Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| anaplasma marginale. i. studies with phase contrast and electron microscopy. | 1959 | 13820793 | |
| filtration of the infective agent of bovine anaplasmosis. | 1962 | 13860508 | |
| biologic properties and characteristics of anaplasma marginale. i. effects of temperature on infectivity of whole blood preparations. | 1962 | 13866454 | |
| studies of bovine erythrocytes in anaplasmosis. ii. role of chemical and physical changes in erythrocytes in the mechanism of anemia in splenectomized calves. | 1962 | 13886454 | |
| some observations on anaplasmosis. | 1963 | 13932507 | |
| field trial with the complement-fixation test for anaplasmosis in a herd free of clinical evidence of infection. | 1962 | 13935053 | |
| anaplasmosis complement-fixation antigen production. | 1963 | 13959275 | |
| biologic properties and characteristics of anaplasma marginale. ii. the effects of sonic energy on the infectivity of whole blood preparations. | 1963 | 13970197 | |
| anaplasmosis. vi. studies and a hypothesis concerning the cycle of development of the causative agent. | 1963 | 13974061 | |
| anaplasmosis. viii. biochemical and biophysical characterization of soluble anaplasma antigens. | 1963 | 13974062 | |
| anaplasmosis. ix. immunoserologic properties of soluble anaplasma antigens. | 1963 | 13974063 | |
| specificity of allergic reaction. v. observations on the systemic delayed reaction in guinea pigs sensitized to purified protein-conjugates. | 1962 | 13991233 | |
| studies of bovine erythrocytes in anaplasmosis. iii. partition of erythrocytic phospholipids. | 1963 | 13992407 | |
| properties of anaplasma marginale antigen used in a capillary tube-agglutination test. | 1962 | 14006080 | |
| bovine anaplasmosis in the coast range area of california. | 1962 | 14021096 | |
| anaplasmosis. x. morphologic characteristics of the parasites present in the blood of calves infected with the oregon strain of anaplasma marginale. | 1963 | 14035668 | |
| anaplasmosis. xi. immunoserologic characteristics of the parasites present in the blood of calves infected with the oregon strain of anaplasma marginale. | 1963 | 14035669 | |
| anaplasmosis. xii. the growth and survival in deer and sheep of the parasites present in the blood of calves infected with the oregon strain of anaplasma marginale. | 1963 | 14035670 | |
| anaplasmosis. vii. experimental anaplasma ovis infection in white-tailed deer (dama virginiana). | 1963 | 14035794 | |
| the transport and excretion of bile pigments in anaplasmosis. | 1962 | 14036685 | |
| studies of bovine erythrocytes in anaplasmosis. iv. effects of sonic vibration on anaplasma complement-fixing antigen. | 1963 | 14051808 | |
| comparisons of complement-fixation and capillary tube-agglutination tests for detection of bovine anaplasmosis. | 1963 | 14067849 | |
| anaplasmosis. xv. morphologic and chemical properties of the antigen used in the capillary tube-agglutination test. | 1963 | 14080530 | |
| serum sialic acid levels in experimental anaplasmosis. | 1963 | 14101214 | |
| anaplasmosis. xvi. the pathogenesis of anemia produced by infection with anaplasma. | 1964 | 14125898 | |
| control of anaplasmosis under wyoming conditions. | 1964 | 14176267 | |
| relationship of ovine to bovine anaplasmosis. | 1964 | 14193064 | |
| immunology and serology of anaplasma marginale. i. fractionation of the complement-fixing antigen. | rogers, thomas e. (louisiana state university, baton rouge), richard j. hidalgo, and george t. dimopoullos. immunology and serology of anaplasma marginale. i. fractionation of the complement-fixing antigen. j. bacteriol. 88:81-86. 1964.-studies were conducted to fractionate and purify the complement-fixation (cf) antigen of anaplasma marginale in infected erythrocytes of cattle. initial attempts were made to resolve the antigen from crude stromatal preparations by various chemical and physical m ... | 1964 | 14197909 |
| complement-fixation and capillary-agglutination tests in an anaplasmosis-infected herd of cattle. | 1964 | 14199252 | |
| anaplasma marginale theiler observed in the gut and excreta of dermacentor andersoni stiles (dermacentor venustus marx). | 1964 | 14204828 | |
| an exo-antigen of anaplasma marginale in serum and erythrocytes of cattle with acute anaplasmosis. | 1964 | 14227163 | |
| gamma irradiation of anaplasma marginale. | 1964 | 14227186 | |
