Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| autotransplantation of culture-positive islet product: is dirty always bad? | in selected patients, total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (tpiat) effectively relieves pain caused by chronic pancreatitis and ameliorates the brittle diabetes of the apancreatic state. patients often undergo multiple endoscopic and surgical interventions prior to tpiat, increasing the risk for pancreas colonization with enteric microorganisms. little is known of the safety of transplanting islet cells with microbial contamination. | 2013 | 24308511 |
| autotransplantation of culture-positive islet product: is dirty always bad? | in selected patients, total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (tpiat) effectively relieves pain caused by chronic pancreatitis and ameliorates the brittle diabetes of the apancreatic state. patients often undergo multiple endoscopic and surgical interventions prior to tpiat, increasing the risk for pancreas colonization with enteric microorganisms. little is known of the safety of transplanting islet cells with microbial contamination. | 2013 | 24308511 |
| self-inflicted chronic bacterial keratoconjunctivitis using self semen. | this case report describes a case of self-inflicted chronic bacterial keratoconjunctivitis involving the patient's own semen. a 20-year-old male soldier was referred to our clinic for the evaluation of refractory chronic bacterial conjunctivitis. over the previous 4 months, he had been treated for copious mucous discharge, conjunctival injection, and superficial punctate keratitis in both eyes at an army hospital and a local eye clinic. despite the use of topical and systemic antibiotics accordi ... | 2013 | 24311933 |
| gas chromatography analysis with olfactometric detection (gc-o) as a useful methodology for chemical characterization of odorous compounds. | the gas chromatography-olfactometry (gc-o) technique couples traditional gas chromatographic analysis with sensory detection in order to study complex mixtures of odorous substances and to identify odor active compounds. the gc-o technique is already widely used for the evaluation of food aromas and its application in environmental fields is increasing, thus moving the odor emission assessment from the solely olfactometric evaluations to the characterization of the volatile components responsibl ... | 2013 | 24316571 |
| characteristics of urinary tract infection pathogens and their in vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial agents in china: data from a multicenter study. | this study assessed the characteristics of pathogens identified in clinical isolates from patients with urinary tract infection (uti) and their in vitro sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics in the clinical setting in china. | 2013 | 24334199 |
| diagnostic value of latex agglutination test in diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis. | to know the incidence of bacterial meningitis in children below five years of age. to compare conventional culture and antigen detection methods (latex agglutination test). | 2013 | 24339598 |
| in vitro activities of ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam against 372 gram-negative bacilli collected in 2011 and 2012 from 11 teaching hospitals in china. | ceftazidime-avibactam, aztreonam-avibactam, and comparators were tested by reference broth microdilution against 372 nonrepetitive gram-negative bacilli (346 unselected plus 26 selected meropenem-nonsusceptible enterobacteriaceae isolates) collected from 11 teaching hospitals in china in 2011 and 2012. meropenem-nonsusceptible isolates produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls; e.g., ctx-m-14/3), ampcs (e.g., cmy-2), and/or carbapenemases (e.g., kpc-2 and ndm-1). avibactam potentiated the a ... | 2014 | 24342639 |
| a new protocol to detect multiple foodborne pathogens with pcr dipstick dna chromatography after a six-hour enrichment culture in a broad-range food pathogen enrichment broth. | a quick foodborne pathogen screening method after six-hour enrichment culture with a broad-range food pathogen enrichment broth is described. pathogenic factors of salmonella enterica, shigella spp., enteroinvasive escherichia coli, and enterohemorrhagic e. coli are amplified with a cocktail primer and rapid polymerase chain reaction (pcr), which finishes amplification in 30 min. the pcr amplicon was differentiated with a dipstick dna chromatography assay in 5-10 min. starting from a four- to si ... | 2013 | 24364031 |
| antimicrobial activity of ceftazidime-avibactam against gram-negative organisms collected from u.s. medical centers in 2012. | the activities of the novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination ceftazidime-avibactam and comparator agents were evaluated against a contemporary collection of clinically significant gram-negative bacilli. avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor that inhibits ambler class a, c, and some d enzymes. a total of 10,928 gram-negative bacilli-8,640 enterobacteriaceae, 1,967 pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 321 acinetobacter sp. isolates-were collected from 73 u.s. hospitals and teste ... | 2014 | 24379201 |
