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[surgical management of liver echinococcosis].in the last ten years 62 patients were operated on by the authors because of liver echinococcosis. each of the infections caused by echinococcus granulosus. in the course of the examination ultrasonography, abdominal x-ray, casoni test and elisa were used. angiography and ercp were applied only to answer special questions. the echinococcus cysts were removed in 15 cases by atypical liver resection, in 42 cases by pericystectomy and in 5 cases by partial cystectomy using the pringle's manoeuvre i ...19938351130
effects of mebendazole, albendazole, and praziquantel on succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate reductase, and malate dehydrogenase in echinococcus granulosus cysts harbored in mice.echinococcus granulosus cyst wall possess high biochemical activities of malate dehydrogenase (md) and fumarate reductase (fr), but low activity of succinate dehydrogenase (sd), suggesting that the cyst wall may utilize a partial reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle. when infected mice were given intragastrically with mebendazole, 25-50 mg.kg-1.d-1, albendazole 300 mg.kg-1.d-1 or praziquantel 500 mg.kg-1.d-1 for 7-14 d, no apparent effects on sd and fr activities of the cyst wall were found, while t ...19938352009
distribution of some elements in hydatid cysts of echinococcus granulosus from buffalo (bubalus bubalis).distribution of some elements during development of endogenous daughter (hydatid) cysts of echinococcus granulosus of buffalo origin was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. these analyses showed that the distribution of copper and cobalt was highest in the smallest cysts. these elements gradually decreased in the cysts as they enlarged. the distribution of zinc, iron and manganese was very high in the smallest cysts in comparison to copper and cobalt, but these three elements decr ...19938354855
sudden death due to ruptured hydatid cyst of the liver.the cyst stage of echinococcus granulosus is commonly located in the liver, which frequently results in a long symptomless period. we present a sudden death due to a freshly hemorrhagic hydatid cyst following blunt trauma to the liver in a 19-year-old boy. the possible mechanism was thought to be an anaphylactoid reaction to the leakage of the cyst fluid.19938355014
anthelmintic effects of cyclosporin a on protoscoleces and secondary hydatid cysts of echinococcus granulosus in the mouse.cyclosporin a (csa), employed primarily as an immunosuppressant during the management of organ and graft transplants, exhibits anthelmintic properties. however, its efficacy against tapeworm infections in laboratory models is variable. a preliminary investigation has been undertaken to assess the action of csa on the establishment and growth of protoscoleces and secondary hydatid cysts of ovine echinococcus granulosus in mice. administration of csa in five consecutive daily doses, beginning 2 da ...19938359980
[echinococcosis--current status of diagnosis and therapy].the most frequent parasitosis in europe is the infection by echinococcus spp. echinococcus granulosus is identified worldwide, 60% of all human infection are found in the liver, where cysts (hydatides) are built. echinococcus alveolaris is found in the northern hemisphere, endemic in middle europe in southern germany, austria and parts of switzerland. 98% of all human infection are localized in the liver, where infiltrative growth destroying the tissue is found. diagnosis is based on serological ...19938366752
molecular cloning and characterization of an echinococcus granulosus cdna encoding malate dehydrogenase. 19938366891
intracranial hydatid cysts in children.brain involvement in hydatid disease occurs in 1 to 2% of all echinococcus granulosus infections. fifty to 75% of intracranial hydatid cysts are seen in children. this study included 19 children who underwent surgery for intracranial hydatid cysts between january 1979 and september 1992. there were 12 boys and 7 girls, ages 3 to 16 years (mean, 8.1 yr). headache and vomiting were the predominant symptoms. papilledema was present in 16 patients, and 2 patients had secondary optic atrophy. a round ...19938367043
[hepatic alveolar hydatidosis].alveolar echinococcosis of the liver is a disease caused by the intrahepatic growth of echinococcus multilocularis larvae. in contrast to hydatidic cyst caused by echinococcus granulosus, this is a rare disease in spain. we present a case of alveolar echinococcosis of the liver which presented with jaundice and hepatomegaly. an infiltrative solid tumor was diagnosed by us and ct scan. the patient required left hepatectomy and interventional radiology procedures with satisfactory results. diagnos ...19938398373
[screening antihydatid drugs using cultivated germinal cells of echinococcus granulosus].germinal cells isolated from echinococcus granulosus cysts harbored in mice have been maintained in an in vitro culture system containing rpmi 1640 supplemented by 20% calf serum, and used as a model for screening anti-hydatid drugs. when the germinal cells were maintained in the medium for 6 days, the cell proliferation rate was rather high in the first four days but declined in the last two days. in screening drugs, 1.4 x 10(6) germinal cells were exposed to known effective drugs against metac ...19938403269
[elib of specific antigens in in vitro cultivated germinal cells of echinococcus granulosus].specific antigens are detected in cyst fluid and cyst wall of echinococcus granulosus, as well as germinal cells cultivated in vitro by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and enzyme linked immunotransfer blot technique (elib), using the sera from mice infected with protoscoleces of e. granulosus for at least 10 months. a specific reaction band of 52 kda or 38 kda was detected in soluble protein of germinal cells and cyst fluid, respectively, but these two react ...19938403282
[preliminary study on monoclonal antibodies against cysticercus cellulosae].in order to produce valuable monoclonal antibodies for immunodiagnosis of cysticercosis, hybridoma technique was adopted using the fusion of splenic lymphocytes from balb/c mice immunized with cysticercus cellulosae antigens and the myeloma cell line ns-1. through screening and cloning, three monoclonal antibody cell lines have been established. immunoglobulin subclasses of 3 lines were determined to be igg1. these monoclonal antibodies were found to be highly specific and without cross reaction ...19938403283
