Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| is malaria involved in the pathogenesis of tropical endomyocardial fibrosis? | 1988 | 3072819 | |
| effect of chloroquine on the sporogonic cycle of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium berghei in anpheline mosquitoes. | 1988 | 3072820 | |
| effect of mefloquine and artemisinin on the sporogonic cycle of plasmodium berghei anka in anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | 1988 | 3072821 | |
| experimental studies on the antimalarial activity estimation by artesunate and artemether preparations per skin absorption. | 1988 | 3073264 | |
| antiparasitic activity of nine pyrazole derivatives against trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba invadens and plasmodium berghei. | nine nitropyrazole derivatives were prepared and tested against trichomonas vaginalis in vitro and in vivo, entamoeba invadens in vitro and plasmodium berghei in vivo. three of the compounds, 4-4-nitropyrazole, 1-methyl-4-nitropyrazole and 4,4'-dinitro-1,1'-methylenedipyrazole, have an activity similar to that of metronidazole (used as the reference compound) against t. vaginalis and e. invadens after 48 hours of incubation. all the compounds tested were inactive against p. berghei. | 1988 | 3074738 |
| [the antimalarial action of soviet artemisinine in plasmodium berghei schizont infection in mice]. | 1988 | 3075259 | |
| [modern concepts of the pathogenesis of tropical malaria and trends in the development of a rational therapeutic procedure]. | 1988 | 3075260 | |
| [development of plasmodium berghei and the immunosuppression phenomenon in the early phase of experimental malaria in mice]. | 1988 | 3075262 | |
| removal of leucocytes from malaria-infected blood using commercially available filters. | 1988 | 3076749 | |
| the chemotherapy of rodent malaria.xliii. indolo (3,2-c) quinoline-n-oxides. | a number of novel indolo (3,2-c) quinoline-n-oxides possess antimalarial activity. one of the series, compound cm 6606, has a superior blood schizontocidal action against drug-sensitive plasmodium berghei in the mouse to that of chloroquine, although it is not fully active against strains highly resistant to chloroquine or mefloquine. it also shows some tissue schizontocidal (causal prophylactic) and gametocytocidal action in mice infected with p. yoelii nigeriensis. the structure activity of th ... | 1988 | 3077021 |
| plasmodium berghei: pulmonary oedema and changes in clotting and fibrinolysis during infection in mice. | mice infected with plasmodium berghei, during the ten days of infection, showed significant pulmonary oedema, delayed activated partial thromboplastin time, augmented plasma fibrinolytic activity, oscillations in fibrinogen and unchanged plasminogen levels. these alterations can be expected to cause the release of inflammatory peptides, leading to increased vascular permeability and the generation and/or maintenance of the pronounced pulmonary oedema affecting these animals. | 1988 | 3077022 |
| synthesis and evaluation of 4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-2,2'-dialkyl or aryl-1-(substituted)-s-triazines as antimalarial agents. | 1988 | 3077369 | |
| sporogonic stages of p. berghei (nk 65): an ultrastructural study. | 1988 | 3077371 | |
| ultrastructural studies on morphogenesis of rhoptries in sporozoites of plasmodium berghei (nk 65) in anopheles stephensi. | 1988 | 3077372 | |
| 1h and 13c nmr studies of tissue from normal and diseased mice. analysis of t1 and t2 relaxation profiles of triglycerides in liver. | the study was initiated to gain a better understanding of the manifestation of disease in the lipid dynamics in tissue. we have performed high resolution 13c and 1h nmr relaxation measurements on the observable lipid resonances in liver and adipose tissue, excised from mice which were normal fed, normal fasted, and infected with the malarial parasite plasmodium berghei. we have observed that, although the parasite does not invade the hepatocytes, the composition of the liver lipids changes along ... | 1988 | 3079286 |
| inhibition of development of exoerythrocytic forms of malaria parasites by gamma-interferon. | a specific dna probe was used to study the effect of recombinant rat, mouse, and human gamma-interferon (gamma-ifn) on the course of sporozoite-induced malaria infections. in mice and rats infected with sporozoites of plasmodium berghei, mouse and rat gamma-ifn's strongly inhibited the development of the exoerythrocytic forms in the liver liver cells of the hosts, but not the development of the erythrocytic stages. the degree of inhibition of the exoerythrocytic forms was proportional to the dos ... | 1986 | 3085218 |
| rapid repeated dna replication during microgametogenesis and dna synthesis in young zygotes of plasmodium berghei. | 1986 | 3088783 | |
| dna synthesis in plasmodium berghei during asexual and sexual development. | dna contents of individual stages of plasmodium berghei were measured by direct microfluorometry after feulgen-pararosaniline (so2) staining. sporozoites, intra-erythrocytic ringforms and trophozoites (until at least 15 h after invasion) are haploid and non-synthesizing dna. dna is synthesized just before and during schizogony, which takes 4-6 h. genome duplication and segregation are alternating events throughout this process. mature micro- and macrogametocytes have dna contents between the hap ... | 1986 | 3092048 |
| l3t4+ t lymphocytes play a major role in the pathogenesis of murine cerebral malaria. | the pathogenic importance of l3t4+ t cells in the development of murine cerebral malaria was demonstrated by the following observations. first, in vivo administration of an anti-l3t4 monoclonal antibody protected plasmodium berghei-infected cba mice from the development of neurologic symptoms and acute death. in contrast, injection with an mab directed against the ly.2+ t cell subset had no protective effect. second, thymectomized, irradiated, and bone marrow reconstituted (atxbm) cba mice did n ... | 1986 | 3093572 |
| [suppression of chloroquine resistance in plasmodium berghei by using a microsomal monooxygenase inhibitor]. | 1986 | 3093829 | |
