaneous strain of l. major and a visceral strain of leishmania infantum, each bearing a different drug-resistant marker, were used to coinfect lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies. eleven double-drug-resistant progeny clones, each the product of an independent mating event, were ge ...	2014	25385616
ipathcons and ipathdb: an improved insect pathway construction tool and the database.	insects are one of the most successful animal groups on earth. some insects, such as the silkworm and honeybee, are beneficial to humans, whereas others are notorious pests of crops. at present, the genomes of 38 insects have been sequenced and made publically available. in addition, the transcriptomes of dozens of insects have been sequenced. as gene data rapidly accumulate, constructing the pathway of molecular interactions becomes increasingly important for entomological research. here, we de ...	2014	25388589
phlebotomine fauna, natural infection rate and feeding habits of lutzomyia cruzi in jaciara, state of mato grosso, brazil.	visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in brazil is transmitted by the phlebotomine lutzomyia longipalpis and in some midwestern regions by lutzomyia cruzi. studies of the phlebotomine fauna, feeding habits and natural infection rate by leishmania contribute to increased understanding of the epidemiological chain of leishmaniases and their vectorial capacity. collections were performed in jaciara, state of mato grosso from 2010-2013, during which time 2,011 phlebotomines (23 species) were captured (68.70% ...	2014	25410993
wild and synanthropic reservoirs of leishmania species in the americas.	the definition of a reservoir has changed significantly in the last century, making it necessary to study zoonosis from a broader perspective. one important example is that of leishmania, zoonotic multi-host parasites maintained by several mammal species in nature. the magnitude of the health problem represented by leishmaniasis combined with the complexity of its epidemiology make it necessary to clarify all of the links in transmission net, including non-human mammalian hosts, to develop effec ...	2014	25426421
multi-modal analysis of courtship behaviour in the old world leishmaniasis vector phlebotomus argentipes.	the sand fly phlebotomus argentipes is arguably the most important vector of leishmaniasis worldwide. as there is no vaccine against the parasites that cause leishmaniasis, disease prevention focuses on control of the insect vector. understanding reproductive behaviour will be essential to controlling populations of p. argentipes, and developing new strategies for reducing leishmaniasis transmission. through statistical analysis of male-female interactions, this study provides a detailed descrip ...	2014	25474027
the contribution of the genomes of a termite and a locust to our understanding of insect neuropeptides and neurohormones.	the genomes of the migratory locust locusta migratoria and the termite zootermopsis nevadensis were mined for the presence of genes encoding neuropeptides, neurohormones, and their g-protein coupled receptors (gpcrs). both species have retained a larger number of neuropeptide and neuropeptide gpcrs than the better known holometabolous insect species, while other genes that in holometabolous species appear to have a single transcript produce two different precursors in the locust, the termite or ...	2014	25477824
do size and insecticide treatment matter? evaluation of different nets against phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in nepal.	in the indian subcontinent, leishmania donovani, the parasite causing visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is transmitted by the sand fly vector phlebotomus argentipes. long lasting insecticide treated nets (ln) have been postulated as alternative or complement to indoor residual spraying but there are few field studies evaluating the entomological efficacy of different nets against this vector. we conducted two crossover trials in a vl endemic area in nepal to compare the barrier effect of (1) ln with d ...	2014	25494099
the nuclear receptor genes hr3 and e75 are required for the circadian rhythm in a primitive insect.	insect circadian rhythms are generated by a circadian clock consisting of transcriptional/translational feedback loops, in which cycle and clock are the key elements in activating the transcription of various clock genes such as timeless (tim) and period (per). although the transcriptional regulation of clock (clk) has been profoundly studied, little is known about the regulation of cycle (cyc). here, we identify the orphan nuclear receptor genes hr3 and e75, which are orthologs of mammalian clo ...	2014	25502221
[discriminating concentrations for three insecticides used in public health in a lutzomyia longipalpis experimental strain from colombia].	in colombia, periurban populations of lutzomyia longipalpis , vector of the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the upper and middle valley of the magdalena river, may be exposed to insecticide applications with different purposes. thus, it is important to begin a susceptibility surveillance of this species to insecticides.	2014	25504252