improved primary immunodiagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis in humans by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the em2plus antigen.alveolar echinococcosis (ae) in humans is generally a fatal disease when not diagnosed early enough to provide curative treatment such as radical surgery. immunodiagnosis for early detection of ae was improved by the isolation of an affinity-purified metacestode em2 antigen and by the synthesis of recombinant echinococcus multilocularis antigen ii/3-10. both antigens were individually assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and demonstrated high specificities and diagnostic sensiti ...19938432825
morphological characterization of adult echinococcus granulosus as a means of determining transmission patterns.host induced changes in morphological characters of the rostellar hooks of echinococcus granulosus were used to determine the origin of infection in definitive hosts in rural areas of southeastern australia where wild and domestic cycles of transmission may interact. the morphological characters studied vary depending on the species of intermediate host (macropod marsupials, sheep) in which protoscoleces develop, and these characters are retained in adult worms. it was therefore possible to dete ...19938437058
partial characterization of antigens in circulating immune complexes in cystic hydatid patients treated with albendazole.immune complexes were precipitated by 3% polyethylene glycol (peg) from 4 sera from albendazole-treated hydatid patients from uruguay, and together with sheep hydatid cyst fluid were analysed by ion-exchange fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc). fplc-eluted fractions of serum preparations and cyst fluid were tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of specific echinococcus granulosus antigens and also for presence of specific immunoglobulin (ig) m and igg in the seru ...19938465413
echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts in the livers of two horses. 19938466972
further evidence for the occurrence of a distinct strain of echinococcus granulosus in european pigs.the morphology, adult development and genetic characteristics of echinococcus granulosus isolated from pigs in poland were examined and compared with those of other recognised strains of e. granulosus. the isolates were characterised by their distinct morphology, rapid maturation and unique dna hybridisation profiles. the form of e. granulosus that occurs in european pigs may therefore be a distinct strain that can be separated morphologically and genetically from other strains and that exhibits ...19938469670
a developmentally regulated gene of echinococcus granulosus codes for a 15.5-kilodalton polypeptide related to fatty acid binding proteins.a stage-specific expressed gene has been isolated from a cdna expression library of echinococcus granulosus protoscolices. the isolated clone contains the complete coding sequence. the corresponding protein (egdf1) has a molecular weight of 15.5 kda and is expressed at the tegumental level in the protoscolices, being undetectable in the germinal layer of the metacestode. this protein shares an important homology with a family of low-molecular weight proteins involved in the binding of hydrophobi ...19938479446
molecular cloning of an echinococcal microtrichal antigen immunoreactive in echinococcus multilocularis disease.a cdna expression library of the larval stage of the cestode worm echinococcus multilocularis has been established in the phage lambda zapii system. by immunoscreening with pooled sera from patients with alveolar echinococcosis an immunoreactive clone, termed pem13, was isolated. em13 was expressed using the expression vector pgex-3x, resulting in the synthesis of a glutathione s-transferase fusion protein. 82% of the sera from 28 patients suffering from e. multilocularis disease had antibodies ...19938479454
assessment of monoclonal antibodies to echinococcus granulosus antigen 5 and antigen b for detection of human hydatid circulating antigens.four monoclonal antibodies (mab) to echinococcus granulosus antigen 5 (ag5) and antigen b (agb) were assessed in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of circulating antigens (cag) in sera of human patients with e. granulosus infection. around 5.5-8% of 200 sera from 42 surgically proven hydatid patients contained detectable cag by individual mab. the combined detection rate for cag, using four mab, was 19% (38/200). although hydatid cag was detected by mab in at least one s ...19938479805
ultrastructure and microanalyses of the calcareous corpuscles of the protoscoleces of echinococcus granulosus.the calcareous corpuscles of the protoscolex stage of echinococcus granulosus are irregularly spherical or ovoid in shape and have a diameter ranging between 2 and 16 microns. the central region of immature corpuscles is composed of an electron-lucent matrix containing granular deposits and, in more mature corpuscles, paired membrane lamellae. energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis of sectioned immature corpuscles demonstrated calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, whilst a quantitative analysis indi ...19938493249
survey of echinococcosis in eastern ethiopia.a total of 171 adult cattle and nine stray dogs were examined for echinococcus granulosus in eastern ethiopia. prevalences of 20.5% and 22% were recorded in cattle and dogs, respectively. some of the factors involved in the transmission dynamics are discussed.19938493763
[effects of mebendazole on glucose, glycogen, lactic acid, and lactate dehydrogenase in echinococcus granulosus cyst wall].the glucose, glycogen, and lactic acid contents in echinococcus granulosus cyst wall were 3570 +/- 623, 1276 +/- 126, and 267 +/- 29 micrograms.g-1, respectively. the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) activity in the cyst wall was 4307 +/- 297 u/(min.mg protein). when infected mice were treated ig with mebendazole (meb) 25 or 50 mg.kg-1.d-1 for 7-14 d, the glucose and glycogen contents in the cyst wall decreased markedly. no apparent changes in lactic acid and ldh activity were seen. the results sugge ...19938503286
isolation & immunochemical characterization of diagnostically relevant antigens of echinococcus granulosus.two hydatid specific polypeptides with molecular masses of 8 kda and 116 kda have been successfully isolated from e. granulosus hydatid cyst fluid using affinity chromatography. sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western immunoblot analysis under reducing and denaturing conditions indicated the 116 kda purified antigen to be a hetero-tetramer consisting of 45 kda, 66 kda, 75 kda and 116 kda subunits linked by disulphide bonds while the 8 kda purified antigen was found ...19938505079
treatment of echinococcus granulosus cysts. 19938511523
the art of parasite survival.parasites develop and survive in an environment which is often hostile to them. when facing aggressive conditions parasites are able to use various and complex strategies. echinococcus granulosus, toxocara canis, pneumocystis carinii, entamoeba or toxoplasma gondii are able to seclude from the environment when stressed by surrounding (immunologic or non-immunologic) aggressive factors. specific antigens which exert a functional activity during a short period of time appear to be concealed from t ...19958520537
