Publications

excretion of ascaris lumbricoides during total body irradiation.	we describe the excretion of ascaris lumbicoides, an intestinal roundworm, in the emesis of an asymptomatic patient undergoing total body irradiation. this suggests that ascaris is sensitive to irradiation.	1994	8019476
images in clinical medicine. ascaris lumbricoides.		1994	8022441
intestinal parasitism in the united states: update on a continuing problem.	to document patterns of intestinal parasitism in the united states, we analyzed results of 216,275 stool specimens examined by the state diagnostic laboratories in 1987; parasites were found in 20.0%. percentages were highest for protozoans: giardia lamblia (7.2%), entamoeba coli and endolimax nana (4.2% each), blastocystis hominis (2.6%), and entamoeba histolytica (0.9%). the most commonly identified helminths were nematodes: hookworm (1.5%), trichuris trichiura (1.2%), and ascaris lumbricoides ...	1994	8024063
extremely stable transcripts may compensate for the elimination of the gene fert-1 from all ascaris lumbricoides somatic cells.	the single-copy gene fert-1 becomes eliminated from all somatic cells during the process of chromatin diminution in ascaris lumbricoides var. suum. by using northern blot and in situ hybridization techniques, we have analyzed its rather unusual expression pattern. different splicing and 3' end formation events generate in a developmentally regulated manner various poly(a)+ and poly(a)- fert-1 rna species. the lack of any significant open reading frame in most of its rna products indicates that f ...	1994	8026638
nucleotide sequence of an onchocerca volvulus cdna clone encoding an antigen homologous with the intermediate filament protein family.	a series of clones were isolated from an o. volvulus lambda gt11 cdna library on the basis of strong recognition by sera from both onchocerca volvulus or wuchereria bancrofti patients. several of these clones encoded a protein which clearly belonged to the intermediate filament (if) class, and had most similarity with a1if-a from ascaris lumbricoides and a number of if proteins from molluscs. western blotting experiments implied that the first coiled domain appears to be markedly less antigenic ...	1994	8026911
[prevalence of intestinal parasites among thais in israel].	stool samples from 93 thais working in israel were examined for the presence of parasites. the overall prevalence of infection by 1 or more species was 74%. opisthorchis viverrini and hookworm were the most prevalent parasites (51.6% and 44.1%, respectively). they were also the parasites most frequently found in mixed infections; about a quarter of the workers were infected with both. other helminths found in only a few cases were: fasciolopsis buski (3 cases), taenia sp. (3), paragonimus sp. (1 ...	1994	8034263
[epidemiologic setting of the agricultural use of sewage: valle del mezquital, mexico].	wastewater from mexico city is used to irrigate over 85,000 hectares mainly of fodder and cereal crops in the mezquital valley. a cross-sectional study method is being used to test the impact of exposure to raw wastewater and wastewater from storage reservoirs on diarrheal disease and parasitic infections in farmworkers and their families. the study population in the rainy season survey included 1,900 households: 680 households where the farmworker is exposed to untreated wastewater (exposed gro ...	1994	8042068
[effect of combined chemotherapy against human intestinal nematode eggs].	the effect of a combination of albendazole and mebendazole was evaluated by stool examination in 7 patients with ascaris lumbricoides eggs, 7 patients with trichuris trichiura eggs and 9 patients with hookworm eggs. albendazole and mebendazole were given at 300 mg and 375 mg, respectively. both drugs were divided into 3 parts, one part b. id., and given in 1.5 days. the fecal eggs turned negative in all the patients with ascaris infection in 3 days, while the fecal eggs were negative in all pati ...	1994	8044908
ribosomal heterogeneity from chromatin diminution in ascaris lumbricoides.	the genome of ascaris lumbricoides encodes both germline- and soma-specific proteins homologous to the eukaryotic small ribosomal protein (rp) s19. the two ascaris homologs differ by 24 amino acid substitutions and are both components of the small ribosomal subunits. in oocytes, the germline rps19 homolog (rps19g) predominates. during chromatin diminution, however, the gene is eliminated from all presomatic cells, and rps19g is replaced by the product of the somatic gene (rps19s). chromatin dimi ...	1994	8052853
diagnosis and treatment of common intestinal helminths. ii: common intestinal nematodes.	in the second article of this series, we discuss the diagnosis and treatment of some important intestinal nematodes. common parasites discussed in detail include ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, hookworm, and enterobius vermicularis (pinworm). in addition, strongyloides stercoralis has emerged as an important pathogen in immunocompromised patients, and capillaria philippinensis is now recognized as an important cause of diarrhea in asia. finally, anisakiasis and other illnesses due to ...	1994	8055230
physical activity and growth of kenyan school children with hookworm, trichuris trichiura and ascaris lumbricoides infections are improved after treatment with albendazole.	growth, activity, appetite and intestinal helminth infections were compared for 55 kenyan primary school children with hookworm (93% prevalence), t. trichiura (84% prevalence) and a. lumbricoides (29% prevalence) before and 9 wk after treatment with three 400-mg doses of albendazole (zentel) or placebo. fecal samples were examined for helminth eggs using a modified kato technique. activity was measured during free-play with motion recorders on the dominant thigh. children rated their appetites o ...	1994	8074755
socio-economic factors associated with intestinal parasites among children living in gombak, malaysia.	fecal specimens collected from 456 school children in gombak, malaysia, revealed an overall prevalence rate of 62.9%. the most common parasite found was trichuris trichiura (47.1%) followed by giardia intestinalis (14.7%), entamoeba coli (11.4%), entamoeba histolytica (9.9%) and ascaris lumbricoides (7.9%). infection rates were high among the indonesian immigrant workers' children (90%) followed by the orang asli (79.5%), malay (59.4%) and indians (36.4%). females (66.3%) had a higher prevalence ...	1994	8074940
an 18-month study of the effect of periodic anthelminthic treatment on the growth and nutritional status of pre-school children in bangladesh.	an 18-month study was conducted from february 1989 to august 1990 to examine the effect of regular deworming on child growth and nutritional status. a sample of 1402 children, from 2 to 6 years old, were divided into a treatment group and a control group. the 688 children in the treatment group received a 500 mg single dose of mebendazole, while the 714 children in the control group were given a placebo. height, weight and mid-upper arm circumference (muac) were measured on monthly household vis ...	1994	8080233