vectorbase: an updated bioinformatics resource for invertebrate vectors and other organisms related with human diseases.	vectorbase is a national institute of allergy and infectious diseases supported bioinformatics resource center (brc) for invertebrate vectors of human pathogens. now in its 11th year, vectorbase currently hosts the genomes of 35 organisms including a number of non-vectors for comparative analysis. hosted data range from genome assemblies with annotated gene features, transcript and protein expression data to population genetics including variation and insecticide-resistance phenotypes. here we d ...	2014	25510499
occurrence of lutzomyia longipalpis (phlebotominae) and canine visceral leishmaniasis in a rural area of ilha solteira, sp, brazil.	this study aimed to investigate the occurrence of lutzomyia longipalpis and also the canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) in a rural area of ilha solteira, state of são paulo. blood samples were collected from 32 dogs from different rural properties (small farms) and were analyzed by elisa and the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat) in order to diagnose cvl. from these serological tests, 31.25% of the dogs were positive for cvl and these were distributed in 66.7% (8/12) of the rural ...	2017	25517523
rapid and sensitive detection of bartonella bacilliformis in experimentally infected sand flies by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) of the pap31 gene.	carrion' disease, caused by bartonella bacilliformis, remains truly neglected due to its focal geographical nature. a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, including asymptomatic bacteremia, and lack of a sensitive diagnostic test can potentially lead to a spread of the disease into non-endemic regions where competent sand fly vectors may be present. a reliable test capable of detecting b. bacilliformis is urgently needed. our objective is to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification ...	2014	25522230
prostaglandin e2/leukotriene b4 balance induced by lutzomyia longipalpis saliva favors leishmania infantum infection.	eicosanoids and sand fly saliva have a critical role in the leishmania infection. here, we evaluated the effect of lutzomyia longipalpis salivary gland sonicate (sgs) on neutrophil and monocyte recruitment and activation of eicosanoid production in a murine model of inflammation.	2014	25526785
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis/hiv coinfection presented as a diffuse desquamative rash.	leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that is endemic in tropical areas and in the mediterranean. this condition spreads to 98 countries in four continents, surpassing 12 million infected individuals, with 350 million people at risk of infection. this disease is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical syndromes, caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania, with various animal reservoirs, such as rodents, dogs, wolves, foxes, and even humans. transmission occurs through a vector, a sandfly o ...	2014	25548691
update on fogo selvagem, an endemic form of pemphigus foliaceus.	pemphigus are organ-specific autoimmune diseases, where autoantibodies (mainly immunoglobulin [ig]g) directed against epidermal targets (glycoproteins of the desmosomal core) are detected. endemic pemphigus foliaceus or fogo selvagem (fs) is one of the variants of pemphigus foliaceus pemphigus foliaceus that shares the same clinical and immunopathological features of the classic non-endemic pemphigus foliaceus form, including pathogenic igg (mainly igg4) autoantibodies directed against the ectod ...	0	25558948
no recent adaptive selection on the apyrase of mediterranean phlebotomus: implications for using salivary peptides to vaccinate against canine leishmaniasis.	vaccine development is informed by a knowledge of genetic variation among antigen alleles, especially the distribution of positive and balancing selection in populations and species. a combined approach using population genetic and phylogenetic methods to detect selective signatures can therefore be informative for identifying vaccine candidates. parasitic leishmania species cause the disease leishmaniasis in humans and mammalian reservoir hosts after inoculation by female phlebotomine sandflies ...	2011	25568049
effect of mouse antisera targeting the phlebotomus papatasi midgut chitinase ppchit1 on sandfly physiology and fitness.	in sandflies, the absence of the peritrophic matrix (pm) affects the rate of blood digestion. also, the kinetics of pm secretion varies according to species. we previously characterised ppchit1, a midgut-specific chitinase secreted in phlebotomus papatasi (ppis) that is involved in the maturation of the pm and showed that antibodies against ppchit1 reduce the chitinolytic activity in the midgut of several sandfly species. here, sandflies were fed on red blood cells reconstituted with naïve or an ...	0	25591111