distribution of cobalt in parasitic helminths.the distribution of cobalt in parasitic helminths belonging to the trematodes, cestodes or nematodes was determined by the use of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. the results of these analyses have demonstrated that growing trematodes (smaller forms) with active oogenesis and spermatogenesis contained more cobalt that older forms (large or very old adults) with empty uteri and large lobulated testes. in cestodes the neck region of cysticerci and immature proglottids of adults showed more ...19958522770
purification and partial characterization of the cytosolic malate dehydrogenase from protoscolices of echinococcus granulosus. 19958538696
use of a monoclonal antibody against the antigen b of echinococcus granulosus for purification and detection of antigen b.a monoclonal antibody directed against the 8 kda subunit of antigen b of echinococcus granulosus was raised. this antibody was used for purification of antigen b by affinity chromatography. sds-page and immunological analysis of the purified antigen b demonstrated that the 8 kda antigen b subunit was purified to homogeneity. the purified antigen retained its strong immunoreactivity in elisa using human hydatid sera. furthermore, a sandwich elisa was established for detection of antigen b from hy ...19958541895
echinococcus granulosus: partial characterization of the conductive properties of two cation channels from protoscoleces of the ovine strain, reconstituted on planar lipid bilayers.two cationic channels present in the microsomal fraction from echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces of the sheep strain were studied in planar bilayer reconstitution experiments. a whole-worm homogenate was subjected to differential centrifugation and the postmitochondrial supernatant was laid on the top of a discontinuous sucrose gradient. the 15-30% (w/v) membrane fraction, enriched in nadph-cytochrome c reductase, exhibited the highest fusion rate, two cationic channels being most frequently ...19958542996
the seroprevalence of ten zoonoses in two villages of crete, greece.the seroprevalence and incidence of 10 zoonoses due to rickettsia typhi, r. conorii, coxiella burnetii, burcella sp., borrelia sp., toxoplasma sp., leishmania sp., entamoeba histolytica, echinococcus granulosus and fasciola hepatica were studied in an animal husbandry and a farming village in crete, greece. the serum conversion incidence of each infectious agent was determined by testing 2 blood samples, collected in 1985 and in 1987. the surveillance was conducted using detailed transparent map ...19958549708
the pattern of respiratory burst of leucocytes in patients with echinococcus granulosus.the function of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmn) of patients with hydatidosis was investigated. the patients were divided into three categories according to the characteristics of the cyst (calcified, alive and dead cyst). healthy blood donors were used as a control group. the oxidative activity of pmn was determined by chemiluminescence (cl) assay. reduction of ferricytochrome c was used to measure the superoxide (o2-) production. phagocytosis was monitored by opsonized yeast uptake. the resu ...19958559081
imported echinococcosis in southern california.a retrospective chart review conducted at two teaching hospitals in los angeles county identified 28 patients with infection due to echinococcus granulosus diagnosed by positive echinococcal serology and/or tissue biopsy between january 1981 and december 1990. of these patients, 25 (89%) were foreign born and 19 (68%) were immigrants from the middle east or central asia. only 12 of 22 immigrants questioned about epidemiologic risk factors described a history of rural residence or direct exposure ...19958561274
changes in t-cell subpopulations in mice during prolonged experimental secondary infection with echinococcus granulosus.balb/c mice were infected intraperitoneally with protoscoleces of echinococcus granulosus. after 15 months of infection, and by means of flow cytometry, the expression of t-cell markers cd3, cd4, and cd8 on t cells from peripheral blood, spleen, and thymus was analyzed and compared with that of age-matched controls. infected mice had higher percentages of cd3+, and cd4+ cells in peripheral blood, and higher percentages of cd8+ cells in the spleen, when compared with control mice. cd4+ and cd8+ c ...19958562871
effect of antihydatid drugs on carbohydrate metabolism of metacestode of echinococcus granulosus.a biochemical some enzymes of glycolysis and a partial reversed tricarboxylic acid cycle together with hydrolytic enzymes in the cyst wall of echinococcus granulosus was carried out. lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), pyruvate kinase (pk), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck), and adenosine triphosphatase (atpase) showed their high level of activity, suggesting that the proliferation of e. granulosus cyst wall is an energy-dependent process and the major pathways for glucose metabolism is glycoly ...19958575235
gross and light-microscopic features of ovine pulmonary hydatidosis and verminous pneumonias in morocco.verminous pneumonias appear to be common in sheep in morocco, therefore, a systematic study was undertaken to classify the pulmonary changes induced by various parasites in morocco. a total of 613 pairs of lungs with parasitic pneumonias were diagnosed in 1152 young and adult sheep either slaughtered at two abattoirs in morocco (487 out of 1152 sheep) or received at necropsy services (126 out of 1152 sheep) over a 15-month period. based on gross and microscopic findings, four types of pulmonary ...19958592907
the effects of ivermectin on the hydatid cyst of echinococcus granulosus after direct injection at laparotomy.the effect of ivermectin on the hydatid cysts of echinococcus granulosus was studied in vivo. jirds were infected with secondary hydatid cysts of e. granulosus by intraperitoneal passage. one to one and a half years postinfection a laparotomy was performed on each of 20 jirds and the hydatid cysts located. ivermectin or the vehicle (1% dimethyl sulfoxide in sterile physiological saline) was injected into a single hydatid cyst in each animal (10 with ivermectin; 10 with vehicle as control). the j ...19968627486
cytochemical study of the germinal membrane of the echinococcus granulosus cyst.the present cytochemical study was undertaken to provide more information on the localization of enzymatic and glycoconjugates in the germinal membrane of the echinococcus granulosus cyst. the distinctive distribution of binding sites for two lectins (peanut agglutinin and dilochos biflorus agglutinin) in the germinal membrane are described. an investigation is made of the distribution and specific activity of adenosine triphosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. the results sugge ...19968638382