ascariasis, hookworm infection and serum retinol amongst children in nepal.	the study reports on the association between serum retinol levels and prevalence of two intestinal helminths in a random sample of 592 children, 6-120 months of age. faecal analyses were performed by kato thick-smear technique, recording the presence of hookworm and ascaris lumbricoides eggs. serum retinol levels were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) and expressed in micrograms/dl. the presence of ascaris lumbricoides eggs was associated with lower levels of serum retinol ...	1994	8090537
[intestinal parasite infections in rural students of chiloé archipelago, x region, chile].	in order to contribute to the knowledge of intestinal parasite infection a survey was performed in 462 primary school children from eight rural localities sited in two islands of the chiloe archipelago. stool samples and perianal scotch tape scrapings for intestinal protozoa and helminths were microscopically examined. the prevalence rates of the main species found were: ascaris lumbricoides 43.3%, trichuris trichiura 26.8%, enterobius vernicularis 20.1%, entamoeba histolytica 5.6%, giardia inte ...	1993	8110371
ascariasis and childhood malnutrition.	the present review will examine epidemiological perspectives and be confined mainly to the results of those field studies published since 1975 in order to provide concrete scientific evidence of the effect of ascariasis on childhood malnutrition, particularly on growth. the field studies were done in many developing countries from africa, asia and latin america, using cross-sectional and intervention studies in which anthelmintics were employed, with different dosing frequency and follow-up peri ...	1993	8115177
macrophages from schistosomal egg granulomas induce unresponsiveness in specific cloned th-1 lymphocytes in vitro and down-regulate schistosomal granulomatous disease in vivo.	we previously have proposed that accessory cells from individuals infected with schistosomiasis induce unresponsiveness in specific th-1 lymphocytes resulting in the immunologic down-regulation of egg-induced granulomatous inflammation characteristically seen in this disease. we now show that macrophages isolated from schistosomal egg granulomas (gm) fail to serve as stimulatory apc for cloned, murine schistosomal egg ag (sea)-specific, cd4+, th-1-type lymphocytes, while being able to stimulate ...	1994	8120394
[the health problems associated with irrigation with wastewater in mexico].	over 85,000 hectares in the mezquital valley of central mexico are irrigated with wastewater. the main crops are fodder and cereal crops. a two cross-sectional survey was carried out to test the impact of exposure to raw wastewater and from storage of that wastewater in reservoirs. the main outcomes were diarrhoeal disease and parasitic infections in farmworkers and their families. the total study population in the dry season included 2,049 households. the study population was classified in hous ...	1993	8128300
[acute ileitis due to ascaris lumbricoides].	the authors report their experience of two cases of acute ileitis with an obstructive complication due to "ascaris lumbricoides". the distinctive features were, in the first case, the pathogenic mechanism responsible of the occlusion, and in the second one, the need of a long term follow-up. the latter, especially in the "aspecific forms", often allows an etiological diagnosis difficult even at laparotomy. indicating the most frequent causes of surgical complications found in ileitis, which is a ...	1993	8136235
intestinal helminthiases in ecuador: the relationship between prevalence, genetic, and socioeconomic factors.	prevalence of infection with the intestinal helminths, ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, ancylostoma duodenale and strongyloides stercoralis was examined in 632 residents of communities in esmeraldas province of ecuador. these communities were divided into two groups according to area of habitation which reflected different socioeconomic circumstances. attempts were made to correlate infection status with race and abo blood group phenotype. the racial groups included blacks, chachi amer ...	1993	8146392
genetic relatedness as a determinant of predisposition to ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura infection.	the present study examines the role of host genetics in predisposition to ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura infection, by comparing the associations between age-standardized infection intensities of parents and their children (genetically related), with age-standardized infection intensities of parents alone (not related), within families previously demonstrated to exhibit familial predisposition. the lack of a consistent trend in infection intensity associations within families, in p ...	1994	8152858
albendazole and infections with ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura in children in bangladesh.	two hundred and forty-five children infected with trichuris trichiura, 143 of whom were also infected with ascaris lumbricoides, were treated with albendazole as follows: single doses of either 600 mg or 800 mg, or daily doses of 400 mg for either 3 d or 5 d. three stools were examined over a period of 10 d after treatment and again after nearly 40 d, using a quantitative microscopical technique. albendazole appeared to act slowly against a. lumbricoides but within 10 d all dosages had cured abo ...	1994	8153985
aggregation and predisposition to ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura at the familial level.	this study examines the persistence of familial aggregation and familial predisposition to ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura infection over 2 periods of treatment and reinfection, in an urban community in kuala lumpur, malaysia. both parasite species were shown to be aggregated (assessed by the variance to mean ratio) within families at all 3 interventions, although no consistent trend in aggregation was observed over the period of the study. associations between mean a. lumbricoides ...	1994	8153999
[blind treatment or treatment oriented to intestinal parasitoses in a parisian health center for refugees].	the comede health care center for political refugees received 4,414 first arrivals from 70 african, asian and south american countries in 1989. many arrived from areas where intestinal parasitic infections are endemic, and where infections by nematodes (ancyclostoma duodenale, necator americanus, ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, strongyloides stercoralis), trematodes (schistosoma hematobium, schistosoma stercoralis) and protozoa (entamoeba coli) cause significant morbidity. the questio ...	1994	8162360
