Publications

clinical signs, treatment, and postmortem lesions in dairy goats with enterotoxemia: 13 cases (1979-1982).	enterotoxemia attributable to clostridium perfringens type d in goats is difficult to diagnose because of a lack of specific clinical signs or postmortem lesions, on which to base the diagnosis. this report describes the clinical signs, postmortem lesions, and clinical responses to treatment and vaccination in 4 goat herds, in which a diagnosis of enterotoxemia was confirmed. four clinical cases had the diagnosis confirmed on the basis of signs of diarrhea or sudden death and the isolation of c ...	1992	1559880
cloning of hsp70 (dnak) gene from clostridium perfringens using a general polymerase chain reaction based approach.	a general method to clone the hsp70 gene from any species employing polymerase chain reaction and degenerate oligonucleotide primers for conserved regions of this protein family is described. using this method, a clone containing the entire coding sequence for the hsp70 gene from clostridium perfringens, has been isolated and sequenced. the hsp70s from c. perfringens as well as other gram-positive groups of bacteria contain a large deletion of 25 amino acids, near the n-terminal end, which is no ...	1992	1562596
gas gangrene panophthalmitis is a rare condition that can occur following penetrating injury with retained intraocular foreign body.		1992	1565874
effects of eimeria brunetti infection and dietary zinc on experimental induction of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.	broilers infected with eimeria brunetti and given dietary zinc were examined for experimental induction of necrotic enteritis. inoculation with sporulated e. brunetti oocysts at 7 days of age was followed by 5 consecutive days of oral inoculation with cultured clostridium perfringens. feed was supplemented with zinc at 1000 ppm. upon necropsy of broilers 6 days after coccidial inoculation, necrotic enteritis was found in 20% (2/10) of birds given both organisms and dietary zinc. coccidial lesion ...	1992	1567311
adhesion of bacteria to the cecal mucosal surface of conventional and germ-free chickens infected with eimeria tenella.	when salmonella typhimurium and clostridium perfringens were tested in conventional chickens, larger numbers of s typhimurium and c perfringens adhered to eimeria tenella-infected ceca than to uninfected ceca. in germ-free chickens, s typhimurium and c perfringens adhered to the e tenella-infected cecal mucosa more than to the uninfected cecal mucosa, but fewer bacteroides vulgatus and bifidobacterium thermophilum adhered to the e tenella-infected ceca than to the uninfected ceca. many bacteria ...	1992	1575383
seasonal effects on accumulation of microbial indicator organisms by mercenaria mercenaria.	the ability of hard-shelled clams (mercenaria mercenaria) to accumulate fecal coliforms and other microorganisms (escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, and male-specific bacteriophages) was determined over a 1-year period. twenty separate trails were conducted during different seasons to encompass a wide range of water temperatures. the greatest accumulation of microorganisms in hard-shelled clams occurred during certain periods in the spring, at temperatures ranging from 11.5 to 21.5 degre ...	1992	1575484
abdominal pain in a patient who had had cancer.		1992	1577888
necrotizing fasciitis of the vulva.	we attempted to characterize the natural history of necrotizing fasciitis of the vulva.	1992	1595786
susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to tosufloxacin.	the in vitro activity of tosufloxacin against anaerobic cocci, propionibacterium acnes, clostridium perfringens, clostridium difficile, bacteroides fragilis, bacteroides spp. and fusobacteria was determined by the agar dilution method. this activity was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, piperacillin, cefoxitin, imipenem, clindamycin, metronidazole and chloramphenicol. tosufloxacin, imipenem, clindamycin, metronidazole and chloramphenicol were the most active agents tested. tosufloxacin has an ...	1992	1597207
sporulation and enterotoxin production by clostridium perfringens type a at 37 and 43 degrees c.	enterotoxin-positive strains of clostridium perfringens were grown in duncan-strong sporulation medium in the presence of 0.4% (7.9 mm) raffinose at 37 and 43 degrees c. enterotoxin- and heat-resistant spores were produced at similar concentrations but sooner at 43 degrees c than at 37 degrees c. there was a direct relationship between spore heat resistance and sporulation temperature (32, 37, and 43 degrees c).	1992	1599261
production of the pseudomonas aeruginosa neuraminidase is increased under hyperosmolar conditions and is regulated by genes involved in alginate expression.	the pathogenesis of pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis (cf) is a complex process attributed to specific characteristics of both the host and the infecting organism. in this study, the properties of the pao1 neuraminidase were examined to determine its potential role in facilitating pseudomonas colonization of the respiratory epithelium. the pao1 neuraminidase was 1000-fold more active than the clostridium perfringens enzyme in releasing sialic acid from respiratory epithelial ce ...	1992	1601994
cloning, sequencing and distribution of the salmonella typhimurium lt2 sialidase gene, nanh, provides evidence for interspecies gene transfer.	the salmonella typhimurium lt2 sialidase (neuraminidase, ec 3.2.1.18) structural gene, nanh, has been cloned and sialidase overproduced from multicopy plasmids in escherichia coli. sialidase expression was regulated positively by camp. in contrast, certain tn1000 insertions located upstream of nanh coding sequences reduced sialidase activity. a nanh chromosomal insertion mutation constructed by marker exchange demonstrated a single sialidase gene copy in s. typhimurium lt2. the complete nucleoti ...	1992	1602967
neuraminidase reduces the number of super-high-affinity [3h]oxotremorine-m binding sites in lung.	the effects of neuraminidase on the binding of the radioligand agonist [3h]oxotremorine-m ([3h]oxo-m) were investigated in lung membranes. [3h]oxo-m labelled super-high-affinity binding sites (kd of 1.36 nm), as indicated by the very high affinity displayed by carbachol when tested in competition with 0.5 mm [3h]oxo-m. neuraminidase reduced the number of [3h]oxo-m binding sites with no change occurring in the kd. these results suggest that the effects of neuraminidase may explain virus-induced a ...	1992	1612112
capacity of listeriolysin o, streptolysin o, and perfringolysin o to mediate growth of bacillus subtilis within mammalian cells.	the listeria monocytogenes hemolysin listeriolysin o (llo) plays a major role in mediating the escape of l. monocytogenes from a vacuolar compartment. in a previous report, it was shown that bacillus subtilis expressing llo could escape from a host vacuolar compartment and grow in the cytoplasm (j. bielecki, p. youngman, p. connelly, and d. a. portnoy, nature [london] 345:175-176, 1990). in the present study, two related thiol-activated hemolysins, streptolysin o (slo) and perfringolysin o (pfo) ...	1992	1612739