| serologic stability and specificity of agglutinating anaplasma marginale antigen. | 1964 | 14266846 | |
| anaplasmosis in big game animals: experimental infection and evaluation of serologic tests. | 1964 | 14266880 | |
| a rapid complement fixation screening procedure for anaplasmosis testing. | 1964 | 14266894 | |
| [studies on theileriasis and other blood infections in cattle in syria]. | 1965 | 14270506 | |
| anaplasmosis in wyoming. | 1965 | 14296167 | |
| autoantibody studies in bovine anaplasmosis. | 1965 | 14299414 | |
| attempts to transmit bovine anaplasmosis to small laboratory animals. | 1965 | 14299518 | |
| anaplasmosis. 18. an analysis of autoantigens in infected and normal bovine erythrocytes. | 1965 | 14316784 | |
| catalase activity in anaplasma marginale. | wallace, w. r. (louisiana state university, baton rouge), and g. t. dimopoullos. catalase activity in anaplasma marginale. j. bacteriol. 91:309-311. 1965.-extracts of erythrocytes infected with anaplasma marginale were found to contain more catalase activity than normal erythrocytic preparations. the increase in catalase activity appeared concurrently with increases in the number of erythrocytes containing anaplasma bodies. antisera against normal bovine erythrocytes and anaplasma-infected eryth ... | 1965 | 14329440 |
| chlortetracycline for elimination of anaplasmosis in carrier cattle. | 1965 | 14341040 | |
| detection of an amplasma marginale antibody complex formed in vivo. | a naturally occurring anaplasma-antibody complex was detected by exposing erythrocytes of infected cattle to fluorescein-labeled bovine antiglobulin. this technique revealed not only the classical marginal bodies but also the initial anaplasma bodies in the erythrocytes of acutely infected animals. singly occurring initial bodies were observed in the erythrocytes of healthy carriers. | 1960 | 14437587 |
| structural characterization of anaplasma marginale in acute and carrier infections. | 1960 | 14437588 | |
| [anaplasmosis]. | 1959 | 14442798 | |
| transmission of anaplasmosis to cattle by ticks obtained from deer. | 1962 | 14482477 | |
| a study of the effect of three drugs on the multiplication of anaplasma-infected bovine erythrocytes. | 1962 | 14484757 | |
| studies in anaplasmosis. v. occurrence of anaplasma marginale in bovine blood platelets. | 1962 | 14492485 | |
| a capillary tube-agglutination test for anaplasmosis--a preliminary report. | 1962 | 14492486 | |
| simplified specimen preparation for electron microscopic studies of an intra-erythrocytic parasite, anaplasma marginale. | 1962 | 14492493 | |
| the comparative susceptibility of calves and adult cattle to bovine anaplasmosis. | 1961 | 14492965 | |
| electrophoretic studies of bovine serum. v. complement-fixing antibodies in serum fractions in anaplasmosis. | 1962 | 14493363 | |
| mechanisms of variable p44 expression by anaplasma phagocytophilum. | the human intragranulocytic bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum promotes variation of p44s, which are surface-exposed proteins encoded by a p44 multigene family. in the present study, the specific p44 gene expression loci in four strains of a. phagocytophilum were identified and it was determined that each consisted of four tandem genes, tr1, omp-1x, omp-1n, and p44. a putative sigma(70)-type promoter was found upstream of tr1. the p44 genes include a central hypervariable region flanked by cons ... | 2003 | 14500485 |
| invasion and survival strategies of anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an aetiological agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, an emerging tick-borne zoonosis in the united states and europe. this obligate intracellular bacterium is unique in that it colonizes polymorphonuclear leucocytes (neutrophils). neutrophils are key players in innate immunity. these short-lived phagocytes ingest invading microorganisms and destroy them by various means, which include fusing the bacteria-containing phagosome with acidic lysosomes as well as dire ... | 2003 | 14531890 |
