Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| in vitro immune recognition of synthetic peptides from the plasmodium falciparum cs protein by individuals naturally exposed to different sporozoite challenge. | the impact of duration and intensity of sporozoite challenge on the in vitro cell immune response to synthetic peptides of the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of plasmodium falciparum was investigated in residents of a malaria endemic area in burkina faso (west africa). lymphocyte proliferation and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) production were used to assess immune recognition of synthetic peptides corresponding to the polymorphic th2r and th3r regions, to the conserved cs.t3 sequence and to nanp a ... | 1992 | 1446925 |
| malaria transmission at a new irrigation project in sri lanka: the emergence of anopheles annularis as a major vector. | malaria transmission was studied in a newly irrigated area of the mahaweli project in the dry zone of sri lanka. observations were performed for a three-month period following the northeast monsoon. parasitemia in the population varied from 20.2% in february to 7% in may, and infection was due to both plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax. night catches of mosquitoes collected with human bait included a high proportion of anopheles annularis. mosquitoes containing sporozoites in the salivary glands ... | 1992 | 1449195 |
| seroepidemiologic studies of humoral immune response to the plasmodium falciparum antigens in thailand. | we have investigated seroreactivity against plasmodium falciparum crude parasite antigens, the p. falciparum ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (pf155/resa), as well as against two synthetic peptides (eenv)6 and (eenvehda)3 that represent important epitopes of pf155/resa. the study population consisted of 421 children and adult thais living in an area with moderate malaria transmission. we related these serologic findings to some important epidemiologic baseline data collected in the stud ... | 1992 | 1449196 |
| renal pathology in owl monkeys vaccinated with plasmodium falciparum asexual blood-stage synthetic peptide antigens. | renal specimens from aotus monkeys were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry to examine pathologic changes following vaccination with synthetic peptides corresponding to the 35-kd, 55-kd, and 83-kd asexual blood stage antigens of plasmodium falciparum. the monkeys were vaccinated and later challenged with p. falciparum. in the monkeys vaccinated with centers for disease control peptides (group i), specimens from four of six postvaccinated animals had mild to severe mesangial prol ... | 1992 | 1449202 |
| agglutination of plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes from east and west african isolates by human sera from distant geographic regions. | plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (pfe) were collected from acutely infected children in the gambia and tanzania and cultured for more than 30 hr until the parasites were mature trophozoites. sera collected from these countries, other african countries, asia, and south america were used in the pfe microagglutination test to determine whether pfe from east and west africa share surface antigens. from the patterns of agglutination reactivity, we identified extensive antigenic diversity i ... | 1992 | 1449203 |
| the squirrel monkey as an experimental model for plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte rosette formation. | experimental cerebral malaria was recently found to occur in the squirrel monkey saimiri sciureus when infected with the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. this report is concerned with the existence of spontaneous rosette formation ex vivo (infected blood samples) and in vitro (cultured parasites) between red blood cells (rbc) infected with squirrel monkey-adapted p. falciparum isolates and normal squirrel monkey rbc. transfer of p. falciparum with high rosette formation tendencies ( ... | 1992 | 1449204 |
| a polyclonal but not a monoclonal antibody to an m(r) 52-kd protein responsible for a punctate fluorescence pattern in plasmodium falciparum merozoites inhibits invasion in vitro. | a monoclonal antibody, mab h24, recognized a plasmodium falciparum antigen with a relative molecular mass (m(r)) of 52 kd that appeared to be a rhoptry component by immunofluorescence microscopy. the antigen is synthesized during both ring and schizont stages, but pulse-chase experiments showed that it is not carried through to the next ring stage after reinvasion. it was not labeled by 3h-glucosamine. the purified mab failed to inhibit parasite invasion in vitro. the antigen was isolated using ... | 1992 | 1449207 |
| suppression of plasmodium falciparum infections during concomitant measles or influenza but not during pertussis. | in tropical countries, concomitant infections are a continuous problem. in the rufiji delta, an area of tanzania that is holoendemic for malaria, there were outbreaks of influenza a, measles, and pertussis in 1986 and 1987. significantly lower parasitic prevalences and mean densities of malaria parasites were found in children up to nine years of age who had measles or influenza than in asymptomatic control children. in contrast, children with pertussis had a higher prevalence and mean density t ... | 1992 | 1449208 |
| failure of a synthetic vaccine to protect aotus lemurinus against asexual blood stages of plasmodium falciparum. | the hybrid synthetic protein spf(66), which contains small fragments of the 83-kd, 55-kd, 35-kd, and circumsporozoite antigens of plasmodium falciparum, was studied to determine its protective capacity against malaria infection in aotus lemurinus monkeys. two groups of six monkeys each were immunized six times with this polymer, which was mixed with either freund's adjuvant or aluminum hydroxide. two groups of five animals each were used as controls and immunized with saline solution mixed with ... | 1992 | 1449209 |
| a new model for testing gametocytocidal effects of some antimalarial drugs on plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | a technique is described for obtaining pure gametocyte cultures of plasmodium falciparum, using pyrimethamine at the minimum concentration for inhibition of asexual parasites. routine cultures producing sexual stages were exposed to pyrimethamine on days 5 and 6. these cultures grew synchronously and contained gametocytes of stages ii, iii and v on day 7, 9 and 15 of the cultures respectively. the pyrimethamine-treated gametocytes were more infective to mosquitoes than were untreated controls. t ... | 1992 | 1449270 |
