Publications

[yearly changes in antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates between 1996 and 2000--ii. gram-negative bacteria].	the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2000 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, and carbapenems. thirty-two species 2,697 strains of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from january to december, and consisted of moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis (n = 125), escherichia coli (n = 250), citrobacter freu ...	2002	12071094
comparative evaluation of two commercial chromogenic media for detection and presumptive identification of urinary tract pathogens.	the performance of two commercial chromogenic media for the isolation and presumptive identification of urinary tract pathogens, the cps id2 (biomérieux, france) and the chromagar orientation (bbl becton dickinson, usa), was evaluated and compared with that of cystine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient agar and tryptic soy agar with 5% sheep blood. the detection, determination of bacterial counts, and presumptive identification of bacteria causing urinary tract infections were evaluated in 3,000 urin ...	2002	12072939
[enteropathogenicity of providencia alcalifaciens, a newly recognized pathogen causing food-poisoning].	providencia alcalifaciens, a member of the family enterobacteriaceae, has been thought to be a normal flora or an opportunistic pathogen. in 1996, a large outbreak (including 270 patients) of acute gastroenteritis occurred in fukui. no known enteropathogens were detected in fecal samples of the patients, but p. alcalifaciens was detected from 7 of the 18 samples. the isolates were a clonal by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. the specific antibody against the isolated strain was elevated in the ...	2002	12078099
bacterial population of a two-phase anaerobic digestion process treating effluent of cassava starch factory.	different groups of microorganisms in a two-phase anaerobic system were enumerated to evaluate the prevalence of specific groups and species. total and fecal coliforms showed similar values both in acidogenic and methanogenic reactors. the fecal streptococci were 4-fold higher in the acidogenic reactor, when compared with those of the methanogenic reactor. as expected, no methane forming or sulfate reducing bacteria were found in the acidogenic reactor. the populations of methanogenic bacteria w ...	2002	12088382
diarrhea outbreak among czech army field hospital personnel caused by providencia alcalifaciens.		2002	12088581
resistant pathogens in urinary tract infections.	antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria causing urinary tract infection (uti) has evolved over several decades as antimicrobial exposure has repeatedly been followed by emergence of resistance. older populations in the community, long-term care facilities, or acute care facilities have an increased prevalence of resistant bacteria isolated from uti. resistant isolates are more frequent in long-term care populations than the community. resistant isolates include common uropathogens, such as esch ...	2002	12121518
pathology quiz. asymptomatic bacteriuria in the elderly.		2002	12125720
[comparative analysis of the sensitivity of enterobacteria to bile].	the analysis of the sensitivity of 195 enterobacterial cultures to bile revealed that their level of resistance decreased in the following row: shigella > salmonella > klebsiella > escherichia > providencia. as shown on a sample of 136 e. coli isolates the level of resistance of these bacteria to bile depended on their isolation source: in e. coli isolated from bile in cholecystitis, from urine in pyelonephritis and from feces in intestinal dysbacteriosis resistance was 1.1-1.3 times higher than ...	2002	12141044
urea-dependent signal transduction by the virulence regulator urer.	identification of the environmental triggers involved in the expression of virulence genes is a fundamental objective in studies of bacterial pathogens. for uropathogens, urea, found in the urinary tract at concentrations of up to 500 mm, functions as an environmental signal. urea freely diffuses into the bacterium providencia stuartii and activates urer, a member of the arac family of transcriptional activators. active urer promotes transcription of virulence-associated urease genes and alerts ...	2002	12147687
tnphoa mutants of providencia alcalifaciens with altered invasiveness of hep-2 cells.	recent studies have shown that providencia alcalifaciens is a diarrhoeal pathogen. it may cause diarrhoea by an invasive mechanism, as it invades cultured mammalian cells in vitro and intestinal epithelial cells of experimentally inoculated rabbits in vivo. to locate the gene(s) involved in invasion, tnphoa mutants of a diarrhoeal isolate of p. alcalifaciens were generated. compared with the parent strain, these mutants exhibited negligible invasion and actin condensation in hep-2 cells. tnphoa ...	2002	12171300
r391: a conjugative integrating mosaic comprised of phage, plasmid, and transposon elements.	the conjugative, chromosomally integrating element r391 is the archetype of the incj class of mobile genetic elements. originally found in a south african providencia rettgeri strain, r391 carries antibiotic and mercury resistance traits, as well as genes involved in mutagenic dna repair. while initially described as a plasmid, r391 has subsequently been shown to be integrated into the bacterial chromosome, employing a phage-like integration mechanism closely related to that of the sxt element f ...	2002	12193633
a conserved mechanism for extracellular signaling in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.	epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) is a key mediator of cell communication during animal development and homeostasis. in drosophila, the signaling event is commonly regulated by the polytopic membrane protein rhomboid (rho), which mediates the proteolytic activation of egfr ligands, allowing the secretion of the active signal. until very recently, the biochemical function of rho had remained elusive. it is now believed that drosophila rho is the founder member of a previously undescribed fa ...	2002	12221285
