Publications

monitoring c-reactive protein in beagle dogs experimentally inoculated with ehrlichia canis.	the concentrations of c-reactive proteins (crp) in the plasma of five beagle dogs experimentally inoculated with ehrlichia canis increased markedly. the concentrations began to increase between 4 and 16 days and peaked between 15 and 42 days after inoculation of e. canis. the peak concentrations ranged from 217.8 to 788.8 microg/ml (452.6 +/- 228.1 sd). after the peak, the concentrations of crp decreased rapidly. the pcr product of 16s rrna of e. canis became detectable in the five dogs between ...	2002	12090289
comparison of serological detection methods for diagnosis of ehrlichia canis infections in dogs.	we determined the value of four serological assays for the diagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis by comparing them to the indirect fluorescent-antibody assay "gold standard." the specificity of dip-s-ticks was significantly lower than that of all of the other tests evaluated. the sensitivity of dip-s-ticks was significantly higher than that of snap3dx or the snap canine combo. the sensitivity of the rmap2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was significantly higher than that of the sn ...	2002	12202605
differential serological testing by simultaneous indirect immunofluorescent antibody test in canine leishmaniosis and ehrlichiosis.	a mixed indirect fluorescence antibody test (ifat), based on cultured promastigotes leishmania infantum and formol-inactivated suspension of cells infected with the bacteria ehrlichia canis, was applied to make a differential diagnosis between canine ehrlichiosis and leishmaniosis. a titre greater than 80 was considered positive for antibodies to e. canis and suggestive of antibodies to l. infantum. positive sera were titrated subsequently by serial dilutions to confirm antibodies positive to le ...	2002	12423931
utility of an in-office c6 elisa test kit for determination of infection status of dogs naturally exposed to borrelia burgdorferi.	serologic evaluation for the diagnosis of lyme disease has been confounded by several factors, including a high prevalence of clinically normal dogs testing seropositive, persistence of antibodies, and the introduction of vaccines that will induce antibodies detectable by immunofluorescent antibody assay, whole-cell elisa, and western blot assay. the utility of a commercially available in-office test kit (snap 3dx, idexx laboratories) for the simultaneous detection of borrelia burgdorferi and eh ...	2002	12447839
evaluation of cytology in the diagnosis of acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (ehrlichia canis): a comparison between five methods.	the purpose of this study was the comparison of the diagnostic sensitivity between buffy coat (bc), peripheral blood (pb), lymph node (ln), bone marrow (bm) and short-term culture (p-d) cytology that has been based on the detection of ehrlichia canis morulae, in the acute phase of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme). their cellular localization, total numbers and microscopic differentials were also investigated. the highest sensitivities were achieved after evaluating 1000 oil immersion fields ( ...	2003	12458168
ehrlichiosis in cats.		2002	12465758
molecular evidence supporting ehrlichia canis-like infection in cats.	currently, the pathogenic role of ehrlichia canis in cats has been proposed predominantly on the basis of the serologic evidence of natural infection and the infrequent detection of morulae-like structures within the cytoplasm of leukocytes in cats. the purpose of this report was to provide molecular evidence supporting e. canis-like infection in 3 cats that had clinical manifestations consistent with canine ehrlichiosis but lacked antibodies to e. canis antigens. serum from all 3 cats contained ...	2002	12465759
systematic review of the distribution of the major vector-borne parasitic infections in dogs and cats in europe.	on the basis of a systematic review of the literature, this paper provides the first evidence-based maps of the distribution of the major vector-borne parasitic infections of dogs and cats in europe. from an initial survey of 894 publications, data from 268 were analysed, summarised and collated. prevalence data were used to calculate the force of infection to provide distribution and incidence maps for canine infections with leishmania infantum, dirofilaria immitis, dirofilaria repens, babesia ...	2003	12572938
transcriptional analysis of p30 major outer membrane protein genes of ehrlichia canis in naturally infected ticks and sequence analysis of p30-10 of e canis from diverse geographic regions.	rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks transmit ehrlichia canis, the etiologic agent of canine ehrlichiosis. in experimentally infected ticks, only p30-10 transcript was detected among 22 p30 paralogs encoding immunodominant major outer membrane p30 proteins of e. canis. the present study revealed transcription of p30-10 by e. canis in naturally infected ticks and sequence conservation of p30-10 genes for e. canis from diverse geographic regions.	2003	12574308
assay of fipronil efficacy to prevent canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in endemic areas.	our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of fipronil for the prevention of ehrlichia canis transmission to dogs by rhipicephalus sanguineus in two endemic areas situated in africa (dakar and djibouti). we carried out controlled trials in kennels for 1 year on 248 dogs, mainly police dogs and military working dogs. eight groups were studied in a multi-centre study. fifty five fipronil treated dogs were located in two separated kennels (g3, 37 dogs in djibouti and g8, 18 dogs in dakar). g1 (66 d ...	2003	12581587
review of exotic infectious diseases in small animals entering the united kingdom from abroad diagnosed by pcr.		2003	12622289
diagnosis of canine lymphoid neoplasia using clonal rearrangements of antigen receptor genes.	although the diagnosis of canine leukemia and lymphoma in advanced stages is usually uncomplicated, some presentations of the disease can be a diagnostic challenge. in certain situations, lymphoma and leukemia can be difficult to distinguish from a benign reactive proliferation of lymphocytes. because clonality is the hallmark of malignancy, we have developed an assay that uses the polymerase chain reaction to amplify the variable regions of immunoglobulin genes and t-cell receptor genes to dete ...	2003	12627711
[serologic evidence for human ehrlichiosis in chile].	ehrlichiosis is a non contagious infectious disease, mainly transmitted by thick bites. in 1998, this infection was detected in dogs, for the first time, in chile.	2003	12643221
cloning and characterization of an ehrlichia canis gene encoding a protein localized to the morula membrane.	a gene encoding a 23.5-kda ehrlichial morula membrane protein designated mmpa was cloned by screening an ehrlichia canis expression library with convalescent dog sera, which resulted in three positive clones. sequence analysis of the insert dnas from all three clones indicated an open reading frame with a size of 666 bp that encodes mmpa. the structural analysis of mmpa indicated that it is a transmembrane protein with extreme hydrophobicity. southern blot analysis of the hindiii-digested chromo ...	2003	12654844