| encystation of giardia lamblia leads to expression of antigens recognized by antibodies against conserved heat shock proteins. | during in vitro encystation, giardia lamblia expresses several stage-specific proteins which are recognized in immunoblots by antisera raised against antigens from three different pathogens. the antigens belong to two different families of conserved stress proteins: (i) hsp60 purified from legionella pneumophila and recombinant hsp60 from mycobacterium bovis bcg and (ii) recombinant hsp70 from plasmodium falciparum. | 1992 | 1452366 |
| the combined effect of iron chelators and classical antimalarials on the in-vitro growth of plasmodium falciparum. | the emergence of drug resistant malaria has prompted an intensified search for new antimalarials or combinations of such drugs. iron chelating agents may represent a new approach to antimalarial treatment and could possibly be used in combination with classical antimalarials. plasmodium falciparum (fcr-3) strain used at a 1% haematocrit, was subjected to various combinations of the classic antimalarials (chloroquine, pyrimethamine and quinine) and iron chelating agents (desferrioxamine and 2,2'- ... | 1992 | 1452491 |
| electron microscopic analysis of circumsporozoite protein trail formation by gliding malaria sporozoites. | immunoelectron microscopic techniques were utilized to characterize the morphology of circumsporozoite protein-containing trails deposited on various substrates by gliding plasmodium berghei and plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. the basic components of the trails are beadlike particles, 25 to 90 nm in diameter, which are devoid of unit membrane and have an electron-lucent center. trails were captured on formvar-covered grids coated with anticircumsporozoite protein monoclonal antibodies and com ... | 1992 | 1453354 |
| glutamate pyruvate transaminase as an indicator of infection with plasmodium falciparum. | a correlation is shown between the presence of trophozoites and/or gametocytes of plasmodium falciparum in thick and/or thin blood films, with the enzyme glutamate pyruvate transaminase (gpt) and a marked increase in serum gpt as a probable consequence of the presence of malaria parasite inferred. it is suggested that serum gpt levels may be used as a reliable marker for malaria infection, but only complementary to microscopic detection of falciparum malaria, rather than being specifically diagn ... | 1992 | 1453910 |
| [late onset plasmodium falciparum malaria revealed by corticoid therapy]. | 1992 | 1454782 | |
| safety and immunogenicity in volunteers of a recombinant plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein malaria vaccine produced in lepidopteran cells. | a recombinant plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (cs) antigen (rpfcsa) was produced in insect cells using a baculovirus expression vector containing the entire cs gene. this near full-length cs antigen was adsorbed onto aluminium phosphate for use as a malaria vaccine. in a study of safety and immunogenicity, 20 volunteers were divided into four groups of five each and inoculated intramuscularly with 10, 100, 500 or 1000 micrograms of vaccine. primary vaccinations were followed by two booste ... | 1992 | 1455910 |
| intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of paediatric cerebral malaria. | hyperimmune globulin can inhibit and reverse the cytoadherence between plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes and melanoma cells in vitro. cytoadherence is believed to mediate disease in cerebral malaria. therefore we studied the efficacy of i.v. immunoglobulin, purified from the plasma of local semi-immune blood donors, as an adjunct to standard treatment for cerebral malaria in malawian children. the immunoglobulin preparation (ifat antimalarial antibody titre 1:5120) recognized erythrocy ... | 1992 | 1458672 |
| kinetics of lymphocyte subsets from peripheral blood during a plasmodium falciparum malaria attack. | variations of lymphocyte subsets were followed longitudinally in 16 patients during an acute falciparum malaria attack. before treatment, lymphocyte numbers were highly reduced, but the subset distribution was similar to that of healthy individuals. after parasite clearance, lymphocyte counts were normalized and the subset distribution was unchanged. this led to a normalization of all the absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets, except cd8+. the fast normalization of lymphocyte counts suggests tha ... | 1992 | 1458676 |
| antigenic diversity amongst ten geographic isolates of plasmodium falciparum defined by merozoite invasion inhibition assay. | the extent to which human antibodies involved in functional immunity react with antigenic determinants varying between different isolates or strains of human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum will influence the design of vaccine against malaria. in this study, in vitro inhibition of merozoite invasion in erythrocytes by an immune human serum was used to define the antigenic differences in 10 isolates of p. falciparum from three endemic areas, i.e. africa, south america and southeast asia. t ... | 1992 | 1459296 |
| observations on malaria patients seeking treatment in hospitals in a rural and an urban area of sri lanka. | malaria in sri lanka is endemic in the dry zone and occurs during epidemics in the wet zone. a survey was carried out on malaria patients presenting at a hospital located in a predominantly rural area in the dry zone (polonnaruwa) and an urban area in the wet zone (ragama). higher incidence of plasmodium falciparum infections than reported nationally were observed in both locations. of particular interest is the rapidity with which patients gained access to hospital treatment after the onset of ... | 1992 | 1459297 |
| some observations on plasmodium falciparum gametocytaemia in natural infections in an endemic area of koraput district, orissa. | peripheral p. falciparum gametocytaemia with respect to its minimum average time taken for appearance in peripheral blood, its peak density, duration of persistence in peripheral circulation, conversion rate and sex ratio was studied in 22 persons with natural infections in a village of koraput district, orissa. the minimum average time taken for the appearance of gametocytes was 9.3 days in children (below 15 years) and 8.9 days in adults (15 years and above). the peak count was low, the maximu ... | 1992 | 1459307 |
| effect of tissue culture media on multiplication of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | to date rpmi-1640 has been the best medium for cultivation of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. in addition to this medium, several alternative media, essentially the ones used in animal and plant tissue culture, were employed for the cultivation of p. falciparum. only the media rich in glucose content, viz. nitsch medium and white's medium s-3, supported the parasite multiplication. | 1992 | 1459308 |