conservation of intramembrane proteolytic activity and substrate specificity in prokaryotic and eukaryotic rhomboids.	rhomboid is an intramembrane serine protease responsible for the proteolytic activation of drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) ligands. although nothing is known about the function of the approximately 100 currently known rhomboid genes conserved throughout evolution, a recent analysis suggests that a rhomboid from the pathogenic bacterium providencia stuartii is involved in the production of a quorum-sensing factor. this suggests that an intercellular signaling mechanism may have ...	2002	12225666
clustering of bloodstream infections during maggot debridement therapy using contaminated larvae of protophormia terraenovae.	the treatment of human wounds with fly larvae is an ancient procedure recently reintroduced into medical practice under the term of biosurgery. the crucial technical problem of biosurgery is asepsis of the larvae.	2002	12382092
structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of providencia alcalifaciens o16 containing n-acetylmuramic acid.	the o-specific polysaccharide of providencia alcalifaciens o16 was obtained by mild-acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide and studied by chemical methods and nmr spectroscopy, including 2d 1h,(1)h cosy, tocsy, noesy, and 1h,(13)c hsqc experiments. it was found that the polysaccharide contains n-acetylmuramic acid, which was isolated by solvolysis with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and identified by the specific optical rotation and nmr spectroscopy. the following structure of the trisacchar ...	2002	12423969
purple urine bag syndrome.		2002	12429328
susceptibility of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria to biocides: a perspective from the study of catheter biofilms.	bacteria resistant to both the agents deployed to prevent infections and those used to treat infections would be formidable nosocomial pathogens. the aim of this paper is to review the evidence that gram-negative bacteria resistant to antibiotics and biocides have emerged and been responsible for catheter-associated urinary tract infection. a study of patients undergoing intermittent bladder catheterization revealed that the frequent application of the antiseptic chlorhexidine to the perineal sk ...	2002	12481841
[pathogenicity islands in opportunistic enterobacteria].	the presence of fragments of genomes hlya, hlyb, papah, papc, sfag, sfaa and kps mt, associated with the pathogenicity islands of escherichia coli, in clinical strains of other genera of the family enterobacteriaceae, has been experimentally evaluated with the use of pcr. the presence of dna fragments specific to the known genes of the pathogenicity clusters of e. coli in representatives of the genera citrobacter, enterobacter, hafnia, klebsiella, morganella, proteus, providencia, serratia and y ...	2002	12506618
occurrence and phenotypic characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among members of the family enterobacteriaceae at the tel-aviv medical center (israel) and evaluation of diagnostic tests.	we assessed the prevalence and phenotypic characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producers among cefuroxime-resistant (cxm-r) (mic > or = 32 micro g/ml) members of the family enterobacteriaceae in our institution. the 438 cxm-r clinical isolates obtained from nonurine sources among inpatients were screened. esbl production was confirmed by disk diffusion assay using cefpodoxime (cpd), cefotaxime (ctx), and ceftazidime (ctz) with and without clavulanate (clav). a difference of ...	2003	12517841
osteomyelitis associated with salmonella enterica ss arizonae in a colony of ridgenose rattlesnakes (crotalus willardi).	the identification of three arizona ridgenose rattlesnakes (crotalus willardi) with salmonella arizonae-associated osteomyelitis led to a 5-yr prospective study of radiographic signs and salmonella intestinal carriage rates in a 19-member colony of this rattlesnake species. ventrodorsal radiographs were performed and cloacal swabs were cultured for salmonella spp. annually. ten snakes survived the 5-yr period, with six of them remaining free of bony lesions. three snakes that had no bony lesions ...	2002	12564525
comparison of sxt and r391, two conjugative integrating elements: definition of a genetic backbone for the mobilization of resistance determinants.	the sxt element (sxt) is becoming an increasingly prevalent vector for the dissemination of antibiotic resistances in vibrio cholerae. sxt is a member of a larger family of elements, formerly defined as incj plasmids, that are self-transmissible by conjugation and integrate site-specifically into the host chromosome. comparison of the dna sequences of sxt and r391, an incj element from providencia rettgeri, indicate that these elements consist of a conserved backbone that mediates the regulation ...	2002	12568332
[nutrients intake in elderly people living in providence, santiago de chile].	the information available on food intake in the elderly in chile is restricted to individuals of low socioeconomic groups, but there is no data available on food intake in elderly of higher income groups.	2002	12617057
the rhomboids: a nearly ubiquitous family of intramembrane serine proteases that probably evolved by multiple ancient horizontal gene transfers.	the rhomboid family of polytopic membrane proteins shows a level of evolutionary conservation unique among membrane proteins. they are present in nearly all the sequenced genomes of archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes, with the exception of several species with small genomes. on the basis of experimental studies with the developmental regulator rhomboid from drosophila and the aara protein from the bacterium providencia stuartii, the rhomboids are thought to be intramembrane serine proteases whose ...	2003	12620104
[antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime against clinical isolates in 2000 and 2001].	as the post-marketing surveillance of cefpodoxime proxetil (banan), mics of cefpodoxime (cpdx, an active form of banan) against 1090 clinical isolates of 22 species from 15 medical institutions all over japan from june 2000 to march 2001 were measured using the broth microdilution method approved by the japanese society of chemotherapy and compared with those of oral cephem antibacterials, cefaclor, cefdinir, cefditoren, and cefcapene. in this study, remarkable change in the activity of cpdx was ...	2002	12621736