barley inclusion and avoparcin supplementation in broiler diets. 1. effect on small intestinal bacterial flora and performance.	diets based on barley or corn without avoparcin supplementation were associated with high counts of clostridium perfringens in the contents of the small intestine of the birds at the age of 2 to 4 wk. the weight gain of birds younger than 2 wk and the body weight of 4-wk-old birds were significantly lower, and the feed conversion ratio at slaughter was significantly higher, in birds on barley diets than in birds on corn diets. the frequency of birds with sticky droppings on day 21 was significan ...	1992	1614952
development of double sandwich elisa for clostridium perfringens beta and epsilon toxins.	specific, double-sandwich elisas for beta and epsilon toxins were developed by coating wells of microplates with specific sheep antitoxin igg and using specific rabbit antitoxin igg as detecting antibodies. the assay for beta toxin detected a minimum level of 8 ng/ml of purified toxin. the assay for epsilon toxin was capable of detecting 2 ng/ml of purified toxin. when applied to detect the toxin in intestinal contents using 50% fetal bovine serum as diluent the lowest amounts detected were abou ...	1992	1615638
comparative sensitivity study of clostridium perfringens towards 16 antibiotics from different classes.	a series of 16 antibiotics from different classes (5-nitro imidazoles, beta-lactams, cyclins, macrolids, chloramphenicol) was examined for their bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities on 45 strains of clostridium perfringens, with determination of mic and mbc values. several techniques of multivariate analysis were used in order to visualize differentiations in sensitivity profiles: principal component analysis (pca) and preferentially correspondence factorial analysis (cfa). this approach r ...	1992	1616577
[studies on clostridium absonum isolates from clinical specimens].	two strains of clostridium absonum isolated from clinical specimens and a type strain were tested for heat resistance of spores, biochemical properties and neutralization of their lecithinase by anti-c. perfringens alpha toxin antiserum. in addition, the usefulness of rapid ana (amuco) and anident (api) kits for the identification of c. absonum was examined. the results were summarized as follows: 1. c. absonum isolates from clinical specimens were resistant against heating at 70 degrees c for 1 ...	1992	1624818
genomic diversity and organization of virulence genes in the pathogenic anaerobe clostridium perfringens.	pulsed-field gel electrophoresis has been used to assess genomic diversity and to identify virulence regions in 10 strains, representing all five serotypes, of the anaerobic pathogen clostridium perfringens. detailed physical and gene maps of the approximately 3.6 mb circular chromosomes have been established in eight cases and used to deduce a consensus map. with one exception the chromosomal arrangement was relatively constant and map comparison allowed three hypervariable regions to be identi ...	1992	1625573
high mortality of domestic turkeys associated with ascaridia dissimilis.	third- and fourth-stage ascaridia dissimilis larvae were isolated from commercial white turkey intestinal scrapings from two farms that were experiencing high mortality. lesions consisted of a necrotic-like enteritis that was most severe in the jejunum. subsequent bacteriological isolation yielded heavy growth of escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens. the rate of mortality declined rapidly when the turkeys were administered 18 ppm fenbendazole for 7 days.	1992	1627118
inhibition of clostridium perfringens phospholipase c by ammonium and sulfonium dications.	polyamines, alkyldiammonium and alkyldisulfonium salts, inhibit the clostridium perfringens phospholipase c-catalyzed hydrolysis of 1-s-phosphocholine-2-o-hexadecanoyl-1-mercapto-2-ethanol (1) at ph 7.5, 37 degrees c, mu = 1.0 with kcl. simple saturation kinetics are observed as both 1 and [ca2+] are varied and simple linear inhibition is observed. the data are consistent with a non-competitive mechanism that involves binding of the inhibitors to free enzyme, e.[ca2+] and e.[ca2+].[s]; the inhib ...	1992	1627607
the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on faecal flora and bacterial antibody levels in rheumatoid arthritis.	the faecal flora and bacterial antibody levels of 22 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (ra) were compared with those of 26 patients with osteoarthritis (oa) undergoing comparable treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids), and a further 22 patients with oa who were not receiving nsaids. faecal counts of clostridium perfringens were significantly higher in the ra patient group and in those oa patients receiving nsaids, compared with those oa patients not taking nsaids ( ...	1992	1628165
clostridium perfringens septicaemia and massive intravascular haemolysis as a terminal complication of autologous bone marrow transplant.		1992	1633687
[bacteremia caused by clostridium perfringens as a complication of ureterosigmoidostomy].	a 63 year old male underwent cystectomy and ureterosigmoidostomy after diffuse carcinoma "in situ" of the bladder was discovered, and thereafter, various episodes of pyelonephritis and metabolic imbalance, in one of them, a left pneumo-ureter and a positive blood culture for clostridium perfringens and enterococci was detected. empiric therapy with aztreonam was started, and changed after to high-dose intravenous amoxicillin. two months later the ureterosigmoidostomy was converted to an ileal co ...	1992	1636462
barley inclusion and avoparcin supplementation in broiler diets. 2. clinical, pathological, and bacteriological findings in a mild form of necrotic enteritis.	the clinical, pathological, and bacteriological findings of a mild form of necrotic enteritis (ne) in broiler chickens are presented. the term subclinical ne (sne) is proposed for this condition. a diagnosis of sne was based on the detection of macroscopically visible, focal necrotic lesions in the small intestinal mucosa. the ileal gut contents from sne birds yielded increased numbers of clostridium perfringens and reduced numbers of coliform bacteria. reduced numbers of lactobacilli and strept ...	1992	1641378
localization of the receptor-binding region of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin utilizing cloned toxin fragments and synthetic peptides. the 30 c-terminal amino acids define a functional binding region.	in this study a short sequence encoding the receptor-binding activity of the much larger 35-kda enterotoxin elaborated by clostridium perfringens was localized by recombinant dna techniques. defined fragments corresponding to portions of the enterotoxin gene were cloned into an escherichia coli expression vector system, and these lysates were analyzed for their ability to compete for binding with native c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). the lysate containing cpe290-319 (cpe sequence encompassing ...	1991	1645721