leishmania enriettii: biochemical characterisation of lipophosphoglycans (lpgs) and glycoinositolphospholipids (gipls) and infectivity to cavia porcellus.	leishmania enriettii is a species non-infectious to man, whose reservoir is the guinea pig cavia porcellus. many aspects of the parasite-host interaction in this model are unknown, especially those involving parasite surface molecules. while lipophosphoglycans (lpgs) and glycoinositolphospholipids (gipls) of leishmania species from the old and new world have already been described, glycoconjugates of l. enriettii and their importance are still unknown.	2015	25595203
interleukin 10-dominant immune response and increased risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis after natural exposure to lutzomyia intermedia sand flies.	leishmaniasis is caused by parasites transmitted to the vertebrate host by infected sand flies. during transmission, the vertebrate host is also inoculated with sand fly saliva, which exerts powerful immunomodulatory effects on the host's immune response.	2015	25596303
phytomonas: trypanosomatids adapted to plant environments.	over 100 years after trypanosomatids were first discovered in plant tissues, phytomonas parasites have now been isolated across the globe from members of 24 different plant families. most identified species have not been associated with any plant pathology and to date only two species are definitively known to cause plant disease. these diseases (wilt of palm and coffee phloem necrosis) are problematic in areas of south america where they threaten the economies of developing countries. in contra ...	2015	25607944
multi-antigen print immunoassay (mapia)-based evaluation of novel recombinant leishmania infantum antigens for the serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis.	domestic dogs are the principal reservoir hosts of leishmania infantum in regions where visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is endemic. although serologic methods are frequently used for the screening of infected dogs, antibody-based tests require further assessment, due to lack of sensitivity and specificity. in this study, we employed a multi-antigen printing immunoassay (mapia) to compare the antibody responses to novel recombinant proteins of l. infantum with the potential for the detection of canin ...	2015	25616448
vaccines for canine leishmaniasis.	leishmania infantum is the obligatory intracellular parasite of mammalian macrophages and causes zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (zvl). the presence of infected dogs as the main reservoir host of zvl is regarded as the most important potential risk for human infection. thus the prevention of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) is essential to stop the current increase of the mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis. recently considerable advances in achieving protective immunization of dogs and seve ...	2014	25628897
aerobic microbial community of insectary population of phlebotomus papatasi.	microbes particularly bacteria presenting in the gut of haematophagous insects may have an important role in the epidemiology of human infectious disease.	2013	25629067
leishmania (l.) mexicana infected bats in mexico: novel potential reservoirs.	leishmania (leishmania) mexicana causes cutaneous leishmaniasis, an endemic zoonosis affecting a growing number of patients in the southeastern states of mexico. some foci are found in shade-grown cocoa and coffee plantations, or near perennial forests that provide rich breeding grounds for the sand fly vectors, but also harbor a variety of bat species that live off the abundant fruits provided by these shade-giving trees. the close proximity between sand flies and bats makes their interaction f ...	2015	25629729
aerobic bacterial flora of biotic and abiotic compartments of a hyperendemic zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) focus.	identification of the microflora of the sand fly gut and the environmental distribution of these bacteria are important components for paratransgenic control of leishmania transmission by sand flies.	2015	25630498
the past, present, and future of leishmania genomics and transcriptomics.	it has been nearly 10 years since the completion of the first entire genome sequence of a leishmania parasite. genomic and transcriptomic analyses have advanced our understanding of the biology of leishmania, and shed new light on the complex interactions occurring within the parasite-host-vector triangle. here, we review these advances and examine potential avenues for translation of these discoveries into treatment and control programs. in addition, we argue for a strong need to explore how di ...	2015	25638444
vaccination with leishmania infantum acidic ribosomal p0 but not with nucleosomal histones proteins controls leishmania infantum infection in hamsters.	several intracellular leishmania antigens have been identified in order to find a potential vaccine capable of conferring long lasting protection against leishmania infection. histones and acid ribosomal proteins are already known to induce an effective immune response and have successfully been tested in the cutaneous leishmaniasis mouse model. here, we investigate the protective ability of l. infantum nucleosomal histones (his) and ribosomal acidic protein p0 (lip0) against l. infantum infecti ...	2015	25642946