an integron cassette encoding erythromycin esterase, ere(a), from providencia stuartii.	we have mapped the variable region of the two class 1 integrons found in the multiresistant strain providencia stuartii 1723. integron 1 contains a new arrangement of gene cassettes, aaca4-aadb-aada1, conferring resistance to all aminoglycosides used for clinical treatment. integron 2 contains a variant of the gene cassette ere(a), coding for an erythromycin esterase, whose nucleotide sequence shares 93.7% dna identity with ere(a) from escherichia coli bm2195 plasmid pip1100.	2003	12654734
structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of providencia rustigianii o14 containing n(epsilon)-[(s)-1-carboxyethyl]-n(alpha)-(d-galacturonoyl)-l-lysine.	the o-specific polysaccharide of providencia rustigianii o14 was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lps and studied by chemical methods and nmr spectroscopy, including 2d 1h,(1)h cosy, tocsy, noesy, and 1h,(13)c hsqc experiments. the polysaccharide was found to contain n (epsilon)-[(s)-1-carboxyethyl]-n(alpha)-(d-galacturonoyl)-l-lysine ('alaninolysine', 2s,8s-alalys). the amino acid component was isolated by acid hydrolysis and identified by 13c nmr spectroscopy and specific optical rotat ...	2003	12681927
characterization of clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae from italy by the bd phoenix extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detection method.	production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) is an important mechanism of beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteriaceae: identification of esbls based on phenotypic tests is the strategy most commonly used in clinical microbiology laboratories. the phoenix esbl test (bd diagnostic systems, sparks, md.) is a recently developed automated system for detection of esbl-producing gram-negative bacteria. an algorithm based on phenotypic responses to a panel of cephalosporins (ceftazidime plus ...	2003	12682131
rotavirus type a and other enteric pathogens in stool samples from children with acute diarrhea on the colombian northern coast.	the present study, conducted from march 1998 to july 2000, determined the etiology of acute diarrhea in 253 young children and infants from cartagena and sincelejo, colombia. in 253 stool samples, the following enteric pathogens were recovered: rotavirus type a (36.6%) as the major agent, salmonella spp (9.0%), shigella spp (8.0%), enteric pathogenic escherichia coli (6.0%), enteric hemorragic esc. coli (2.8%), providencia alcalifaciens (2.8%), aeromonas hydrophila (2.0%), yersinia enterocolitic ...	2003	12687410
bacteraemia due to tribe proteeae: a review of 132 cases during a decade (1991-2000).	to characterize the clinical features of bacteraemia due to tribe proteeae, 132 cases among 130 patients from 1991 to 2000 were analysed. the organisms included the proteus species in 63 cases (p. mirabilis in 41, p. penneri in 2 and p. vulgaris in 20), the providencia species in 8 (p. rettgeri in 3 and p. stuartii 5) and morganella morganii in 61. morganella bacteraemia occurred more frequently in the hospital (70.5%). biliary and hepatic diseases were predominant in cases with morganella bacte ...	2003	12693558
production of glycosylated thermostable providencia rettgeri penicillin g amidase in pichia pastoris.	penicillin g amidase from providencia rettgeri is a heterodimer of 92 kda. we have previously expressed the pr. rettgeri pac gene coding for this enzyme in saccharomyces cerevisiae, and now we report the expression and characterization in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. the recombinant catalytically active enzyme (rpac(pr)) was secreted from shake flask-grown p. pastoris cells into the medium at a level of approximately 0.18 u ml(-1). this yield of rpac(pr) was higher, by two orders of ...	2002	12702330
an inducible tellurite-resistance operon in proteus mirabilis.	tellurite resistance (te(r)) is widespread in nature and it is shown here that the natural resistance of proteus mirabilis to tellurite is due to a chromosomally located orthologue of plasmid-borne ter genes found in enteric bacteria. the p. mirabilis ter locus (terzabcde) was identified in a screen of tn5lacz-generated mutants of which one contained an insertion in terc. the p. mirabilis terc mutant displayed increased susceptibility to tellurite (te(s)) and complementation with terc carried on ...	2003	12724390
escherichia coli 83972 inhibits catheter adherence by a broad spectrum of uropathogens.	the presence of a nonpathogenic organism on the surface of a urinary catheter might impede catheter colonization by pathogens and thus prevent urinary tract infection. previously, we reported that preinoculating urinary catheters with a nonpathogenic strain of escherichia coli (83972) significantly impeded catheter colonization in vitro by gram-positive bacteria (enterococcus faecalis). to explore this phenomenon further, we investigated in vitro whether e. coli 83972 could likewise inhibit cath ...	2003	12736047
improving the specific synthetic activity of a penicillin g acylase using dna family shuffling.	penicillin g acylas (pga) of providencia rettgeri (atcc 25599) was evolved using a modified dna family shuffling method. the identity of pga genes from escherichia coli, kluyvera citrophila and providencia rettgeri ranges from 62.5% to 96.9%. the pga genes from above three species were recombined and shuffled to create interspecies pga gene fusion libraries. by substituting assembled chimaeras for corresponding region of petppga, different recombinants were constructed and expressed in e. coli j ...	2003	12796820
hyperammonemic coma caused by providencia rettgeri infection in a child with prune belly syndrome.	objective: to report a case of hyperammonemic encephalopathy in the absence of liver disease caused by a urinary tract infection with a previously unreported organism. design: case report. setting: pediatric intensive care unit. patient: critically ill child who presented with hyperammonemic coma. intervention: bladder drainage and antimicrobial therapy for the urinary tract infection. measurements: rapid resolution of the hyperammonemia. main results: rapid improvement in the patient's neurolog ...	2001	12797879