experimental transmission of granulocytic ehrlichial organisms in dogs.	canine granulocytic ehrlichial organisms were transmitted from an infected dog from missouri to two male, 10-month-old dogs by an intravenous injection of whole blood. physical or behavioral abnormalities were not detected during the 98 days of evaluation other than a mild pyrexia from day 18 to 20. ehrlichial morulae were found in blood granulocytes of dog 1 from day 13 to 44 and of dog 2 from day 14 to 34 with the peak rickettsemia occurring on day 16 for both dogs. by day 21 after inoculaiuon ...	1990	12684945
kinetics of antibody response to ehrlichia canis immunoreactive proteins.	immunoreactive proteins of ehrlichia canis and ehrlichia chaffeensis that have been characterized include a family of 28-kda major outer membrane proteins (p28) and two large antigenically divergent surface glycoprotein orthologs. we previously demonstrated that recombinant e. canis p28 and the 140- and 200-kda glycoproteins gp140 and gp200, respectively, react strongly with serum antibodies from suspect canine ehrlichiosis cases that were positive for e. canis by immunofluorescent antibody test ...	2003	12704123
rna polymerase beta-subunit-based phylogeny of ehrlichia spp., anaplasma spp., neorickettsia spp. and wolbachia pipientis.	sequence analysis of rpob, the gene encoding the beta-subunit of rna polymerase, was used in a phylogenetic investigation of nine species from the genera ehrlichia, neorickettsia, wolbachia and anaplasma. the complete nucleotide sequences obtained for anaplasma phagocytophilum (hge agent), ehrlichia chaffeensis, neorickettsia sennetsu, neorickettsia risticii, anaplasma marginale and wolbachia pipientis were amongst the longest rpob sequences in genbank and ranged from 4074 bp for n. sennetsu to ...	2003	12710612
serologic prevalence of dirofilaria immitis, ehrlichia canis, and borrelia burgdorferi infections in brazil.	dogs infected with dirofilaria immitis, ehrlichia canis, or borrelia burgdorferi may show nonspecific clinical signs or may be asymptomatic. in brazil, e. canis and d. immitis infections are frequently diagnosed based on the presence of classical signs; however, serologic tests are seldom performed to confirm the presence of infection. to estimate the seroprevalence of these three canine diseases in brazil, 2,553 dogs presented at veterinary practices for various tests, routine treatments, or ex ...	2003	12756637
cloning and characterization of putative zinc protease genes of ehrlichia canis.	a putative zinc protease gene operon from ehrlichia canis was cloned and sequenced. a genomic library was constructed in a phg165 plasmid vector using sau3a partially digested e. canis chromosomal dna. sequence analysis of the insert dna from this clone indicated two open reading frames with a size of 1314 and 1350 bp that encodes for proa and prob, respectively. based on blast analyses, proa and prob share 20-30% identities with members of the eukaryotic mitochondrial processing peptidase (mpp) ...	2003	12825352
characterization of the major antigenic protein 2 of ehrlichia canis and ehrlichia chaffeensis and its application for serodiagnosis of ehrlichiosis.	canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, caused by ehrlichia canis or ehrlichia chaffeensis, can result in clinical disease in naturally infected animals. coinfections with these agents may be common in certain areas of endemicity. currently, a species-specific method for serological diagnosis of monocytic ehrlichiosis is not available. previously, we developed two indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) using the major antigenic protein 2 (map2) of e. chaffeensis and e. canis. in this study, ...	2003	12853379
novel immunoreactive glycoprotein orthologs of ehrlichia spp.	we previously identified a strongly immunoreactive 43 kda protein (p43) of ehrlichia canis. as an immunodiagnostic antigen, the p43 had a 96% accuracy as compared with ifa and provided species-specific diagnosis of e. canis infections. further investigation has revealed that the e. canis p43 represents the n-terminal portion of the largest immunoreactive protein described in ehrlichia spp. with a predicted molecular mass of 153 kda. analysis of the recombinant n-terminal region (p43) of the p153 ...	2003	12860706
analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences of ehrlichia canis, anaplasma platys, and wolbachia species from canine blood in japan.	in the present study, three canine blood samples from japan, that were suspected to be ehrlichia positive were examined. after sequencing the 16s rrna genes, each dog was found to be infected either with ehrlichia canis (kagoshima 1), anaplasma platys (okinawa 1), or wolbachia sp. (okinawa 2). phylogenic analysis was performed on these sequences. the nearly entire 16s rrna sequence of kagoshima 1 was found to be most similar to the sequences from oklahoma and venezuela e. canis strains (1 base p ...	2003	12860708
large granular lymphocytosis, lymphocyte subset inversion, thrombocytopenia, dysproteinemia, and positive ehrlichia serology in a dog.	a 7-year-old, mixed-breed dog was presented for evaluation of a possible lymphocytic leukemia. results of laboratory testing included thrombocytopenia, large granular lymphocytosis, inverted cd4:cd8 ratio, hyperglobulinemia, and hypoalbuminemia. results of a tick-borne disease panel indicated a positive immunoglobulin g serum titer (1:2,048) to ehrlichia canis, supporting exposure to this organism. the dog responded to a combination treatment of doxycycline and prednisone. a review of the litera ...	2003	12873028
the immunologic response of dogs to bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii antigens: as assessed by western immunoblot analysis.	bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii is a recently recognized zoonotic pathogen that causes endocarditis, granulomatous rhinitis, and granulomatous lymphadenitis in dogs. isolation of b. vinsonii (berkhoffii) from blood or tissue samples is frequently unsuccessful; therefore, diagnosis is primarily dependent on serologic or molecular testing modalities. because previous canine serologic studies have used an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa), without western immunoblot (wi) confirmatio ...	2003	12918816
identification of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma and ehrlichia species, and spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks from southeastern europe.	prevalence data for tick-borne pathogens are used to assess the risk for human health. in this study the presence and identity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, ehrlichia, anaplasma, and rickettsia species in bulgarian ixodes ricinus ticks and in non- ixodes ticks from turkey and albania was determined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse line blot hybridization. in the adult bulgarian ticks, the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection was approximately 40%, while bor ...	2003	12938010