| enhancing effects of rodent malaria on aflatoxin b1-induced hepatic neoplasia. | the interaction between aflatoxin and malaria was tested for its usefulness as a model for hepatic tumor induction in rats. male buffalo rats which received aflatoxin b1 (afb1) followed by plasmodium berghei infection developed more preneoplastic lesions in the liver compared to those given afb1 alone. no preneoplastic lesions were found in the liver of control and malarial-treated animals. these findings suggest that the malarial parasite facilitates liver tumor development initiated by afb1 in ... | 1986 | 3095331 |
| mitomycin-c is an unreliable inhibitor for study of dna synthesis in plasmodium. | cytophotometric studies on dna synthesis during asexual and sexual development of plasmodium berghei contradicted earlier conclusions on dna synthesis in plasmodium which were largely based on experiments in which mitomycin-c had been used as a dna replication inhibitor. therefore, the effect of mitomycin on intra erythrocytic asexual development and on microgametogenesis, fertilization and zygote/ookinete development of p. berghei was studied in vitro. all dna-synthesizing stages (schizonts, ex ... | 1986 | 3095638 |
| alpha-difluoromethylornithine induces protective immunity in mice inoculated with plasmodium berghei sporozoites. | mice inoculated weekly with plasmodium berghei sporozoites while under treatment with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo), an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, developed protective immunity against subsequent challenge with this parasite. the percentage of mice protected was similar whether dfmo alone (55%) or dfmo + chloroquine (65%) was used. with chloroquine alone, only 12% of mice were protected. this protection was long-lasting (at least six months). the immunity protected against spor ... | 1986 | 3097887 |
| 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines as antibacterial agents. 7. analysis of the effect of 3,5-dialkyl substituent size and shape on binding to four different dihydrofolate reductase enzymes. | a group of trimethoprim (tmp) analogues containing 3,5-dialkyl(or halo)-4-alkoxy, -hydroxy, or -amino substitution were analyzed in terms of their inhibitory activities against four dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) isozymes. although selectivities were lower than with tmp, the activities against vertebrate dhfr were usually at least 2 orders of magnitude less than against enzymes from microbial sources. however, the profiles of activity were remarkably similar for rat, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and p ... | 1987 | 3100802 |
| [therapeutic trials of experimental murine malaria with the quassinoid, glaucarubinone]. | prevention and treatment of malaria are endangered by the appearance of chemoresistance against the common anti-malarial drugs by plasmodium falciparum. today, only a quinoline derivative, mefloquine, is a safe and effective agent against p. falciparum. an in vitro antiplasmodial activity having been found for the quassinoid glaucarubinone we tested its in vivo therapeutic action on mice infected with a p. berghei strain. at low doses, glaucarubinone retarded mortality by exerting a partial, tem ... | 1987 | 3103880 |
| alpha-difluoromethylornithine inhibits the first part of exoerythrocytic schizogony of plasmodium berghei in rodents. | 1986 | 3105475 | |
| mechanism of escape of exoerythrocytic forms (eef) of malaria parasites from the inhibitory effects of interferon-gamma. | we have studied the mechanism of inhibition by interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) of the development of exoerythrocytic forms (eef) of plasmodium berghei in the livers of rats. at the time corresponding to the maximum development of eef (44 hr after injection of sporozoites), the livers of the ifn-gamma-treated rats contained less parasite dna as compared with controls. twenty-four to 72 hr later, the livers of both groups of animals were free of parasites; that is, ifn-gamma treatment does not delay ... | 1987 | 3108391 |
| [a new molecule in antiparasitic therapy: alpha-difluoromethylornithine]. | alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo) is a specific irreversible inhibitor of ornithine-decarboxylase (odc), key enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines, physiological compounds involved in cell multiplication. pharmacokinetic studies of the drug revealed good oral absorption, low metabolisation and mainly urinary excretion. short half-life (3 hrs to 3 hrs 30) implicates daily repeated administrations. dfmo is well tolerated, side effects being reversible on discontinuing drug therapy. they chie ... | 1987 | 3108836 |
| plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium berghei: effects of ornithine decarboxylase inhibitors on erythrocytic schizogony. | five ornithine decarboxylase inhibitors: alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo) (eflornithine); alpha-monofluoromethyl-3,4-dehydroornithine; alpha-monofluoromethyl-3,4-dehydroornithine methyl ester; alpha-monofluoromethyl-3,4-dehydroornithine ethyl ester; and (2r,5r)-delta-methyl-alpha-acetylenic putrescine were shown to inhibit erythrocytic schizogony of plasmodium falciparum in vitro and reduced spermidine levels in infected erthrocytes. only dfmo was effective at limiting erythrocytic schizogon ... | 1987 | 3115816 |
| chloroquine resistance of plasmodium berghei: biochemical basis and countermeasures. | microsomal monooxygenases, enzymes that metabolize xenobiotics, may be responsible for the chloroquine resistance of malarial parasites. plasmodium cells contain cytochrome p-450 and exhibit aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and aminopyrine n-dimethylase activity, two monooxygenases that inactivate chloroquine. the activities of these monooxygenases are considerably higher in chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium berghei than in the chloroquine-sensitive strain of the parasite. inhibitors of mi ... | 1987 | 3117393 |