| problem of antimalarial drug resistance in plasmodium falciparum in mizoram. | studies conducted in mizoram during 1981 to 1990 have shown areas with increasing riii level of chloroquine resistance. these foci need urgent liquidation. sulfalene-pyrimethamine drug combination was found suitable for treatment of p. falciparum cases in these areas with only 5.3 per cent cases showing ri level of plasmodium response. quinine combined with sulfalene-pyrimethamine showed 100 per cent success. amodiaquine however was similar in response to chloroquine though the mean parasite cle ... | 1992 | 1459310 |
| deviant tata-box binding protein. | 1992 | 1461276 | |
| [morbidity and severity of malaria attacks in carriers of sickle-cell trait]. | the authors made a survey in a permanent high plasmodium falciparum transmission area to compare frequency and severity of malaria attacks in children belonging to different haemoglobin types before 15 years; 291 young out-patients of the local infirmary and 467 outpatients of the hospital were examined. diagnosis of malaria was inferred from clinical and parasitological criteria and subsequent evolution of the disease. pathogenic threshold of parasitaemia was similar in all haemoglobin type gro ... | 1992 | 1462030 |
| [plasmodium falciparum or p. malariae parasitemia in carriers of sickle cell trait in various benin biotypes]. | the prevalence of malaria and the frequency of gene s were surveyed in two different regions of benin, savana and coastal lacustrine regions. in both regions, prevalence of malaria was not significantly different between hb aa people and hb as people. gene s prevalence was not modified by age, excepted for hb ss which was not found in people upper than 25 years. in holoendemic area, i.e. lacustrine region, means of p. falciparum parasitaemia were significantly lower in hb as children than in hb ... | 1992 | 1462031 |
| the in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of some mannich bases derived from 4-(7'-trifluoromethyl-1',5'-naphthyridin-4'-ylamino)phenol, 2-(7'-trifluoromethyl-quinolin-4'-ylamino)phenol, and 4'-chloro-5-(7''-trifluoromethylquinolin-4''-ylamino)biphenyl -2-ols. | a series of di-mannich base derivatives (4 and 5) from 4-(7'-trifluoromethyl-1',5'-naphthyridin-4'-ylamino)phenol and 2-(7'-trifluoromethylquinolin-4'-ylamino)phenol, respectively, and mono-mannich base derivatives (6) from 4'-chloro-5-(7''-trifluoromethylquinolin-4''- ylamino)biphenyl-2-ol were assayed for activity against the chloroquine-sensitive (fcq-27) isolate of cultured plasmodium falciparum using the inhibition of uptake of radiolabelled hypoxanthine. all seven di-mannich base derivativ ... | 1992 | 1463352 |
| seasonal abundance and biting behaviour of anopheles punctulatus and an. koliensis in malaita province, solomon islands, and a trial of permethrin impregnated bednets against malaria transmission. | seasonal abundance of the malaria vectors anopheles punctulatus dönitz and an.koliensis owen in bilimanu, an isolated inland village with forty-two houses in malaita province of the solomon islands, was monitored over 28 months by means of all-night landing/biting catches at one site during june 1985 to september 1987. totals of 1250 an.punctulatus and 141 an.koliensis were collected, the latter being the largest number of this species ever caught at any locality in the solomons. bednets impregn ... | 1992 | 1463904 |
| [stability of p. falciparum resistance to chloroquine between 1987 and 1989 in mounana, gabon]. | between 1987 and 1989 the trend in the chloroquine resistance of plasmodium falciparum in the mining town of mounana in south-eastern gabon was studied in vivo and in vitro in 58 and 158 subjects, respectively, aged from 1 to 15 years. the tests used were a simplified variant of the standard who 7-day test for the in vivo study and the isotopic semi-microtest of chemosensitivity for the in vitro study. the health situation in 1989 showed no change from the 1987 situation, but an increase in febr ... | 1992 | 1464148 |
| parvovirus b19 infection during acute plasmodium falciparum malaria. | 1992 | 1464364 | |
| trafficking of malarial proteins to the host cell cytoplasm and erythrocyte surface membrane involves multiple pathways. | during the asexual stage of malaria infection, the intracellular parasite exports membranes into the erythrocyte cytoplasm and lipids and proteins to the host cell membrane, essentially "transforming" the erythrocyte. to investigate lipid and protein trafficking pathways within plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes, synchronous cultures are temporally analyzed by confocal fluorescence imaging microscopy for the production, location and morphology of exported membranes (vesicles) and parasi ... | 1992 | 1469045 |
| [is the in vivo test for resistance to antimalarial agents in malaria as defined by the who valid?]. | 1992 | 1469944 | |
| infant and child mortality and malaria in the congo. the trend in the suburbs of brazzaville between 1981 and 1988. | this survey was carried out on a cohort of children born between 1st january 1981 and 30th june 1987 in the maternity department of the hospital in linzolo, a village situated 25 km south-west of brazzaville, the capital of the congo. the mothers of the children resided in the suburbs of brazzaville at the time of delivery. in this region, the rate of transmission of plasmodium falciparum malaria is high without marked seasonable variations. the mothers and children were traced in the second qua ... | 1992 | 1470838 |
| plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum epidemiology in gambella, south-west ethiopia. | plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum epidemiology were studied for parasitological and entomological samples collected during the period 1989 and 1990, respectively, from gambella, south west ethiopia. of the total population examined (n = 1091), 147 (13.5%) were found to be positive for malaria parasites. prevalence rates among males and females were 13.8% and 13.1%, respectively. differences in the prevalence rates of malaria in the eleven villages were observed, the highest (33.3%) being in uku ... | 1992 | 1470839 |
| susceptibility of african isolates of plasmodium falciparum to artemisinin (qinghaosu). | we studied in vitro susceptibility of 79 african strains of plasmodium falciparum to artemisinin, chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine and halofantrine and the potential cross-resistance among the drugs. most strains presented an 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) of artemisinin below 26 nmol/liter. a positive correlation between ic50s of artemisinin and those of quinine, mefloquine and halofantrine was observed. cross resistance between artemisinin and other antimalarials may limit its use as a re ... | 1992 | 1470842 |