[second report on intestinal parasites among the patients of seoul paik hospital (1984-1992)].	the results of fecal examination for helminth eggs and protozoan cysts in seoul paik hospital during 1984-1992 are reported. fecal specimens of a total of 52,552 out- or inpatients were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation and/or direct smear method. the overall egg positive rate of helminths was 6.5% and the cyst positive rate of protozoa 2.5%. the egg positive rate (number of positive cases) for each species of helminth was; clonorchis sinensis 3.2% (1,667), trichuris trichiura 2.0% (1,089 ...	1994	8167105
the prevalence of infection by intestinal parasites in an urban slum in são paulo, brazil.	sedimentation parasitological examinations were performed in stool specimens from a random household-based sample of 407 dwellers, all age groups being represented, in a slum of são paulo, south-eastern brazil. intestinal parasites were detected in 45.7% of the specimens. the most prevalent parasites in this population were ascaris lumbricoides (23.8%) and trichuris trichiura (17.2%); only 17 individuals (4.2%) harboured giardia duodenalis and 6 (1.5%) harboured entamoeba histolytica. taenia and ...	1994	8170003
transcription of a nematode u1 small nuclear rna in vitro. 3'-end formation requires cis-acting elements within the coding sequence.	we have used block-substitution mutagenesis and in vitro transcription assays to identify cis-acting dna sequence elements important for initiation and 3'-end formation of a u1 small nuclear rna (snrna) in the parasitic nematode ascaris lumbricoides. efficient initiation of synthesis by rna polymerase ii requires a compact element centered approximately 50 base pairs upstream of the transcriptional start site. surprisingly, 3'-end formation of u1 snrnas synthesized in vitro is solely dependent u ...	1994	8175641
effect of ivermectin (mectizan) on intestinal nematodes.	ancillary to a community based mass treatment campaign of onchocerciasis with ivermectin, assessment of the drug's effect on various intestinal nematodes was made in bebeka, southwest ethiopia between 23 april and 23 july, 1990. a total of 231 people were invited for the study and all consented. from each, stool specimen was collected before treatment, two weeks and three months after administration of ivermectin at a dose of 150 mcg/kg body weight. various intestinal parasites were observed in ...	1994	8187782
[teratogenic action of alpha-chymotrypsin inhibitor of ascaris lumbricoides in mice].	during investigations of biological activity of proteolysis inhibitors from ascaris lumbricoides, teratogenic action of alfa-chymotrypsin inhibitor (ich) was evaluated. the inhibitor was obtained by a method of roli and pudles and was applied parenterally at 8-12 day of pregnancy to balb/c mice in doses of 20-80 mg/kg of mice per 24 hours. control groups received respectively 1 cm3 of 0.9% nacl or 80 mg of bovine albumin. normal status of development of internal organs in 19-days old fetuses was ...	1993	8189818
improvement of the merthiolate-iodine-formalin (mif) fecal technique for hookworm, trichuris trichiura, and ascaris lumbricoides eggs.	the merthiolate-iodine-formalin (mif) technique to detect human intestinal parasites in feces was inefficient for the detection of hookworm and trichuris trichiura eggs. addition of a saturated-brine flotation step increased recovery of hookworm eggs by 77% and trichuris trichiura eggs by 87%. recovery of ascaris lumbricoides also was increased by 71%. this was a significant improvement in the sensitivity of the mif technique for these 3 kinds of human parasite.	1994	8195951
intrahepatic biliary stones in south africa.		1994	8197508
status of soil-transmitted helminthic infection in nepal.	a retrospective evaluation of the status of soil-transmitted helminthic infection in nepal during the period from 1985 to 1992 was conducted at the parasitology laboratory, department of pathology, tu teaching hospital in kathmandu. an average of 6,537 faecal samples were examined each year for the presence of various types of intestinal parasites. the annual rate of positivity of these samples for soil-transmitted helminthiasis ranged from 18.0 to 36.6%. the annual incidence decreased every suc ...	1994	8207290
a survey of intestinal helminths among students of post-primary institution in adamawa state, nigeria.	a survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis among students of government secondary school girei, song local government area of adamawa state, nigeria, between january and july 1991. of the 200 students between ages ten to thirty-two years old examined, 86 (43.0%) were infected using the formyl ether concentration method. the most commonly found worm were hookworms, ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura with mean egg per gram of 4,800; 2,600; and 1,250 ...	1993	8220572
serial cholangiographic appearances in recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.	from december 1982 to december 1991, cholangiograms were obtained in 227 patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. cholangiographic abnormalities included biliary dilation, calculi, sludge, excessive branching, and arrowhead formation of intrahepatic ducts and biliary strictures. in 21 patients, previous evidence of biliary ascariasis was seen. repeat cholangiograms were performed in 55 patients in a follow-up period of 18.0 +/- 1 months. of these patients, 12 treated conservatively continue ...	1993	8224691
worm extraction and biliary drainage in hepatobiliary and pancreatic ascariasis.	from december 1989 to march 1992, 50 (32%) of 156 patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic ascariasis underwent various endoscopic interventional procedures. endoscopic intervention was performed when patients did not respond to energetic symptomatic treatment within the first few days of hospitalization (n = 45) or when worms had not moved out of the ducts into the duodenum at 3 weeks (n = 5). worm extraction was successful in all 18 patients from the ampullary orifice and in 34 (89.5%) of 38 ...	1993	8224692
[inhibitory effect of bithionol on nadh-fumarate reductase in ascarides].	to elucidate the mechanism of anthelmintic action of bithionol, the inhibitory effect of the drug on nadh-fumarate reductase (nadh-fr) of ascaris lumbricoides suum was examined. nadh-fr, an enzyme of anaerobic carbohydrate metabolic pathway was solubilized from the mitochondria of the worm's muscle with deoxycholate, and then partially purified with the monoethanolamine-sepharose 4b column chromatography. rhodoquinone (rq), which is required for the electron transfer from nadh to fumarate, was s ...	1993	8229665