epidemiological survey of anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis using ticks collected from dogs in japan.	detection of anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis in ticks recovered from dogs in japan was attempted using a species-specific nested pcr based on the 16s rrna gene. a total of 1211 ticks recovered from 1211 dogs from all over japan were examined for a. platys and e. canis. four tick samples from fukushima, miyazaki and kagoshima prefectures recovered from four different dogs showed a positive reaction for a. platys. although the four dogs did not show any clinical signs and no blood examination ...	2003	12944048
ehrlichia canis infections in dogs on aruba (netherlands antilles).		1957	13428628
studies on ehrlichia canis (syn. rickettsia canis).		1959	13670021
sequence and expression analysis of virb9 of the type iv secretion system of ehrlichia canis strains in ticks, dogs, and cultured cells.	ehrlichia canis virb9 was cloned and expressed. the sequences of virb9 from six geographic locations were identical. virb9 was transcribed by e. canis in dogs, ticks, and cell culture. infected dogs had antibodies to recombinant virb9, indicating that virb9 was produced by e. canis in dogs and was antigenic.	2003	14500531
portal vein and aortic thromboses in a siberian husky with ehrlichiosis and hypothyroidism.	a six-year-old, neutered male siberian husky was presented for euthanasia for end-stage liver disease. examination of the dog raised questions regarding the severity of the condition. it had presented to the referring veterinarian with polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss. blood tests at that time revealed elevated liver enzymes and hypoalbuminaemia. cirrhosis was presumptively diagnosed, based on an ultrasound examination, which showed ascites with a normal liver. the dog had a history of hypot ...	2003	14510331
down-regulation of mhc class ii receptors of dh82 cells, following infection with ehrlichia canis.	in order to evaluate whether infection with e. canis alters the expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i and/or mhc class ii receptors, and by doing so alters the immune response to the organism, flow cytometry was performed on dh82 cells infected with ehrlichia canis (90% infection) and on uninfected dh82 cells of the same passage, using anti-canine mhc class i and ii antibodies. mhc class ii expression was evident in 47.6 and 46.2% (mean 46.9%) of uninfected dh82 cells usin ...	2003	14592737
[renal amyloidosis caused by ehrlichia canis].	an 8 year old, intact female, old english sheepdog was presented with lethargy and chronic weight loss of one year duration. the dog suffered from recurrent fever and a mild peripheral lymphadenopathy. mild thrombocytopenia, monoclonal hyperglobulinemia and positive ehrlichia canis antibody titer were indicative of ehrlichiosis. the patient developed proteinuria and renal failure, which suggested the presence of glomerulopathy. immunohistochemical staining of renal biopsy specimen demonstrated a ...	2003	14593934
isolation of bartonella washoensis from a dog with mitral valve endocarditis.	we report the first documented case of bartonella washoensis bacteremia in a dog with mitral valve endocarditis. b. washoensis was isolated in 1995 from a human patient with cardiac disease. the main reservoir species appears to be ground squirrels (spermophilus beecheyi) in the western united states. based on echocardiographic findings, a diagnosis of infective vegetative valvular mitral endocarditis was made in a spayed 12-year-old female doberman pinscher. a year prior to presentation, the re ...	2003	14605197
ehrlichiosis in anemic, thrombocytopenic, or tick-infested dogs from a hospital population in south brazil.	ehrlichia canis has a worldwide distribution, but clinical manifestations may vary geographically. we selected 129 dogs to determine prevalence of ehrlichiosis in dogs with anemia, thrombocytopenia, or ticks presented to a veterinary teaching hospital in south brazil. of the 129 dogs, 68 carried the brown dog tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus), 61 had thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150,000/microl), and 19 had anemia (pcv < 22%). twenty dogs fulfilled more than one inclusion criteria. ehrlichiosi ...	2003	14637030
[incidence and seroprevalence of canine ehrlichiosis in the medjez el bab region (northwestern tunisia during 1994, 1995 and 1996].	a sero-epidemiological survey, realized in the medjez el bab region (north-west of tunisia), has concerned 180 dogs which status has been determined during the study. the animals were identified, then underwent an annual blood sampling during three successive years, in order to search for antibodies against e. canis and e. chaffeensis by indirect immunofluorescence. the results show that, in all sero-positive dogs, the levels of antibodies against e. canis were higher than those against e. chaff ...	2001	14658238
molecular detection of anaplasma platys in dogs using polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot hybridization.	several polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) and a reverse line blot hybridization (rlb) method were used to identify anaplasma platys in dogs held in a kennel in italy. whereas pcr techniques confirmed the presence of a. platys, the rlb method not only correlated the results obtained by pcr but also ruled out the presence of other species such as ehrlichia canis or e. chaffeensis. there was no correlation between infection status and age or breed of the dogs. polymerase chain reaction performed on ...	2003	14667015
characterization of the anaplasma marginale msp2 locus and its synteny with the omp1/p30 loci of ehrlichia chaffeensis and e. canis.	major surface protein 2 (msp2) is an immunodominant and antigenically variant protein in the outer membrane of the rickettsia anaplasma marginale. msp2 variation is generated by recombination into a single operon-linked genomic expression site. the complete 5.6-kb msp2 locus was identified by sequencing a 90-kb region of the st. maries strain of a. marginale. the locus encoded, in a 5' to 3' direction, a transcriptional regulator followed by five outer membrane proteins, omp1, opag3, opag2, opag ...	2004	14697516
antinuclear antibodies can be detected in dog sera reactive to bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, ehrlichia canis, or leishmania infantum antigens.	the presence of antinuclear antibodies (anas) is used to support a clinical diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) in dogs. however, clinicians must interpret the detection of anas with caution, particularly in light of increasing evidence that dogs with known bacterial and protozoal infections can have high ana titers. retrospectively, medical records were reviewed for all dogs that were concurrently tested for antinuclear antigens and bartonella vinsonii (berkhoffii), ehrlichia canis, ...	2004	14765731
a serosurvey of hepatozoon canis and ehrlichia canis antibodies in wild red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from israel.	a seroepidemiological survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of antibodies reactive with ehrlichia canis and hepatozoon canis antigens in free-ranging red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in israel. of 84 fox sera assayed, 36% were seropositive for e. canis by the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test and 24% were positive for h. canis using an enzyme-linked immunosrbent assay (elisa). canine ehrlichiosis and hepatozoonosis appear to be endemic in the wild red fox populations in israel, and ...	2004	15036573