| strategies for the development of an antimalarial vaccine. | susceptible aotus monkeys were immunized with escherichia coli-derived fusion proteins containing partial sequences of the proteins msai, serp, hrpii and with a group of three recombinant antigens isolated by screening with an antiserum raised against the protective 41 kda protein band. hrpii, the combination of the fusion proteins of the 41 kda group and a mixture of two sequences of serp conferred significant protection against a challenge infection with plasmodium falciparum blood stages. bas ... | 1992 | 1471413 |
| treatment of patients with recrudescent falciparum malaria with a sequential combination of artesunate and mefloquine. | a sequential combination of artesunate followed by mefloquine was evaluated prospectively in 24 patients with acute recrudescent falciparum malaria. the sequential combination was used to minimize possible side effects and to take advantage of the ability of artesunate to rapidly clear parasitemia and the prolonged effect of mefloquine to clear residual parasites. all patients had experienced one or more treatment failures with one or more courses of the following drugs (administered alone or in ... | 1992 | 1471736 |
| sporozoite transmission by anopheles freeborni and anopheles gambiae experimentally infected with plasmodium falciparum. | a micro-membrane feeding technique was used to evaluate sporozoite transmission for anopheles freeborni and an. gambiae experimentally infected with plasmodium falciparum. from cohorts of infected mosquitoes with equivalent sporozoite loads, 75.9% of 29 an. freeborni transmitted a geometric mean (gm) of 4.9 sporozoites and 80% of 30 an. gambiae transmitted a gm of 11.3 sporozoites. ingested sporozoites, in the blood meal immediately after feeding, were detected in 86.2% of 29 an. freeborni (gm = ... | 1992 | 1474388 |
| plastid origin of an extrachromosomal dna molecule from plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria. | several species of plasmodium have been shown to contain a circular extrachromosomal dna molecule which is widely supposed to be mitochondrial dna. however, it has recently been shown to have a number of features in common with chloroplast dna. here, a phylogenetic analysis of rna polymerase coding sequences from the plasmodium molecule has been carried out using distance matrix, maximum likelihood, parsimony and operator invariant methods. the analysis indicates that the molecule is in fact der ... | 1992 | 1474844 |
| a fourth family of the plasmodium falciparum s-antigen. | the s-antigen of plasmodium falciparum is a highly diverse heat stable protein that is located in the parasitophorous vacuole of the mature asexual intraerythrocytic parasite. the gene for s-antigen exists within the parasite population as multiple alleles at a single locus. its sequence contains a large central block of tandemly arranged peptides that are identical or very similar in one allele but differ widely in sequence, repeat length and number among different alleles, and consequently ant ... | 1992 | 1474992 |
| membrane-associated proteases process plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen-1 (msa1) to fragment gp41. | the plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen-1 (msa1) undergoes stage-specific processing; this processing appears isolate-specific during cleavage to fragment gp41. recombinant substrates were prepared from the two allelic forms of msa1; the mad20 substrate was cleaved at four sites in the molecule whilst the k1 form was cleaved once. however both parasite isolates, although expressing different allelic forms of msa1, possess the same repertoire of msa1-specific proteases. the cleavage s ... | 1992 | 1474993 |
| mung bean nuclease exhibits an exon-excision activity upon the plasmodium falciparum sera gene. | 1992 | 1474998 | |
| molecular analysis of plasmodium falciparum hexokinase. | hexokinase, a key glycolytic enzyme, is involved in the initial phosphorylation reaction of imported glucose and specific blocking of this activity may therefore arrest the development of malaria parasites. we describe here the cloning of a single copy hexokinase gene of plasmodium falciparum (pfhk) from cdna or genomic dna libraries. the deduced amino acid sequence of pfhk has 26% identity with human hexokinase i and its predicted molecular mass assigns it as an invertebrate type isoenzyme of h ... | 1992 | 1475005 |
| autochtonous plasmodium falciparum malaria in southern france. | 1992 | 1475808 | |
| malaria and pregnancy in cameroonian women. naturally acquired antibody responses to asexual blood-stage antigens and the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum. | antibody responses to plasmodium falciparum antigens in women during pregnancy were investigated in mfou, a rural community in cameroon. the study consisted of cross-sectional analyses involving 225 pregnant women and 75 non-pregnant controls. blood samples were collected from each woman to determine serological reactivity to intraerythrocytic malarial antigens, ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (resa) and circumsporozoite (cs) repeat peptide (nanp)5 by the indirect fluorescent antibody ... | 1992 | 1475812 |
| morbidity from malaria and immune responses to defined plasmodium falciparum antigens in children with sickle cell trait in the gambia. | morbidity from plasmodium falciparum malaria and humoral and in vitro cellular immune responses to defined malaria antigens were measured in rural gambian children with haemoglobin phenotype as (hbas) and in those with a normal haemoglobin (hbaa). in a survey undertaken during the dry season, hbas children had a higher parasite rate than hbaa children but a lower prevalence of parasitaemia at a level of 500/microliters or greater. malariometric indices measured during a rainy season survey were ... | 1992 | 1475814 |
| three matrix metalloproteinases form a non-covalent association with the rhoptry-associated protein-1 of plasmodium falciparum. | during the characterization of malaria vaccine candidate proteins, three metalloproteinases having a molecular mass of 220, 95 and 70 kda were found to be co-isolated with the rhoptry-associated protein-1 (rap-1) complex, but not with rap-3 or gp195. these enzymes were also found in detergent extracts of saponin-lysed plasmodium falciparum. of nine proteinase inhibitors tested, only edta was found to abrogate activity. dose-dependent curves were determined for several metal ions and cobalt was f ... | 1992 | 1477099 |
| new trends in chloroquine efficacy in the treatment of malaria: significance of low (scanty) parasitaemia in an endemic area, with emerging chloroquine-resistant p. falciparum. | in a continuous malaria therapy surveillance, using in vivo (who) seven-day-test, extended to 14 days follow up, we evaluated the significance of low (scanty) parasitaemia, in an area with chloroquine resistance p. falciparum (crpf), where self-medication is widely practised. we found that 30.9 pc of the patients screened had plasmodium species, and 71.4 pc of these had low parasite counts of less than 500 parasites/mm3, whole blood. eight pc of these were febrile and 41.7 pc of the parasite str ... | 1992 | 1477881 |