| suppression of the chloroquine resistance of plasmodium berghei by treatment of infected mice with a microsomal monooxygenase inhibitor. | administration of a combination of chloroquine and the copper-lysine complex, copper(lysine)(2), an inhibitor of microsomal monooxygenases, considerably decreased the parasitaemia level of mice infected with a chloroquine-resistant strain of plasmodium berghei. when given separately, chloroquine and the complex had no antimalarial effect. use of a combination of monooxygenase inhibitors and chloroquine therefore appears to be a promising addendum to the chemotherapy of malaria caused by chloroqu ... | 1987 | 3117394 |
| the state of ferriprotoporphyrin ix in malaria pigment. | to evaluate the state of ferriprotoporphyrin ix (fp) in malaria pigment, mouse erythrocytes infected with plasmodium berghei nyu-2 parasites were lysed by hypotonic shock, and hemoglobin and other soluble material were removed by extensive washing. the amount of fp recovered in the insoluble pellet was 2.1 mumol/ml of packed infected erythrocytes, of which approximately 1% was attributable to hemoglobin contamination. this crude preparation then was digested with a nonspecific protease from stre ... | 1987 | 3119578 |
| gamma interferon, cd8+ t cells and antibodies required for immunity to malaria sporozoites. | this study was designed to test the hypothesis that t-cell effector mechanisms are required for protective immunity to malaria sporozoites. administration of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against gamma interferon (gamma ifn) to immune hosts, reversed sterile immunity to sporozoite challenge, by allowing the growth of exoerythrocytic forms (eef) and thus the development of parasitaemia. immune animals also developed infections when depleted in vivo of their suppressor/cytotoxic t cells expre ... | 1987 | 3120015 |
| reducing effects of rodent malaria on hepatic carcinogenesis induced by dietary aflatoxin b1. | the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of plasmodium berghei infection on the development of liver tumors induced in male buffalo rats by aflatoxin b1 (afb1). intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 10(6) parasitized red blood cells (prbc) into the rat 12 days prior to administration of 2 ppm dietary afb1 for 10 weeks diminished hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) induction compared to that observed in rats given afb1 alone at weeks 60-82. no animals in a control group developed hcc les ... | 1988 | 3121525 |
| sexual development in plasmodium berghei: the use of mitomycin c to separate infective gametocytes in vivo and ookinetes in vitro. | 1987 | 3123410 | |
| plasmodium falciparum: purification, properties, and immunochemical study of ornithine decarboxylase, the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. | ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway has been purified 7,600 fold from plasmodium falciparum by affinity chromatography on a pyridoxamine phosphate column. the partially purified enzyme was specifically tagged with radioactive dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. a major protein band of 49 kilodalton was obtained while with the purified mouse enzyme, a typical 53 kiloda ... | 1988 | 3139441 |
| influence of aflatoxin on malarial infection in mice. | 1988 | 3151410 | |
| [effects of cycloleucine on the growth and metabolism of malaria parasites]. | 1987 | 3155376 | |
| partial cross-reactivity by suppressor cells induced during different experimental autoimmune diseases. | following injection of rat red cells, mice develop anti-red cell autoantibodies and subsequently suppressor t cells specific for these. likewise, following recovery from non-lethal malaria, they develop suppressor t cells which suppress the anti-lymphocyte autoantibodies induced by lethal malaria parasites. neither type of suppressor cell affected non-autoantibody components of the response, nor a response to sheep red cells. however, there was variable but significant cross-suppression of the r ... | 1985 | 3156012 |
| malaria infection in rats with stimulated splenic red pulp: the blood flow and protective effect in normal and transplanted splenic tissue. | after splenic autotransplantation both weight and blood flow of the regenerated splenic tissue are decreased. in addition, the protective function of the transplant is less compared to that of the normal spleen. in the present study, the red pulp of normal and transplanted splenic tissue was stimulated by injections of phenylhydrazine to increase the weight, the blood flow, and the protective function. after stimulation, the weight of the normal spleen increased to 900 +/- 70 mg (control 530 +/- ... | 1988 | 3265528 |
| detection of all human plasmodium species by a telomeric dna fragment cloned from plasmodium berghei. | a telomeric dna fragment that was cloned from plasmodium berghei was used to detect the genomic dna of p. falciparum, p. vivax, p. malariae, and p. ovale. the fragment hybridized to the dna of all four of these human plasmodium species and can be used as an interspecific probe to detect human malaria. | 1988 | 3266114 |
| effect of cholesterol-rich diet on the susceptibility of rodent malarial parasites to chloroquine chemotherapy. | mice were fed a cholesterol-rich diet and then subsequently infected with chloroquine-sensitive strains of either plasmodium berghei or p. chabaudi. chloroquine therapy, which was started 24 hours post-infection and continued for 3-4 days, was significantly less effective in cholesterol-fed animals compared to controls. the consequences of these findings to the resistance of p. falciparum in man to chloroquine, are discussed. | 1988 | 3275853 |
| morphological effects of pyronaridine on malarial parasites. | the ultrastructural changes caused by a new antimalarial drug, pyronaridine, were investigated using mice infected with erythrocytic forms of plasmodium berghei and p. falciparum cultivated in vitro in human erythrocytes. the first changes observed in both parasites after exposure to pyronaridine occurred in the food vacuoles. this suggests that the target organelle of this drug may be the food vacuole of malarial parasites. in addition, rapid alterations were also noted within the pellicular co ... | 1988 | 3277462 |