structure of the o-polysaccharide of providencia alcalifaciens o21 containing 3-formamido-3,6-dideoxy-d-galactose.	the o-polysaccharide (o-antigen) of providencia alcalifaciens o21 was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide and studied by chemical methods and nmr spectroscopy. it was found that the polysaccharide is built up of branched pentasaccharide repeating units with a terminal residue of 3-formamido-3,6-dideoxy-d-galactose (d-fuc3nfo) and has the following structure: [structure: see text]. anti-p. alcalifaciens o21 serum cross-reacted with the o-antigen of proteus vulgaris o47, wh ...	2003	12801716
substrate specificity of rhomboid intramembrane proteases is governed by helix-breaking residues in the substrate transmembrane domain.	rhomboid intramembrane proteases initiate cell signaling during drosophila development and providencia bacterial growth by cleaving transmembrane ligand precursors. we have determined how specificity is achieved: drosophila rhomboid-1 is a site-specific protease that recognizes its substrate spitz by a small region of the spitz transmembrane domain (tmd). this substrate motif is necessary and sufficient for cleavage and is composed of residues known to disrupt helices. rhomboids from diverse org ...	2003	12820957
providencia alcalifaciens strains translocate from the gastrointestinal tract and are resistant to lytic activity of serum complement.	the ability of providencia alcalifaciens strains, isolated from patients with diarrhoeal disease, to translocate from the gastrointestinal tract and their resistance to serum complement lytic activity were investigated and compared with previously characterized differential invasive capabilities in hela cells. translocation ability to several extraintestinal sites and resistance to lysis by human serum complement were observed in both highly invasive and non-invasive strains. these characteristi ...	2003	12867555
structure of the o-polysaccharide from proteus myxofaciens. classification of the bacterium into a new proteus-o-serogroup.	the o-polysaccharide (o-antigen) was obtained from the lipopolysaccharide of proteus myxofaciens, a proteus strain producing copious amounts of slime, which was isolated from the gypsy moth larvae. the structure of the polysaccharide was studied by chemical analysis and 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including 2d cosy, tocsy, roesy and h-detected 1h,13c hmqc experiments. it was found that the polysaccharide contains an amide of glucuronic acid (glca) with an unusual alpha-linked amino acid, nepsil ...	2003	12869193
[purple urine bag syndrome].	the report of purple discoloration in a urinary drainage system, known as purple urine bag syndrome (p.u.b.s.) is rarely described in the literature.	2003	12876527
prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases produced by nosocomial isolates of enterobacteriaceae in trakya university hospital, turkey.	the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) production by 194 nosocomial isolates of enterobacteriacea recovered from 1995 to 1999 was investigated. the esbl production was determined by the double-disk synergy test and was confirmed by the e-test esbl strip. twenty-three isolates (21 klebsiella pneumoniae, one escherichia coli, one providencia rettgeri) were found as esbl-producers (11.8%). these isolates were also usually resistant to non-betalactam antibiotics. most of them cont ...	2003	12901421
detection of morganella morganii, a prolific histamine former, by the polymerase chain reaction assay with 16s rdna-targeted primers.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of the most prolific histamine former, morganella morganii, was developed. 16s rdna targeted pcr primers were designed, and the primer specificity and sensitivity of the pcr assay were evaluated. the 16s rdna sequence (1,503 bp) for m. morganii showed 95% identity to those for enteric bacteria, i.e., enterobacter spp., klebsiella spp., citrobacter spp., hafnia alvei, proteus spp., and providencia spp. the unique primer ...	2003	12929824
extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae in buenos aires, argentina, public hospitals.	resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins is often associated with plasmid encoded extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl). in order to evaluate the prevalence and diversity of esbls in enterobacteria in our city, a 1-month-period survey was carried out from april to may 2000. extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant strains, isolated from inpatient clinical specimens other than stools, were collected among 17 participating hospitals. from a total of 427 enterobacterial strains that were ...	2003	12936986
gasp phenotype: presence in enterobacteria and independence of sigmas in its acquisition.	the appearance of growth advantage in stationary phase or gasp was originally detected in escherichia coli. the presence of this phenotype in other enterobacteria such as enterobacter cloacae, salmonella typhimurium, providencia stuartii and shigella dysenteriae is described in this work. e. cloacae gasp strains presented lower levels of rpos than the parental strain, although no mutation in the gene or its promoter was detected. this work offers evidence of gasp rpos-independent pathways as gas ...	2003	12951242
sensitivity of proteus and providencia to eight antibiotics and sulfathiazole; tested by the tablet method.		1954	13197048
[the characteristic biochemical properties of the genus proteus; desirable inclusion of the providencia in this group].		1954	13218374
[biochemical characteristics of the genus providencia].		1953	13268928
infantile diarrhea in the denver area: significance of proteus-providencia organisms.		1955	13273094
[distribution of providencia].		1956	13364984
[decomposition of indole by strains of the providencia group].		1957	13413938
[incidence of providencia strains in infants].		1958	13573445
[distribution of lysogeny among proteus and providencia].		1963	13997139
observations on rettgerella and providencia isolated from cases of acute gastroenteritis in uttar pradesh.		1963	14065204
beta-galactosidase and lactose fermentation in the identification of enterobacteria including salmonellae.	one hundred and fourteen strains of non-lactose fermenters and 127 lactose fermenters on macconkey's agar have been compared in the 5% and 1% lactose tests and in beta-galactosidase production, using ortho-nitro-phenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (o.n.p.g.) as a test substance. the superiority of the o.n.p.g. test in the number of positive results and its rapidity is shown. in general, late or non-lactose fermenting strains of genera, usually lactose-positive, yield a rapidly positive o.n.p.g. reac ...	1964	14149933