| obligatory intracellular parasitism by ehrlichia chaffeensis and anaplasma phagocytophilum involves caveolae and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. | obligatory intracellular, human ehrlichiosis agents ehrlichia chaffeensis and anaplasma phagocytophilum create unique replicative compartments devoid of lysosomal markers in monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes respectively. the entry of these bacteria requires host phospholipase c (plc)-gamma2 and protein tyrosine kinases, but their entry route is still unclear. here, using specific inhibitors, double immunofluorescence labelling and the fractionation of lipid rafts, we demonstrate that bacte ... | 2003 | 14531896 |
| predominance of ehrlichia ewingii in missouri dogs. | to investigate the species distribution of ehrlichia present in missouri dogs, we tested 78 dogs suspected of having acute ehrlichiosis and 10 healthy dogs. blood from each dog was screened with a broad-range 16s rrna gene pcr assay that detects known pathogenic species of ehrlichia and anaplasma: the species was determined by using species-specific pcr assays and nucleotide sequencing. ehrlichia antibody testing was performed by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay with ehrlichia chaffeen ... | 2003 | 14532192 |
| antigens and alternatives for control of anaplasma marginale infection in cattle. | anaplasmosis, a tick-borne cattle disease caused by the rickettsia anaplasma marginale, is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. the disease causes considerable economic loss to both the dairy and beef industries worldwide. analyses of 16s rrna, groesl, and surface proteins have resulted in the recent reclassification of the order rickettsiales. the genus anaplasma, of which a. marginale is the type species, now also includes a. bovis, a. platys, and a. phagocytophilum, which w ... | 2003 | 14557295 |
| coinfection in patients with lyme disease: how big a risk? | 2003 | 14557980 | |
| adaptations of the tick-borne pathogen, anaplasma marginale, for survival in cattle and ticks. | the tick-borne cattle pathogen anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) multiplies within membrane-bound inclusions in host cell cytoplasm. many geographic isolates of a. marginale occur that vary in genotype, antigenic composition, morphology and infectivity for ticks. a tick cell culture system for propagation of a. marginale proved to be a good model for study of tick-pathogen interactions. six major surface proteins (msps) identified on a. marginale from bovine erythrocytes were ... | 2002 | 14570114 |
| a review of studies on the transmission of anaplasma phagocytophilum from sheep: implications for the force of infection in endemic cycles. | we review the findings of a longitudinal study of transmission of the intracellular tick-borne bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum from sheep to ixodes ricinus ticks under natural conditions of tick attachment in the uk. in this study, sheep-to-tick transmission efficiency varied in a quadratic relationship with the number of adult ticks that were feeding on the sheep. we raise the hypothesis that this relationship may be due to conflicting effects of the density of ticks on bacterial survival a ... | 2002 | 14570131 |
| sodium valproate facilitates the propagation of granulocytic ehrlichiae (anaplasma phagocytophilum) in hl-60 cells. | as already shown, some inducers of the differentiation of promyelocytic cells along the granulocytic pathway, such as dimethylsulphoxide (dmso) or all-trans retinoic acid, can enhance propagation of granulocytic ehrlichiae in hl-60 cell cultures. this study was conducted to prove whether sodium valproate, a salt of di-n-propylacetic acid (vpa) known to trigger cellular differentiation in several solid and hematopoietic malignancies is similarly efficient in ehrlichial cultures. two cell lines de ... | 2002 | 14570132 |
| reduced weight gain due to subclinical anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly ehrlichia phagocytophila) infection. | tick-borne fever (tbf) is caused by the rickettsia anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly ehrlichia phagocytophila) and is a common disease in sheep in areas of norway infested by ixodes ricinus ticks. tbf can cause both direct and indirect losses to sheep kept on tick-infested pastures. in the present work we studied a sheep flock of 26 ewes and 50 lambs on pasture from may until september. no cases of tbf had earlier been observed on this pasture. blood samples from lambs with a reduced weekly we ... | 2002 | 14570133 |