| acidic phosphoproteins associated with the host erythrocyte membrane of erythrocytes infected with plasmodium berghei and p. chabaudi. | new phosphoproteins appear on the host erythrocyte membrane during plasmodium berghei and p. chabaudi infection. distinct proteins having similar properties and all distinguished by isoelectric points of less than 4.0 are identified. associated with the erythrocyte membranes of p. berghei infected erythrocytes are two proteins with molecular masses of 65 and 46 kda, whereas 93, 90 and 76 kda proteins are observed during p. chabaudi infection. these new erythrocyte membrane associated proteins ar ... | 1988 | 3278220 |
| a site of intrinsic bending in a highly repeated element of plasmodium berghei genome. | the basic element of the 2.3 kb repetitive family, present in approximately 300 copies in the plasmodium berghei genome, contains a bent dna region. indications of this given by anomalies in electrophoretic behaviour were confirmed by computational analysis of sequence data. | 1988 | 3278226 |
| arteether, a new antimalarial drug: synthesis and antimalarial properties. | arteether (6) has been prepared from dihydroquinghaosu (3) by etherification with ethanol in the presence of lewis acid and separated from its chromatographically slower moving alpha-dihydroqinghaosu ethyl ether (7). the absolute stereochemistry at c-12 has been determined by 1h nmr data (j11,12, noesy). ethyl ethers 6 and 7 showed potent in vitro inhibition of plasmodium falciparum, and both compounds were highly potent antimalarials in mice infected with a drug-sensitive strain of plasmodium b ... | 1988 | 3279208 |
| [the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test in evaluating the function of the circulating leukocytes in mice with experimental malaria]. | nbt-test for circulating neutrophils and monocytes in the blood of mice inoculated with plasmodium berghei, strain n or lnk-65, have been performed. within the first 24 h of the infection, before the onset of the recordable parasitemia or in the course of the subsequent six days (depending of the strain used for inoculation) a 50-100% reduction in nbt-positive cells was observed. this demonstrates the ability of malaria parasite to suppress the oxygen-dependent enzyme system in circulating phago ... | 1988 | 3280042 |
| 1,2,4-trioxanes as potential antimalarial agents. | a number of 1,2,4-trioxanes were prepared and tested for antimalarial activity in search of a simplified analogue of the naturally occurring antimalarial qinghaosu. the compounds were assayed in an in vitro system for antimalarial activity against chloroquine-susceptible and chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum. the most active compounds were methyl 2-(2,4a-epidioxy-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2h-1-benzop yra n-2-yl) acetate (3b), which showed ic20's of 96 and 39 n ... | 1988 | 3280797 |
| peptide derivatives of primaquine as potential antimalarial agents. | three peptide derivatives of primaquine were synthesized. the compounds were tested for radical curative antimalarial activity against plasmodium cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys and blood schizonticidal antimalarial activity against plasmodium berghei in mice. all three peptide derivatives showed activity against p. cynomolgi greater than that expected for the primaquine content of each prodrug. the toxicity of one of the peptide derivatives was less than that of primaquine in mice. | 1988 | 3280798 |
| oral salmonella typhimurium vaccine expressing circumsporozoite protein protects against malaria. | immunization with radiation-attenuated malaria sporozoites induces potent cellular immune responses, but the target antigens are unknown and have not previously been elicited by subunit vaccines prepared from the circumsporozoite (cs) protein. a method is described here for inducing protective cell-mediated immunity to sporozoites by immunization with attenuated salmonella typhimurium transformed with the plasmodium berghei cs gene. these transformants constitutively express cs antigens and, whe ... | 1988 | 3281260 |
| pathologic activity of plasmodium berghei prevented but not reversed by dexamethasone. | dexamethasone has recently been shown to block the production of cachectin (implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria) if administered prior to endotoxin induction of mouse macrophages. using the hamster cheek pouch-cerebral malaria model, we tested the hypothesis that dexamethasone is effective as a therapeutic agent in severe malaria if given before some yet undefined trigger point in the disease. infected hamsters were treated with dexamethasone (0.7 mg/kg) daily on days 7-12, 4-12, ... | 1988 | 3281490 |
| [electron microscopy study on the action of oocysts and sporozoites of the malaria parasite on the epithelium of the mosquito midgut]. | 1988 | 3285158 | |
| effect of trans(e)-clopenthixol on plasmodium berghei in vivo. | previous in vitro studies have shown suppression of the growth of plasmodium falciparum by the neuroleptic agents chlorpromazine and zuclopenthixol (formerly known as cis(z)-clopenthixol) as well as by the neuroleptic inactive steroisomer trans(e)-clopenthixol. these compounds are chemically related to riboflavin and may act as inhibitors of riboflavin metabolism. as trans(e)-clopenthixol has been found active against chloroquine-resistant strains of p. falciparum in vitro and has been approved ... | 1988 | 3285868 |
| presence and characterization of lymphocytotoxins in acute and chronic plasmodium berghei malaria. | the role of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in elimination of lymphocytes and characterization of these antibodies during plasmodium berghei infection was examined in balb/c mice. when assayed at 15 degrees, an increase in lymphocytotoxic levels above base line values was detected in acute infection when parasitaemia exceeded 10%. there was an increase in lymphocytotoxins with increase in parasitaemia to a plateau beyond 25% parasitaemia. when assayed at 37 degrees, lymphocytotoxic activity during ac ... | 1988 | 3286484 |