| real-time pcr taqman assay for rapid screening of bloodstream infection. | sepsis is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity. the rapid detection of pathogens in blood of septic patients is essential for adequate antimicrobial therapy and better prognosis. this study aimed to accelerate the detection and discrimination of gram-positive (gp) and gram-negative (gn) bacteria and candida species in blood culture samples by molecular methods. | 2014 | 24393579 |
| early-onset neonatal sepsis. | early-onset sepsis remains a common and serious problem for neonates, especially preterm infants. group b streptococcus (gbs) is the most common etiologic agent, while escherichia coli is the most common cause of mortality. current efforts toward maternal intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis have significantly reduced the rates of gbs disease but have been associated with increased rates of gram-negative infections, especially among very-low-birth-weight infants. the diagnosis of neonatal sepsi ... | 2014 | 24396135 |
| parallel histories of horizontal gene transfer facilitated extreme reduction of endosymbiont genomes in sap-feeding insects. | bacteria confined to intracellular environments experience extensive genome reduction. in extreme cases, insect endosymbionts have evolved genomes that are so gene-poor that they blur the distinction between bacteria and endosymbiotically derived organelles such as mitochondria and plastids. to understand the host's role in this extreme gene loss, we analyzed gene content and expression in the nuclear genome of the psyllid pachypsylla venusta, a sap-feeding insect that harbors an ancient endosym ... | 2014 | 24398322 |
| evaluation of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for rapid detection of β-lactam resistance in enterobacteriaceae derived from blood cultures. | the identification of pathogens directly from blood cultures by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) can be a valuable tool for improving the treatment of patients with sepsis and bacteremia. however, the increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria makes it difficult to predict resistance patterns based only on pathogen identification. most therapy regimens for sepsis caused by gram-negative rods consist of at least on ... | 2014 | 24403301 |
| antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli in women with acute cystitis in canada. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) has been a traditional first-line antibiotic treatment for acute cystitis; however, guidelines do not recommend tmp-smx in regions where escherichia coli resistance exceeds 20%. while resistance is increasing, there are no recent canadian estimates from a primary care setting to guide prescribing decisions. | 2013 | 24421825 |
| human gut microbes use multiple transporters to distinguish vitamin b₁₂ analogs and compete in the gut. | genomic and metagenomic sequencing efforts, including human microbiome projects, reveal that microbes often encode multiple systems that appear to accomplish the same task. whether these predictions reflect actual functional redundancies is unclear. we report that the prominent human gut symbiont bacteroides thetaiotaomicron employs three functional, homologous vitamin b₁₂ transporters that in at least two cases confer a competitive advantage in the presence of distinct b₁₂ analogs (corrinoids). ... | 2014 | 24439897 |
| characterization of acrd, a resistance-nodulation-cell division-type multidrug efflux pump from the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. | multidrug efflux pumps are membrane translocases that have the ability to extrude a variety of structurally unrelated compounds from the cell. acrd, a resistance-nodulation-cell division (rnd) transporter, was shown to be involved in efflux of highly hydrophilic aminoglycosides and a limited number of amphiphilic compounds in e. coli. here, a homologue of acrd in the plant pathogen and causal agent of fire blight disease erwinia amylovora was identified. | 2014 | 24443882 |
| bacterial community structure and functional contributions to emergence of health or necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. | preterm infants represent a unique patient population that is born functionally immature and must accomplish development under the influence of a hospital environment. neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is an inflammatory intestinal disorder affecting preterm infants. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the progression of intestinal microbiota community development between preterm infants who remained healthy compared to preterm infants who developed nec. | 2013 | 24450928 |