the accumulation, distribution and viability of human parasitic nematode eggs in the sludge of a primary facultative waste stabilization pond.	investigations into the enumeration, distribution and viability of nematode eggs in the sludge from a primary facultative waste stabilization pond showed that pond sludges are not nematologically safe for immediate land application. up to 12% of ascaris lumbricoides eggs were viable after the pond had been in operation for 2.5 years. eggs were recovered from the sludge along the full length of the pond, although there were significant decreases in egg concentration and viability with increasing ...	1993	8236383
ultrasonographic diagnosis of hepatobiliary ascariasis.	eight cases of hepatobiliary invasion of ascaris lumbricoides into the hepatobiliary tract are presented. in the presence of nonspecific symptoms and biochemical test results, the diagnosis was made in seven patients by sonography. in the remaining patient, in whom the adult roundworm was not visible on sonography owing to the presence of aerobilia, the diagnosis was made at ercp. sonography revealed typical tubular, echogenic, filling defects along the long axis of a dilated common bile duct, s ...	1993	8246335
the distribution of intestinal helminth infections in a rural village in guatemala.	fecal egg count scores were used to investigate the distribution and abundance of intestinal helminths in the population of a rural village. prevalences of the major helminths were 41% with ascaris lumbricoides, 60% with trichuris trichiura and 50% with necator americanus. all three parasites showed a highly aggregated distribution among hosts. age/prevalence and age/intensity profiles were typical for both a. lumbricoides and t. trichiura with the highest worm burdens in the 5-10 year old child ...	1993	8246757
ascaris lumbricoides resulting in acute cholecystitis and pancreatitis in the midwest.		1993	8249989
schistosomiasis and intestinal parasites in rural villages in southwest nigeria: an indication for expanded programme on drug distribution and integrated control programme in nigeria.	a cross sectional survey of schistosomiasis, intestinal parasite infections and pattern of schistosomiasis transmission was undertaken in four rural villages around the erinle dam, nigeria. the prevalence of schistosoma haematobium ranged from 10% to 60%. 30% of infected school children excreted over 50 eggs/10 ml urine and high rates of haematuria, proteinuria, leucocyturia and nitrites in urine were observed in infected children and the villagers. prevalence of infection with s. mansoni ranged ...	1993	8256092
laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder ascariasis.	a case is presented of persistent gallbladder infestation by ascaris lumbricoides that was successfully treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. the management of this rare manifestation of ascariasis is reviewed.	1993	8258078
theory of the locomotion of nematodes: control of the somatic motor neurons by interneurons.	the only animal of which the complete neural circuitry is known at the submicroscopical level is the nematode caenorhabditis elegans. this anatomical knowledge is complemented by functional insight from electrophysiological experiments in the related nematode ascaris lumbricoides, which show that ascaris motor neurons transmit signals electrotonically and not with unattenuated spikes. we developed a mathematical model for electrotonic neural networks and applied it to the motor nervous system of ...	1993	8260760
histological changes in hamster liver by es antigen of ascaris suum.	polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sds (page-sds) of the es antigens of a. suum revealed several protein molecules which differed from those obtained in es antigens of a. lumbricoides. nature of liver damage caused by es antigens of a. suum was studied in hamsters to find out the nature of damage and to compare with those caused by es antigens of a. lumbricoides. feeding of es antigens of a. suum was carried out in 7 hamsters for 75 days. after such feeding gross hepatic damage was noticed. ...	1993	8262573
intestinal parasitic infections in campalagian district, south sulawesi, indonesia.	intestinal parasitic infections were surveyed in the inhabitants of 3 coastal and 2 inland villages of campalagian district, south sulawesi, indonesia, in july 1992. a total of 398 fecal samples were examined by using kato-katz thick smear, harada-mori culture and agar-plate culture techniques. protozoan cysts were examined by formalin ether concentration technique on 380 fecal samples. soil-transmitted helminth infections were highly prevalent with the overall positive rates as follows: ascaris ...	1993	8266235
a population dynamic approach to the cost-effectiveness analysis of mass anthelmintic treatment: effects of treatment frequency on ascaris infection.	this study examines the cost-effectiveness of different frequencies of mass chemotherapy in reducing helminth infection and morbidity at the community level. the cost-effectiveness framework utilities a dynamic model of helminth transmission which permits the effectiveness of treatment to be expressed as some long-term reduction in infection and disease. cost analysis is incorporated into this framework using an itemized cost menu and cost data from an actual control programme. the cost-effectiv ...	1993	8266414
comparable seropositivity for ascariasis and toxocariasis in tropical slum children.	the seropositivities for infection by ascaris lumbricoides and toxocara canis were determined in children (1-15 years old) of a slum area of caracas, venezuela, and the levels that indicate the presence of active infection were defined. in children aged from 1 to 3 years, approximately 10% were positive for either parasite, and this figure increased to about 30% in 4- to 6-year-olds. for toxocariasis, the percentage of positivity remained at this level up to the age of 15 years. whilst the posit ...	1993	8278336
[parasitological research conducted between 1982 and 1991 in a sample of zinvie (benin) residents].	the authors point out the frequency of intestinal parasitism in zinvie (benin). out of 18,512 samples, 9,554 (51.60%) were found positive. the main parasites found were: ankylostoma duodenale, ascaris lumbricoides, amoeba, giardia lamblia. the authors underline the polyparaitism 16.75%.	1993	8289626
intestinal parasite infections in the inhabitants along the hantan river, chorwon-gun.	the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections in inhabitants at the reaches of the hantan river, chorwon-gun, korea, was observed from august 12 to september 14, 1993. of 465 people observed by cellophane thick smear and formalin-ether concentration method, 2 ascaris lumbricoides (unfertilized), 1 trichuris trichiura, 39 clonorchis sinensis and 16 metagonimus egg positive cases were found. after treatment, the metagonimus egg positive cases passed out flukes of metagonimus miyata type. of 68 ...	1993	8297896