recurrent hepatic hydatid disease with secondary splenic infestation.hydatid disease caused by echinococcus granulosus is a common problem throughout the world, but is rarely encountered in the western countries. the liver and lungs are the most frequently involved organs in hydatid disease. the cyst may become very large and rupture. abdominal, pelvic and pleural dissemination due to spread of parasitic contents may follow. splenic involvement in hydatid disease is uncommon, representing less than 2% of all human infestations by echinococcus. we report a recurre ...19968647783
characterization of a flatworm ribosomal rna-encoding gene: promoter sequence and small subunit rrna secondary structure.the transcription start point (tsp) of a ribosomal rna (rrna)-encoding gene (rdna) from echinococcus granulosus has been mapped at a position located 1.1 kb upstream from the small subunit (ssu) rrna coding sequence. as expected from the analysis of the putative promoter sequence (-200 to +50), no homology was found with rdna promoters from other organisms. nevertheless, some interesting motifs were found. there is a d(t)11 track flanked by an inverted repeat (ir) centered at position -32, which ...19968666275
acute cholecystitis and cholangitis caused by echinococcus granulosus.we report for the first time in the recent north american literature, the case of a patient with rupture of a hepatic hydatid cyst into the gallbladder, with subsequent obstruction of the cystic duct by a daughter cyst acting as a ball-valve and causing acute acalculous cholecystitis.19968677959
[the spread of the principal socially important parasitic disease on the territory of the chukot autonomous okrug (chao)].the paper provides the examination findings of helminthiases in the population of the town of anadyr, the settlements of kanchalan, krasneno, and in the reindeer-breeding teams of the anadyr district, cad. the children infected with enterobiasis were shown to amount to 15.1 to 22.9%, diphyllobothriasis was detected in 12.9 - 33.7% of the examinees. single cases of ascariasis were revealed. analysis of 232 cases with echinococcosis demonstrates that the infection is prevalent over the whole chuko ...19968700016
toxocariasis: a cause of hyper ige and eosinophilia.we present a patient with elevation of total serum ige, eosinophilia and toxocara exoantigen specific igg and ige antibodies (detected by elisa and rast, respectively). we ruled out atopy and other parasitic diseases common in our habitat (e.g., echinococcus granulosus, ascaris lumbricoides, schistosoma mansoni). the patient was asymptomatic over the four years of the study, and the levels of total serum ige, eosinophils and toxocara exoantigen specific igg and ige remained high. although at pre ...19958705015
[genetic differentiation of helminths on the basis of data of polymerase chain reaction using random primers].the genetic variability of helminths belonging to the three classes cestoda, nematoda and trematoda was analysed by means of polymerase chain reaction with randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd-pcr). dendrograms of genetic relationships between some representatives of the genus trichinella, fasciola hepatica, cysticerus ovis, echinococcus granulosus, and nematodirus spathiger were constructed on the basis of dna amplification patterns. the formation of ecological and genetic adaptations in th ...19968713628
molecular cloning and characterization of an echinococcus multilocularis and echinococcus granulosus stress protein homologous to the mammalian 78 kda glucose regulated protein. 19958719168
["arbitrarily primed pcr". or: chance in the service of science]."arbitrarily primed pcr" (ap-pcr) methods are based on the amplification of dna with arbitrarily selected primers. in the present review article two selected applications of this methodical approach are summarized. using the rapd ("random amplified polymorphic dna") technique the genetic variability of different organisms can be analyzed by generating a genomic fingerprint. echinococcus granulosus isolates (metacestodes) from spain and switzerland were comparatively characterized by the use of t ...19968721188
diagnosis and treatment of hepatic hydatid cysts with the aid of echo-guided percutaneous cyst puncture.the usefulness of echo-guided percutaneous cyst puncture in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic hydatid cysts was assessed in a study of 45 patients referred to the department of tropical medicine at kasr el aini hospital in cairo. all subjects had at least one hepatic cyst detected by ultrasonography (54 cysts in all), and 42 patients had positive results in serological tests for antibodies to echinococcus granulosus. the majority of cysts were in the right hepatic lobe (40 cysts), were anec ...19958749617
detection of hydatid antigen by co-agglutination in fluid samples from hydatid cysts.the co-agglutination (co-a) procedure was standardized and evaluated to detect hydatid antigen in fluid samples aspirated from hydatid cysts. samples were collected from 14 hydatid cysts in different organs (liver, 7; lung, 5; multiple abdominal cysts, 1; and kidney, 1) by surgery. echinococcus granulosus scolices and hooklets were seen in only 6 (42.85%) samples by routine microscopy. in contrast, hydatid antigen was demonstrated in all the samples by co-a (100% sensitivity). co-a could be empl ...19968758068
[echinococcosis of the heart].human disease caused by echinococcus granulosus is rare in northern europe, but is seen increasingly due to migration of labour and of tourism to endemic areas e. g. southern europe and the middle east. echinococcosis of the heart occurs in only 0.5 to 2% of cases of echinococcosis. diagnosis is difficult because of the long latency between infection and manifestation of disease, and also because symptoms are unspecific. it is a diagnosis "to think of". apart from a thorough history serological ...19968767863
guidelines for treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. who informal working group on echinococcosis.summarized in this article are recent experiences in the treatment of human cystic echinococcosis (ce) and alveolar echinococcosis (ae) of the liver caused by the metacestode stages of echinococcus granulosus and e. multilocularis, respectively. for ce, surgery remains the first choice for treatment with the potential to remove totally the parasite and completely cure the patient. however, chemotherapy with benzimidazole compounds (albendazole or mebendazole) and the recently developed pair proc ...19968789923