| oxa-48 carbapenemase-producing salmonella enterica serovar kentucky isolate of sequence type 198 in a patient transferred from libya to switzerland. | here, we report a case of oxa-48-producing salmonella enterica serovar kentucky of sequence type 198 (st198) from perianal screening cultures of a patient transferred from libya to switzerland. the blaoxa-48 gene was carried by tn1999.2 and located on an ∼60-kb incl/m plasmid. this salmonella strain also possessed the blaveb-8, aac(6)-ib, tet(a), sul1, and mpha resistance genes and substitutions in gyra (ser83phe and asp87asn) and parc (ser80ile). this finding emphasizes that prompt screening st ... | 2014 | 24468781 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia in two uk district hospitals. | pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. we retrospectively studied the epidemiology of bacteraemia due to p. aeruginosa in two uk district hospitals so as to determine prevention strategies and assess the efficacy and compliance with local hospital antibiotic guidelines. eighty six episodes occurred in 85 patients over the 3 year period. there was a year on year increase in bacteraemias, due predominantly to an increased proportion of community- ... | 2013 | 24470955 |
| intraoperative vancomycin use in spinal surgery: single institution experience and microbial trends. | retrospective case series. | 2014 | 24480966 |
| crispr is an optimal target for the design of specific pcr assays for salmonella enterica serotypes typhi and paratyphi a. | serotype-specific pcr assays targeting salmonella enterica serotypes typhi and paratyphi a, the causal agents of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, are required to accelerate formal diagnosis and to overcome the lack of typing sera and, in some situations, the need for culture. however, the sensitivity and specificity of such assays must be demonstrated on large collections of strains representative of the targeted serotypes and all other bacterial populations producing similar clinical symptoms. | 2014 | 24498453 |
| global patterns of protein domain gain and loss in superkingdoms. | domains are modules within proteins that can fold and function independently and are evolutionarily conserved. here we compared the usage and distribution of protein domain families in the free-living proteomes of archaea, bacteria and eukarya and reconstructed species phylogenies while tracing the history of domain emergence and loss in proteomes. we show that both gains and losses of domains occurred frequently during proteome evolution. the rate of domain discovery increased approximately lin ... | 2014 | 24499935 |
| characterization of an allylic/benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase from yokenella sp. strain wzy002, an organism potentially useful for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated alcohols from allylic aldehydes and ketones. | a novel whole-cell biocatalyst with high allylic alcohol-oxidizing activities was screened and identified as yokenella sp. wzy002, which chemoselectively reduced the c=o bond of allylic aldehydes/ketones to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated alcohols at 30°c and ph 8.0. the strain also had the capacity of stereoselectively reducing aromatic ketones to (s)-enantioselective alcohols. the enzyme responsible for the predominant allylic/benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity was purified to homogeneity ... | 2014 | 24509923 |
| rapid identification of acinetobacter spp. by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) from colony and blood culture material. | multi-drug-resistant strains of the acinetobacter baumannii complex cause nosocomial infections. rapid identification of acinetobacter spp. is desirable in order to facilitate therapeutic or hygiene decisions. we evaluated a newly designed dna probe that can be used under standard conditions in both a microwave oven and a slide chamber for the rapid identification of acinetobacter spp. by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). using fish, the new probe correctly identified 81/81 acinetobacte ... | 2011 | 24516735 |
| acute pyelonephritis in renal allografts: a new role for micrornas? | acute pyelonephritis (apn) versus acute rejection (ar) is a frequently encountered diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma in kidney transplants. variable culture results, overlapping histologic features, and persistent graft dysfunction despite antibiotics are frequently encountered. therefore, we explored the utility of intragraft microrna profiles to distinguish between allograft apn and ar. | 2014 | 24521778 |
| same day identification and full panel antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria from positive blood culture bottles made possible by a combined lysis-filtration method with maldi-tof vitek mass spectrometry and the vitek2 system. | rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of microorganisms causing bloodstream infections or sepsis have the potential to improve patient care. this proof-of-principle study evaluates the lysis-filtration method for identification as well as antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria directly from positive blood culture bottles in a clinical setting. a total of 100 non-duplicated positive blood cultures were tested and 1012 microorganism-antimicrobial combinations were ... | 2014 | 24551067 |