| ticks and tick-borne diseases of livestock belonging to resource-poor farmers in the eastern free state of south africa. | the paper provides a summary of three studies conducted in the eastern free state of south africa between 1998 and 2000. in a questionnaire-based study approximately 21% of interviewed resource-poor farmers (n = 150) indicated that they experienced problems with ticks and tick-borne diseases. about 56% of farmers indicated that tick-related problems were most severe in summer, while 32% indicated that the most problems were encountered in winter. about 12% indicated that the tick problems were e ... | 2002 | 14570134 |
| simultaneous variation of the immunodominant outer membrane proteins, msp2 and msp3, during anaplasma marginale persistence in vivo. | vector-borne bacterial pathogens persist in the mammalian host by varying surface antigens to evade the existing immune response. to test whether the model of surface coat switching and immune evasion can be extended to a vector-borne bacterial pathogen with multiple immunodominant surface proteins, we examined anaplasma marginale, a rickettsia with two highly immunogenic outer membrane proteins, major surface protein 2 (msp2) and msp3. the simultaneous clearance of variants of the two most immu ... | 2003 | 14573687 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum major surface protein-2 (msp2) forms multimeric complexes in the bacterial membrane. | anaplasma phagocytophilum 44-kda major surface protein-2 (msp2) mediates partial neutrophil adhesion and interactions. since a. phagocytophilum 44-kda monoclonal antibodies also react with 160- and 100-kda bands, a putative adhesin complex was studied. after separate excision/immunoprecipitation of these three bands, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) resolved each into three bands again with increased 44-kda protein under reducing conditions suggesting oligomer ... | 2003 | 14592715 |
| high diversity of anka sequences of anaplasma phagocytophilum among ixodes ricinus ticks in germany. | in germany humans with acute granulocytic ehrlichiosis have not yet been described. here, we characterized three different genes of anaplasma phagocytophilum strains infecting german ixodes ricinus ticks in order to test whether they differ from strains in other european countries and the united states. a total of 1,022 i. ricinus ticks were investigated for infection with a. phagocytophilum by nested pcr and sequence analysis. forty-two (4.1%) ticks were infected. for all positive ticks, parts ... | 2003 | 14605135 |
| molecular characterization of aegyptianella pullorum (rickettsiales, anaplasmataceae). | we sequenced the 16s rrna and groel genes of aegyptianella pullorum, a small bacterium that infects and replicates only in avian red blood cells. a specific pcr test was developed to analyze a. pullorum dna. phylogenic analysis revealed a. pullorum is most closely related to anaplasma spp. | 2003 | 14605188 |
| isolation of bartonella washoensis from a dog with mitral valve endocarditis. | we report the first documented case of bartonella washoensis bacteremia in a dog with mitral valve endocarditis. b. washoensis was isolated in 1995 from a human patient with cardiac disease. the main reservoir species appears to be ground squirrels (spermophilus beecheyi) in the western united states. based on echocardiographic findings, a diagnosis of infective vegetative valvular mitral endocarditis was made in a spayed 12-year-old female doberman pinscher. a year prior to presentation, the re ... | 2003 | 14605197 |
| detection of antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis antigens in sera of korean patients by western immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence assays. | two hundred seventy one serum samples from south korean patients were tested to detect antibodies against anaplasma phagocytophilum (the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent) and ehrlichia chaffeensis (the human monocytic ehrlichiosis agent) by indirect fluorescent-antibody assay (ifa) and the western blot assay. these sera were collected from patients with symptoms of high fever. the rate of seropositivity for orientia tsutsugamushi was 50.9% by ifa at the public health & environmental researc ... | 2003 | 14607867 |
| cat or dog ownership and seroprevalence of ehrlichiosis, q fever, and cat-scratch disease. | 2003 | 14609477 | |