production of il-5 and il-6 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from patients with echinococcus granulosus infection.the role of th2 cytokines in human hydatidosis was evaluated in elisa determining il-5 and il-6 production in pbmc cultures from 27 pharmacologically treated hydatid patients and from 13 uninfected controls. pbmc from patients produced large amounts of parasite antigen-driven il-5, whereas pbmc from uninfected individuals produced none. in contrast, pbmc from patients and from uninfected controls produced large amounts of parasite antigen-driven il-6. immunoglobulin isotype analysis revealed tha ...19968809134
the ultrastructural localization of echinococcus granulosus antigen 5.murine monoclonal and polyclonal antisera, raised against the 38 kda subunit of echinococcus granulosus antigen 5, were used to investigate the tissue distribution of the antigen in hydatid cysts. immunoreactivity was visualized by indirect immunofluorescence on whole protoscoleces, and ultrastructural immunocytochemistry utilizing colloidal gold-based labelling procedures on unsectioned and cryosectioned brood capsules and protoscoleces. in protoscoleces, the 38 kda subunit of antigen 5 was loc ...19968811847
molecular characterisation of a novel 8-kda subunit of echinococcus granulosus antigen b. 19968813671
serologic recognition of hydatid cyst antigens using different purification methods.the specificity and sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) and western immunoblot assays in detecting antibodies in serum from patients suffering cystic hydatid disease (echinococcus granulosus) are compared using either crude antigen preparations (total sheep hydatid fluid and homogenates of protoscoleces), purified fractions enriched in antigens 5 and b, and glycoproteins from hydatid fluid. polyprotein bands of 12-14, 20, and 34 kda, when purified from hydatid fluid by appl ...19968831035
immunoglobulin and cytokine profile in murine secondary hydatidosis.we have investigated specific immune responses in balb/c mice with experimentally induced secondary hydatidosis. following intraperitoneal inoculation of brood capsules containing echinococcus granulosus-protoscoleces, the course of the infection was followed for 513 days. the sera of the mice were screened for the presence of a number of cytokines, and for specific antibodies. during the first 129 days of infection, high levels of cytokines tnf alpha, il-alpha, ifn gamma, il-6, and il-10 and sp ...19958834762
left ventricular hydatid cyst: an unusual location of echinococcus granulosus with multiple organ involvement.cardiac echinococcus is rare but usually associated with fatal complications. an unusual case of cardiac hydatid cyst with multiple organ involvement is presented in which transesophageal echocardiography provided additional information and confirmed transthoracic echocardiographic findings.19968849622
genetic variability in italian sheep isolates of echinococcus granulosus.the possible polymorphism of distinct italian echinococcus granulosus isolates was evaluated by rapd-pcr using five arbitrarily chosen random primers. sheep dna was used as control in each rapd-pcr to ascertain the host dna contamination. distinct amplification patterns were detected for each isolate revealing identical bands, with the same or different intensity, as well as distinct bands. the results of this study confirm the usefulness of rapd-pcr technique in genetic typing of parasites and ...19968856946
cestodes. echinococcus.this article deals with cystic echinococcosis (ce) and alveolar echinococcosis in humans caused by the cestode parasites echinococcus granulosus and echinococcus multilocularis. the life cycles of these parasites and their epidemiologic aspects are briefly discussed, and a detailed review is presented on clinical aspects of the diseases, including diagnosis and therapy. considerable progress has been made in chemotherapy but the results are not yet satisfactory. a new alternative for treatment o ...19968863045
echinococcus granulosus antigen b and seroreactivity in natural ovine hydatidosis.hydatid cyst fluid from sheep and camels infected with echinococcus granulosus, together with partially purified preparations of hydatid fluid antigen b and a recombinant antigen b product, were tested in an elisa for their ability to detect igg antibodies against e granulosus in the serum of naturally infected sheep. the antibody activity in sera from sheep naturally infected with taenia hydatigena cysticercosis or fasciola hepatica was also tested. all the antigen preparations from native hyda ...19968880977
the rupture of hepatic hydatid disease into the right hepatic vein and bile ducts: a case report.echinococcus granulosus and echinococcus multilocularis cause liver hydatid disease. one of its most common complications is rupture into the bile ducts; however, penetration of a cyst into a vessel is a very rare complication. we detected a defect (2 x 1 cm) on the wall of the right hepatic vein, in addition to three distinctive ruptures into the bile ducts, in our case. for systemic hypotension due to a bleeding during operation and to repair the vessel wall defect, an urgent right thoracotomy ...19968884329
comparison of serodiagnostic tests and ultrasonography for cystic hydatidosis in an epidemiological study of rural uruguay.cystic hydatidosis (ch) caused by echinococcus granulosus is an important zoonosis worldwide. several serodiagnostic and ultrasound tests are currently used for screening asymptomatic ch. the sensitivity of the serodiagnostic tests has been demonstrated by several groups to be lower than ultrasonography (us). to explain the mechanism of the difference in sensitivity, a large-scale us survey combined with an igg4-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test was conducted in uruguay. our results suggest ...19968885905
seroepidemiological survey of taenia saginata cysticercosis in kenya.a sero-epidemiological study of taenia saginata cysticercosis was carried out to determine the prevalence and distribution of the infection in three provinces of kenya. serum samples and meat inspection records were collected from cattle at slaughter at export and district abattoirs. cattle origin and the presence of t. saginata cysticerci were noted as was the prevalence of other helminths such as echinococcus granulosus and fasciola gigantica. serum samples were screened for circulating parasi ...19968888551
antibody responses of patients with cystic hydatid disease to recombinant myophilin of echinococcus granulosus.hydatid patients were investigated for the presence of specific serum antibodies against a recombinant echinococcus granulosus antigen, designated myophilin. the clinical history of each patient was examined to determine any correlation between factors such as cyst location and medical treatment on the presence or absence of antibodies to myophilin. specific antibodies against recombinant myophilin were detected by western blot analysis in 38.8% (7 of 18) of the hydatid patients examined. these ...19968910655