breakdown of amino acids by enterobacteriaceae. 3. characteristic colour reactions in the proteus-providencia group.		1964	14267554
beta-lactamase stability of faropenem.	faropenem (far) is an orally available member of the penem class unique among carbapenems and other available beta-lactams. this study compared far to cephalosporins and imipenem with respect to beta-lactamase (bla) stability and emergence of resistance to staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli. bla stability was studied using enzyme preparations from sonicated/centrifuged 24-hour cultures of e. coli, enterobacter cloacae, proteus vulgaris, providencia rettgeri, klebsiella pneumoniae, s. aur ...	2003	14504433
erythromycin esterase gene ere(a) is located in a functional gene cassette in an unusual class 2 integron.	the gene ere(a) of the plasmid pip1100 is larger than originally reported and is organized as an integron gene cassette. the ere(a) gene cassette carries its own promoter and is propagated by a class 2 integron with an insertion sequence element, is1, inserted upstream of the inti2 gene. the mobility of the ere(a) cassette has been demonstrated.	2003	14506050
[yearly changes in antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates between 1996 and 2001--ii. gram-negative bacteria].	the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2001 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems and carbapenems. a total of 3,245 strains in 32 species of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from january to december, and consisted of moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, citrobact ...	2003	14567255
indole can act as an extracellular signal to regulate biofilm formation of escherichia coli and other indole-producing bacteria.	we demonstrated previously that genetic inactivation of tryptophanase is responsible for a dramatic decrease in biofilm formation in the laboratory strain escherichia coli s17-1. in the present study, we tested whether the biochemical inhibition of tryptophanase, with the competitive inhibitor oxindolyl-l-alanine, could affect polystyrene colonization by e. coli and other indole-producing bacteria. oxindolyl-l-alanine inhibits, in a dose-dependent manner, indole production and biofilm formation ...	2003	14569285
extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in community and private health care centers.	in 1999, 39 of 2,599 isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae (1.5%) collected by eight private laboratories in the aquitaine region in france produced an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl). among these were 19 enterobacter aerogenes isolates; 8 klebsiella pneumoniae isolates; 6 escherichia coli isolates; 3 proteus mirabilis isolates; and 1 isolate each of serratia marcescens, morganella morganii, and providencia stuartii. esbl producers were isolated from 38 patients, including 33 residen ...	2003	14576109
evaluation of novel beta-ribosidase substrates for the differentiation of gram-negative bacteria.	to synthesize novel substrates for the detection of beta-ribosidase and assess their potential for the differentiation of gram-negative bacteria.	2004	14678171
esbl-producing multidrug-resistant providencia stuartii infections in a university hospital.	to investigate the epidemiological and clinical findings of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing providencia stuartii infections in a large italian university hospital.	2004	14688041
[post-marketing surveillance of antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates--ii. gram-negative bacteria].	as a post-marketing surveillance, the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, carbapenems, monobactams, and penicillins. changes in czop susceptibility among bacteria were also evaluated with the bacterial resistance ratio calculated from the breakpoint mic. twenty-five species (4,154 strains) of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical ...	2003	14692381
structure of the o-polysaccharide of providencia stuartii o4 containing 4-(n-acetyl-l-aspart-4-yl)amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose.	the o-polysaccharide of providencia stuartii o4 was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide, and the following structure of the pentasaccharide repeating unit was established: [structure: see text] where d-qui4n(l-aspac) is 4-(n-acetyl-l-aspart-4-yl)amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose, which has not been hitherto found in bacterial polysaccharides. structural studies were performed using sugar and methylation analyses, smith degradation and nmr spectroscopy, including conventional 2d ...	2004	14698876
structure and cross-reactivity of the o-antigen of providencia stuartii o18 containing 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose.	the o-polysaccharide (o-antigen) of providencia stuartii o18 was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide and studied by chemical methods and nmr spectroscopy, including 2d 1h,1h cosy, tocsy, noesy and 1h,13c hsqc experiments. the following structure of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established: [structure: see text] where qui3nac is 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxyglucose. anti-p. stuartii o18 serum cross-reacted with the o-antigen of proteus genomospeci ...	2004	14698900
structure of the o-polysaccharide of providencia alcalifaciens o19.	studies of the o-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide (o-antigen) of providencia alcalifaciens o19 by sugar and methylation analyses along with nmr spectroscopy, including 2d 1h,1h cosy, tocsy, noesy and 1h,13c hsqc experiments, showed that the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the polysaccharide has the following structure: [structure: see text] where fuc3nac is 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxygalactose. the unique structure of the o-antigen and serological data are in consistence with classif ...	2004	14698901
structural comparison of the integrative and conjugative elements r391, pmerph, r997, and sxt.	r391 and sxt are members of a group of eleven chromosome-borne conjugative elements found in the gamma-proteobacteria, whose members carry different antibiotic resistance traits. recent genomic analysis of r391 and sxt revealed a highly conserved 'backbone' encoding integration/excision, conjugative transfer, and regulation functions, augmented by an array of phenotypic traits and transposable elements. in this study, pcr amplification and sequence analysis were employed to investigate the genom ...	2004	14711525