fate of human enteric viruses, coliphages, and clostridium perfringens during drinking-water treatment.	the elimination of human enteric viruses, coliphages, and clostridium perfringens was studied during a conventional complete drinking-water treatment process. the respective concentrations (geometric mean) of these microorganisms in 100-l samples of river water were, respectively, as follows: viruses, 79 mpniu (most probable number of infectious units) per 100 l, coliphages, 6565 pfu (plaque-forming units) per 100 l. and clostridia, 11,349 cfu (colony-forming units) per 100 l. after predisinfect ...	1991	1647854
activity of mersacidin, a novel peptide, compared with that of vancomycin, teicoplanin, and daptomycin.	mersacidin, a new peptide antibiotic, was four- to eightfold less active (mic for 90% of isolates, 8 micrograms/ml) than vancomycin, teicoplanin, or daptomycin against staphylococcus aureus. coagulase-negative staphylococci were inhibited by 8 micrograms/ml, and the mics of mersacidin for hemolytic streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae were 4 to 8 micrograms/ml. the mersacidin mics for anaerobic organisms were as follows: clostridium perfringens, 4 micrograms/ml; propionibacterium acnes, 8 m ...	1991	1649577
[functional and morphological changes in the tissues of the extremity 25 years after anaerobic infection].		1991	1651005
gangliosides as binding sites in sa-11 rotavirus infection of llc-mk2 cells.	the chemical nature of receptors involved in the attachment of simian rotavirus (sa-11) to a monkey kidney cell line (llc-mk2) was investigated. enzymic treatment of cells before virus infection indicated that membrane proteins and phospholipids are not involved in virus attachment, whereas sialic acid and galactose participate in the receptor structure to differing extents. incubation of sa-11 with bovine brain gangliosides before infection strongly reduced its ability to bind to cell membranes ...	1991	1655958
the prevalence of enteric pathogens in diarrhoeic thoroughbred foals in britain and ireland.	a survey of 77 normal and 326 diarrhoeic foals in britain and ireland from 1987 to 1989 revealed a significantly higher prevalence of group a rotaviruses and aeromonas hydrophila in diarrhoeic foals. the prevalence of cryptosporidia, potentially pathogenic escherichia coli, yersinia enterocolitica and clostridium perfringens was similar in normal or diarrhoeic foals. rotaviruses had a similar prevalence in all age groups of scouring foals up to three months of age, with an overall prevalence of ...	1991	1663866
collagenase of clostridium perfringens type a: degradation of human complement component c1q.	the semipurified collagenases from clostridium perfringens type a strains 2-cli and atcc 13124, both characterized by molecular weights of 79.4 kilodaltons, partially degraded purified human complement (c) component c1q. the following purified human serum proteins were refractory: c components c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, and c9; immunoglobulin (ig)a (from colostrum), igg, and igm; alpha 2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, and c-reactive protein.	1991	1665065
quantification of the potencies of edrf-releasers from isolated rabbit aortic strips.	we have compared several known releasers of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (edrf)(13) in respect to their potencies to generate edrf by endothelium of rabbit aortic strips (rba) superfused with krebs' buffer. the vasorelaxation by edrf which is equivalent to 10 pmoles of gtn was evoked by 0.7 pmoles of substance p(sp), 50 pmoles of acetylcholine (ach), 521 pmoles of calcium ionophore a 23187, 2720 pmoles of adp. threshold potencies of these agonists are inversely proportional to the maximum ...	1990	1669477
hospital green salads and the effects of washing them.	each week from april 1989 to february 1990, a plate of green salad prepared in the hospital kitchen was examined microbiologically. of the 256 plates examined, 51% had total viable counts (tvcs) of greater than or equal to 10(5) colony forming units (cfu) g-1. staphylococcus aureus was present in 13 samples and escherichia coli in one sample. no listeria monocytogenes, clostridium perfringens or salmonella spp. were isolated. the effect of washing mustard and cress, cucumber and the different la ...	1991	1674258
outbreak of clostridium perfringens food poisoning.	an outbreak of diarrhoea occurred at a 647-bedded long-stay hospital from 11 to 14 june 1989. fifty-eight elderly residents developed symptoms and there were two deaths. the organism was identified as clostridium perfringens type a, serotype tw23. the source of the outbreak was found to be inadequately reheated minced beef served at lunchtime on 11 june. the reason why only 4 of the possible 16 wards receiving minced beef were affected was thought to be due to the division of the batch of minced ...	1991	1675646
an investigation into clostridium perfringens enterotoxin-associated diarrhoea.	an investigation was carried out to establish the incidence of diarrhoea associated with the presence of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens. the results indicate a high risk group, namely elderly hospitalized patients, who should be investigated for this organism in a similar way to clostridium difficile if symptoms occur. the significance of antibiotic association is suggested and cross-infection was shown to be a possibility. detection of the enterotoxin was accompanied in all cases by th ...	1991	1680904
a modified theta-toxin produced by limited proteolysis and methylation: a probe for the functional study of membrane cholesterol.	a derivative of cytolytic theta-toxin from clostridium perfringens was prepared by limited proteolytic digestion of the native toxin followed by methylation. among the chloroform/methanol-extractable, lipid components of sheep and human erythrocytes, the proteinase-nicked and methylated derivative (mc theta) specifically binds to cholesterol. while mc theta retains binding affinity comparable to that of intact toxin, it causes no obvious membrane damage, resulting in no hemolysis at temperatures ...	1990	1692243
a simple and specific assay of glycosyltransferase and glycosidase activities by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and its application to assay of galactosyltransferase activity in sera from patients with cancer.	a simple, sensitive, and specific assay method for glycosyltransferase and glycosidase activities has been established by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using monoclonal antibody, h-11 directed to lactoneotetraosylceramide (nlc4cer). enzyme activity was determined by assaying the amount of reaction product, nlc4cer with the elisa method. for the assay of galactosyltransferase activity, lactotriaosylceramide (lc3cer) immobilized on a 96-well microtiter plate was incubated w ...	1990	1692829