experimental acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis: clinicopathological and immunopathological findings.	clinical signs, humoral and cellular immune responses, and microscopic and gross tissue alterations resulting from acute experimental ehrlichia canis infection in dogs were studied. four dogs were inoculated with e. canis and four were used as uninfected controls. after a 10-14-day incubation period, infected dogs developed pyrexia up to 41 degrees c for 6-8 days. antibody titers to e. canis antigen were demonstrable in all inoculated dogs at 30 days post-infection. necropsy of infected animals ...	2004	15036578
the relationship between the degree of thrombocytopenia and infection with ehrlichia canis in an endemic area.	ehrlichia canis is the causative agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. in order to evaluate platelet counts as a screening test for e. canis in an endemic area, 217 whole blood samples from dogs were divided into three groups: 71 non-thrombocytopenic samples (group a, platelet counts greater than 200 000/ml) and 146 thrombocytopenic samples (less than 200 000/ml). the thrombocytopenic group was further divided into 62 with platelet counts between 100 000-200 000/ml (group b) and 84 samples wit ...	2004	15099511
chronic canine ehrlichiosis (ehrlichia canis): a retrospective study of 19 natural cases.	nineteen dogs from greece with chronic ehrlichiosis were studied. the dogs exhibited bicytopenia or pancytopenia, bone marrow hypoplasia, seroreactivity to ehrlichia canis (e. canis) antigens, and had no history of drug or radiation exposure. anorexia, depression, severe bleeding tendencies, hypoalbuminemia, and increased serum alanine aminotransferase activity were also hallmarks of the disease. all these animals eventually died, irrespective of the treatment applied. some dogs were also serolo ...	2004	15131097
infection and blood transfusion: a guide to donor screening.	in recent years, blood-component therapy has become more accessible in veterinary practice. as with human medicine, care must be taken to minimize the risk of disease transmission from donor to recipient. determining the appropriate diseases to screen for is complicated by regional variations in disease incidence, the existence of chronic carrier states for some diseases, the difficulty in screening-test selection, and testing cost. the feline diseases considered include retroviral infections, f ...	2004	15179926
[coxiella burnetii: what is the reality?].	after the second world war, in italy q fever or coxiellosis has been shown a significant relevance, a recrudescence with an epidemic state for over ten years. later, the infectious disease occurred as endemic since the 80s, the outbreaks were just isolated. workflows analysis of some authors has demonstrated the spread out of the infection throughout italian herds with a prevalence ranging from 1.2 per cent to 10 per cent. our survey carried out throughout campania area in cattle has shown a rea ...	2004	15305702
seroepidemiological study of canine ehrlichial infections in yamaguchi prefecture and surrounding areas of japan.	randomly selected serum samples from 150 dogs from yamaguchi and neighbouring prefectures were subjected to the indirect immunofluorescent assay to detect antibodies against ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia muris and ehrlichia from ixodes ovatus. a total of 30 out of the 150 serum samples reacted with at least one of the antigens at a titer of 1:20 or more. considerable cross-reactivity was seen and most samples reacted with at least two different antigens. fifteen (10.0%) dogs ...	2004	15350665
bartonella henselae igg antibodies are prevalent in dogs from southeastern usa.	in contrast to the large body of literature regarding bartonella henselae in humans and cats, there is little information about b. henselae as an infectious agent in dogs. due to the paucity of information regarding the b. henselae serology in dogs, we performed a cross-sectional serosurvey using b. henselae antigen in order to compare the seroprevalence between sick and healthy dogs from the south-eastern usa. ninety-nine sera were collected from clinically healthy dogs. three hundred and one s ...	2004	15369661
the pcs20 pcr assay for ehrlichia ruminantium does not cross-react with the novel deer ehrlichial agent found in white-tailed deer in the united states of america.	white-tailed deer are susceptible to heartwater (ehrlichia [cowdria] ruminantium infection) and are likely to suffer high mortality if the disease spreads to the united states. it is vital, therefore, to validate a highly specific and sensitive detection method for e. ruminantium infection that can be reliably used in testing white-tailed deer, which are reservoirs of antigenically or genetically related agents such as ehrlichia chaffeensis, anaplasma (ehrlichia) phagocytophilum (hge agent) and ...	2004	15373331
comparison of results for serologic testing and a polymerase chain reaction assay to determine the prevalence of stray dogs in eastern tennessee seropositive to ehrlichia canis.	to determine the prevalence of stray dogs in eastern tennessee seropositive to ehrlichia canis and examine the correlation between results for an elisa, indirect immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) test, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay.	2004	15478765
first isolation and molecular characterization of ehrlichia canis in spain.	this paper reports the first isolation and culture of ehrlichia canis in spain from a naturally infected dog using the dh82 cell line. after dna extraction and pcr amplification, a nearly complete (1412bp) sequence of the 16s rrna gene of the new e. canis strain was obtained. the genbank accession number for the nucleotide sequence of this strain is ay394465. this sequence was aligned with the 16s rrna gene sequences of other ehrlichia strains accessible in genbank. the 16s rrna gene sequence of ...	2004	15482892
comparison of simultaneous splenic sample pcr with blood sample pcr for diagnosis and treatment of experimental ehrlichia canis infection.	this report presents evidence that dogs recover from acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) after 16 days of doxycycline treatment (10 mg/kg of body weight every 24 h). blood pcr was as valuable as splenic aspirate pcr for early diagnosis of acute cme. splenic aspirate pcr was, however, superior to blood pcr for the evaluation of ehrlichial elimination.	2004	15504892
free light-chain proteinuria and normal renal histopathology and function in 11 dogs exposed to lleishmania infantum, ehrlichia canis, and bbabesia canis.	the purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the relationship among proteinuria consisting of immunoglobulin free light chains (flcs), renal histopathologic findings, and routine markers of renal function in 11 dogs exposed to leishmania infantum (n = 8), ehrlichia canis (n = 2), and babesia canis (n = 1). flc proteinuria was suspected based on identification of a 22- to 27-kda band by sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis (sds-age) and later confirmed by immunofixatio ...	2004	15515575
acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia--four cases and a literature review.	acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenla was diagnosed in four dogs. initial platelet counts in all four dogs were less than 50,000 x 10(9)/litre and initial bone marrow examinations revealed megakaryocytic hypoplasia with minimal changes in the erythroid and myeloid cell lines. two dogs had evidence of idiopathic immune-mediated disease and two dogs had evidence of associated infectious disease. one dog had a positive antibody titre to borrella burgdorferi, and one dog had positive titres to b ...	2004	15515801
evaluation of antibiotic susceptibilities of ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia chaffeensis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum by real-time pcr.	we determined mics of antibiotics against anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia chaffeensis, and ehrlichia canis by real-time quantitative pcr. the doubling times of the organisms were established: 19 h for e. chaffeensis, 26 h for a. phagocytophilum, and 28 h for e. canis. in comparison to the reference method for determining sensitivities, which uses diff-quick staining, our pcr assay was very sensitive and specific. we confirmed that doxycycline and rifampin are highly active against these bac ...	2004	15561862
mixed ehrlichia canis, hepatozoon canis, and presumptive anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a dog.	a 5-month-old, female, mongrel dog was admitted to the clinic of companion animal medicine, aristotle university of thessaloniki, greece, with depression, anorexia, fever, peripheral lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, oculonasal discharge, nonregenerative anemia, and mild thrombocytopenia. cytology of giemsa-stained buffy coat, bone marrow, and lymph node aspiration smears revealed numerous morulae in mononuclear leukocytes and in neutrophils, and hepatozoon canis gamonts in neutrophils. the dog was ...	2004	15570564
assessment of feline ehrlichiosis in central spain using serology and a polymerase chain reaction technique.	antibodies to ehrlichia spp. and inclusion bodies compatible with ehrlichia spp. in feline blood cells have been previously detected in spain. the aim of this study was to assess the presence of antibodies to e. canis, n. risticii, and a. phagocytophilum in 122 feline serum samples from madrid (central spain). in addition, ehrlichia genus-specific, one-tube, nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed from blood samples from these cats. of the cats, 10.6% were seropositive for e. canis, ...	2004	15604476
an immunoreactive 38-kilodalton protein of ehrlichia canis shares structural homology and iron-binding capacity with the ferric ion-binding protein family.	ehrlichiae are tick-transmitted, gram-negative, obligately intracellular bacteria that live and replicate in cytoplasmic vacuoles, but little is known about iron acquisition mechanisms necessary for their survival. in this study, a genus-conserved immunoreactive ferric ion-binding protein (fbp) of ehrlichia canis was identified and its iron-binding capability was investigated. e. canis fbp was homologous to a family of periplasmic fbp's involved in iron acquisition and transport in gram-negative ...	2005	15618141
ehrlichia canis in dogs in yucatan, mexico: seroprevalence, prevalence of infection and associated factors.	the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of infection, seroprevalence, and factors associated with antibody response to ehrlichia canis in dogs of yucatan, mexico. the study was carried out in four veterinary clinics located in merida, the capital city of yucatan, mexico. blood samples were obtained from a total of 120 dogs, and each animal was physically examined to determine age and sex, as well as to record any clinical signs of platelet-related bleeding. blood samples were analy ...	2005	15619376
[ehrlichia and babesia infections in dogs in the netherlands].	a retrospective study was performed at the department of clinical sciences of companion animals at utrecht university amongst 75 dogs diagnosed with a babesia canis and/or an ehrlichia canis infection. the majority of the dogs had visited an endemic area (most often the mediterranean area or the dutch antilles), but two dogs became infected with babesia in the netherlands. babesia infections were associated with a stay in an endemic area and an incubation period that are both significantly short ...	2004	15622893
antibodies reactive with bartonella henselae and ehrlichia canis in dogs from the communal lands of zimbabwe.	the prevalences of antibodies against bartonella henselae and ehrlichia canis were determined in sera from 228 dogs in 5 communal lands of zimbabwe, areas where traditional subsistence agro-pastoralism is practised. the sera were collected from apparently healthy dogs during routine rabies vaccination programmes and tested with indirect fluorescent antibody assays using b. henselae (houston-i) and e. canis (oklahoma) as antigens. we found reactive antibodies (> or =1:80) against b. henselae in 1 ...	2004	15628802
genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum infecting dogs in western washington state.	eight dogs from western washington state suspected of being infected with anaplasma phagocytophilum because of the finding of morulae in peripheral blood neutrophils were studied for determination of the etiologic agent of disease. all cases were diagnosed between april 2003 and april 2004. six of the eight dogs had no travel history during the 6 months prior to presentation. two dogs had traveled within the northwest united states and canada. fever, lethargy, and anorexia were the most common c ...	2005	15695682
diffuse cutaneous candidiasis in a dog. diagnosis by pcr-rea.	the authors describe a clinical case of cutaneous candidiasis in a dog with dermatological lesions, characterized by persistent alopecia, crusts, ulcers and scales. predisposing factors such as the use of corticosteroids, the concomitan presence of an autoimmune disease (pemphigus foliaceus) and an infection of ehrlichiosis caused by ehrlichia canis were observed. histopathological findings included signs of orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, moderate follicular keratosis and light epidermic acantho ...	2004	15709788
prevalence of ehrlichia canis infection in thrombocytopenic dogs from rio de janeiro, brazil.	infection with ehrlichia canis causes a highly variable, multisystemic disease in dogs. nevertheless, many clinicians in rio de janeiro, brazil, use the presence of only thrombocytopenia to make a presumptive diagnosis of e canis infection.	2005	15732017
molecular and serologic evidence of tick-borne ehrlichiae in three species of lemurs from st. catherines island, georgia, usa.	in recent years, several species of ehrlichiae have been recognized as tick-borne disease agents of veterinary and medical importance. clinically normal free-ranging or previously free-ranging lemurs, including 46 ring-tailed lemurs (lemur catta), six blue-eyed black lemurs (eulemur macaco flavifrons), and four black and white ruffed lemurs (varecia variegata variegata) from st. catherines island, georgia, were tested for evidence of exposure to tick-borne ehrlichiae. all 52 adult lemurs were se ...	2004	15732591