| first evidence of anaplasma platys in rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodida) collected from dogs in africa. | a total of 27 ticks, comprising rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) (n = 21), haemaphysalis leachi (andouin) (n = 4) and haemaphysalis paraleachi (camicas, hoogstraal & el kammah) (n = 2) were recovered from two clinically healthy female dogs in the democratic republic of the congo. dna of anaplasma platys was detected in a female r. sanguineus, using primers derived from the 16s rrna gene, which amplify members of the family anaplasmataceae . anaplasma platys dna was also detected in the blood ... | 2003 | 14621316 |
| divergent interactions of ehrlichia chaffeensis- and anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected leukocytes with endothelial cell barriers. | human anaplasmosis (formerly human granulocytic ehrlichiosis) and human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme) are emerging tick-borne infections caused by obligate intracellular bacteria in the family anaplasmataceae. clinical findings include fever, headache, myalgia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hepatic inflammatory injury. whereas ehrlichia chaffeensis (hme) often causes meningoencephalitis, this is rare with anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. the abilities of infected primary host monocytes an ... | 2003 | 14638757 |
| inability of a variant strain of anaplasma phagocytophilum to infect mice. | nymphal ixodes scapularis ticks were collected from several sites in rhode island. polymerase chain reaction and dna sequencing were used to determine the presence and prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum human agent (ap-ha) and a genetic variant not associated with human disease (ap-variant 1). the remaining ticks from each cohort were allowed to feed to repletion on either white-footed (peromyscus leucopus) or dba/2 (mus musculus) mice. the engorged ticks and murine blood samples were evalu ... | 2003 | 14639548 |
| assessment of a low virulence australian isolate of anaplasma marginale for pathogenicity, immunogenicity and transmissibility by boophilus microplus. | a 14-year-old cow (dawn) born and kept in a boophilus microplus-free region gave birth to a calf, which showed the presence of an anaplasma marginale infection after splenectomy. the calf's grand dam was from a b. microplus infected area and we assume the infection originated via the transplacental route over two generations. an isolate, prepared from the calf, had similar or lower pathogenicity as anaplasma centrale, and previously exposed steers were resistant to challenge by four a. marginale ... | 2003 | 14651881 |
| culture and phenotypic characterization of a wolbachia pipientis isolate. | the recent isolation of wolbachia pipientis in the continuous cell line aa23, established from eggs of a strain of the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus, allowed us to perform extensive characterization of the isolate. bacterial growth could be obtained in c6/36, another a. albopictus cell line, at 28 degrees c and in a human embryonic lung fibroblast monolayer at 28 and 37 degrees c, confirming that its host cell range is broader than was initially thought. the bacteria were best visualized ... | 2003 | 14662922 |
| molecular detection of anaplasma platys in dogs using polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot hybridization. | several polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) and a reverse line blot hybridization (rlb) method were used to identify anaplasma platys in dogs held in a kennel in italy. whereas pcr techniques confirmed the presence of a. platys, the rlb method not only correlated the results obtained by pcr but also ruled out the presence of other species such as ehrlichia canis or e. chaffeensis. there was no correlation between infection status and age or breed of the dogs. polymerase chain reaction performed on ... | 2003 | 14667015 |
| sensitive and specific detection of proviral bovine leukemia virus by 5' taq nuclease pcr using a 3' minor groove binder fluorogenic probe. | sensitive assays are required to detect proviral bovine leukemia virus (blv) in donor cattle used for the in vivo preparation of australian tick fever vaccines. 5' taq nuclease assays using 3' minor groove binder dna probes (taqmanmgb) were developed and compared to conventional pcr assays for sensitive detection of australian blv. seven beef and dairy herds were screened using dna prepared by a variety of protocols to evaluate these tests. comparative sensitivities of pcr tests were determined ... | 2004 | 14667532 |