genetically modifying the insect gut microbiota to control chagas disease vectors through systemic rnai.	technologies based on rna interference may be used for insect control. sustainable strategies are needed to control vectors of chagas disease such as rhodnius prolixus. the insect microbiota can be modified to deliver molecules to the gut. here, escherichia coli ht115(de3) expressing dsrna for the rhodnius heme-binding protein (rhbp) and for catalase (cat) were fed to nymphs and adult triatomine stages. rhbp is an egg protein and cat is an antioxidant enzyme expressed in all tissues by all devel ...	2015	25675102
genetic divergence between populations of feral and domestic forms of a mosquito disease vector assessed by transcriptomics.	culex pipiens, an invasive mosquito and vector of west nile virus in the us, has two morphologically indistinguishable forms that differ dramatically in behavior and physiology. cx. pipiens form pipiens is primarily a bird-feeding temperate mosquito, while the sub-tropical cx. pipiens form molestus thrives in sewers and feeds on mammals. because the feral form can diapause during the cold winters but the domestic form cannot, the two cx. pipiens forms are allopatric in northern europe and, altho ...	2015	25755934
small rnas derived from trnas and rrnas are highly enriched in exosomes from both old and new world leishmania providing evidence for conserved exosomal rna packaging.	leishmania use exosomes to communicate with their mammalian hosts and these secreted vesicles appear to contribute to pathogenesis by delivering protein virulence factors to macrophages. in other eukaryotes, exosomes were found to carry rna cargo, such as mrnas and small non-coding rnas, capable of altering recipient cell phenotype. whether leishmania exosomes also contain rnas which they are able to deliver to bystander cells is not known. here, we show that leishmania exosomes indeed contain r ...	2015	25764986
distribution of lutzomyia longipalpis chemotype populations in são paulo state, brazil.	american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) is an emerging disease in the state of são paulo, brazil. its geographical expansion and the increase in the number of human cases has been linked to dispersion of lutzomyia longipalpis into urban areas. to produce more accurate risk maps we investigated the geographic distribution and routes of expansion of the disease as well as chemotype populations of the vector.	2015	25781320
identification of communal oviposition pheromones from the black fly simulium vittatum.	the suite of pheromones that promote communal oviposition by simulium vittatum, a north american black fly species, was identified and characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, electrophysiological, and behavioral bioassays. behavioral assays demonstrated that communal oviposition was induced by egg-derived compounds that were active at short range and whose effect was enhanced through direct contact. three compounds (cis-9-tetradecen-1-ol, 1-pentadecene, and 1-tridecene) were id ...	2015	25786206
phlebotomine sand fly fauna and leishmania infection in the vicinity of the serra do cipó national park, a natural brazilian heritage site.	in the new world, the leishmaniases are primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of leishmania-infected lutzomyia (diptera: psychodidae) phlebotomine sand flies. any or both of two basic clinical forms of these diseases are endemic to several cities in brazil--the american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) and the american visceral leishmaniasis (avl). the present study was conducted in the urban area of a small-sized brazilian municipality (jaboticatubas), in which three cases of avl and n ...	2015	25793193
the flagellar protein flag1/smp1 is a candidate for leishmania-sand fly interaction.	leishmaniasis is a serious problem that affects mostly poor countries. various species of leishmania are the agents of the disease, which take different clinical manifestations. the parasite is transmitted by sandflies, predominantly from the phlebotomus genus in the old world and lutzomyia in the new world. during development in the gut, leishmania must survive various challenges, which include avoiding being expelled with blood remnants after digestion. it is believed that attachment to the gu ...	0	25793476
knowledge of the population about visceral leishmaniasis transmission in endemic areas near the banks of the mossoró river in northeastern brazil.	visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is an anthropozoonosis with high prevalence and incidence in the northeastern region of brazil. this study aimed to determine whether people living near the mossoró river in the city of mossoró, rio grande do norte, have knowledge of vl and to characterize the environmental properties of this region. questionnaires were administered to 478 residents in three neighborhoods near the mossoró river, addressing the population's knowledge about vl and environmental characte ...	2015	25809514