anti-hepatozoon canis serum antibodies and gamonts in naturally-occurring canine monocytic ehrlichiosis.	the prevalence of igg antibodies to hepatozoon canis and the presence of gamonts in the blood and hemolymphatic tissues were studied in dogs with canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) caused by ehrlichia canis. both pathogens are transmitted by the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus. forty-five out of 69 (65.2%) dogs with cme were seropositive to h. canis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). intra-neutrophilic gamonts of h. canis were found in 2 out of 69 dogs (2.9%) comprising 4.5% of the ...	2005	15845277
validation of chemoprevention of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis with doxycycline.	epidemiological (cohort follow-up) and laboratory techniques studies were done to validate a programme of chemoprevention of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) with this molecule. 614 dogs returning to france after having spent at least 4 months in a cme-endemic area (africa, guyana, middle-east, etc.) were the object of systematic serological testing by indirect immunofluorescence (ifa). the dogs were given 100 mg of doxycycline per os daily for chemoprevention of cme. in addition, hplc (high ...	2005	15863288
transstadial and intrastadial experimental transmission of ehrlichia canis by male rhipicephalus sanguineus.	the acquisition and transmission of rickettsial pathogens by different tick developmental stages has important epidemiological implications. the purpose of this study was to determine if male rhipicephalus sanguineus can experimentally acquire and transmit ehrlichia canis in the absence of female ticks. two trials were performed where nymphal and male r. sanguineus were simultaneously acquisition fed on the same infected donor hosts, and transstadially or intrastadially exposed male ticks were f ...	2005	15941624
molecular detection and characterization of ehrlichia canis from dogs in turkey.	seroprevalence of ehrlichia canis antibodies among dogs in turkey were previously reported, however, the ehrlichial organism has never been characterized in this region. the current study examined dogs from ankara with febrile illness for e. canis infection with e. canis-specific pcr. three of the 12 blood specimens from dogs showing clinical signs compatible with canine ehrlichiosis were found to be positive by pcr using e. canis-specific primers. e. canis detected in one of the blood specimens ...	2005	16048040
serological evidence of ehrlichia spp. exposure in cats from northeastern spain.	there is little information about ehrlichia canis as an infectious agent in cats. in order to estimate the prevalence of antibodies to e. canis in the feline population, 235 cat sera were analysed by indirect fluorescent-antibody test. with the objective to determine some risk factors associated with seropositivity, serum samples were divided into two groups: urban stray cats and pet cats. the seroprevalence detected was 17.9%. most positive sera (83.3%) showed low antibody titres (<1:80). serop ...	2005	16115100
evaluation of neutrophil oxidative metabolism in canine monocytic ehrlichiosis.	canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) is a tick-borne disease caused by ehrlichia canis, a rickettsia that infects the monocytes of dogs. this infection can result in a chronic and life-threatening disease. thrombocytopenia, mild anemia, and leukopenia are the most common hematologic findings in cme.	2005	16134067
a preliminary study to evaluate the immune responses induced by immunization of dogs with inactivated ehrlichia canis organisms.	ehrlichia canis is an intracellular pathogen that causes canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. although the role of antibody responses cannot be discounted, control of this intracellular pathogen is expected to be by cell mediated immune responses. the immune responses in dogs immunized with inactivated e. canis organisms in combination with quil a were evaluated. immunization provoked strong humoral and cellular immune responses, which were demonstrable by western blotting and lymphocyte proliferation ...	2005	16137129
experimental ehrlichia canis infection in the dog does not cause immunosuppression.	a carrier state develops in some ehrlichia canis-infected dogs due to ineffective host defenses. the subsequent development of immune-mediated diseases or opportunistic infections in chronic ehrlichiosis suggests dysregulation of immunity; however, the immunobiology of this infection has not been well characterized. in this study, eight dogs were infected with e. canis, and changes in seroreactivity, serum immunoglobulin (ig) concentrations, peripheral blood t cell subsets, lymphocyte blastogene ...	2006	16169601
ehrlichial infection in cameroonian canines by ehrlichia canis and ehrlichia ewingii.	ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii are agents of emerging human ehrlichioses in north america and are transmitted primarily by amblyomma americanum ticks, while ehrlichia canis is the globally distributed cause of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) and is transmitted by the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. although e. canis and ehrlichia ruminantium are endemic in africa, the presence of ehrlichial agents in dogs and ticks in cameroon has not been investigated. the objective o ...	2005	16181750
suppurative, nonseptic polyarthropathy in dogs.	the goals of this study were to determine the historical, physical examination, and clinicopathologic findings in dogs with suppurative, nonseptic polyarthropathy and to identify concurrent disorders associated with this syndrome. medical records of 52 dogs with cytologic evidence of suppurative inflammation in two or more joints were examined retrospectively. age of dogs was 4.8 years (median, range: 0.5-12 years). there was no clear breed or sex predilection, but most were large-breed dogs (bo ...	2005	16231709
detection of medically important ehrlichia by quantitative multicolor taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction of the dsb gene.	ehrlichia species are the etiological agents of emerging and life-threatening tick-borne human zoonoses, in addition to causing serious and fatal infections in companion animals and livestock. we developed the first tricolor taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction assay capable of simultaneously detecting and discriminating medically important ehrlichiae in a single reaction. analytical sensitivity of 50 copies per reaction was attained with templates from ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia ewi ...	2005	16237220
feline leishmaniasis and ehrlichiosis: serological investigation in abruzzo region.		2005	16244984
experimental inoculation of beagle dogs with ehrlichia species detected from ixodes ovatus.	three beagle dogs were inoculated with mice spleen/liver homogenate infected with ehrlichia species detected from ixodes ovatus (eio) and one dog was used as a control. all three infected dogs did not show clinical signs of disease except for mild pyrexia throughout the 41-day study period. splenomegaly was observed from day 7 post-inoculation (p.i.) in two of the dogs. hematological and biochemical abnormalities included mild thrombocytopenia, hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia and increased c- ...	2006	16309840