anti-idiotypic antibody-induced protection against clostridium perfringens type d.	a monoclonal antibody (balb/c mouse) with specificity for a neutralizing epitope on the epsilon-toxin produced by clostridium perfringens type d was used to raise anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-id) in different strains of mice and rabbits. these were purified and used in cross-immunization studies to induce anti-(anti-idiotype). all strains of mice and rabbits immunized with balb/c-derived anti-id showed a high-titer antibody response directed towards the active site of the toxin. this protecte ...	1990	1695203
pore-forming toxins: experiments with s. aureus alpha-toxin, c. perfringens theta-toxin and e. coli haemolysin in lipid bilayers, liposomes and intact cells.	three quite different bacterial toxins (s. aureus alpha-toxin, c. perfringens theta-toxin and e. coli haemolysin) induce the leakage of phosphorylated metabolites from lettre cells and of calcein from liposomes; in each case leakage is inhibited by zn2+ greater than ca2+ greater than mg2+. inhibition is not due to displacement of toxin from the membrane, since divalent cations inhibit leakage through pre-formed pores. electrical conductivity across phospholipid bilayers is induced by each of the ...	1990	1697105
selective recognition of dna antigenic determinants by murine monoclonal anti-dna antibodies.	to assess the immune recognition of dna in systemic lupus erythematosus, the antigenic specificity of monoclonal anti-dna antibodies from autoimmune mrl-lpr/lpr mice was investigated determinant specificity was assessed by elisa in terms of binding to a panel of ssdna antigens including calf thymus, human placenta, escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, micrococcus lysodeikticus, salmon testes, chicken blood and murine dna. among the monoclonal antibodies, a variety of binding patterns was o ...	1990	1698581
[the determination of phospholipase activity using the 31p-nmr spectroscopic method].	the authors have developed a rather rapid and convenient method for testing and measurement of phospholipase c (ec 3.1.4.3) activity, based on continuous recording of the signal reduction in 31p-nmr spectrum of lecithin phosphate group (chemical sigma shift = 0.2 parts per million as regards h3po4) or of phosphocholine signal augmentation (sigma = -4 parts per million). this method permits a quantitative estimation of lecithin loss or phosphocholine accrual from the kinetics of integral intensit ...	1991	1710709
the trypanosoma cruzi neuraminidase contains sequences similar to bacterial neuraminidases, ywtd repeats of the low density lipoprotein receptor, and type iii modules of fibronectin.	trypanosoma cruzi expresses a developmentally regulated neuraminidase (tcna) implicated in parasite invasion of cells. we isolated full-length dna clones encoding tcna. sequence analysis demonstrated an open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 1,162 amino acids. in the n-terminus there is a cysteine-rich domain containing a stretch of 332 amino acids nearly 30% identical to the clostridium perfringens neuraminidase, three repeat motifs highly conserved in bacterial and viral neuraminidases ...	1991	1711561
epitope mapping of the alpha-toxin of clostridium perfringens.	a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for the clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin was produced by the fusion of x63.ag8-653 cells with splenocytes from mice immunized either intrasplenically or intraperitoneally with an alpha-toxoid. the toxin-binding activity of each monoclonal antibody was evaluated. the monoclonal antibodies were also screened for their toxin-neutralizing potential in vitro, as determined by the inhibition of phospholipase c and hemolytic activities. in vivo inhibition of ...	1991	1718874
sialic acid removal modulates the myocardial and vascular activity of calcium channel ligands.	selective removal of sialic acid from isolated guinea pig left atrial strips and rabbit thoracic aortic ring segments was performed by neuraminidase prepared from clostridium perfringens and was controlled electron microscopically. preincubation of these organs (2 units/ml; 2 hr) resulted in enzyme mediated hydrolysis of total tissue sialic acid; 55.2% for atria and 60.9% for aorta. contractile force of atria and arterial diameter of thoracic aorta were measured isometrically and isotonically by ...	1991	1722670
isolation and characterization of transcripts induced by androgen withdrawal and apoptotic cell death in the rat ventral prostate.	a variety of stimuli have been identified which initiate transcription-dependent programmed cell death (apoptosis) in specific target cells. since the withdrawal of androgens induces regression and apoptosis in rat ventral prostate (rvp) epithelial cells, and it is known that the androgen receptor is a transcriptional regulator, we used subtraction cdna cloning to isolate differentially expressed transcripts from the rvp of androgen ablated rats. in addition to sulfated glycoprotein-2 and glutat ...	1991	1723140
the 16s/23s ribosomal spacer region as a target for dna probes to identify eubacteria.	variable regions of the 16s ribosomal rna have been frequently used as the target for dna probes to identify microorganisms. in some situations, however, there is very little sequence variation observed between the 16s rrna genes of closely related microorganisms. this study presents a general method to obtain species-specific probes using the spacer (intergenic) region between the 16s and 23s rrna genes. the overall strategy is analogous to that which has previously been developed for the varia ...	1991	1726852
cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin gene and its expression in escherichia coli.	the sequence of 20 amino acids from the n terminus of clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin was determined. some differences between this sequence and the previously published sequence (a. s. bhown and a. f. s. a. habeeb, biochem. biophys. res. commun. 78:889-896, 1977) were found. a degenerate 23-bp pair oligonucleotide probe was designed from the amino acid sequence data and used to isolate a dna fragment containing the gene encoding epsilon-toxin (etx) from c. perfringens type b. the gene enc ...	1992	1729175
enterotoxaemia in dogs.		1991	1746124
kinetic mechanism of clostridium perfringens phospholipase c. hydrolysis of a thiophosphate analogue of lysophosphatidylcholine.	the hydrolysis of s-[2-(hexadecanoyloxy)ethyl]thiophosphocholine (i), an analogue of lysophosphatidylcholine, by clostridium perfringens phospholipase c, was followed at ph 7.5, 37 degrees c and i 1.0 (maintained with kcl), in a continuous assay, by monitoring the reduction of 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) at 412 nm. simple saturation kinetics are observed with linear mixed-type slope-intercept effects for the hydrolysis of compound (i) with variable [ca2+] at fixed concentrations of comp ...	1991	1747114