| conservation of repeating structures in the pfemp2/mesa protein of plasmodium falciparum. | 1992 | 1478701 | |
| preparation of dna from blood for polymerase chain reaction in microtiter dish. | 1992 | 1479896 | |
| fluoxetine hydrochloride enhances in vitro susceptibility to chloroquine in resistant plasmodium falciparum. | the emergence of chloroquine resistance in plasmodium falciparum has necessitated the development of alternate strategies for chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis. one approach has been the identification of drugs that do not possess any intrinsic antimalarial activity when used alone but that potentiate the effect of currently available antimalarial drugs, such as chloroquine. we identified fluoxetine hydrochloride (prozac), a commonly prescribed antidepressant, as another resistance modulator for ... | 1992 | 1482144 |
| rheological properties of rosettes formed by red blood cells parasitized by plasmodium falciparum. | a proportion of red blood cells parasitized by plasmodium falciparum form rosettes with non-parasitized red cells. although these rosettes are thought to impair microcirculatory flow, their rheological characteristics have not been fully described. using dual-micropipette manipulation to pull apart individual rosettes, we found that the forces binding rosettes together were strong (average force for removal of a cell was 4.4 x 10(-10) n, approximately 5 times that required to detach a parasitize ... | 1992 | 1482664 |
| superimposing two-dimensional gels to study genetic variation in malaria parasites. | two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is a valuable tool for studying genetic variation in the human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum. it involves examining the position of protein spots in gel produced from different isolates. some spots have been seen to vary, while others have had a constant position in all isolates so far examined. these invariant spots provide a reference frame to compare variations in other spots. this paper discusses the usefulness of digital image han ... | 1992 | 1483429 |
| chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria in calcutta. | 1992 | 1484005 | |
| alpha-tubulin ii is a male-specific protein in plasmodium falciparum. | the tubulin gene family in plasmodium falciparum consists of one beta-tubulin and two alpha-tubulin genes (alpha-tubulin i and ii). we present here data indicating that alpha-tubulin ii is expressed only in male sexual stage parasites. an igm mab, 5e7, specifically reacted with stage iii (day 4-5) through mature (day 10-11) male gametocytes and with emerging, exflagellating, or freely moving male gametes. no reactivity was detected in female gametocytes, female gametes, sporozoites, or asexual p ... | 1992 | 1484548 |
| nucleotide sequence of a plasmodium falciparum stress protein with similarity to mammalian 78-kda glucose-regulated protein. | 1992 | 1484559 | |
| effects of three compounds extracted from morinda lucida on plasmodium falciparum. | the effects of three compounds, digitolutein (1), rubiadin 1-methyl ether (2) and damnacanthal (3) extracted from the stem bark and the roots of morinda lucida benth. on the growth of plasmodium falciparum in vitro were investigated. the number of parasites (schizonts) decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner, and 100% of inhibition was obtained with 30 to 40 micrograms of each compound tested. the ic50 values were calculated. | 1992 | 1484892 |
| in vitro antimalarial activity and chloroquine potentiating action of two bisbenzylisoquinoline enantiomer alkaloids isolated from strychnopsis thouarsii and spirospermum penduliflorum. | the bisbenzylisoquinolines 7-o-demethyltetrandrine and limacine, respectively, isolated from strychnopsis thouarsii baill. and spirospermum penduliflorum thou. were evaluated for their intrinsic antimalarial activity in vitro and chloroquine potentiating action against the chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum fcm 29 originating from cameroon. they both showed significant antiplasmodial potency in vitro with very similar ic50 values of respectively, 740 nm and 789 nm (ic50 = 214 nm for chl ... | 1992 | 1484894 |
| [genetic aspects of sickle cell anemia]. | the genetics of sickle cell anemia may be considered as a model. its mendelian transmission was hypothesized even before the molecular era. once the mutation identified, it could be studied at the protein and dna level; a consistent pathophysiological mechanism was proposed; the various genetic forms of the disease could be identified; the way by which a balanced polymorphism with plasmodium falciparum malaria is obtained was analyzed. more recently, investigations were run in order to understan ... | 1992 | 1485080 |
| malaria and the red cell membrane. | malarial parasites are primarily parasites of red cells and during infection ingest most of the haemoglobin within these cells, leaving the membrane as the only vestige of the original host cell. the red cell membrane thus plays a key role at all stages of infection with malarial parasites, and is modified in many ways during parasitisation, so that at least functionally it has little resemblance to the membrane from which it was originally derived. the highly specific and ordered process of par ... | 1992 | 1486287 |
| plasmodium falciparum synthesizes 43000 daltons protein containing o-linked glucosamine. | 1992 | 1487047 | |
| inducible transport systems in the regulation of parasite growth in malaria-infected red blood cells. | 1992 | 1487065 | |
| malariometric survey in keoudom district, laos: sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum to anti-malarials and automedication with chloroquine. | a malariometric survey was conducted in the keoudom district, in the northern part of vientiane province, laos, where an artificial dam-lake on the nam river is located. the parasite rate of the whole cohort representing 1,105 subjects was 2.44% with the predominance of plasmodium vivax (70%), while p. falciparum represented 30% with the average parasite density index 3. the low spleen rate (2.3%) characterized the study area as a hypoendemic zone. ifat antibodies were examined in 419 subjects. ... | 1992 | 1488689 |
| molecular cloning of plasmodium falciparum blood stage antigens and application of the recombinant proteins in serodiagnosis. | a plasmodium falciparum genomic dna library was established in the expression vector lambda gt11, cloned in escherichia coli. the library was screened with human hyperimmune sera by in situ hybridization. twenty clones expressing p. falciparum sequences as polypeptides fused to beta-galactosidase were identified. one, cd3a/9025/60, reacted with all immune sera and expressed polypeptides that were larger than beta-galactosidase as well as reacting with antibodies to beta-galactosidase and to p. f ... | 1992 | 1488692 |