ocular signs of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis: a retrospective study in dogs from barcelona, spain.	canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) is a tick-borne disease caused by the rickettsia ehrlichia canis. ocular lesions are a common feature of the disease and can be present in all stages. the purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence, type and response to treatment of ocular lesions associated with monocytic ehrlichiosis in 46 affected dogs presented to the autonomous university of barcelona-veterinary teaching hospital (uab-vth) from january 2000 to december 2002. dogs ...	2005	16359361
differentially expressed and secreted major immunoreactive protein orthologs of ehrlichia canis and e. chaffeensis elicit early antibody responses to epitopes on glycosylated tandem repeats.	ehrlichia canis major immunoreactive proteins of 36 and 19 kda elicit the earliest detectable antibody responses during the acute phase of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. genes encoding the major immunoreactive 36-kda protein of e. canis and the corresponding ortholog of e. chaffeensis (47 kda) were identified and the proteins characterized. the molecular masses of the strongly immunoreactive recombinant proteins were larger than predicted (26.7 and 32.9 kda, respectively) but were consistent wit ...	2006	16369028
new diseases and increased risk of diseases in companion animals and horses due to transport.	dogs and horses are transported within the european union for a number of reasons. the transport per se may cause physical problems, exemplified by hyperthermia in dogs and pleuropneumonia in horses, and the stress may reactivate latent infections such as canine herpesvirus-1 and equine herpesvirus-1. preventive treatments are vital to protect dogs from ticks and mosquitoes transmitting their potentially lethal infectious agents, such as leishmania donovani infantum, babesia canis, ehrlichia can ...	2003	16429803
comparison of an indirect immunofluorescence assay, western blot analysis, and a commercially available elisa for detection of ehrlichia canis antibodies in canine sera.	to examine the correlation between results for an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) that uses ehrlichia canis antigen as a substrate (ie, e canis-ifa), 2 western blot (wb) analyses, and a commercially available elisa in the detection of e canis antibody in dog sera.	2006	16454622
a serological study of exposure to arthropod-borne pathogens in dogs from northeastern spain.	there is limited information regarding the prevalence of many vector borne pathogens in europe and especially in spanish dogs. we investigated 206 sick and 260 clinically healthy dogs from three different regions in northeastern spain for antibodies to rickettsia conorii (rc), ehrlichia canis (ec), anaplasma phagocytophilum (ap), bartonella henselae (bh), bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (bvb), leishmania infantum (li) and borrelia burgdorferi (bb) and for antigen of dirofilaria immitis (di ...	2006	16472522
cytokine responses in dogs infected with ehrlichia canis oklahoma strain.	ehrlichia canis causes persistent infection of monocytes/macrophages and causes canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. other than antibody development, very little is known how the dog immune system responds to this pathogen. in the present study, we examined the temporal expression of cytokine mrna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from dogs inoculated with e. canis oklahoma strain. we also examined production of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) by canine pbmcs infected with e. canis in vitro.	2005	16481554
molecular characterization of e. canis gp36 and e. chaffeensis gp47 tandem repeats among isolates from different geographic locations.		2005	16481555
platelet aggregation studies in acute experimental canine ehrlichiosis.	thrombocytopenia is the most common and consistent hematologic finding in patients with canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. dogs that recover from the severe thrombocytopenia still show bleeding tendencies, which suggest that platelet dysfunction is present.	2006	16511794
epizootiology of tropical canine pancytopenia.	tropical canine pancytopenia (tcp) is a newly recognized infectious disease of dogs in diverse tropical and subtropical areas. the disease is characterized by hemorrhage, pancytopenia, severe emaciation and persistent infection. dogs with tcp are often presented with epistaxis, which is the most dramatic sign of the disease; however, a large number of affected dogs develop severe pancytopenia and die without manifesting clinical signs of hemorrhage. the disease has been reported most frequently ...	1970	16512116
direct identification of ehrlichia canis by a novel polymerase chain reaction method and molecular analysis of the citrate synthase (glta) gene from various italian strains.	fourteen blood samples collected from dogs that were seropositive for ehrlichia canis were examined for the presence of the citrate synthase gene using a highly specific and sensitive novel polymerase chain reaction assay. the assay detected e. canis dna in 3 dogs. the complete nucleotide sequence of the citrate synthase gene was determined in 2 of the test-positive samples, and represents the first sequence of the gene to be derived from italian isolates. the sequence data displayed high identi ...	2006	16617707
detection of ehrlichia chaffeensis in brazilian marsh deer (blastocerus dichotomus).	ehrlichia chaffeensis was detected for the first time in blood samples from brazilian marsh deers (blastocerus dichotomus) captured in the marshes of parana river in southeast brazil in 1998. seven edta-blood samples from deers were analyzed by pcr and nested pcr for presence of ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia ewingii, ehrlichia canis, neoriickettsia risticii, anaplasma phagocytophilum and anaplasma marginale. three samples showed positive reactions for e. chaffeensis and anaplasma marginale. n ...	2006	16621285
seroprevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum among healthy dogs and horses in israel.	the presence of reacting antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophilum has previously been demonstrated in israel, both in humans and the golden jackal (canis aureus syriacus). this study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of a. phagocytophilum antibodies in two additional potential hosts, domestic dogs and horses in order to investigate the possibility of exposure to the organism in israel. of 195 dogs tested, 9% were seroreactive with a. phagocytophilum antigen and 30% were seroreactive ...	2006	16626404