| a novel antigen from anaplasma marginale: characterization, expression and preliminary evaluation of the recombinant protein. | through a process of protein fractionation and vaccination we previously identified four native antigens that confer a degree of protection against challenge with anaplasma marginale. one of these, ana 29 has been successfully cloned and sequenced using degenerate primers designed to n-terminal and internal peptide sequences. the full-length gene codes for a protein with a theoretical molecular weight of 27 kda and pi 8.6. the sequence is highly conserved, showing 99% identity between two austra ... | 2004 | 14670322 |
| bacterial responses to neutrophil phagocytosis. | this review focuses on adaptive bacterial interactions with neutrophils, emphasizing information communicated within the past year about bacterial factors that respond to contact with or phagocytosis by pmn. | 2004 | 14676620 |
| canine ehrlichiosis. | ehrlichia spp. are obligate intracellular bacteria with tropism for hematopoietic cells. monocytic ehrlichioses in dogs and humans are transmitted by ticks and primarily caused by e. canis and e. chaffeensis, respectively. e. canis causes canine monocytic ehrlichioses (cme), a potentially fatal disease in dogs that requires rapid and accurate diagnosis in order to initiate appropriate therapy leading to a favorable prognosis. cme is characterized by three stages; 1) acute, 2) subclinical and 3) ... | 2003 | 14677903 |
| molecular evidence for anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks from eastern slovakia. | ixodes ricinus ticks (20 males, 20 females and 20 nymphs) collected in kosice, slovakia were examined for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) by pcr. 38.3 % of the tested ticks carried single infection of b. burgdorferi s.l. and 8.3 % were infected with a. phagocytophilum. double infection of both pathogens was detected in 5 % of tested ticks. these results indicate that both b. burgdorferi s.l. and a. phagocytophilum co-circulate in the enzootic ... | 2003 | 14677924 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi, ehrlichia chaffeensis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum in ticks (acari: ixodidae) from a coastal region of california. | a study was conducted in santa cruz county to estimate the prevalence and distribution of the agents of lyme disease, human granulocytic (hge), and human monocytic (hme) ehrlichiosis in 1,187 adult ixodid ticks collected from eight public-use recreation areas over a 2-yr period. borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, was detected by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in 44 of 776 (5.67%) ixodes pacificus ticks and in 3 of 58 (5.17%) dermacentor variabilis ticks. anaplasma phag ... | 2003 | 14680123 |
| causes of febrile illnesses after a tick bite in slovenian children. | to establish the etiology in slovenian children with febrile illnesses occurring after a tick bite. | 2003 | 14688569 |
| ehrlichiosis and related infections. | 2003 | 14690204 | |
| enzootic transmission of babesia divergens among cottontail rabbits on nantucket island, massachusetts. | specific ticks seem to locally serve as vector for characteristic microbial assemblages (guilds) comprising spirochetes, piroplasms, ehrlichiae, and arboviruses. borrelia andersoni and anaplasma phagocytophilum are intensely transmitted between cottontail rabbits. to test the hypothesis that a piroplasm may also be maintained in rabbits, we sampled these hosts from nantucket island, massachusetts and tested their blood and tissues by a polymerase chain reaction for evidence of infection. surpris ... | 2003 | 14695079 |
| characterization of the anaplasma marginale msp2 locus and its synteny with the omp1/p30 loci of ehrlichia chaffeensis and e. canis. | major surface protein 2 (msp2) is an immunodominant and antigenically variant protein in the outer membrane of the rickettsia anaplasma marginale. msp2 variation is generated by recombination into a single operon-linked genomic expression site. the complete 5.6-kb msp2 locus was identified by sequencing a 90-kb region of the st. maries strain of a. marginale. the locus encoded, in a 5' to 3' direction, a transcriptional regulator followed by five outer membrane proteins, omp1, opag3, opag2, opag ... | 2004 | 14697516 |