enterotoxaemia in cats.		1991	1750183
bacteriological quality of potable water sources supplying morogoro municipality and its outskirts: a case study in tanzania.	bacteriological quality of potable water supplying morogoro municipality and its outskirts (population 135,000 people) was assessed by the determination of the most probable number (mpn) of faecal coliforms, escherichia coli, faecal streptococci and clostridium perfringens for a period of 6 months. river water and chlorinated pipeborne water were found contaminated with microorganisms in the order of 3.8 x 10(1) to 4.95 x 10(3); 3.2 x 10(1) to 4.5 x 10(3); 10(1) to 6.4 x 10(1) and 1.2 x 10(1) to ...	1991	1752297
successful antibiotic therapy of clostridial septic arthritis in a patient with bilateral total hip prostheses.	we report a case of clostridial bacteraemia with infection of a prosthetic hip joint. the patient was successfully treated with iv benzyl penicillin and fucidin followed by oral amoxycillin and probenecid, without surgical intervention. she had no recurrence of her infection in the 19 months before her death. this is believed to be the first reported case of clostridial infection affecting a prosthetic joint.	1991	1753138
virulence of clinical and fecal isolates of clostridium perfringens type a for outbred nmri mice.	twelve clinical and 102 fecal isolates from healthy carriers of clostridium perfringens type a were tested for virulence in juvenile, outbred nmri mice (intramuscular route). there were marked differences (up to 1,000-fold) in virulence among strains of both groups of isolates. on average, clinical isolates were not more virulent than fecal isolates. fresh epinephrine (10 micrograms/mouse and given concurrently with bacterial inocula) significantly augmented virulence. the murine model of hill a ...	1991	1760942
[biological and pharmacological properties of clostridium perfringens alpha toxin].		1991	1762173
growth, sporulation and enterotoxin production by clostridium perfringens type a in the presence of human bile salts.	the effect of human bile juice and bile salts (sodium cholate, sodium taurocholate, sodium glycochenodeoxycholate and sodium chenodeoxycholate) on growth, sporulation and enterotoxin production by enterotoxin-positive and enterotoxin-negative strains of clostridium perfringens was determined. each bile salt inhibited growth to a different degree. a mixture of bile salts completely inhibited the growth of enterotoxin-positive strains of this organism. human bile juice completely inhibited the gro ...	1991	1769549
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid detection of toxins from clostridium perfringens.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with antibodies specific to beta, epsilon and iota ib toxins of clostridium perfringens was developed to detect beta, epsilon and iota ib toxins, respectively. the elisa was sensitive enough to detect as little as 1.0 ng/ml of purified beta and iota ib toxins and 0.1 ng/ml of purified epsilon toxin. by means of the elisa method, 192 isolates of c. perfringens from food samples in japan and thailand, and 58 isolates from patients suffering from gas gan ...	1991	1769554
evaluation of the proposed interaction of nucleic acid with clostridium difficile toxins a and b and the effects of nucleases on cytotoxicity.	both dna and rna were found to co-purify with clostridium difficile toxin b but not toxin a. dnaase treatment greatly reduced the cytotoxicity of toxin b but not of toxin a. rnaase had no effect on either toxin. the effects on toxin b were shown to be due to a contaminating protease and could be inhibited by the serine protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride.	1991	1769556
a cytolysin, theta-toxin, preferentially binds to membrane cholesterol surrounded by phospholipids with 18-carbon hydrocarbon chains in cholesterol-rich region.	we have previously suggested the existence of two distinctive states of cholesterol in erythrocyte and lymphoma cell membranes as revealed by high- and low-affinity binding sites for theta-toxin of clostridium perfringens [ohno-iwashita, y., iwamoto, m., mitsui, k., ando, s., & nagai, y. (1988) eur. j. biochem. 176, 95-101; ohno-iwashita, y., iwamoto, m., ando, s., mitsui, k., & iwashita, s. (1990) biochim. biophys. acta 1023, 441-448]. to understand factor(s) which determine membrane cholestero ...	1991	1769965
[massive intravascular hemolysis in septicemia caused by clostridium perfringens].	a case of massive haemolytic anaemia in the course of a c. perfringens sepsis of hepatic origin is presented. the diagnosis was strongly suggested by the presence of intragranulocytic capsulated bacilli in a giemsa stained peripheral blood smear. the patient developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. the outcome was fatal and the patient died eight hours after admission. we review the aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of haemolysis in clostridium perfringens infections.	1991	1776111
bacterial interactions in the intestine of the newborn delivered by cesarean section.	the purpose of this study was to clarify the role of the intestinal anaerobic bacteria colonizing the intestine of the newborn delivered by cesarean section. control of the intestinal microecology is dependent on many factors including intestinal peristalsis, the intraluminal environment, and microbial interactions, that deter the overgrowth of pathogens populations. numerous factors help achieve this normal balance. the effect of feeding seems to induce bacteriological changes.	1991	1776777
the presence of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens strains in faeces of various animals.	the presence of clostridium perfringens in faeces of horses, cattle, poultry and pigs was determined. c. perfringens was detected in 24%, 36%, 80% and 2% of the faecal samples, respectively. faecal samples containing enterotoxigenic strains as assessed by colony hybridization amounted to 14%, 22%, 10% and 0% respectively.	1991	1777387
molecular genetics and pathogenesis of clostridium perfringens.	clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of a number of human diseases, such as gas gangrene and food poisoning, and many diseases of animals. recently significant advances have been made in the development of c. perfringens genetics. studies on bacteriocin plasmids and conjugative r plasmids have led to the cloning and analysis of many c. perfringens genes and the construction of shuttle plasmids. the relationship of antibiotic resistance genes to similar genes from other bacteria has bee ...	1991	1779929