[evaluation of ectoparasites and hemoparasites in dogs kept in apartments and houses with yards in the city of juiz de fora, minas gerais, brazil].	fleas and ticks transmit various pathogens while feeding on the blood of dogs. this study sought to verify the occurrence of ectoparasitism and hemoparasitism in dogs from two urban areas in the city of juiz de fora, minas gerais, brazil. between february and august 2003, 101 dogs were studied: 50 came from apartments in the downtown region and 51 from houses with grassy yards. the ectoparasites were collected and conserved in etanol 70%. the occurrence of hemoparasites was verified by examining ...	2006	16646996
seroepidemiology of canine babesiosis and ehrlichiosis in a hospital population.	canine ehrlichiosis and babesiosis have a worldwide distribution with geographic variation in prevalence and main clinical manifestations. we prospectively determined seroprevalence of canine babesiosis and ehrlichiosis, and risk factors for seropositivity. three hundred and eighty-one dogs were randomly selected to represent the canine population at a veterinary teaching hospital in south brazil (latitude 23 degrees s). dogs were tested with a point-of-care elisa for ehrlichia canis antibodies ...	2006	16647817
the genome of the obligately intracellular bacterium ehrlichia canis reveals themes of complex membrane structure and immune evasion strategies.	ehrlichia canis, a small obligately intracellular, tick-transmitted, gram-negative, alpha-proteobacterium, is the primary etiologic agent of globally distributed canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. complete genome sequencing revealed that the e. canis genome consists of a single circular chromosome of 1,315,030 bp predicted to encode 925 proteins, 40 stable rna species, 17 putative pseudogenes, and a substantial proportion of noncoding sequence (27%). interesting genome features include a large set o ...	2006	16707693
differential expression and sequence conservation of the anaplasma marginale msp2 gene superfamily outer membrane proteins.	bacterial pathogens in the genera anaplasma and ehrlichia encode a protein superfamily, pfam01617, which includes the predominant outer membrane proteins (omps) of each species, major surface protein 2 (msp2) and msp3 of anaplasma marginale and anaplasma ovis, anaplasma phagocytophilum msp2 (p44), ehrlichia chaffeensis p28-omp, ehrlichia canis p30, and ehrlichia ruminantium map1, and has been shown to be involved in both antigenic variation within the mammalian host and differential expression b ...	2006	16714578
first evidence of feline herpesvirus, calicivirus, parvovirus, and ehrlichia exposure in brazilian free-ranging felids.	serum samples from 18 pumas (puma concolor), one ocelot (leopardus pardalis), and two little spotted cats (leopardus tigrinus) collected from free-ranging animals in brazil between 1998 and 2004 were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) for antibodies to feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv 1), calicivirus (fcv), coronavirus (fcov), parvo-virus (fpv), ehrlichia canis, anaplasma pha-gocytophilum, and bartonella henselae. serum samples also were tested, by western blot and elisa, for feline leukemia v ...	2006	16870878
tick-transmitted diseases in dogs: clinicopathological findings.	in this article we describe the main clinicopathological findings of some tick-transmitted diseases observed in italy, due to ehrlichia canis and babesia canis, and most rarely anaplasma phagocytophilum and anaplasma platys. canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) is a multisystemic disorder that is characterized by various clinical signs. acutely-infected dogs show various clinical and haematological abnormalities including fever, lymphadenopathy, anorexia, lethargy, depression and thrombocytopenia ...	2006	16881415
dog tick-borne diseases in sicily.	in sicily many tick borne diseases are endemic, in particular way those that see like main carrier ticks that prefer, for their vital cycle, climatic conditions characterized by high temperatures and a warmth-humid atmosphere. the more important pathologies transmitted by ticks causing diseases in dogs are babesiosis and ehrlichiosis. borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, rickettsia conorii, coxiella burnetii and tick transmitted encephalitis virus assume particular relevance because ...	2006	16881419
serological and molecular evidence of exposure to arthropod-borne organisms in cats from northeastern spain.	one hundred sixty-eight cat sera from spain were tested for igg antibodies to rickettsia conorii (rc), ehrlichia canis (ec), anaplasma phagocytophilum (ap) and bartonella henselae (bh) antigens using ifa and for felv antigen and fiv antibody by elisa. for 47 whole blood samples, pcr testing was performed for rickettsia, ehrlichia and bartonella. seroprevalences were: bh (71.4%), rc (44%), ec (11.3%), felv (8.5%), fiv (7.4%) and ap (1.8%). bh antibodies were associated with seroreactivity to both ...	2006	16919405
unique macrophage and tick cell-specific protein expression from the p28/p30-outer membrane protein multigene locus in ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia canis.	ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia canis are tick-transmitted rickettsial pathogens that cause human and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis respectively. we tested the hypothesis that these pathogens express unique proteins in response to their growth in vertebrate and tick host cells and that this differential expression is similar in closely related ehrlichia species. evaluation of nine e. chaffeensis isolates and one e. canis isolate demonstrated that protein expression was host cell-dependent. t ...	2006	16922866
failure of imidocarb dipropionate to clear experimentally induced ehrlichia canis infection in dogs.	the recommended treatment for canine ehrlichiosis is tetracycline or its analog doxycycline, although recent reports have documented ineffective clearing of erchlichia canis after doxycycline administration. imidocarb dipropionate is used as an alternative treatment to tetracycline or is used in conjunction with doxycycline. the effectiveness of imidocarb dipropionate in clearing ehrlichia species from the blood and tissues of dogs with e. canis infection has not been thoroughly evaluated. fifte ...	2006	16955806
tick-borne rickettsial pathogens in ticks and small mammals in korea.	in order to investigate the prevalence of tick-borne infectious agents among ticks, ticks comprising five species from two genera (hemaphysalis spp. and ixodes spp.) were screened using molecular techniques. ticks (3,135) were collected from small wild-caught mammals or by dragging/flagging in the republic of korea (rok) and were pooled into a total of 1,638 samples (1 to 27 ticks per pool). from the 1,638 tick samples, species-specific fragments of anaplasma phagocytophilum (1 sample), anaplasm ...	2006	16957192
a preliminary investigation of ehrlichia species in ticks, humans, dogs, and capybaras from brazil.	a molecular epidemiologic investigation in two brazilian states (rondônia and são paulo) was undertaken to determine if ehrlichia species responsible for human and animal ehrlichioses in north america could be found in brazilian vectors, potential natural mammalian reservoirs and febrile human patients with a tick bite history. samples, including 376 ticks comprising 9 amblyomma species, 29 capybara (hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) spleens, 5 canine blood, and 75 human blood samples from febrile pati ...	2007	16962245