| molecular methods for ehrlichiosis and lyme disease. | this article reviews molecular techniques that have been developed and are effective in the clinical laboratory for the emerging tick-borne infections, ehrlichiosis and lyme disease. | 2003 | 14711096 |
| restricted changes in major surface protein-2 (msp2) transcription after prolonged in vitro passage of anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum strains often vary in msp2 expression, a situation assumed to be related to immune evasion. however, msp2 is also an adhesin, and little is known about the role of endogenous msp2 transcriptional changes in the absence of immune selection. thus, msp2 profiles and msp2 transcripts of low passage a. phagocytophilum webster strain, initially comprised of a single abundant msp2 transcript, were re-examined after > or = 20 in vitro passages without immune selection. | 2004 | 14713314 |
| survey of ticks collected in mississippi for rickettsia, ehrlichia, and borrelia species. | from november 1999 through october 2000, we tested ticks collected from vegetation as well as from deer, dogs, and humans for spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae, ehrlichia chaffeensis, and borrelia spp. spirochetes. a total of 149 adult ticks representing four species was collected from 11 collection sites from southwestern to northern mississippi. amblyomma americanum was most commonly collected (n=68), followed by ixodes scapularis (n=53). the bird tick, ixodes brunneus (usually rare), was ... | 2003 | 14714667 |
| sequence analysis of p44 homologs expressed by anaplasma phagocytophilum in infected ticks feeding on naive hosts and in mice infected by tick attachment. | the 44-kda immunodominant outer membrane proteins (p44 proteins) of anaplasma phagocytophilum are encoded by the p44 polymorphic multigene family. the present study examined p44 expression and analyzed the cdna sequences of various p44 transcripts from the spleens and blood of mice infected by the bites of ticks infected with the a. phagocytophilum ntn-1 strain or of naturally infected nymphal ticks and in the salivary glands and midgut tissues of these ticks. a total of 300 p44 cdnas were subje ... | 2004 | 14742506 |
| disruption of ixodes scapularis anticoagulation by using rna interference. | ixodes scapularis ticks transmit many pathogens, including borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and babesia microti. vaccines directed against arthropod proteins injected into the host during tick engorgement could prevent numerous infectious diseases. salp14, a salivary anticoagulant, poses a key target for such intervention. salp14 is the prototypic member of a family of potential i. scapularis anticoagulants, expressed and secreted in tick saliva during tick feeding. rna interfere ... | 2004 | 14745044 |
| a prospective study of canine infective endocarditis in northern california (1999-2001): emergence of bartonella as a prevalent etiologic agent. | a prospective study was performed (june 1999 to may 2001) to determine the incidence of infective endocarditis (ie) due to bartonella in dogs in northern california and to compare these patients with other dogs with ie. ie was diagnosed antemortem based on clinical signs and echocardiography in 18 dogs. the etiologic agent was bartonella sp. in 5 dogs (28%) and was diagnosed by high seroreactivity to bartonella (titer > 1:512; range, 1:1,024-1:4,096); and confirmed postmortem by positive polymer ... | 2004 | 14765733 |
| acarological risk of exposure to agents of tick-borne zoonoses in the first recognized italian focus of lyme borreliosis. | acarological risk was calculated as the probability of encountering at least one host-seeking ixodes ricinus tick infected by the pathogen borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, in 100 m transects in the province of genoa, italy. the seasonal pattern of i. ricinus was studied using generalized estimating equations (gee) with negative binomial error, to consider overdispersion of tick counts and repeated sampling of the same dragging sites from april 1998 to march 1999. prevalence of infection by b. bu ... | 2003 | 14959782 |