ascariasis and the urinary bladder.		1993	8306178
vitamin a absorption in children with ascariasis.	the effect of ascaris lumbricoides infection on retinol absorption was investigated in young children from a slum area of dhaka city, bangladesh. twenty-four children aged 4-10 years were screened and in every case eggs of either ascaris, trichuris or hookworm were isolated from the stool. the average serum retinol was 0.91 (sd 0.35) mumol/l and sixteen children had levels below 1.05 mumol/l. this compared with a serum retinol concentration of 1.70 (sd 0.52) mumol/l in five reference children fr ...	1993	8329356
the ecology of animal parasitic nematodes in endemic areas of jos, nigeria.	a survey involving 3418 faecal samples collected from three areas of heavy human and animal activities in jos, nigeria showed that 2354 (68.9%) of the samples harboured various parasitic nematodes of man and animals. altogether, twelve species of parasitic nematodes were encountered. five of these, namely: ascaris lumbricoides, ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus, trichuris trichiura and strongyloides stercoralis infect man while five others: trichostrongylus probolurus, t. colubriformis, ...	1993	8334456
immunodiagnosis of strongyloides stercoralis infection: a method for increasing the specificity of the indirect elisa.	indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) allows sensitive detection of serum immunoglobulin (ig) g against a soluble extract of strongyloides stercoralis infective larvae. in this study, 40/40 (100%) human strongyloidiasis sera had high levels of anti-s. stercoralis igg, but 30/40 (75%) filariasis sera, and 12/40 (30%) necatoriasis sera also had higher levels than control sera from uk residents. in attempts to increase the assay specificity by absorption of cross-reactive igg, the effe ...	1993	8337720
endoscopic removal of ascaris from biliary tree.	hepatobiliary ascariasis is an uncommon condition outside the kashmir valley. we report here a patient with this disease from the eastern part of india.	1993	8340144
detection of density-dependent growth and fecundity of helminths in natural infections.	density-dependent constraints on parasite growth, survival or reproduction are thought to be important in preventing the unchecked increase in parasite numbers within individual hosts or host populations. while it is important to know where, and with what severity, density dependence is acting within the parasite life-cycle, interpretation of data from natural infections is difficult. in this paper, we present a monte carlo simulation technique for examining such data for evidence of density dep ...	1993	8341589
endoscopic diagnosis and removal of ascaris lumbricoides from the stomach.		1993	8348898
ultrasound in the diagnosis of roundworms in gallbladder and common bile duct. report of four cases.	four patients who complained of symptoms and signs compatible with biliary tract disease and in whom the diagnosis of gallbladder (three cases) and common bile duct ascariasis (one case) was made sonographically are reported. in two patients with gallbladder ascariasis, cholecystectomy corroborated the presence of the round-worms, and was curative. the third patient was a pregnant woman (32nd gestational week) who took piperazine citrate, and a second sonogram performed 29 days later was complet ...	1993	8351609
imported opisthorchis viverrini and parasite infections from thai labourers in taiwan.	in order to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among labourers from thailand in taiwan, the stool samples from 1364 thai labourers were examined by the formalin-ether concentration method and 18.0% were found to be infected with one or more parasites. the infection rates of hookworm, opisthorchis viverrini, strongyloides stercoralis, enterobius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides, hymenolepis nana, capillaria philippinensis, schistosoma japonicum, echinostoma sp., entamoeba coli, gi ...	1993	8354853
serum igg reactivity with 41-, 31-, and 28-kda larval proteins of strongyloides stercoralis in individuals with strongyloidiasis.	proteins from a deoxycholate-soluble extract of strongyloides stercoralis infective larvae were separated by sds-page, blotted onto nitrocellulose paper, and reacted with sera from individuals with confirmed s. stercoralis infections (n = 100), suspected s. stercoralis infections in whom no larvae could be detected (n = 27), and other nematode infections (40 with wuchereria bancrofti, 20 with onchocerca volvulus, 20 with necator americanus, and 20 with mixed ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris tr ...	1993	8354924
estimation of intestinal nematode prevalence: influence of parasite mating patterns.	prevalence of infection with intestinal helminths is usually assessed through stool examination. there are limitations in using this technique to measure infection status, since some infected individuals have no patent infection. the relationship between infection assessed by stool examination and actual infection prevalence is investigated for the three major nematode species--ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and the hookworms--using a model which describes the presence of non-egg prod ...	1993	8356002
spectrum of cholangitis in a rural setting in north-eastern peninsular malaysia.		1993	8356738
comparative efficacy of a single 400 mg dose of albendazole or mebendazole in the treatment of nematode infections in children.	the relative efficacy of a single 400 mg dose of albendazole or mebendazole in the treatment of nematode infections was assessed in 2- to 9-year-old children living in two different bolivian rural communities. both agents were equally very effective (100% cure rate) in treating ascariasis. albendazole was clearly more active than mebendazole against hookworm infections, both in terms of egg reduction rate (92.8% vs. 62.4%) and cure rate (81.8% vs. 17.2%). as far as trichuriasis is concerned, alb ...	1993	8362451
pao, a highly divergent retrotransposable element from bombyx mori containing long terminal repeats with tandem copies of the putative r region.	analysis of aberrant ribosomal dna (rdna) repeats of bombyx mori resulted in the discovery of a 4.8 kilobase retrotransposable element, pao. approximately 40 copies of pao are present in the genome with most located outside the rdna units. the complete sequence of one pao element and partial sequence of four other copies indicated that pao encodes an 1158 amino acid open-reading frame (orf). located within this orf are domains with sequence similarity to retroviral gag genes, aspartic protease a ...	1993	8389039