immune response and in vivo production of cytokines in patients with liver hydatidosis.cytokines play an important role in the human immunological response, but the exact role of cytokines in the human immune response against parasites, especially against echinococcus granulosus, remains unclear. il-1, il-2, il-4 and tumour necrosis factor (tnf) levels in peripheral blood of 21 patients with liver hydatidosis were evaluated before surgical treatment, and the levels of iga, igm, igg, ige, specific ige against e. granulosus, c3, c4 and df complement fractions and cd20, cd3, cd4, cd8 ...19968918579
partial purification and kinetic properties of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase from ovine liver echinococcus granulosus protoscolices.cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase from ovine liver echinococcus granulosus protoscolices was purified 22-fold by qae- and sp-sephadex chromatography. the ph optimum of the enzyme was 8.0 in either tris-hci or barbital buffer. the km values of oxaloacetate and nadh were 0.400 +/- 0.018 and 0.410 +/- 0.038 mm, respectively. the enzyme lost about 90% of its activity when heated for 2 min at 65 degrees c. a 61.4% inhibition of the enzyme was noted at 4 mm concentration of diethyl pyrocarbonate. a 3 m ...19968925442
[echinococcosis infection in three children].echinococcus granulosus infection was diagnosed in three children living in the city. in no case could we document the source of infection.19968927493
echinococcus granulosus in spain: strain differentiation by sds-page of somatic and excretory/secretory proteins.a comparison was made, by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), of excretory/secretory (es)-crude and immunopurified (with the corresponding anti-host serum) hydatid fluids-and somatic (s)-protoscoleces-proteins, from several ovine, equine, swine, bovine and human echinococcus granulosus spanish isolates. likewise, the host influence on parasitic es protein expression was studied, comparing purified hydatid fluids from ovine and equine cysts obtained from natural ...19968960221
echinococcus granulosus: genomic and isoenzymatic study of spanish strains isolated from different intermediate hosts.the phenomenon on intraspecific variation in echinococcus granulosus is already documented in spain, where unilocular hydatidosis is an endemic disease. the first speciation studies, focused at a genomic level, showed the existence of three different strains: ovine-bovine-human, equine and swine-caprine. in the present study, the genomic identification, by random amplified polymorphic dna technique (rapd) of a larger number of spanish e. granulosus isolates, using five different primers, showed ...19968966993
the immunodiagnostic potential of echinococcus granulosus adult-worm antigens in human cystic echinococcosis.echinococcus granulosus adult-worm antigens were characterised for assessment of their immunodiagnostic potential for human cystic echinococcosis (ce). the analysis of worm extracts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) showed a sensitivity of 83% for ce, which is comparable with data obtained for cyst-fluid-based serodiagnostic tests. immunoprecipitation of in vitro-translated e. granulosus worm mrna revealed a range of low-molecular-weight antigenic proteins (12-45 kda) recognised by hu ...19979000242
molecular genetic analysis of human cystic hydatid cases from poland: identification of a new genotypic group (g9) of echinococcus granulosus.we have used nuclear (ribosomal its1) and mitochondrial (nd1) sequences to characterize human and pig isolates of echinococcus granulosus collected by fine needle aspiration biopsy (fnab) in poland. the data indicate clearly that the polish patients were not infected with the common sheep strain (g1 genotype) of e. granulosus, normally associated with human cystic hydatid infection. instead, the hydatid parasite infecting the polish patients shares very similar nd1 sequence with the previously c ...19979011072
improvement of a polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of echinococcus multilocularis dna in faecal samples of foxes.a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was developed in order to permit a sensitive and specific identification of echinococcus multilocularis dna from fox faecal specimens. in an attempt to overcome problems related to the presence of endogenous pcr inhibitors in faecal extracts, we investigated a dna extraction technique using an anion binding resin (gene-fizz). this simple and rapid procedure was applied to 61 faecal samples. compared with the traditional microscopic examination, the sensit ...19969017867
transmission of hydatid disease to sheep from wild dogs in victoria, australia.adult tapeworms and metacestodes of echinococcus granulosus were found commonly in wildlife on crown land (alpine national park or state forest) in the area around mansfield, victoria. a total of 756 sheep from 32 farms in the areas were examined at slaughter. seventeen of the farms (group a) adjoined crown land and wild dogs commonly entered these farms and killed sheep. a high prevalence of hydatid infection was found in sheep from 15 of these farms. serology and arecoline purging failed to id ...19969024871
the nucleotide sequence and predicted secondary structure of small subunit (18s) ribosomal rna from spirometra erinaceieuropaei.the nucleotide (nt) sequence of a small subunit (18s) ribosomal rna gene from the plerocercoid of spirometra erinaceieuropaei (sep) was determined. the gene with 2182 bp in length is larger than that of most eukaryotes. extra nt sequences occur in regions known to be variable (v4 and v7). the predicted secondary structure of the nt positions 679-933 (v4) revealed different helices from that of other eukaryotes. the region between nt positions 1540 and 1749 (v7) was different from that of other e ...19979031632
in vivo inhibition of the regenerative capacity of hydatid material after treatment with netobimin.the effect of netobimin and netobimin plus fenbendazole administration on secondary hydatid disease was studied. secondary hydatid disease in gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) was produced by intraperitoneal inoculation of protoscolices of echinococcus granulosus. the experimental animals received doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg of netobimin or a mixture of netobimin and 1.7 mg/kg of fenbendazole. the results showed that after a single dose of netobimin at the studied concentrations, the cystic material ...19979039691