| in vitro sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum isolates in thailand to quinine and chloroquine, 1984-1990. | 1992 | 1488713 | |
| high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase of plasmodium falciparum and effects of antimalarials on enzyme activity. | a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic technique for the determination of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase in plasmodium falciparum was developed. the assay was applied to the evaluation of the effects of several antimalarial drugs on the enzyme. treatment of both the asexual and gametocyte stages of p. falciparum in culture with menoctone, primaquine or the primaquine derivative wr 238605 led to depression of the enzyme activity, although the drugs did not appear to inhibit the en ... | 1992 | 1491058 |
| ion transport in parasitic protozoa. | many parasitic protozoa go through complex life cycles in the course of which they adapt to widely different environments; ion transport processes are expected to play a role both in pathogenicity and in adaptation. so far, studies on ion transport have been virtually limited to leishmania, plasmodium and entamoeba. the distribution of ion pumps in the former two organisms generally appears to conform to the picture established for other protozoa, i.e. a proton-motive p-atpase in the plasma memb ... | 1992 | 1491229 |
| a bioassay for mefloquine. | a bioassay method that allows for the estimation of serum concentrations of mefloquine is presented. concentrations obtained by bioassay and high performance liquid chromatography showed a good correlation. this bioassay should be helpful in assessing prophylactic/treatment failures to mefloquine under field conditions. | 1992 | 1491307 |
| on-site diagnosis of plasmodium falciparum, p. vivax, and p. malariae by using the quantitative buffy coat system. | the quantitative buffy coat (qbc) system was used for the detection and identification of malaria parasites in blood specimens from 570 residents of oksibil, an isolated highland valley in the eastern jayawijaya mountains of irian jaya (indonesian new guinea). the availability of a battery-powered centrifuge and a fiberoptic paralens enabled us to complete and interpret the assay in this remote environment. of 322 qbc tubes examined for 2-4 min each, results of 295 (92%) concurred with findings ... | 1992 | 1491313 |
| [parasitemia in plasmodium falciparum malarial attacks in children]. | in order to evaluate the predictive value of parasitaemia, this parameter was measured on admission in 69 gabonese children aged from 3 to 13 years hospitalized for plasmodium falciparum malarial attacks. fourteen of these children had cerebral malaria, 5 had isolated convulsions and 50 had uncomplicated attacks. the parasitaemia values measured were compared with those found in asymptomatic children of the same age range carrying trophozoites. there were no significant differences in mean paras ... | 1992 | 1492080 |
| [participation of cytokines and immune sera to the cytoadherence of erythrocytes infected by plasmodium falciparum on the endothelial cells in culture]. | in vitro binding capacity of erythrocytes infected with p. falciparum and the modulation of cytoadherence on human endothelial cells by cytokines and sera from semi immune subjects in relation to cytoadherence were studied. tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-3, alone or in combination with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, enhanced in vitro cytoadherence. contrary to pooled immune sera, patients' sera obtained during acute or convalescent phase did not reverse nor inhibit in v ... | 1992 | 1493578 |
| experimental plasmodium falciparum cerebral malaria in the squirrel monkey saimiri sciureus. | infection of the squirrel monkey, saimiri sciureus, with several strains of plasmodium falciparum leads in a proportion of animals to neurological symptoms with a fatal outcome. this first simian model for human cerebral malaria was studied with three strains of parasites, the uncloned palo alto(fup-1) strain, the palo altoplf3 clone mhb11, and the recently monkey-adapted p. falciparum strain ipc/ray. cerebral malaria could develop during primo infection of monkeys, whether the animals had been ... | 1992 | 1493871 |
| plasmodium falciparum: chymotryptic-like proteolysis associated with a 101-kda acidic-basic repeat antigen. | malaria proteinases appear to function in the release of merozoites from infected erythrocytes and the invasion of merozoites into erythrocytes. chymostatin, an inhibitor of chymotrypsin-like proteinases, inhibits malaria invasion and also inhibits apparent autoproteolysis of a 101-kda acidic-basic repeat antigen (p101-abra) that is found in the vacuolar space surrounding merozoites in plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. after purification by a monoclonal antibody (mab 3d5), p101-abra d ... | 1992 | 1493872 |
| antimalarial drug resistance: the pace quickens. | 1992 | 1493976 | |
| [angkor. the mystery of the dead city and anopheles dirus]. | the desertion of angkor, which during more than five centuries was the center of a glorious civilization, has long been a matter of mystery and conjecture. the discovery of the vectorial capacity of the jungle mosquito anopheles dirus, its epidemiological importance in the emergence and spread of multidrug resistance in plasmodium falciparum malaria, the wiping out of large populations after transfer or deportation of non-immune khmers into forest areas can now easily explain the desertion of an ... | 1992 | 1494307 |
| malaria transmission and vector biology on sainte marie island, madagascar. | a 17-mo longitudinal malaria survey (november 1988-march 1990) was carried out on sainte marie island, an area on the east coast of madagascar which is frequently visited by tourists. during 706 man-nights of capture, 46,401 mosquitoes belonging to 32 species were caught. sporozoite rates were determined by elisa and incriminated anopheles gambiae giles s.s., an. funestus giles, and an. mascarensis de meillon as vectors of malaria. an. gambiae, the main vector, was highly anthropophilic but larg ... | 1992 | 1495029 |
| efficacies of chloroquine, pyrimethamine/sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine/sulphalene against p. falciparum in northeastern nigeria. | the clinical and parasitologic efficacies of oral chloroquine phosphate, pyrimethamine/sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine/sulphalene in treating plasmodium falciparum malaria were assessed in selected sites of northeastern nigeria (zone d of the primary health care (phc) programme) using a 14-day standard in-vivo protocol during 1988-1990. of a total of 2056 children under 5 years screened for infection, for chloroquine trials, 1189 (57.8%) were positive for plasmodium infection. one hundred and sev ... | 1992 | 1495121 |