| incidence, pathogens and resistance patterns of nosocomial infections at a rural hospital in gabon. | nosocomial infections pose substantial risk to patients receiving care in hospitals. in africa, this problem is aggravated by inadequate infection control due to poor hygiene, resource and structural constraints, deficient surveillance data and lack of awareness regarding nosocomial infections. we carried out this study to determine the incidence and spectrum of nosocomial infections, pathogens and antibiotic resistance patterns in a tertiary regional hospital in lambaréné, gabon. | 2014 | 24592922 |
| carriage prevalence of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae in stool samples: a surveillance study. | with more people being exposed to antibiotics, intestinal microflora faces constant pressure of antibiotic selection, which has resulted in the emergence of multidrug resistant strains. this may pose a severe problem as intestinal enterobacteriaceae members are commonly implicated in human infections. | 2014 | 24611074 |
| routine testing for anaerobic bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid cultures improves recovery of clinically significant pathogens. | in north america, the widespread use of vaccines targeting haemophilus influenzae type b and streptococcus pneumoniae have dramatically altered the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis, while the methodology for culturing cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens has remained largely unchanged. the aims of this study were 2-fold: to document the current epidemiology of bacterial meningitis at a tertiary care medical center and to assess the clinical utility of routinely querying for anaerobes in csf c ... | 2014 | 24622102 |
| assessing compliance with established pneumonia core measures at a comprehensive cancer center. | healthcare organizations use pneumonia core measures (pcms) to ensure delivery of high-quality care. in this study, a multidisciplinary team was organized to optimize care and enhance compliance in a comprehensive cancer emergency center. we performed a four-phase study, three of which were interventional: intense education regarding pcm; microbiologic analysis of the pathogens responsible for the pneumonias; development and implementation of an institutional pneumonia algorithm and order set. i ... | 2015 | 24629128 |
| a qpcr assay to detect and quantify shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) in cattle and on farms: a potential predictive tool for stec culture-positive farms. | shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec), of various serogroups harboring the intimin gene, form a serious threat to human health. they are asymptomatically carried by cattle. in this study, a quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) method was developed as a molecular method to detect and quantify shiga toxin genes stx1 and stx2 and the intimin gene eae. subsequently, 59 fecal samples from six farms were tested using qpcr and a culture method as a reference. three farms had contaminated animals as demonst ... | 2014 | 24681714 |
| comparison of the theoretical and real-world evolutionary potential of a genetic circuit. | with the development of next-generation sequencing technologies, many large scale experimental efforts aim to map genotypic variability among individuals. this natural variability in populations fuels many fundamental biological processes, ranging from evolutionary adaptation and speciation to the spread of genetic diseases and drug resistance. an interesting and important component of this variability is present within the regulatory regions of genes. as these regions evolve, accumulated mutati ... | 2014 | 24685590 |
| the arable ecosystem as battleground for emergence of new human pathogens. | disease incidences related to escherichia coli and salmonella enterica infections by consumption of (fresh) vegetables, sprouts, and occasionally fruits made clear that these pathogens are not only transmitted to humans via the "classical" routes of meat, eggs, and dairy products, but also can be transmitted to humans via plants or products derived from plants. nowadays, it is of major concern that these human pathogens, especially the ones belonging to the taxonomical family of enterobacteriace ... | 2014 | 24688484 |
| detection of ampc β lactamases in gram-negative bacteria. | ampc β-lactamases are clinically important cephalosporinases encoded on the chromosomes of many enterobacteriaceae and a few other organisms, where they mediate resistance to cephalothin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, most penicillins, and β-lactamase inhibitor/β-lactam combinations. the increase in antibiotic resistance among gram-negative bacteria is a notable example of how bacteria can procure, maintain and express new genetic information that can confer resistance to one or several antibiotics. det ... | 2014 | 24696552 |
| annotation of protein domains reveals remarkable conservation in the functional make up of proteomes across superkingdoms. | the functional repertoire of a cell is largely embodied in its proteome, the collection of proteins encoded in the genome of an organism. the molecular functions of proteins are the direct consequence of their structure and structure can be inferred from sequence using hidden markov models of structural recognition. here we analyze the functional annotation of protein domain structures in almost a thousand sequenced genomes, exploring the functional and structural diversity of proteomes. we find ... | 2011 | 24710297 |