the b cell epitope of paramyosin recognized by a protective monoclonal ige antibody to schistosoma japonicum.passive immunization of mice with a monoclonal ige antibody to schistosoma japonicum (sj18 epsilon. 1) induces significant protection to a challenge infection and the target molecule of sj18 epsilon. 1 is paramyosin. in the present study, we demonstrate the b cell epitope of paramyosin recognized by sj18 epsilon. 1 by using a series of deletion mutants expressed in escherichia coli. sj18 epsilon 1 reacted with the recombinant paramyosin containing 113 amino acids (glu301. ala413) but not with a ...19979041670
current trends in the diagnosis and management of cystic hydatid disease of the liver.cystic hydatid disease caused by echinococcus granulosus most commonly involves the liver. recent years have seen many changes in modalities of diagnosis and treatment of cystic disease in the liver. currently used methods of immunodiagnosis, newer radiological modes of imaging, emerging non-surgical techniques of management and the impact of minimal access surgery in this disease are highlighted in the present review.19969057445
hydatid cysts in the liver.a 67-year-old taiwanese woman with multilocular hydatid cysts of the liver presented with a 5-month history of intermittent right upper abdominal discomfort. abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography showed multiple cysts in both lobes of the liver. subsequent selective celiac angiography revealed an avascular space-occupying lesion in the right lobe. she underwent a radical excision of the cyst by total closed (without opening the wall) cystopericystectomy over segments 4, 5 and 6. hist ...19969064011
renal echinococcosis: clinical study of 34 cases.hydatid disease, a cyclo-zoonotic parasitic infestation caused by the larval stage of the cestode echinococcus granulosus, is prevalent worldwide. we reviewed the clinical findings of a large series of renal hydatidosis treated in an endemic area with special emphasis on diagnostic pitfalls.19979072567
differentiation of spanish strains of echinococcus granulosus using larval rostellar hook morphometry.two multivariate statistical procedures (principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis) were used to analyse morphometric data from larval hooks of spanish samples of echinococcus granulosus previously characterized in physiological, biochemical and genetic studies. the 5 physical variables considered could be reduced to 2 functional variables ("length of hooks" and "number of hooks"). the number of hooks was found not to be a reliable character to differentiate between strains ...19979076528
the early stages of echinococcus granulosus development.the paper points out the essential aspects of host/parasite relationship during the development of oncospheres (onc) of echinococcus granulosus into an early cyst. secretions of the penetration glands in the hatched onc causes lysis of host tissue during penetration of the activated onc. it also protects the parasite against the host's immune response while developing the laminated layer. the microvilli, compressed under the plasma membrane in the hatched onc, are uplifted in the activated larva ...19979095285
intraspecific variation of echinococcus granulosus and related species with emphasis on their infectivity to humans.four species are presently recognised within the genus echinococcus, namely echinococcus granulosus, e. multilocularis, e. oligarthrus and e. vogeli, which are infective to humans. evidence for strain diversity within the species e. granulosus, previously mainly based on morphological, biological and biochemical features, has been principally confirmed by recent genetic studies. several molecular techniques are now available which allow the identification of e. granulosus strains. epidemiologica ...19979095286
t-lymphocyte cytokine mrna expression in cystic echinococcosis.in the present study we investigated cytokine mrna expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from patients with cystic echinococcosis (ce) after stimulation with different antigens. by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) we could demonstrate that restimulation with crude echinococcus granulosus antigen (eg-ag) induced or enhanced th2 cytokine mrna expression, especially il-5 (by using antigen from sheep cyst fluid) in 23 out of 26 investigated ce patients ...19979095287
detection of specific echinococcus granulosus antigen 5 in liver cyst bioptate from human patients.eighty one liver cyst fluid samples obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy (fnab) in human patients were examined for specific e. granulosus antigen 5 (ag5). the patients were suspected cases of hepatic cystic echinococcosis (ce) but protoscolices and hooks had not been found in the cyst bioptates. presence of ag5 was tested for using enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (elisa) technique with monoclonal antibody against ag5. sensitivity of the test was approximately 1 ng of antigen/1 ml of exa ...19979095289
principles of the surgical approach in human liver cystic echinococcosis.ultrasonography (usg) has recently contributed much to the diagnostic of hepatic cystic echinococcosis (ce). the use of portable ultrasonograph allowed us to perform a community survey among 9482 people living in a high risk area for ce in the florida department (uruguay). positive usg results were found in 123 asymptomatic patients. 48 out of 51 usg positive cases were surgically confirmed and 3 were found to be false positive. the results of this survey allowed us to propose a new classificati ...19979095292
aspiration cytology of echinococcus oligarthrus. a case report.fine needle aspiration cytology is a useful technique in the diagnosis of several parasitic infections. the present case highlights the aspiration cytology findings in a case of echinococcus oligarthrus infection, a rare variant of the echinococcus species affecting humans. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report on the cytology of e oligarthrus in english.19979100796
[sudden death caused by an arterial hydatid embolism].history: a 45-year-old woman from turkey who had been living in germany for 6 years, suddenly became short of breath, developed seizures and died within 2 minutes. there was no evidence of previous illness. investigations: at autopsy a large hydatid and many other hydatids of varying sizes were found inside the left heart. rupture of one of the hydatid cysts in the left atrium had caused embolism to the arterial system. the cyst walls showed typical laminar cuticular structure. the sediments of ...19979102272
complement evasion by echinococcus granulosus: sequestration of host factor h in the hydatid cyst wall.hydatid disease, which affects humans and various livestock species, is caused by the larval stages of the cestode parasite echinococcus granulosus. the disease involves the growth of a fluid-filled cyst in the host's internal organs. the hydatid cyst wall is generally thought to preclude the access of host immune cells to the cyst, while allowing passage of macromolecules. thus, evasion of humoral effector mechanisms, in particular the complement system, may be crucial to parasite survival. eva ...19979103443