glh-1, a germ-line putative rna helicase from caenorhabditis, has four zinc fingers.	we have cloned a family of putative rna helicases from the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans. one of these, a cdna that we call glh-1, most closely matches in sequence and expression the previously described germ-line helicases pl10 from mouse and vasa from drosophila. the amino terminus of the predicted protein of glh-1 contains a set of glycine-rich repeats similar in location and sequence to those in the predicted vasa protein. however, unlike all other putative rna helicases, glh-1 ...	1993	8415696
ascariasis. an infection to watch for in immigrants.	infection with ascaris lumbricoides, a roundworm that invades the human digestive tract, affects about 25% of the world's population. manifestations of ascariasis vary and include constitutional symptoms, particularly pulmonary and gastrointestinal complaints. complications include pneumonitis, intestinal obstruction, and damage to vital organs. diagnosis is made in most cases by sampling stool for ova and parasites. treatment with an anthelmintic agent is usually effective in mild cases, and pr ...	1993	8418455
drosophila melanogaster does not share the telomeric repeat sequence of another invertebrate, ascaris lumbricoides.	the dna at the chromosomal termini of all eukaryotes from which it has been isolated contains a characteristic sequence motif consisting of tandem arrays of a regular or irregular repeat unit. these terminal repeats are thought to be essential for the maintenance of the chromosome ends. the sequences of the terminal repeats of all vertebrates studied thus far are identical and are similar enough to those of higher plants and some protozoans to cross-hybridize. however, previous studies have not ...	1993	8437589
intestinal parasitic infections and urbanization.	about a third of the population in the cities of developing countries live in slums and shanty towns. by the year 2000 it is estimated that this number will grow to 2200 million, and by 2025 about 57% of the population in developing countries will be in urban areas. the prevalence of infections caused by entamoeba histolytica and giardia intestinalis and the prevalence and intensity of ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura infections may increase among the rural populations who are migrat ...	1993	8440028
ascariasis and acute otitis media.	ascaris lumbricoides has rarely been implicated in the causation of middle ear disease. an infant who developed acute suppurative otitis media while on antibiotics for an upper respiratory tract infection and who extruded an ascaris worm from the ear is presented. the otitis media subsequently resolved. our understanding of the pathophysiology of ascariasis in the eustachian tube and middle ear is discussed.	1993	8444548
a quantitative framework for evaluating the effect of community treatment on the morbidity due to ascariasis.	there is growing emphasis on the use of community treatment to reduce the level of morbidity caused by helminth infection. the design of chemotherapy programmes, in terms of frequency of treatment and proportion of the community treated, would be assisted by a quantitative framework which enabled the morbidity reduction achieved by different approaches to be compared. the present study describes a model developed for this purpose which embodies two innovative features. first, a quantitative scor ...	1993	8446474
[gastric ascariasis in a gastrectomy patient].		1993	8452710
heterogeneity amongst infected children in ige antibody repertoire to the antigens of the parasitic nematode ascaris.	plasmas from a sample of 6-year-old children chronically infected with ascaris lumbricoides were examined by immunoblotting for ige antibody to the pseudocoelomic fluid of adult parasites. this revealed a high degree of heterogeneity in the antibody repertoire to putative allergens of the parasite, such that none of those screened had identical recognition patterns. this heterogeneity occurred despite the fact that infection with a. lumbricoides involves both tissue-invasive and intestinal phase ...	1993	8453316
weight gain of kenyan school children infected with hookworm, trichuris trichiura and ascaris lumbricoides is improved following once- or twice-yearly treatment with albendazole.	we studied growth in infected children given one dose (600 mg) or two doses of albendazole per school year. children were examined and allocated at random within sex by descending hookworm egg count to one of three groups: placebo (n = 93), one dose (1x, n = 96) or two doses (2x, n = 95). each child was treated and then re-examined and treated 3.6 and 8.2 mo later (exams 2 and 3). the 1x and 2x groups gained significantly more by exam 3 than the placebo group in weight (1.1 and 0.9 kg more, resp ...	1993	8463866
relationship between the degree of poverty and the ige response to ascaris infection in slum children.	we examined a group of urban slum children in caracas, venezuela, and demonstrated the relationship that exists between poverty, conditions of hygiene and the prevalence of helminth infection. concordant with the high prevalence of helminth infection in these children, the total serum levels of immunoglobulin e (ige) and blood eosinophilia were elevated and were directly related to the degree of poverty and lack of sanitary facilities. however, in contrast, the reverse pattern was observed for t ...	1993	8465384
assessment of the effectiveness of primary health care interventions in the control of three intestinal nematode infections in rural communities.	in a 30 months' longitudinal study, primary health care intervention was effective in reducing the prevalence of three common intestinal nematode infections (ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and necator americanus) in three communities. this was achieved by training school leavers and auxiliary aides as microscopists, health inspectors and field assistants and deploying them to provide screening, surveillance, environmental sanitation, and mass-expulsion chemotherapy (mec). post-control ...	1993	8475245
trichuris vulpis infection in an indian tribal population.	stools from 28 of the 82 inhabitants on remote little andaman island in india were examined for parasite eggs and cysts. trichuris trichiura eggs were found in 27, trichuris vulpis eggs in 5, strongyloides stercoralis larvae in 3, hookworm eggs in 15, entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba coli cysts each in 9, giardia lamblia in 6, retortamonas sp. in 3, iodoamoeba sp. in 2, and chilomastix sp. in 2 stools. ascaris lumbricoides eggs were not seen. the occurrence of t. vulpis eggs in 5 stools and t ...	1993	8501609