| neonatal citrobacter koseri meningitis: report of four cases. | citrobacter koseri is a rare cause of neonatal meningitis with predisposal for brain abscesses, and therefore responsible for high mortality and serious neurologic sequelae in this age group. we present the evolution and outcome of four cases of c. koseri meningitis. one of them developed brain abscesses and another one died. the cases show the bacteria's propensity for serious brain damage, despite early and adequate treatment, and the high risk of long-term neurologic complications in survivor ... | 2014 | 24716069 |
| abstracts from the 37th annual meeting of the society of general internal medicine, 2014, san diego, ca, usa. | 2014 | 24737224 | |
| commentary. | 2014 | 24741258 | |
| continuous endotracheal tube cuff pressure control system protects against ventilator-associated pneumonia. | the use of a system for continuous control of endotracheal tube cuff pressure reduced the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) in one randomized controlled trial (rct) with 112 patients but not in another rct with 142 patients. in several guidelines on the prevention of vap, the use of a system for continuous or intermittent control of endotracheal cuff pressure is not reviewed. the objective of this study was to compare the incidence of vap in a large sample of patients (n = 284) ... | 2014 | 24751286 |
| is1r-mediated plasticity of incl/m plasmids leads to the insertion of bla oxa-48 into the escherichia coli chromosome. | the oxa-48 carbapenemase is mainly encoded by ∼ 62-kb incl/m plasmids. however, chromosome-mediated genes have been observed in escherichia coli isolates. in this work, we investigated the genetic environment of oxa-48 in members of the family enterobacteriaceae (n = 22) to understand how the oxa-48-encoding gene is transferred into the e. coli chromosome. the oxa-48-encoding gene was located within intact tn1999.2 transposons in the ∼ 62-kb plasmids or within a truncated variant of tn1999.2 for ... | 2014 | 24752261 |
| identification of glutathione (gsh)-independent glyoxalase iii from schizosaccharomyces pombe. | reactive carbonyl species (rcs), such as methylglyoxal (mg) and glyoxal (go), are synthesized as toxic metabolites in living systems. mechanisms of rcs detoxification include the glutathione (gsh)-dependent system consisting of glyoxalase i (glo1) and glyoxalase ii (glo2), and gsh-independent system involving glyoxalase iii (glo3). hsp31 and dj-1 proteins are weakly homologous to each other and belong to two different subfamilies of the dj-1/hsp31/pfpi superfamily. recently, the escherichia coli ... | 2014 | 24758716 |
| pediatric multicenter evaluation of the verigene gram-negative blood culture test for rapid detection of inpatient bacteremia involving gram-negative organisms, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, and carbapenemases. | we evaluated the investigational use only (iuo) version of the rapid verigene gram-negative blood culture test (bc-gn), a microarray that detects 9 genus/species targets (acinetobacter spp., citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., escherichia coli/shigella spp., klebsiella oxytoca, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa, and serratia marcescens) and 6 antimicrobial resistance determinants (blactx-m, blakpc, blandm, blavim, blaimp, and blaoxa) directly from positive blood cultur ... | 2014 | 24759724 |
| molecular method for detection of total coliforms in drinking water samples. | this work demonstrates the ability of a bacterial concentration and recovery procedure combined with three different pcr assays targeting the lacz, wecg, and 16s rrna genes, respectively, to detect the presence of total coliforms in 100-ml samples of potable water (presence/absence test). pcr assays were first compared to the culture-based colilert and mi agar methods to determine their ability to detect 147 coliform strains representing 76 species of enterobacteriaceae encountered in fecal and ... | 2014 | 24771030 |
| prevalence, spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial and candida colonization between the 21st and 33rd week of gestation in women with pprom - 5 years' experience in 1 perinatal center. | objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial and candida colonization of the vagina between the 21st and the 33rd week of gestation in women who had preterm premature rupture of membranes (pprom). study design: high vaginal swabs from 245 subjects with pprom were analyzed in a retrospective cohort study using cultivation-dependent methods. patients were additionally divided into two groups: women with pprom between the 21st ... | 2013 | 24771885 |
| validation of antibiotic susceptibility testing guidelines in a routine clinical microbiology laboratory exemplifies general key challenges in setting clinical breakpoints. | this study critically evaluated the new european committee for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) antibiotic susceptibility testing guidelines on the basis of a large set of disk diffusion diameters determined for clinical isolates. we report several paradigmatic problems that illustrate key issues in the selection of clinical susceptibility breakpoints, which are of general importance not only for eucast but for all guidelines systems, i.e., (i) the need for species-specific determin ... | 2014 | 24777093 |