| immunosuppression in malaria: effect of hemozoin produced by plasmodium berghei and plasmodium falciparum. | to a considerable degree, malaria-induced immunosuppression has been attributed to an inhibition of macrophage accessory cell function. in this study hemozoin, a plasmodium hemoglobin degradation product which readily accumulates in phagocytic cells and tissues during infection, was examined for its influence on immune responses. hemozoin-laden liver and splenic macrophages from plasmodium berghei-infected mice, displayed accessory cell dysfunction which was likely due to hemozoin loading by the ... | 1988 | 3286520 |
| protoberberine alkaloids as antimalarials. | the protoberberine alkaloids berberine (1), palmatine (2), jatrorrhizine (3), and several berberine derivatives (4-10) were tested for antimalarial activity in vitro against plasmodium falciparum and in vivo against plasmodium berghei. the berberine derivatives 4-10 were designed and synthesized to maximize structural diversity within a modest set of compounds. palmatine (2) and jatrorrhizine (3) were isolated as their chlorides from enantia chlorantha. none of the protoberberine alkaloids was a ... | 1988 | 3286870 |
| plants as sources of antimalarial drugs, part 6: activities of simarouba amara fruits. | extracts prepared from simarouba amara fruits collected in panama have been found to be active against plasmodium falciparum in vitro and against plasmodium berghei in mice. four active quassinoids have been identified as ailanthinone, 2'-acetylglaucarubinone, glaucarubinone and holacanthone. | 1988 | 3287009 |
| variation among circumsporozoite protein genes from rodent malarias. | we investigated the effect of long term passage of parasites in naive animals on the circumsporozoite protein (csp) gene of plasmodium yoelii. the csp gene sequence was determined from a non-lethal cloned line of p. yoelii and compared to the csp gene sequence from a lethal strain of p. yoelii. the two parasite lines were originally derived from the same isolate, but were separated 17 years ago followed by continued passage. the sequence of the csp gene and its surroundings from the non-lethal l ... | 1988 | 3287156 |
| expression of circumsporozoite proteins revealed in situ in the mosquito stages of plasmodium berghei by the lowicryl-immunogold technique. | a monoclonal antibody against the circumsporozoite proteins of the plasmodium berghei sporozoite was used to trace the synthesis and expression of these proteins, via the lowicryl immunogold technique, within the developing oocyst. the proteins were detected on the endoplasmic reticulum of the oocyst and were present in the sporozoite membranes at the point of their formation. | 1988 | 3287283 |
| stage-selective inhibition of rodent malaria by cyclosporine. | the relative susceptibility of different developmental stages of plasmodium berghei to cyclosporine was investigated in vivo. within 12 h of receiving a single 25-mg/kg (body weight) dose of cyclosporine, mice with patent p. berghei infections uniformly exhibited a rapid fall in asexual parasite stages. initially, ring forms and mature schizonts disappeared. subsequently, trophozoites disappeared between 21 and 24 h, whereas gametocytes persisted for 36 h. in contrast, when cyclosporine was admi ... | 1988 | 3288113 |
| malarial parasites induce tnf production by macrophages. | mouse peritoneal macrophages incubated with erythrocytes infected with non-lethal or lethal variants of plasmodium yoelii or with p. berghei, in the presence of polymyxin b to exclude the effects of any contaminating endotoxin, secreted a cytotoxic factor into the supernatant that was shown to be tumour necrosis factor (tnf). no differences were observed in the ability of the three types of parasite to induce tnf production, which was maximal in the range of 0.2-5 infected erythrocytes per macro ... | 1988 | 3292408 |
| immune response studies in relation to protection induced by using mdp as an adjuvant in malaria. | muramyl dipeptide (mdp) was an important compound conferring protection to mice against the lethal malaria parasite plasmodium berghei. the mode of protection of this compound was studied using different humoral and cellular parameters. the observations indicate that mdp boosts both humoral antibody response as well as delayed type hypersensitivity reactions, but as far as phagocytosis by macrophages is concerned, malarial mice are already maximally stimulated and mdp makes a marginal difference ... | 1988 | 3292412 |
| immunoelectron microscopic localization of circumsporozoite antigen in the differentiating exoerythrocytic trophozoite of plasmodium berghei. | the distribution of the circumsporozoite (cs) antigens in the 24 hour exoerythrocytic trophozoite of p. berghei was studied using lowicryl immunogold electron microscopy. these antigens were present on the plasmalemma of the parasite, in disrupted areas of the host cell cytoplasm adjacent to the trophozoite and around inclusions of the host cell cytoplasm. there was evidence of a redistribution of the cs antigens away from the pellicular region of the sporozoite. | 1988 | 3293804 |
| the fate of the circumsporozoite antigens during the exoerythrocytic stage of plasmodium berghei. | there has been considerable interest in the circumsporozoite proteins due to their potential use in anti-malarial vaccines. previous authors have shown that these proteins persist from the invading sporozoite throughout the growing exoerythrocytic or liver stage. we show that the different distributions of these proteins seen during the development of the exoerythrocytic parasite of plasmodium berghei closely follow morphological changes, which can be recognized under the light microscope. at th ... | 1988 | 3294008 |
| molecular biology of malaria parasites. | 1988 | 3294023 | |
| deferoxamine inhibition of malaria is independent of host iron status. | the mechanism whereby deferoxamine (df) inhibits the growth of malaria parasites was studied in rats infected with plasmodium berghei. peak parasitemia was 32.6% (day 14) in untreated controls and 0.15% (day 7) in rats receiving 0.33 mg/g in 8 hourly df injections, subcutaneously. df inhibition of parasite growth was achieved without any reduction in transferrin saturation or hemoglobin synthesis and with only a partial (56%) depletion of hepatic iron stores. dietary iron depletion resulted in a ... | 1988 | 3294334 |