d- and l-aspartic acids: new non-sugar components of bacterial polysaccharides.	for the first time in bacterial polysaccharides, residues of d- and l-aspartic acids were identified as n-acyl substituents of 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose in the o-antigens of enterobacteria of the genera providencia and proteus.	2004	14972025
isolation and characterization of integron-containing bacteria without antibiotic selection.	the emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic and commensal bacteria has become a serious problem worldwide. the use and overuse of antibiotics in a number of settings are contributing to the development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. the class 1 and 2 integrase genes (inti1 and inti2, respectively) were identified in mixed bacterial cultures enriched from bovine feces by growth in buffered peptone water (bpw) followed by integrase-specific pcr. integrase-positive bacterial co ...	2004	14982773
protease and phospholipase inhibition protect veneza zonata (hemiptera coreidae) against septicemia caused by parasite trypanosomatid 563dt.	veneza zonata (hemiptera coreidae) is an insect which causes losses in several crops, and it is also an important vector of lower trypanosomatids. v. zonata specimens were collected on rural properties in londrina, state of paraná, southern brazil. inoculation of leptomonas 563dt into v. zonata hemocoel caused insect death within approximately 24 h, with large bacterial proliferation into their hemocoels. some bacteria which were found in the digestive tract of those insects, such as escherichia ...	2004	14992855
[surveillance of susceptibility of clinical isolates to cefmetazole between 2000 and 2002].	the antibacterial activity of cefmetazole (cmz) against clinical isolates from 15 medical institutions all over japan was evaluated yearly for two years from june 2000 to march 2002 and compared with that of other parenteral beta-lactams, cefazolin (cez), cefotiam (ctm), sulbactam/cefoperazone (sbt/cpz), and flomoxef (fmox). in the first surveillance from june 2000 to march 2001, 575 isolates of 13 species were tested, and 548 isolates of the same 13 species were tested in the second surveillanc ...	2003	15007873
[nosocomial infections in a general surgical ward].	according to the national nosocomial infection surveillance system we analysed the post-surgical nosocomial infections in a surgery ward of perugia university. between may 2000 and april 2001, 677 patients were enrolled mean age 51.5 years: 355 (52%) male, 462 (68%) asa score 1, "clean" surgery in 355 cases (52%), cephazolin prophylaxis in 256 (38%); 11 (2%) patients deceased perioperatively. a total of 37 nosocomial infections, in 33 patients, were detected: 18 pneumonia (48.6%), 10 surgical si ...	2004	15032335
serological characterization of the o-specific polysaccharide of providencia alcalifaciens o23.	the genus providencia belongs to the enterobacteriaceae family and currently consists of five species: p. alcalifaciens, p. heimbachae, p. rettgerii, p. rustigianii and p. stuartii. the serological classification scheme of p. alcalifaciens, p. rustigianii and p. stuartii includes 63 o-serogroups and 30 h-serogroups. the o-antigenic specificity is defined by the structure of the o-antigen (o-specific polysaccharide--ops), a part of the lipopolysaccharide (lps, endotoxin), one of the major compone ...	2004	15053232
comparative study of the in vitro activity of a new fluoroquinolone, abt-492.	the in vitro activity of a new fluoroquinolone, abt-492, was determined.	2004	15056651
sanitary and bacteriological aspects of sewage treatment.	a study into the removal of contamination load and indicator bacteria was carried out in 1992-1996 in the mechanical, biological and chemical waste-water treatment plant wtp in lezany, in the county of reszel, in the province of warmia and mazury in poland. the results of chemical analyses found a high efficiency of removal of carbon compounds, cod (90%) and bod (98%), in the process of purification of household sewage. in addition, a high effectiveness of total nitrogen, on average 71%, and uns ...	2003	15058814
cloning, overexpression, and characterization of a novel thermostable penicillin g acylase from achromobacter xylosoxidans: probing the molecular basis for its high thermostability.	the gene encoding a novel penicillin g acylase (pga), designated pgaw, was cloned from achromobacter xylosoxidans and overexpressed in escherichia coli. the pgaw gene contains an open reading frame of 2586 nucleotides. the deduced protein sequence encoded by pgaw has about 50% amino acid identity to several well-characterized pgas, including those of providencia rettgeri, kluyvera cryocrescens, and escherichia coli. biochemical studies showed that the optimal temperature for this novel pga (pga6 ...	2004	15128530
cell-to-cell signalling in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica.	cell-to-cell signalling in prokaryotes that leads to co-ordinated behaviour has been termed quorum sensing. this type of signalling can have profound impacts on microbial community structure and host-microbe interactions. the gram-negative quorum-sensing systems were first discovered and extensively characterized in the marine vibrios. some components of the vibrio systems are present in the classical genetic model organisms escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. both organisms encode a signa ...	2004	15130116
universal primer pcr with dgge for rapid detection of bacterial pathogens.	a universal primer pcr (uppcr) combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) was evaluated as a method permitting the rapid detection of pathogens. the results show that this method is efficient at amplifying the conserved regions of bacterial 16s rrna genes with universal primers and can detect causative bacterial pathogens rapidly. six species of bacteria from fisheries (pseudomonas fluorescens, vibrio anguillarum, aeromonas hydrophila, vibrio fluvialis, providencia rettgeri and ...	2004	15134888
detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio cholerae in oyster, crassostrea rhizophorae, collected from a natural nursery in the cocó river estuary, fortaleza, ceará, brazil.	oysters are edible organisms that are often ingested partially cooked or even raw, presenting therefore a very high risk to the consumers' health, especially in tropical regions. the presence of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters sampled at an estuary in the brazilian northeastern region was studied, with 300 oysters tested through an 8-months period. the salinity of the water at the sampling point varied between 3% and 27. v. cholerae was the most frequently detected species ...	2004	15141271
structure of the o-polysaccharide and serological cross-reactivity of the providencia stuartii o33 lipopolysaccharide containing 4-(n-acetyl-d-aspart-4-yl)amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose.	the o-polysaccharide of providencia stuartii o33 was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide and the following structure of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit was established: -->6)-alpha-d-glcpnac-(1-->4)-alpha-d-galpa-(1-->3)-alpha-d-glcpnac-(1-->3)-beta-d-quip4n(ac-d-asp)-(1-->, where d-qui4n(ac-d-asp) is 4-(n-acetyl-d-aspart-4-yl)amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose. structural studies were performed using sugar and methylation analyses and nmr spectroscopy, including conventional ...	2004	15145457
gemifloxacin: a new fluoroquinolone.	gemifloxacin is a dual targeted fluoroquinolone with potent in vitro activity against gram-positive, -negative and atypical human pathogens--pathogens considered to be important causes of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. gemifloxacin demonstrates impressive minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic 90 ) values against clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, chlamydia pneumoniae and legionella spp., with mic 90 values reported to ...	2004	15155113
structure of the o-polysaccharide of providencia stuartii o49.	the o-specific polysaccharide chain (o-antigen) of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of providencia stuartii o49 was studied using sugar and methylation analyses along with 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including two-dimensional cosy, tocsy, roesy, h-detected 1h, 13c hsqc and hmbc experiments. the polysaccharide was found to have the trisaccharide repeating unit with the following structure: -->6)-beta-d-galp(1-->3)-beta-d-galpnac(1-->4)-alpha-d-galp(1-->	2004	15178401
structure of an acidic o-specific polysaccharide from marine bacterium shewanella fidelis kmm 3582t containing nepsilon-[(s)-1-carboxyethyl]-nalpha-(d-galacturonoyl)-l-lysine.	the o-specific polysaccharide was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of the marine bacterium shewanella fidelis type strain kmm 3582t and studied by sugar analysis along with 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy including one-dimensional noe in difference mode and two-dimensional experiments. the polysaccharide was found to consist of linear tetrasaccharide repeating units containing nepsilon-[(s)-1-carboxyethyl]-nalpha-(d-galacturonoyl)-l-lysine and having the following structur ...	2004	15183741
resistance rates to commonly used antimicrobials among pathogens of both bacteremic and non-bacteremic community-acquired urinary tract infection.	this study examined the distribution of organisms and their antimicrobial resistance in patients admitted due to acute bacteremic and non-bacteremic community-acquired urinary tract infection (uti). during a period of 1 year and 1 month, a total of 201 patients and 253 bacterial isolates were studied. fever higher than 38.5 degrees c was significantly more common in the bacteremic group than the non-bacteremic group (68% vs 48%; p<0.05). escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aerug ...	2004	15221039
kirby-bauer disc approximation to detect inducible third-generation cephalosporin resistance in enterobacteriaceae.	resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in enteric gram-negative bacilli may be difficult to detect using standard methods of either kirby-bauer disc diffusion (kbdd) or broth dilution for minimal inhibitory concentration (mic). this difficulty is due to genetic differences in resistance determinants, differences in levels of gene expression, and variation in spectra of enzymatic activity against the substrate beta-lactams used for susceptibility testing. we have examined 95 clinical isolates repo ...	2004	15256000
pseudopterosin content variability of the purple sea whip pseudopterogorgia elisabethae at the islands of san andres and providencia (sw caribbean).	to determine pseudopterosin composition and concentration in colonies of pseudopterogorgia elisabethae from the islands of san andres and providencia, we collected fragments of individual colonies at various sites and depth ranges around the islands. chromatographic profiles of the polar fraction, particularly those obtained by hplc-ms analyses, allowed us to recognize two different chemotypes. chemotype 1 characterized samples from providencia whereas chemotype 2 characterized samples from san ...	2004	15303322
validation of a pcr for diagnosis of typhoid fever and salmonellosis by amplification of the hila gene in clinical samples from colombian patients.	validation of a pcr test to detect hila gene sequences of salmonella spp. was performed in blood and faeces samples from typhoid fever and salmonellosis patients. sensitivity (s), specificity (sp), positive predictive value (ppv) and negative predictive value (npv) of the pcr in blood samples were performed by testing: 37 patients with clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever, 34 of them confirmed by isolation of s. typhi from blood cultures; 35 patients infected with other pathogens corroborated by ...	2004	15314194
a novel glutamate-dependent acid resistance among strains belonging to the proteeae tribe of enterobacteriaceae.	morganella, providencia and proteus strains were capable of surviving ph 2.0 for 1 h if glutamate was present. these strains did not have glutamic acid decarboxylase activity and the gadab genes were not detected in any of these bacteria. when exposed to ph 2.0 acid shocks, the survival rate of these bacteria was significantly increased with glutamate concentrations as low as 0.3 mm in the acid media. escherichia coli cells incubated at ph 3.4 consumed four times more glutamate and produced at l ...	2004	15321677