| labeling and initial characterization of polar lipids in cultures of plasmodium falciparum. | the present report describes the radioactive labeling of polar lipids in in vitro cultures of plasmodium falciparum as well as their extraction with organic solvents and their partial characterization by chemical and enzymatic methods. all substances detected could be cleaved by alkali, suggesting that they were esters rather than sphingolipids or compounds containing alkyl groups. dolichol-cycle intermediates were not detected. phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcho ... | 1992 | 1495920 |
| a family of erythrocyte binding proteins of malaria parasites. | malaria erythrocyte binding proteins use the duffy blood group antigen (plasmodium vivax and plasmodium knowlesi) and sialic acid (plasmodium falciparum) on the erythrocyte surface as receptors. we had previously cloned the one p. vivax gene, the one p. falciparum gene, and part of one of the three p. knowlesi genes encoding these erythrocyte binding proteins and described the homology between the p. knowlesi and p. vivax genes. we have completed the cloning and sequencing of the three p. knowle ... | 1992 | 1496004 |
| parasitological, clinical and haematological response of children with plasmodium falciparum to 4-aminoquinolines and to pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine with quinine in western kenya. | children with plasmodium falciparum infections in western province, kenya, were studied in 1987 for their parasitological, clinical and haematological response to chloroquine, to amodiaquine and to pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine plus quinine. ninety-eight children under 5 years of age were treated in 1 of 2 hospitals. of the 56 patients treated with chloroquine base 25 mg/kg, 91% had resistant infections, with 36% having no significant decrease in parasitaemia (riii resistance); however, 69% responde ... | 1992 | 1496699 |
| chloroquine resistance of plasmodium falciparum in bukumbi, tanzania. an in vivo study. | the sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine was studied in 42 children in bukumbi, tanzania. the standard who in vivo test was used, and chloroquine phosphate 25 mg base/kg was administered in divided doses over three days. from the 42 patients 13 (31%) were sensitive to chloroquine and 29 (69%) had not cleared their parasites on day 7. from the resistant cases, 1 showed ri resistance (early recrudescence), 6 showed rii resistance and 18 cases showed riii resistance. four were resist ... | 1992 | 1496715 |
| evaluation of 5.1-[nanp]19, a recombinant plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate, in adults. | in a randomized single-blind study, 13 healthy adult volunteers were subcutaneously immunized with 2 or 3 single 50 or 400 micrograms doses of a plasmodium falciparum recombinant vaccine candidate designated 5.1-[nanp]19. the vaccine caused transitory reactions at the injection site. eight (62%) volunteers had a greater than or equal to 4-fold increase of antibody titer against sporozoites in immunofluorescence assay, all 13 seroconverted in igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against [nanp]50 ... | 1992 | 1496731 |
| a specific dna probe which identifies babesia bovis in whole blood. | a genomic library of babesia bovis dna from the mexican strain m was constructed in plasmid pun121 and cloned in escherichia coli. several recombinants which hybridized strongly to radioactively labeled b. bovis genomic dna in an in situ screening were selected and further analyzed for those which specifically hybridized to b. bovis dna. it was found that pmu-b1 had the highest sensitivity, detecting 25 pg of purified b. bovis dna, and 300 parasites in 10 microliters of whole infected blood, or ... | 1992 | 1496779 |
| structure and possible function of heat-shock proteins in falciparum malaria. | like many prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the malaria parasite also synthesizes several stress proteins. most widely studied stress proteins of this parasite are the heat-shock proteins (hsps). their discovery in malaria is a gift of recombinant dna technology. five hsp genes from plasmodium falciparum have been identified which are located on different chromosomes. thus the inheritance and expression of hsp genes are independent of each other. they share a large amount of sequence homology at n-ter ... | 1992 | 1499283 |
| effects of cytokines, complement, and antibody on the neutrophil respiratory burst and phagocytic response to plasmodium falciparum merozoites. | the interaction between plasmodium falciparum merozoites and human neutrophils, as well as the role of cytokines, complement, and antimalarial antibody on this interaction, was examined in vitro by measuring luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and phagocytosis. merozoites, in the presence of heat-inactivated (56 degrees c/30 min) normal serum, had very little effect on the neutrophil chemiluminescence. this response was significantly enhanced by the addition of normal serum (containing normal co ... | 1992 | 1500183 |
| expression of the eukaryotic trypanosoma cruzi cra gene in yersinia enterocolitica and induction of an immune response against cra in mice. | the 70-kb plasmid pyv of yersinia enterocolitica directs the secretion of a set of proteins, called yops, that are produced during infection of humans and animals. trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of american trypanosomiasis, synthesizes a cytoplasmic protein termed cra that is considered to be t. cruzi specific. to produce cra in y. enterocolitica, we constructed a hybrid yope-cra gene that we integrated into plasmid pyv by homologous recombination. recombinant y. enterocolitica produced a chimeric ... | 1992 | 1500192 |
| immune response of gametocytes of plasmodium falciparum in exogenous cases in dakahlia governorate, egypt. | following chloroquine treatment gametocytes numbers fell with a constant rate of loss over a period from 15-21 days. the gametocytes had a half-life of 2-4 days. the sex ratio was constant 4 female: 1 male. antibodies to the gametocytes were detected in some patients. it was concluded that the gametocytes of p. falciparum are long-lived and can stimulate antibody production but the immune response appears to play no part in their elimination, which probably takes place in the spleen as a part of ... | 1992 | 1500775 |
| dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes: a new class of antimalarial peroxides. | dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes 2-4 were synthesized as potential peroxide antimalarial drugs. they had curative activity against plasmodium berghei in vivo at single doses of 320 and 640 mg/kg which confirms earlier unpublished data. moreover, artemisinin (1) and 4 had equivalent ed50's against p. berghei in vivo in the multiple-dose thompson test; neither showed any evidence of acute toxicity at total doses of more than 12 g/kg. dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxane 4 had ic50's comparable to those of 1 agai ... | 1992 | 1501229 |
| brefeldin a inhibits protein secretion and parasite maturation in the ring stage of plasmodium falciparum. | the release of all newly synthesized soluble proteins from the ring stage of plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes was reversibly blocked by brefeldin a, indicating the presence of a conserved step of classical eukaryotic secretory export within the parasite. this implies that proteins exported to the erythrocyte cytosol undergo secretory release at the parasite plasma membrane and subsequent translocation across the vacuolar membrane. along with inhibiting protein export brefeldin arreste ... | 1992 | 1501638 |
| rapid and simple method for isolating malaria dna from fingerprick samples of blood. | 1992 | 1501643 | |
| characterization of the gene encoding sporozoite surface protein 2, a protective plasmodium yoelii sporozoite antigen. | sporozoite surface protein 2 (ssp2) is a 140-kda, protective sporozoite surface protein from plasmodium yoelii distinct from the circumsporozoite protein (csp). a genomic clone containing the ssp2 gene was isolated and sequenced to determine its size, structural organization and deduced primary amino acid sequence. the coding sequence consists of a single, long open reading frame encoding 826 amino acids. the overall structure of ssp2 is similar to that of the csp, consisting of a central region ... | 1992 | 1501644 |
| intramolecular mapping of plasmodium falciparum p126 proteolytic fragments by n-terminal amino acid sequencing. | protein p126 (also called p140, p113, sera, serp1) is a major parasitophorous vacuole antigen of plasmodium falciparum. this protein is processed upon merozoite release into 2 fragments of 73 kda (p73) and 50 kda (p50), which are found in the culture medium. p73 is composed of 2 polypeptides of 47 and 18 kda linked by disulfide bridges. in the presence of leupeptin, an inhibitor of serine and cysteine proteases which inhibits merozoite release, a 56-kda intermediate product (p56) is recovered in ... | 1992 | 1501648 |
| desferrioxamine in the treatment of plasmodium falciparum malaria. | 1992 | 1503106 | |
| ingestion of plasmodium falciparum sporozoites during transmission by anopheline mosquitoes. | we investigated the process of sporozoite transmission during blood feeding for anopheles gambiae and an. stephensi experimentally infected with plasmodium falciparum. when infective mosquitoes were fed 22-25 days postinfection on an anesthetized rat, sporozoites were detected in the midgut of 96.5% of 57 an. gambiae (geometric mean [gm] = 32.5, range 3-374) and in 96.2% of 26 an. stephensi (gm = 19.5, range 1-345). there were no significant differences between species either in salivary gland s ... | 1992 | 1503188 |
| pathology of falciparum malaria in vietnam. | autopsy samples from the brains of 20 patients who died of falciparum malaria were examined by light microscopy and by an immunohistologic method. particular attention was paid to a comparison of the pathologic features of the white matter and the cortex. in the high-sequestration (greater than 50%) group (n = 8), the mean +/- sd percentage of cerebral microvessels that showed parasitized red blood cell (prbc) sequestration was 71.2 +/- 8.1% in the cortex and 84.0 +/- 6.7% in the white matter. t ... | 1992 | 1503193 |
| molecular targets of 5-fluoroorotate in the human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum. | 5-fluoroorotate is known to have potent antimalarial activity against chloroquine-susceptible as well as chloroquine-resistant clones of plasmodium falciparum. it was hypothesized that this activity was mediated through synthesis of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate, an inactivator of thymidylate synthase, or through incorporation of 5-fluoropyrimidine residues into nucleic acids. treatment of p. falciparum in culture with 100 nm 5-fluoroorotate resulted in rapid inactivation of malarial thymidylate sy ... | 1992 | 1503432 |
| localization and characterization of hemoglobin-degrading aspartic proteinases from the malarial parasite plasmodium falciparum. | three hemoglobin-degrading proteinases were partially purified from food vacuoles isolated from trophozoite-stage forms of the malarial parasite plasmodium falciparum. two of the proteinases (m1 and m2) were solubilized by repeated sonication. the remaining proteinase (m3) was solubilized by treatment of the particulate fraction with taurocholic acid, suggesting that proteinase m3 is a membrane-bound proteinase whereas proteinases m1 and m2 are weakly associated with parasite membrane. the locat ... | 1992 | 1504087 |
| efficacy of dapsone with pyrimethamine (maloprim) for malaria prophylaxis in maputo, mozambique. | in a randomized controlled study of malaria prophylaxis, dapsone-pyrimethamine at a weekly dosage of dapsone 50-100 mg with pyrimethamine 6.25-12.5 mg or placebo was administered to 166 school children for 17 weeks. fortnightly parasitological controls revealed 28 infections in the placebo group and none in the dapsone-pyrimethamine group. it is concluded that weekly dapsone-pyrimethamine is effective for the prophylaxis of falciparum malaria in mozambique. | 1992 | 1505413 |
| in vivo and in vitro response of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in pregnant women in kilifi district, kenya. | in a malaria-endemic area of the coast of kenya with chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum, we determined the prevalence and density of falciparum infection in gravid women and assessed the in vivo and in vitro parasite response to a regimen of chloroquine 25 mg/kg body weight divided over three days. p. falciparum infections were present in 65 (21.7%) of 300 pregnant women. the proportion of primigravidae who were parasitaemic was 41.8% which was significantly higher than that of the mult ... | 1992 | 1505414 |
| origins of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane of the malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum, in human red blood cells. | we have attempted to determine whether the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, in which the malaria parasite (merozoite) encapsulates itself when it enters a red blood cell, is derived from the host cell plasma membrane, as the appearance of the invasion process in the electron microscope has been taken to suggest, or from lipid material stored in the merozoite. we have incorporated into the red cell membrane a haptenic phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, containing an nbd (n-(7-nitrobenz-2-ox ... | 1992 | 1506432 |