| in vitro invasion of host cells by plasmodium berghei sporozoites in serum-free medium. | 1987 | 3295169 | |
| [development of a qinghaosu-resistant line of plasmodium berghei anka and n strain]. | 1986 | 3296654 | |
| plants as sources of antimalarial drugs, part 4: activity of brucea javanica fruits against chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum in vitro and against plasmodium berghei in vivo. | extracts of brucea javanica fruit have been prepared and monitored for their in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activities. the antimalarial activity of the fruit was found to be attributable to its quassinoid constituents. nine of the quassinoids possessed in vitro ic50 values between 0.046-0.0008 microgram/ml against the chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum strain (kl) tested. the two quassinoid glycosides tested were considerably less active in vitro than the aglycones. four quassinoi ... | 1987 | 3298551 |
| the relationship of phosphorylation of membrane proteins with the osmotic fragility and filterability of plasmodium berghei-infected mouse erythrocytes. | membrane from plasmodium berghei-infected mouse erythrocytes showed a pattern of protein phosphorylation which was substantially altered from the normal pattern, with an increase in the phosphorylation of the protein with an apparent molecular weight of 43,000 (m 43), which increased from undetectable in uninfected cells to a maximum in the mature trophozoite stage. phosphorylation levels of this and other minor bands were strongly correlated with osmotic fragility and filterability. the level o ... | 1987 | 3300785 |
| plasmodium berghei and plasmodium chabaudi: a neutral endopeptidase in parasite extracts and plasma of infected animals. | by using a sensitive fluorometric method with val-leu-gly-arg-3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (vlgr-aec) as a substrate, two endopeptidase activities were identified in two fractions of sephacryl s-200 gel filtration from soluble p. berghei and p. chabaudi extracts. controls with normal mouse erythrocytes, with leukocytes, and with reticulocyte enriched blood and different washing procedures during the preparation of soluble p. berghei extracts showed that the mw greater than 200 kda fraction was a con ... | 1987 | 3301390 |
| endoperoxides as potential antimalarial agents. | a number of mono- and bicyclic endoperoxides were prepared and tested for antimalarial activity in search of a simplified analogue of the 5-oxygen-substituted 1,2,4-trioxane ring structure of the naturally occurring antimalarial qinghaosu. the compounds were assayed in an in vitro system for antimalarial activity against chloroquine-susceptible and chloroquine-resistant strains of p. falciparum. the most active compound in this assay was 2-[((butyloxy)-carbonyl)oxy]-1,1,10-trimethyl-6,9-epidioxy ... | 1987 | 3302259 |
| pathophysiology of hypoxia in mice infected with plasmodium berghei. | pathophysiological significance of hypoxia in malarial infection was investigated in mice infected with plasmodium berghei nk65. intraperitoneal inoculation of mice with 1 x 10(7) parasitized red blood cells resulted in death of the hosts 6-7 days later. anaemia of infected animals developed on day 4 after inoculation and oxygen affinity of whole blood, measured as p50 act ph, increased simultaneously. this change may be a physiological adaptive response to a reduction in oxygen delivery to the ... | 1987 | 3303017 |
| [experimental study on the effect of plasmodia on the erythroid colony forming unit (cfu-e)]. | 1987 | 3304701 | |
| tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) as an essential mediator in murine cerebral malaria. | tumor necrosis factor, or cachectin (tnf-alpha), a protein with a wide range of biological activities, is produced mainly by macrophages and may be important in inflammatory processes. the role of tnf-alpha in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria was investigated in a murine model. most cba mice infected with plasmodium berghei anka die between days 6 and 14 with acute neurological manifestations unrelated to the level of parasitemia, whereas mice of some other strains have malaria of the same s ... | 1987 | 3306918 |
| the chemotherapy of rodent malaria, xl. the action of artemisinin and related sesquiterpenes. | artemisinin (qinghaosu), a poorly soluble sesquiterpene lactone derived from the plant artemisia annua linn., and a number of more soluble, semi-synthetic derivatives are rapidly-acting blood schizontocides against plasmodium berghei and p. yoelii nigeriensis. an oily suspension of artemisinin given s.c. is more effective than aqueous suspensions. the activity is retained against lines resistant to primaquine, cycloguanil, pyrimethamine, sulphonamides, mefloquine and menoctone, but a highly chlo ... | 1986 | 3307655 |
| decreased hepatic elimination of pyrimethamine during malaria infection. studies in the isolated perfused rat liver. | the elimination of the antimalarial drug pyrimethamine was studied in isolated liver preparations from young rats (80-100 g) infected with merozoites of plasmodium berghei two weeks earlier. perfusate half-life of pyrimethamine was increased in livers from m.i. rats (t1/2 beta control group = 56 +/- 11 min vs m.i. group = 101 +/- 12, p less than 0.01), reflecting a decrease in hepatic clearance (3.6 +/- 1.1 ml/min vs 1.9 +/- 0.5 ml/min, p less than 0.01). there was no significant difference in v ... | 1987 | 3307789 |
| malaria specific human t cell clones: crossreactivity with various plasmodia species. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from donors with or without previous exposure to malaria in vivo were cultivated for 4 to 7 days in the presence of different malaria antigen (m.ag) preparations: plasmodium falciparum (p.f.ag), p. berghei (p.b.ag) and p. gallinaceum (p.g.ag). all preparations induced a proliferative response in pbmc from donors with or without previous exposure to malaria. pbmc from both groups of donors were then primed with each of the three m.ag and cloned in presenc ... | 1987 | 3308225 |