phospholipase c-induced anion secretion and its interaction with carbachol in the rat colonic mucosa.	phospholipase c (plc) from clostridium perfringens induced a biphasic increase in short-circuit current (isc) in the rat colon. the isc rose rapidly to a transient peak, before it increased again to a plateau lasting for several hours. ion replacement experiments and sensitivity to furosemide or a cl- channel blocker indicated that plc induced cl- secretion. the first peak was suppressed by indomethacin, indicating mediation by prostaglandins. in contrast, the second phase was only partially sen ...	1991	1782989
a continuous fluorometric assay for phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens.	a fluorescent assay for clostridium perfringens phospholipase c is described using 1-palmitoyl-2-[6(pyren-1-yl)hexanoyl]-sn-glycero-3- phospho-n-(trinitrophenyl)aminoethanol (pphte) as the substrate. this method is based on the decrease of the quenching of pyrene monomer fluorescence when phospholipase c hydrolyzes pphte into pyrenediglyceride and phospho(trinitrophenyl)-aminoethanol. the hydrolysis of egg lecithin/pphte (25:1 molar ratio) substrate by c. perfringens phospholipase c was linear w ...	1991	1790580
an alternative to the toxin neutralization assay in mice for the potency testing of the clostridium tetani, clostridium septicum, clostridium novyi type b and clostridium perfringens type d epsilon components of multivalent sheep vaccines.	potency testing of veterinary vaccines containing clostridial antigens currently requires the vaccination of laboratory rabbits followed by the determination of specific antitoxin concentration in the rabbit sera by toxin neutralization test in mice. elisas are described as an alternative method to toxin neutralization for the determination of clostridium tetani, clostridium septicum, clostridium novyi type b and clostridium perfringens type d epsilon antitoxins. the assays were found to be rapi ...	1991	1797039
[clostridium perfringens in the oral saliva in galvanism].	clostridia perfringens are much more frequently isolated from galvanism patients than other microorganisms. this fact should be not omitted by physicians, for these bacteria may induce a specific infectious process.	1991	1798982
a study of the bacterial and parasitic causes of acute diarrhoea in northern jordan.	the prevalence of bacterial and parasitic diarrhoeagenic agents in 200 patients suffering from acute diarrhoea and reporting to hospitals and health centres in northern jordan, and in controls was determined. one or more bacterial or parasitic enteropathogens was isolated from 79 patients (39.5%). prevalence rates for these pathogens was as follows: enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, 9%; enteropathogenic e. coli, 9%; salmonella spp. 7%; campylobacter spp, 5.5%; yersinia enterocolitica, 4.5%; shig ...	1991	1800560
immunobiology of clostridium perfringens type a: passive protection of nmri mice. western blot analysis of immunoreactive polypeptides.	polyvalent, equine antitoxin (250 iu/mouse) passively protected nmri mice against 7 of 9 challenge strains of clostridium perfringens type a. two human immunoglobulin g (igg) preparations (polyglobin n and sandoglobulin) and two rabbit immune sera prepared against formalinized cells of c. perfringens were ineffective. cell homogenates of 4 c. perfringens strains revealed more than 15 polypeptides in sds-page electropherograms; the molecular weights ranged from 138 to 14.4 kd. normal human serum ...	1991	1804593
[the mechanism of action of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin].		1991	1805042
inhibition of the clostridium perfringens phospholipase c hydrolysis of a thiophosphate analog of lysophosphatidylcholine by micelle-bound ammonium and sulfonium cations.	cetyltrimethylammonium and n-octadecyldimethylsulfonium bromides inhibit the clostridium perfringens phospholipase c-catalyzed hydrolysis of 1-s-phosphocholine-2-o-hexadecanoyl-1-mercapto-2-ethanol (1) at ph 7.5, 37 degrees c, mu = 0.15 with kcl. mixed micelles containing 1 and either inhibitor are substrates for the enzyme and the fraction of activity remaining is a monotonic, but non-linear function of the mole fraction of inhibitor. simple saturation kinetics are observed as the concentration ...	1991	1805098
clostridial infection as a cause of fulminant congenital sepsis neonatorum.		1991	1814298
isolation of a fibroblast mutant resistant to clostridium difficile toxins a and b.	a mutant of chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (don cells), resistant against clostridium difficile toxins a and b, was isolated after mutagenization with ethylmethanesulphonate and a two-step selection with toxin b. the mutant, termed cdtr-q, was 10(4) times more resistant to toxin b than wild-type cells and cross-resistant to toxin a (10(3) times more resistant). the resistance was overcome by increasing the dose of toxin. the resistance has been stable after cultivation for 40 generations in th ...	1991	1816487
predisposing factors in enterotoxemias of camels (camelus dromedarius) caused by clostridium perfringens type a.	c. perfringens type a was isolated from different organs and intestines from breeding and racing camels which died from peracute and acute enterotoxemias in two separate outbreaks. pathological changes in the digestive tract were mild in breeding camels, and severe in racing camels. a polyvalent clostridial antiserum of bovine origin given intravenously had a life-saving effect on breeding camels, but not on racing camels. in the two outbreaks, fifty percent of the breeding camels were suffering ...	1991	1818358
proposed scheme for isolation and identification of clostridium perfringens and clostridium perfringens-like organisms.	the properties of 220 strains of clostridium perfringens and clostridium perfringens-like organisms were studied. a scheme was designed for the identification of these strains. the scheme was based on the presence/or absence of lecithinase enzyme, synergestic haemolysis with streptococcus group b toxin, their inhibition with appropriate antisera and reaction in the lactose gelatin nitrate motility test (lgnm) with the fermentation of a few sugars.	1991	1818359
local beneficial effect of coumarin in experimental peritonitis.	coumarin, a potent immune stimulant and macrophage activator, has been used to treat brucellosis and as an immune suppressor. the effect of coumarin and systemic antibiotics on septicaemia, survival and peritoneal contamination in experimental peritonitis was assessed. four groups of male sprague-dawley rats were inoculated with clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli and bacteroides fragilis. group a received saline alone, group b received coumarin alone, group c received antibiotics (clindam ...	1991	1824392