biochemical characterization of laboratory mutants of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase tem-60.	three mutants of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase tem-60, the p51l, k104e, and s164r mutants, were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. the kinetic parameters of the mutated enzymes and interactions of inhibitors were significantly different from those of tem-60, revealing that the l51p mutation plays an important role in enzyme activity and stability in the tem-60 background.	2004	15328132
per-1 production in a urinary isolate of providencia rettgeri.	a providencia rettgeri strain resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and intermediate to aztreonam was isolated from the urine of a patient hospitalized in the urology clinic of ssk educational hospital in ankara. clavulanic acid restored the activity of extended-spectrum cephalosporins, suggesting that the strain was harboring an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. since the per-1 enzyme is widespread in turkey, and had been already detected in a related species such as proteus mirabilis, ...	2004	15332708
prulifloxacin.	prulifloxacin, the prodrug of ulifloxacin, is a broad-spectrum oral fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. after absorption, prulifloxacin is metabolised by esterases to ulifloxacin. the drug has a long elimination half-life, allowing once-daily administration. ulifloxacin is generally more active in vitro than other fluoroquinolones against a variety of clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria, including community and nosocomial isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus, providenc ...	2004	15456336
the structure of the o-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of providencia stuartii o47.	the o-polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of providencia stuartii o47:h4, strain 3646/51. studies by sugar and methylation analyses along with smith degradation and 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including two-dimensional 1h,1h cosy, tocsy, roesy and h-detected 1h,13c hsqc and hmbc experiments, showed that the polysaccharide has a branched hexasaccharide repeating unit with the following structure: [carbohydrate structure: see text]	2004	15476725
[development and evaluation of a pcr method for diagnosis of salmonella enteric fever, based on dna sequences of the hila gene].	typically, diagnosis of enteric fever due to salmonella spp. is by bacterial isolation from blood culture; however, the blood culture method is slow, not always available, and not informative in patients with antibiotic treatment. salmonella spp. uses the hila gene (component of the pathogenicity island i) to invade epithelial cells and produce infection. using the hila gene sequence a pcr test was designed to detect salmonella in blood samples. the sensitivity (s), specificity (sp), positive pr ...	2004	15495599
role of cyse in production of an extracellular signaling molecule in providencia stuartii and escherichia coli: loss of cyse enhances biofilm formation in escherichia coli.	a mini-tn5cm insertion has been identified that significantly reduced the amount of an extracellular activating signal for a lacz fusion (cma37::lacz) in providencia stuartii. the transposon insertion was located immediately upstream of an open reading frame encoding a putative cyse ortholog. the cyse enzyme, serine acetyltransferase, catalyzes the conversion of serine to o-acetyl-l-serine (oas). this activating signal was also produced by escherichia coli, and production was abolished in a stra ...	2004	15516574
metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacilli: laboratory-based surveillance in cooperation with 13 clinical laboratories in the kinki region of japan.	a total of 19,753 strains of gram-negative rods collected during two 6-month periods (october 2000 to march 2001 and november 2001 to april 2002) from 13 clinical laboratories in the kinki region of japan were investigated for the production of metallo-beta-lactamases (mbls). mbls were detected in 96 (0.5%) of the 19,753 isolates by the broth microdilution method, the 2-mercaptopropionic acid inhibition test, and pcr and dna sequencing analyses. mbl-positive isolates were detected in 9 of 13 lab ...	2004	15528723
effect of ceftazidime, amikacin and ciprofloxacin on biofilm formation by some enterobacterial clinical isolates.	the effect of sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents on the biofilm formationto polystyrene by escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, providencia stuartii, and morganella morganii was investigated by examining eight clinical strains. all the isolates tested were efficient biofilm-forming strains in the microtiter plate assay, with crystal violet staining (od595 nm) ranging from 0.13 +/- 0.01 for p. stuartii er21870 to 1.23 +/- 0.02 for p. vulgaris er50120. the biofilm formati ...	2004	15528892
identification of enterobacteriaceae from washed and unwashed commercial shell eggs.	to evaluate the effect of processing on the safety and quality of retail shell eggs, a storage study was conducted with unwashed and commercially washed eggs. this work demonstrated that commercial processing decreased microbial contamination of eggshells. to know which species persisted during storage on washed or unwashed eggs, enterobacteriaceae isolates were selected and identified biochemically. for each of three replications, shell eggs were purchased from a commercial processing plant, tr ...	2004	15553650
infective endocarditis due to providenca stuartii.		2004	15558939
[type iii secretion systems and bacterial pathogenicity].		2005	15651414
what's your diagnosis? wet fur and dermatitis in a rabbit.		2005	15685188
the structure of the o-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of providencia stuartii o57 containing an amide of d-galacturonic acid with l-alanine.	the o-polysaccharide (o-antigen) was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of providencia stuartii o57:h29. studies by sugar and methylation analyses along with (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy, including two-dimensional (1)h,(1)h cosy, tocsy, roesy, h-detected (1)h,(13)c hsqc, and hmbc experiments, showed that the polysaccharide contains an amide of d-galacturonic acid with l-alanine and has the following pentasaccharide repeating unit: [formula: see text]	2005	15721353