physical fitness, growth and appetite of kenyan school boys with hookworm, trichuris trichiura and ascaris lumbricoides infections are improved four months after a single dose of albendazole.	we studied physical fitness with the harvard step test, growth, and appetite in primary school boys infected with hookworm (96% baseline prevalence), trichuris trichiura (98% prevalence) and ascaris lumbricoides (41% prevalence) who received a single 600-mg dose of albendazole or an identical placebo. boys were examined, allocated at random within pairs by descending hookworm egg count to placebo (n = 26) or albendazole (n = 27) groups, treated, and re-examined 4 mo later. four months after trea ...	1993	8505663
intrahepatic biliary stones: imaging features and a possible relationship with ascaris lumbricoides.	intrahepatic (ih) biliary stones are common in east asia as part of a disease known as oriental cholangiohepatitis (och). at a hospital serving non-oriental communities, 40 patients were diagnosed on ultrasound (us) during an 8-year period as having ih stones. follow-up showed that the diagnosis was false in three cases. in the 37 patients with ih stones, 33 conventional retrograde cholangiograms were done; 26 underestimated the ih abnormalities or missed them entirely. computed tomography (ct) ...	1993	8508594
ascarid granuloma presenting as pseudotumour.	three patients with histologically confirmed ascarid granuloma who presented clinically with abdominal masses simulating abdominal tuberculosis or lymphoma are described. the clinical course of one patient was complicated by the formation of a spontaneous faecal fistula and perforation of the terminal ileum. in two cases there was rupture of the inflammatory pseudotumour through the anterior abdominal wall.	1993	8511819
a case of biliary ascariasis accompanied by cholelithiasis.	a 43-year-old korean woman with biliary ascariasis accompanied by cholelithiasis is reported. her chief complaints were abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. she had the past history of several attacks of abdominal pain in her childhood. biliary stones were recovered from the left hepatic duct after cholecystectomy, which contained degenerated cuticle or body wall, and numerous eggs of ascaris lumbricoides. it is strongly suggested that the biliary stones were formed from the dead ascaris worm(s ...	1993	8512903
concurrent parasitic infections in onchocerciasis and the occurrence of adverse reactions after ivermectin treatment.	ivermectin is a safe, effective, and relatively well-tolerated drug for the treatment of human onchocerciasis. however, due to side effects of the drug, large-scale ivermectin distribution without medical supervision is not recommended. the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ivermectin-induced adverse reactions are not yet known. since onchocerciasis patients are likely to have concurrent parasitic infections, we investigated whether side effects that occur after ivermectin treatment cou ...	1993	8517484
a newly formed telomere in ascaris suum does not exert a telomere position effect on a nearby gene.	during the process of chromatin diminution in ascaris suum (formerly named ascaris lumbricoides var. suum), developmentally regulated chromosomal fragmentation and new telomere addition occur within specific chromosomal breakage regions (cbrs). the dna sequences flanking one of these cbrs (cbr-1) were analyzed, and two protein-encoding genes were found on either side. the noneliminated gene, agp-1, whose aug start codon is located within approximately 2 kb of the boundary of cbr-1, encodes a put ...	1996	8524289
r4, a non-ltr retrotransposon specific to the large subunit rrna genes of nematodes.	a 4.7 kb sequence-specific insertion in the 26s ribosomal rna gene of ascaris lumbricoides, named r4, is shown to be a non-long terminal repeat (non-ltr) retrotransposable element. the r4 element inserts at a site in the large subunit rrna gene which is midway between two other sequence-specific non-ltr retrotransposable elements, r1 and r2, found in most insect species. based on the structure of its open reading frame and the sequence of its reverse transcriptase domain, r4 elements do not appe ...	1995	8524653
intestinal parasites in school food handlers in the city of uberlândia, minas gerais, brazil.	in order to verify the presence of intestinal parasites in food handlers, stool samples were collected from 104 cooks and their helpers that were working in food preparation in 20 public elementary schools, in various areas of the city of uberlândia, minas gerais, brazil. the samples were collected during the months of november and december, 1988, in plastic flasks containing a 10% formaldehyde solution and processed by the hoffmann, pons & janer method. the sediment was examined using triplicat ...	1995	8525262
opportunistic and non-opportunistic parasites in hiv-positive and negative patients with diarrhoea in tanzania.	a survey on intestinal parasites in a rural area of tanzania revealed the presence of eight protozoa and seven helminths in 287 subjects (81.8%). the prevalence of entamoeba histolytica and ascaris lumbricoides was higher in hiv-negative than in hiv-positive patients (p < 0.01; p < 0.04) (25.1% and 12.5% for e. histolytica; 10.5% and 3.7% for a. lumbricoides). on the other hand, cryptosporidium parvum, isospora belli and strongyloides stercoralis prevalence was higher in hiv-positive than in hiv ...	1995	8525281
prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among asian female house keepers in abha district, saudi arabia.	a group of 5,518 female asian house keepers working in abha district of saudi arabia was examined (1990 through 1992) to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections. they came from indonesia, sri lanka, philippines and thailand. fresh stool specimens were obtained in special containers and examined by light microscopy of wet smears in normal saline and lugoll's iodine solution within one hour of collection. the study revealed an overall prevalence of 46.5% which was higher than t ...	1995	8525400
targeted chemotherapy for parasite infestations in rural black preschool children.	to investigate whether targeted chemotherapy can reduce parasite prevalence rates in rural black preschool children.	1995	8545746
worm sperm and advances in cell locomotion.		1996	8548813
[surgical complications of intestinal ascariasis].	ascaridiosis is a usually benign disease caused by the parasite ascaris lumbricoides. medical treatment is usually sufficient. prevalence in tropical zones is high, sometimes leading to severe surgical complications requiring treatment and having a high morbidity and mortality. codified treatments are needed to reduce the incidence of ascaridiosis. large scale prevention is needed, especially in endemic zones.	1995	8550700