population of salmonella serovar typhimurium in the cecum of gnotobiotic chickens with escherichia coli and intestinal bacteria.	to test the interaction between various species of bacteria and salmonella serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium), the population of s. typhimurium was measured in the cecum of gnotobiotic chickens in the presence of escherichia coli (e. coli) and one of the four intestinal bacteria; lactobacillus acidophilus. clostridium perfringens, bifidobacterium thermophilum and bacteroides vulgatus. competitive exclusion of s. typhimurium by di-flora chicken was not demonstrated. but the population of s. typ ...	1991	1830793
use of an indirect haemagglutination test for the detection of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin.	an indirect haemagglutination (ih) test is described for the detection of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin, produced by strains isolated from human cases of food poisoning and from contaminated food. though no strict relationship could be observed between titers in the ih test and the time it took mice to die from the intravenous inoculation of mice (iim test), results of the supernatants examined by both methods demonstrated that the ih test was more sensitive than the iim one. no uns ...	1991	1842397
detection of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin in faecal and food samples using immunomagnetic separation (ims)-elisa.	a simple, rapid and sensitive immunoassay, based on immunomagnetic particles (dynabeads m-280) was developed for detection and quantitation of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin from faecal and food extracts. the assay had a detection limit of 2.5 ng/ml enterotoxin in homogenates of faeces and inoculated meat extracts. the specificity was confirmed by both crossed immunoelectrophoresis and western immunoblotting techniques, using a purified enterotoxin as standard.	1991	1854600
[study on ursodeoxycholic acid biotransformation by three strains of clostridia].	using the improved tlc procedure, we measured the conversion rates of ursodeoxycholic acid(udca) from chenodeoxycholic acid (cdca) by 3 strains of clostridia--c. perfringens hs-10, c. butyricum dl-20 and lq-29 isolated. the orthogonal test was used to determine the optical conditions of biotransformation for hs-10. it was found that the conversion rate of udca by hs-10 was over 80% during 6-48 h in rcm medium containing 0.2 mmol/l cdca. the udca conversion rates were still over 70% when the cdca ...	1991	1862653
[antimicrobial activity of ornidazole and 6 other antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria].	the antimicrobial susceptibility of 235 anaerobic bacterial strains to ornidazole, metronidazole, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, penicillin, cefoxitin and imipenem has been studied using agar-dilution technique. ornidazole and metronidazole were active against 88.6% and 86% of gram-positive cocci. overall, 99.1% of bacteroides group fragilis, and 91.3% of non-fragilis bacteroides were also sensitive to both drugs. we did not find any clostridium perfringens resistant strain. cefoxitin and penicil ...	1991	1863621
newly documented antimicrobial activity of quinolones.	the improved antimicrobial activity of newer fluoroquinolones and novel applications recently found for the drugs already marketed are reviewed. several new compounds are more active against gram-positive bacteria than the presently marketed fluoroquinolones. win 57273, the most potent compound in vitro on a weight basis, is 16 to 128 times more active than ciprofloxacin against various staphylococci, streptococci, enterococcus spp., corynebacterium spp., listeria monocytogenes and bacillus spp. ...	1991	1864284
nosocomial infections of ocular conjunctiva in newborns delivered by cesarian section.	colonization of the ocular conjunctiva in newborns delivered by cesarian section occurs usually within the first day of life. we have studied the flora of the ocular conjunctiva at birth, from 19 newborns delivered by cesarian section, coming from two different maternity hospitals. ocular conjunctiva cultures yielded the main predominant flora in both maternity hospitals considered. the most common genus of this flora are: staphylococcus, corynebacterium and propionibacterium acnes. peptostrepto ...	1991	1870845
[behavior of clostridium perfringens in the intestine of newborn infants born by cesarean section].	colonization of the digestive tract by c. perfringens was studied in infants born by cesarean section. correlations between the level of colonization and the environment, type of feeding, and presence of other anaerobic bacteria were looked for. colonization by c. perfringens was found as early as the second day of life in one of the maternity wards studied, suggesting presence of the microorganism in the environment. by the 14th day of life, colonization with c. perfringens was demonstrated in ...	1991	1872527
the microflora of the lower respiratory tract of the horse: an autopsy study.	a series of 31 thoroughbreds and 18 non-thoroughbreds was examined post mortem to assess what bacteria might be present in the lower respiratory tract, and to assess their significance by correlating the bacteriological findings with histological changes in the lung. the distal trachea and seven representative lung sites were swabbed in each case. sixty-six per cent of the sites were sterile with remaining sites producing scanty growths of mainly coagulase negative staphylococcus spp., e. coli, ...	1991	1878768
excretion of enterotoxin-producing clostridium perfringens in feces by patients during and after diarrhea.	the excretion in the feces of clostridium perfringens producing enterotoxin by 48 patients in 3 cases of food poisoning was studied during the illness and 1 and 3 months after the onset. patients in the first outbreak excreted such strains mostly in the form of spores. in the second outbreak, spores and viable count cells were excreted in nearly equal numbers, and about 50% of the spores were enterotoxigenic. in the third outbreak, the strains were detected both as spores and as viable count cel ...	1991	1880448
gas gangrene.		1991	1884064
cloning, mapping, and molecular characterization of the rrna operons of clostridium perfringens.	all 10 rrna operons have been situated on the genome map of the anaerobic pathogen clostridium perfringens. four of these have been cloned and partially sequenced, and their transcriptional patterns in vivo and in vitro have been examined. expression of rrna, rrnb, and rrne is directed by tandem promoters, p1 and p2, whereas rrnh is the only one to be expressed from a single promoter, which resembles p1. on inspection of the nucleotide sequences of the control regions, several sites which might ...	1991	1885522
differences in signs and lesions in sheep and goats with enterotoxemia induced by intraduodenal infusion of clostridium perfringens type d.	enterotoxemia was induced in 4 lambs and 4 goat kids by continuous intraduodenal infusion of a whole culture of clostridium perfringens type d. clinical signs, hematologic values, biochemical alterations, and postmortem lesions in the lambs and goat kids were compared. the 4 lambs and 4 goat kids died within 25 hours of beginning the infusions. lesions were not observed in the gastrointestinal tract of the 4 lambs; however, severe hemorrhagic enterocolitis was found in the 4 goat kids. this diff ...	1991	1892271