giant hydatid cysts of the lung.hydatid disease is a parasitic infection caused by echinococcus granulosus, characterized by cystic lesions in the liver, lungs, and, rarely, in other parts of the body. the large cysts in the lung are a special clinical entity called giant hydatid cysts. characteristics on presentation, operative techniques, and postoperative morbidity and mortality rates in 47 patients with 50 giant pulmonary hydatid cysts 10 cm in diameter or larger were reported in this study.19979104980
specific recognition of hydatid cyst antigens by serum igg, ige, and iga using western blot.diagnosis of hydatid disease in humans relies on the detection of specific antibodies against antigens of the metacestode from echinococcus granulosus. the specificity and sensitivity of current immunological techniques based on specific serum igg rely on the way antigens are purified. we used western immunoblotting to detect specific igg, ige, and iga antibodies in serum from patients with hydatid disease using either crude antigen preparations (total hydatid fluid), purified fractions enriched ...19979138104
[solitary primary cerebral echinococcosis. report of a case].echinococcosis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by echinococcus granulosus. hydatid cysts are mainly diagnosed in adults except for primary cerebral localisation which is electively observed in childhood owing to the early manifestation of signs and/or symptoms of the space-occupying mass. in july 1995 p.n., a 55-year-old woman, was referred to our attention. she complained of intense asthenia, cephalea not responding to nsaids and paroxysms of tremor.19979148231
immunomodulation by hydatid cyst fluid toxin (echinococcus granulosus).since the experimental infection by hydatid cysts (echinococcus granulosus) in mice causes immunomodulation of the host, the effects of hydatid fluid (hf) and fractions of hf were compared in vitro and in vivo. fractions of hf were obtained using ammonium sulphate precipitation, chloroform/methanol extraction and thin-layer chromatography (tlc). hf proved to be toxic to murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro, and when macrophages were incubated with the different fractions of hf, most toxicity w ...19979149282
worming of dogs in mid-wales for echinococcus granulosus. 19979160536
evaluation of scolicidal agents in an experimental hydatid disease model.the treatment of hydatid disease is largely surgical, with medical treatment being reserved as coadjuvant treatment. the scolicidal agents have been, and are being used mainly during surgical manipulation of the cysts, with the object of avoiding relapses and peritoneal dissemination.19979161837
echinococcus granulosus: characterization of the spanish strains using in vitro vesicular development.differences in in vitro vesicular development (microcyst formation) in three spanish strains of echinococcus granulosus (sheep-cattle, horse and pig-goat) are reported. microcyst formation occurred in 19-37 days (sheep strain), 9-18 days (pig strain) and 35-47 days (horse strain). comparing these results with those from human samples (microcyst formation in 24-38 days), it is possible to consider the sheep strain as the most likely source of human infections in spain.19979166439
expression and immunogenicity of an echinococcus granulosus fatty acid-binding protein in live attenuated salmonella vaccine strains.fatty acid-binding proteins (fabps) are candidate molecules for vaccines against several parasitic platyhelminths. a fabp from the cestode echinococcus granulosus (egdf1) was expressed in salmonella vaccine strains as a c-terminal fusion to fragment c of tetanus toxin (tetc) by using expression vector ptech. the fusion protein was equally expressed in several attenuated vaccine strains derived from bacteria with different genetic backgrounds and different attenuating mutations. single-dose immun ...19979169781
intranasal immunization of mice with echinococcus granulosus surface antigens iscoms evokes a strong immune response, biased towards glucidic epitopes.the present work describes the preparation and characterization of iscoms from tegumental antigens of echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces, and their use as immunogens in mice by intranasal and subcutaneous routes. iscoms given at 10 mg doses evoke a significant antibody response when administered i.n. and a strong and long lasting antibody response by s.c. route. the ag administered i.n. in a non-adjuvanted form as a booster was not immunogenic. the i.n. route of immunization induced higher ig ...19979194096
echinococcus.echinococcosis (hydatid disease) is a zoonotic infection of human beings caused by the postlarval metacestode stage of the dog tapeworm, echinococcus. hydatid disease is more frequently the result of infection by echinococcus granulosus and e. multilocularis species, which are more widely prevalent geographically than e. vogeli and e. oligarthus. the epidemiology, biology, and host-parasite relationships of echinococcal infection are discussed, and the clinical consequences of human infection ar ...19979195682
rates of reinfection with echinococcus granulosus, taenia hydatigena, taenia ovis and other cestodes in a rural dog population in uruguay.a survey was undertaken to determine both the prevalence of, and reinfection rates with echinococcus granulosus and other cestodes in the department of florida, uruguay. baseline prevalence was determined in 303 rural dogs which then, in 4 groups, were re-examined 2, 4, 8 or 12 months later. baseline prevalences for e. granulosus, taenia hydatigena, taenia ovis and dipylidium caninum were 13.2, 13.9, 2.3 and 13.2%, respectively. the frequency distribution of e. granulosus was over-dispersed. dog ...19969198601
structural characterization of the n-glycans from echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst membrane and protoscoleces.infection by the tapeworm echinococcus granulosus in the intermediate host results in the development of a hydatid cyst which contains the protoscoleces within a fluid-filled cavity enclosed by the bilayered cyst membrane. n-glycans were enzymatically released from crude extracts of homogenates of hydatid cyst membranes and protoscoleces and their structures were defined by high sensitivity fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry in conjunction with sequential exoglycosidase digestions. the majo ...19979200129
enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay for diagnosis of hydatidosis (echinococcus granulosus) in sheep. 19979203319
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