[prevalence of intestinal parasites in a student population].	we performed a transversal descriptive study to know the prevalence of intestinal parasites of our children's community. a 891 fecal sample analyzed from an equal number of apparently healthy children, whose ages were between 5-14 years old, randomly selected by stratified sampling by years old.	1995	8555305
acute pancreatitis caused by biliary ascaris in pregnancy.	ascaris lumbroicoides is the most prevalent human parasite worldwide. although usually asymptomatic, ascaris is responsible for a variety of severe complications such as intestinal obstruction, cholangitis, or hepatitis, which are caused by worm migration. this article is the second known case report of pancreatitis caused by biliary ascaris during pregnancy. we also review the pathophysiology of this disease and review the various treatment modalities available for pregnant patients. we believe ...	1995	8558344
estimating the number of multiple-species geohelminth infections in human communities.	infections with ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and the hookworm species are often found in the same communities and individuals. hosts infected by more than one species are potentially at risk of morbidity associated with each infection. this paper describes the use of a probabilistic model to predict the prevalence of multiple-species infections in communities for which only overall prevalence data exist. the model is tested against field data, using log-linear analysis, and is found ...	1995	8559595
nutritional status and the ige response against ascaris lumbricoides in children from a tropical slum.	helminthic infection can stimulate the interleukin-4 (il-4)-dependent polyclonal synthesis of immunoglobulin e (ige) in children endemically exposed to these parasites. as such children are also frequently at nutritional risk, in this study we considered the possible influence of malnutrition on serum il-4 levels and the ige response in helminthic infection. we evaluated 85 ascaris-infected children living in an urban slum area of caracas, venezuela, and found that the serum levels of il-4 and t ...	1995	8560541
biliary ascariasis. a case report.	ascaris lumbricoides is a worldwide intestinal infestation that may cause various complications. biliary ascariasis, however, is a rare condition. we describe a child with biliary ascariasis. the patient's clinical symptoms were pain, vomiting and abdominal tenderness, and she was thought to have acute appendicitis. however, laboratory examination revealed high serum alkaline phosphatase and amylase levels, and ultrasonography and percutaneous cholangiography demonstrated biliary ascariasis. the ...	1995	8560608
[interstitial nephritis with acute renal failure in ascaris lumbricoides infection].	a girl aged 14 years, 8 months presented with painful swelling of cervical lymph nodes. on frozen section malignancy could be ruled out. there were nonspecific inflammatory changes. in the presence of a prominent eosinophilic reaction the possibility of a drug reaction had been suggested. because of decreasing renal function, dialysis was started 1 day after lymph node extirpation. a renal biopsy revealed acute interstitial nephritis-again with eosinophils. at this point parasitosis was discusse ...	1995	8570565
ultrasonographic diagnosis of intestinal ascariasis.	ascaris lumbricoides is the most common roundworm in warm and temperate areas. although radiological features of ascaris lumbricoides are well defined, there are only a few reports on the ultrasonographic findings of intestinal ascariasis. in our two patients with no acute abdominal symptoms, intestinal ascariasis was initially diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. in both patients, tubular structures in the segments of the small intestine were demonstrated by ultrasonography.	1995	8577517
ascariasis of the kidney.	the very rare occurrence of ascariasis of the kidney is reported in a 6-year-old boy from cape town, south africa. he was acutely ill with pyonephrosis and passed adult ascaris lumbricoides per urethra before having a nephrectomy. there was no evidence of a fistula between the intestines and the urinary system, and as the development of larvae into mature helminths within the renal system is not considered to be possible it is likely that mature worms gained entrance through the urethra. it appe ...	1995	8597847
[parasitic diseases of the liver].	the liver seems to be very attractive for many parasites which may either inhabit the organ or pass through during their normal development or may be carried to the liver leading to destruction there. malaria parasites have a short developmental stage in the hepatocytes, but they do not damage the organ. for the leishmanias (leishmania donovani complex) are the kupffer cells are the target cells causing visceral leishmaniasis or kala azar. nematodes of the ascarid group have a special affinity f ...	1995	8600687
intestinal helminths and xerophthalmia in nepal. a case-control study.	the study reports on 25 cases of xerophthalmia among children 6-120 months of age and single controls for which faecal egg counts were available as proxy for hookworm and ascaris lumbricoides infection. the selection of cases and controls was performed by ophthalmic assistants. controls were healthy children matched for sex, age, and neighbourhood of residence. faecal analyses were performed by kato thick-smear technique, recording the number of eggs of hookworm and a. lumbricoides. the xerophth ...	1995	8606439
ascaris lumbricoides aggregation in relation to child growth status, delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity, and plant anthelmintic use in madagascar.	the relationships between ascaris lumbricoides worm burden, growth status, general delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (dch) response, and plant anthelmintic use were investigated in a 12-mo prospective survey of 663 children, 4-10 yr old, living in the ranomafana rainforest, madagascar. initial fecal examinations revealed prevalences of 93% for a. lumbricoides, 55% for trichuris trichuria, and 27% for hookworm. after anthelmintic treatment and a 12-mo reinfection period, 428 of the children part ...	1996	8627497
vitamin a status of indonesian children infected with ascaris lumbricoides after dosing with vitamin a supplements and albendazole.	in developing countries, both marginal vitamin a status and intestinal helminths are common among children. indonesian children (n = 309, 0.6-6.6 y), known to be infected with ascaris lumbricoides, were randomized into six different treatment groups (a-f). the treatments included 210 mumol vitamin a supplement and a dose of 400 mg albendazole (5-propylthio-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl carbamic acid methyl ester) administered orally either at the same health visit (groups b and f) or at different contact ...	1996	8632218