[liver abscess after elective cholecystectomy].	the authors submit the case-history of a 39-year-old patient with elective cholecystectomy where the immediate postoperative course was complicated by a liver abscess. the authors discuss aetiological factors, diagnosis and treatment of liver abscesses. in the conclusion they submit a proposal of atb prophylaxis in severe inflammations of the gallbladder and biliary pathways. in the department of the authors atb prophylaxis is not used before elective cholecystectomy.	1991	1896899
[bacterial enterotoxins: structure, mode of action].	the enterotoxins are macro-proteins, produced by enterotoxic bacterial strains acting in the human or animal intestine during digestive infections. in most cases, they induce diarrhoea (associated or not with tissue damage). these molecules differ in their structure and mechanism of action. some of them (cholera toxin, escherichia coli lt) activate a cyclase system (adenylate or guanylate cyclase), inducing water and electrolyte flux in the gut. conversely, others (toxins a and b, clostridium di ...	1991	1897866
[the occurrence of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens strains in the feces of dogs and cats].	a total of 147 faecal specimen of dogs and cats was examined with cultural method for the occurrence of cl. perfringens and its enterotoxin by using a reversed passive latex agglutination test (pet-rpla). cl. perfringens could be detected in 77.9% of the samples of dogs (n = 68) and 65.6% of cats (n = 32) with diarrhoea in germ counts of 10(4)-10(10) cfu/g faeces. in the group of non diarrhoeic dogs (n = 39) and cats (n = 8) cl. perfringens was found in 53.9% and 50% of the samples, the germ cou ...	1991	1898321
a recombinant, membrane-acting immunotoxin.	the anti-tac antibody is known to bind to the p55 chain of the human interleukin 2 receptor. an immunotoxin was produced by genetically linking clostridium perfringens phospholipase c (plc) to the fab domain of anti-tac. for this purpose, the plc gene, with its own promoter and signal sequence, was fused to the 5' end of the vhch1 segment of the anti-tac heavy chain gene. the anti-tac light chain gene, with an attached bacterial signal sequence, was made part of the same transcriptional unit. es ...	1991	1898711
travelers' diarrhea among united states military personnel during joint american-egyptian armed forces exercises in cairo, egypt.	a study was conducted of travelers' diarrhea in a united states military population on deployment in cairo, egypt, during july and august 1987. acute diarrhea requiring medical attention developed in 183 (4%) of 4,500 troops. a possible etiologic agent was identified in 49% of all diarrhea cases. enteric pathogens associated with cases of diarrhea included: enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (17% st-producers, 13% lt-producers, and 3% lt/st-producers); shigella (9%); campylobacter spp. (2%); salmo ...	1991	1900113
hemolytic and sphingomyelinase activities of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin are dependent on a domain homologous to that of an enzyme from the human arachidonic acid pathway.	the n-terminal domain of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin, homologous with the nontoxic phospholipase c of bacillus cereus, was expressed in escherichia coli and shown to retain all of the phosphatidylcholine hydrolyzing activity of the alpha-toxin, but not the sphingomyelinase, hemolytic, or lethal activities. the c-terminal domain of alpha-toxin showed sequence and predicted structural homologies with the n-terminal region of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, an enzyme from the human arachidonic ...	1991	1902199
influence of bacteria on clostridium perfringens infections in young chickens.	when monoflora chickens with lactobacillus acidophilus or streptococcus faecalis were inoculated with clostridium perfringens either in broth culture or resuspended in gifu anaerobic medium broth or supernatant fluid, few or no chickens died. approximately 50% of germ-free chickens died after inoculation of c. perfringens culture, whereas no conventional birds died after inoculation of broth culture. c. perfringens in the contents of duodenum from germ-free chickens numbered about 10(4) colony-f ...	1991	1903033
demonstration of transient bacterobilia by foreign body implantation in feline biliary tract.	the biliary tract of cats is known to be free of autochthonous bacteria above the sphincter of oddi. in this experiment we investigated whether transient bacterobilia occurs in the biliary system under normal conditions. polyethylene tubes and human cholesterol stones were implanted surgically into the gallbladder of cats. sham cholecystostomy was performed as control operation. these cats were euthanized at two, six, and 12 weeks, and the implants were removed, cultured, and studied by scanning ...	1991	1906397
inhibition of clostridium tyrobutyricum by bacteriocin-like substances produced by lactic acid bacteria.	lactic acid bacteria were selected for their inhibitory activity against clostridium tyrobutyricum under conditions that eliminate the effects of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide. four strains were isolated belonging to the species lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis. the sensitivity of the inhibitory substances to pronase and trypsine indicates that they are proteins or peptides different from nisin. their resistance to phospholipase d indicates that they are also different from lactostrepcin. the ...	1991	1907300
the effect of pediococcus damnosus and pediococcus pentosaceus on the growth of pathogens in minced meat.	the antibacterial effects of one strain of pediococcus damnosus and two strains of pediococcus pentosacaeus against clostridium perfringens, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella infantis and yersinia enterocolitica were investigated. growth inhibition studies were conducted in juice from minced meat incubated at +6 degrees c and +15 degrees c for various periods after the inoculation with pediococci. inhibitory effects were seen for all bacteria tested.	1991	1907475
the occurrence and growth of microorganisms during the fermentation of fish sausage.	minced fish (mullet) sausage mixes containing added sugar, salt, nitrate, nitrite and spices were fermented (48 h, 30 degrees c) by indigenous flora or by a starter culture (pediococcus acidilactici) and the microbial ecology and behaviour of various bacteria was monitored. pediococcus pentosaceus and lactobacillus plantarum dominated the indigenous fermentation, achieving populations of 10(7)-10(8) cfu/g by 48 h, and decreasing the ph of the mix to 4.5-4.7. significant growth (10(5)-10(7) cfu/g ...	1991	1909546