| expression cloning. | expression cloning involves the selection of specific polypeptides, generated from a cdna or genomic dna library, based on certain characteristics of the expressed proteins, such as antibody or ligand binding, recognition by t-cells, function, or complementation of cell defects. here we describe the detailed construction of a genomic, random shear lambda expression library, adsorption of anti escherichia coli antibody from antiserum, the screening of an expression library with specific antisera, ... | 2004 | 14959824 |
| [prevalence of anaplasma marginale and specific antibodies in new born calves]. | anaplasma marginale is an intraerythrocytic rickettsia that affects the cattle and constitute a constraint for its production. the transplacental transmission of a. marginale could be of importance under field conditions, but until now no data is available to interpret its relevance in venezuela. the goal of this work was to evaluate both the presence of a. marginale and the antibody response against the rickettsia in new born calves. fourteen calves, one week old, were simultaneously bled for p ... | 2003 | 14976783 |
| groupings of highly similar major surface protein (p44)-encoding paralogues: a potential index of genetic diversity amongst isolates of anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is a tick-borne bacterium that is zoonotic in the usa and southern europe, but although the bacterium is endemic in the uk, no cases of clinical human disease have yet been detected in that country. potential genomic differences amongst uk and usa isolates were investigated by comparing partial 16s rrna gene and p44 paralogue sequences amplified by pcr from 10 uk ruminant or tick isolates, with published sequences from usa isolates. no significant clustering among the i ... | 2004 | 14993322 |
| the effect of management factors on the seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale in bos indicus cattle in the mexican tropics. | a cross-sectional study with a two-stage design and proportional distribution was carried out to determine the effect of management factors on the seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale in bos indicus cattle in the mexican tropics. serum was obtained from 384 cattle aged 1-2 years on 92 farms. the number of samples was proportionally distributed according to the number of farms in eastern yucatan. antibody activity against a. marginale was assessed using the card agglutination test. a primary scr ... | 2004 | 14998312 |
| mapping of b-cell epitopes in the n-terminal repeated peptides of anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a and characterization of the humoral immune response of cattle immunized with recombinant and whole organism antigens. | major surface protein (msp) 1a of the genus type species anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) together with msp1b forms the msp1 complex. msp1a has been shown to be involved in adhesion, infection and tick transmission of a. marginale, as well as to contribute to protective immunity in cattle. a differential antibody response to msp1a and msp1b was observed in cattle immunized with a. marginale derived from bovine erythrocytes (anti-msp1a response) or cultured tick cells (anti-ms ... | 2004 | 15010223 |
| acquisition of different isolates of anaplasma phagocytophilum by ixodes scapularis from a model animal. | the prevalence of etiologic agents in ticks reflects the intensity of their transmission in natural cycles and is an important measure of their potential to cause human disease. the distribution of anaplasma phagocytophilum within the range of its primary vectors is patchy. even nearby sites differ dramatically in the prevalence of anaplasma in questing ticks. we hypothesized that this irregular distribution may be due in part to variations in acquisition rates of different isolates of a. phagoc ... | 2004 | 15018773 |
| how do neutrophils and pathogens interact? | many pathogens can manipulate macrophages after phagocytosis yet are efficiently killed by neutrophils. this poses the question of whether neutrophils have mechanisms that enable them to specifically recognise pathogens and have pathogens evolved mechanisms to modulate neutrophil function? here, we review recent work on neutrophils and their interaction with four different bacteria: staphylococcus aureus, helicobacter pylori, anaplasma phagocytophilum and members of the enterobacteriae family. | 2004 | 15036142 |