| platelet reactions in acute plasmodium berghei infection in swiss albino mice. | swiss albino mice were infected by the intraperitoneal route with p. berghei berghei malaria parasite, and platelets, white cell counts and some coagulation parameters were monitored in order to find out whether changes reported in man also occurred in the mice. parasitaemia developed form the 2nd post-infection day and reached significant levels by the 4th-6th day. reduced circulating platelets which reached severe thrombocytopenic levels were observed. parallel with the increasing degree of pa ... | 1987 | 3308658 |
| the infectivity and purification of cultured plasmodium berghei ookinetes. | plasmodium berghei ookinetes were cultured from hamster blood as described previously (kurtti and munderloh, 1986). an average of 7.3 x 10(6) ookinetes was harvested from each ml of blood. ookinetes were purified by centrifugation on first a 40% and then a 36% percoll gradient. the final preparation comprised 32.8% of the ookinetes initially obtained, and contained 3.3 other parasite stages or blood cells per ookinete. unpurified and purified ookinetes were resuspended in hamster blood and fed t ... | 1987 | 3309240 |
| superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in spleen of mice infected with plasmodium berghei. | 1987 | 3310256 | |
| an alternative approach to malaria vaccine with a permanent attenuated mutant from a high virulence plasmodium berghei strain. | an alternative approach to malaria vaccine with the use of plasmodium berghei nk65xat (xat) is reviewed. xat is a permanent low virulence strain derived from high virulence p. berghei nk65 (nk65) by irradiation. although one organism of parent nk65 could kill one mouse, as many as 10(7) xat parasites caused modest self limiting parasitaemia in immuno-competent mice. in the mice recovered from xat infection, long lasting immunity to challenge not only by parent nk65, but also by anka so far as di ... | 1987 | 3310458 |
| modulator effect of toxoplasma lysate antigen in mice experimentally infected with plasmodium berghei. | normal mice were pretreated twice at an interval of 2 weeks with an emulsion of tla (toxoplasma lysate antigen), pla (plasmodium lysate antigen) or both in lmo (light mineral oil) or with a combination of the emulsion and obioactin or tp-lks (toxoplasma lymphokines) as an immunopotentiator. they were then given obioactin or tp-lks 3 and 25 days after the first treatment and were further given parasitized erythrocytes with 1 x 10(2)-10(4) p. berghei 2 weeks after the second treatment. thirty (3/1 ... | 1987 | 3310463 |
| plasmodium berghei: a study of globinolytic enzyme in erythrocytic parasite. | an acid protease of plasmodium berghei (nk 65) was extracted from parasite lysate and purified by means of gel filtration followed by deae-sephadex column chromatography. the enzyme showed especially high activity to degrade hemoglobin. the ph optimum of the purified enzyme was 3.2, km value was 0.012 mm. molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated by gel chromatography as being 18,000-20,000. the enzyme activity was specifically inhibited by pepstatin, one of the peptide aldehyde protease inhi ... | 1987 | 3310465 |
| the role of thymocytes and igg antibody in protection against malaria in nude rats. | congenitally athymic nude (rnu/rnu) rats developed a high level of parasitemia and died with severe anemia after infection with plasmodium berghei, while heterozygous littermates (rnu/+) showed a self-limiting infection and resisted further challenge. transfer of normal thymocytes failed to protect rnu/rnu rats from the subsequent infection. transfer of immune igg fraction conferred resistance to malaria on rnu/+ but not on rnu/rnu rats. when both normal thymocyts and immune igg were administere ... | 1987 | 3310466 |
| plasmodium berghei: long lasting immunity induced by a permanent attenuated mutant. | a long-lasting immunity against challenge with highly virulent plasmodium berghei (nk65) was observed in balb/c mice immunized with a permanently attenuated parasite (xat), a derivative (xat) of the nk65 strain. mice infected with living xat parasites showed an extremely low self-resolving type of parasitaemia followed by a strong immunity against a challenge with the lethal parent nk65 strain. this immunity lasted for nearly one year. cross immunity was also observed in the immune mice after ch ... | 1987 | 3310467 |
| a radioimmunoassay for the diagnosis of malaria. | a newly developed radioimmunoassay for the diagnosis of malaria has been tested in south africa. the radioimmunoassay is an antibody binding-inhibition assay, based on a monoclonal antibody (d5) cross-reacting with plasmodium berghei and p. residual binding activity was tested on antigen-coated microtiter plates. a sample was considered positive if it inhibited binding of the antibodies to an extent exceeding that of the microscopically negative blood samples. blood was collected on 3 separate o ... | 1987 | 3310678 |
| antimalarial and anticoccidial activity of 3-aryl-7-chloro-3,4-dihydroacridine-1,9-(2h,10h)-diones. 1-imines, 1-amines, 1-oximes, 1-hydrazones and related compounds. | out of more than 130 synthesized derivatives of floxacrine and of 10-deoxyfloxacrine, such as 3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl) or 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-chloro-10-hydroxy- or -10-deoxy-3,4-dihydroacridine- 1,9(2h,10h)-dione 1-imines and 1-hydrazones, more than 45 showed an activity against asexual stages of plasmodium berghei in the mouse which was comparable with or superior to that of floxacrine. more than 25 derivatives of the 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-floxacrine series and 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-10-deoxy-flo ... | 1987 | 3311052 |
| antimalarial agents. iii. mechanism of action of artesunate against plasmodium berghei infection. | 1987 | 3311413 | |
| the activity of drug combinations against established infections of rodent malaria. | in the experiments reported here treatment (with a single dose or daily for 4 days) was delayed until 3 days after inoculation. various combinations of m&b 35,769, 2:4-diamino-5-[3(4-4'-chlorophenylphenoxy)propyl-1-oxy]-6-methylpy rimidine hcl, plus sulphadoxine, and of m&b 35,769 plus dapsone, were examined and it was concluded that no universally ideal ratio of constituents in a combination is possible because the optimum ratio depends upon the activity of the constituents on their own and the ... | 1987 | 3313204 |
| oxidant stress in malaria as probed by stable nitroxide radicals in erythrocytes infected with plasmodium berghei. the effects of primaquine and chloroquine. | erythrocytes from normal mice and mice infected with the malarial parasite plasmodium berghei reduce the water-soluble spin probes 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-hydroxy-n-oxyl (tempol), 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-n-oxyl (tempo) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-keto-n-oxyl (tempone) at similar rates under both air and n2 atmospheres. the esr signal of the lipid-soluble spin probe 5-doxyl-stearate is stable on incorporation into erythrocytes from normal mice. in contrast, parasitized red c ... | 1987 | 3315005 |
| plasmodium berghei, p. chabaudi, and p. falciparum: similarities in phosphoproteins and protein kinase activities and their stage specific expression. | phosphoproteins from plasmodium berghei, p. chabaudi, and p. falciparum are compared. a major phosphoprotein of 46 kda is found in all three species. peptide mapping indicates that this protein is indeed the same in all three cases and is phosphorylated at similar sites in all three species. monoclonal antibodies were raised against three other p. berghei phosphoproteins. all three monoclonal antibodies recognize both p. berghei and p. chabaudi proteins. only one of the monoclonal antibodies cro ... | 1987 | 3315732 |
| characterization of lipidous antigens derived from erythrocytes infected with plasmodium berghei. | a lipid extract obtained from reticulocyte membranes of plasmodium berghei-infected rats showed antigenic activity against sera from convalescent or immune rats. following chromatography on silicic acid column, 85% of the activity was recovered from the column with chloroform:methanol (1:3, vol/vol). the active fraction was further resolved by thin layer chromatography (tlc) into four lipid components, two sugar-containing components and two phosphorous-containing components, but neither the ind ... | 1987 | 3316119 |
| synthetic peptide vaccine confers protection against murine malaria. | a synthetic peptide, (dppppnpn)2d, representing a subunit of the repeat domain of the plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein, was conjugated to tetanus toxoid using bisdiazobenzidine. immunization of mice and rats with the conjugate induced high serum titers of antibodies to the parasite, and most of the animals were completely protected from malaria infection when challenged with sporozoites. | 1987 | 3316473 |
| cellular response against exoerythrocytic forms of plasmodium berghei in rats. | rats were infected with plasmodium berghei sporozoites, and 47, 51, and 57 hr later exoerythrocytic parasites were examined by electron microscopy. at 47 hr, approximately 30% of nearly mature exoerythrocytic parasites were degenerating and were surrounded by a cellular infiltrate of kupffer cells, monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and neutrophils. neutrophils appeared to be actively ingesting electron-dense fuzzy parasite material which was normally present in the parasitophorous vacuole ... | 1987 | 3318519 |
| rapid nucleotide sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal rna of toxoplasma gondii: evolutionary implications for the apicomplexa. | a method for obtaining a large proportion of the nucleotide sequence of the small subunit ribosomal rna (srrna) was applied to the obligate intracellular protozoon toxoplasma gondii. the method uses reverse transcription of as little as 8 micrograms of total cellular rna. this fast, efficient method has numerous advantages over traditional gene cloning methods when nucleotide sequences are required for evolutionary studies. a phylogenetic analysis of the srrna sequence data showed that t. gondii ... | 1987 | 3320746 |
| glutathione and peroxide metabolism in malaria-parasitized erythrocytes. | the glutathione metabolism of plasmodium falciparum, p. vinckei and p. berghei has been investigated. human erythrocytes with low glutathione reductase and synthetase activity are still capable of harbouring p. falciparum. both enzymes have been demonstrated in plasmodium spp. moreover, evidence is given for a selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase in malaria parasites. | 1987 | 3321043 |
| concomitant infections of anopheles stephensi with plasmodium berghei and serratia marcescens: additive detrimental effects. | the mortality rate of anopheles stephensi increased after infection with plasmodium berghei and correlated negatively with temperature. development of oocysts is inhibited at temperatures above 21 degrees c. we tested the hypothesis that microorganisms were involved in killing the mosquitoes. in fact we were able to demonstrate that in our a. stephensi colony great numbers of serratia marcescens could be found in the midgut of the insects. the highest value was 2.3 x 10(7) cfu/ml. other bacteria ... | 1987 | 3321762 |
| effect of variation in temperature on development of plasmodium berghei (nk 65 strain) in anopheles stephensi. | effect of temperature on the sporogonic cycle of plasmodium berghei (nk 65) has been studied in vector anopheles stephensi. to determine the optimum temperature for development of parasite, fed mosquitoes were kept at 16 +/- 1 degree c, 19 +/- 1 degree c and 26 +/- 1 degree c temperature. the temperature 19 +/- 1 degree c was found to be optimum for normal development of parasite within the vector. sporulated oocysts were observed on the 10th day post feed and salivary glands were loaded with th ... | 1987 | 3322990 |
| long-term in vitro cultivation of plasmodium berghei. | 1987 | 3323090 |