| maldi-tof identification of the human gut microbiome in people with and without diarrhea in senegal. | in africa, there are several problems with the specific identification of bacteria. recently, maldi-tof mass spectrometry has become a powerful tool for the routine microbial identification in many clinical laboratories. | 2014 | 24784934 |
| evaluation of three rapid diagnostic methods for direct identification of microorganisms in positive blood cultures. | the identification of organisms from positive blood cultures generally takes several days. however, recently developed rapid diagnostic methods offer the potential for organism identification within only a few hours of blood culture positivity. in this study, we evaluated the performance of three commercial methods to rapidly identify organisms directly from positive blood cultures: quickfish (advandx, wolburn, ma), verigene gram-positive blood culture (bc-gp; nanosphere, northbrook, il), and ma ... | 2014 | 24808235 |
| performance of mass spectrometric identification of bacteria and yeasts routinely isolated in a clinical microbiology laboratory using maldi-tof ms. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is an emerging technology newly applied to identifying bacterial and yeast strains. the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of the vitek(®) ms system in the identification of bacteria and yeast strains routinely isolated from clinical samples. | 2014 | 24822114 |
| comparative study of maldi-tof ms and vitek 2 in bacteria identification. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has recently been introduced in diagnostic microbiology laboratories for the identification of bacterial and yeast strains isolated from clinical samples. this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of maldi-tof ms in clinical microbiology diagnosis by comparing it with commonly-used vitek 2 or gene sequencing. | 2014 | 24822115 |
| the value of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in identifying clinically relevant bacteria: a comparison with automated microbiology system. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has been developed as a new-type soft ionization mass spectrometry in the recent year. increasing number of clinical microbiological laboratories consider it as an innovate approach for bacterial identification. | 2014 | 24822117 |
| emerging organisms in a tertiary healthcare set up. | one-tenth of all infectious diseases are attributable to emerging organisms. as emerging organisms sporadically affect a relatively small percentage of population they are not studied at large. this study was aimed at studying the characteristics of emerging organisms encountered from various clinical samples in an apex tertiary care multispeciality teaching and research hospital. | 2013 | 24843199 |
| emerging organisms in a tertiary healthcare set up. | one-tenth of all infectious diseases are attributable to emerging organisms. as emerging organisms sporadically affect a relatively small percentage of population they are not studied at large. this study was aimed at studying the characteristics of emerging organisms encountered from various clinical samples in an apex tertiary care multispeciality teaching and research hospital. | 2013 | 24843199 |
| genotoxic klebsiella pneumoniae in taiwan. | colibactin is a nonribosomal peptide-polyketide synthesized by multi-enzyme complexes encoded by the pks gene cluster. colibactin-producing escherichia coli have been demonstrated to induce host dna damage and promote colorectal cancer (crc) development. in taiwan, the occurrence of pyogenic liver abscess (pla) has been suggested to correlate with an increasing risk of crc, and klebsiella pneumoniae is the predominant pla pathogen in taiwan. | 2014 | 24852749 |
| mara, soxs and rob of escherichia coli - global regulators of multidrug resistance, virulence and stress response. | bacteria have a great capacity for adjusting their metabolism in response to environmental changes by linking extracellular stimuli to the regulation of genes by transcription factors. by working in a co-operative manner, transcription factors provide a rapid response to external threats, allowing the bacteria to survive. this review will focus on transcription factors mara, soxs and rob in escherichia coli, three members of the arac family of proteins. these homologous proteins exemplify the ab ... | 2013 | 24860636 |
| the first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota. | the microorganisms that inhabit the human gastrointestinal tract comprise a complex ecosystem with functions that significantly contribute to our systemic metabolism and have an impact on health and disease. in line with its importance, the human gastrointestinal microbiota has been extensively studied. despite the fact that a significant part of the intestinal microorganisms has not yet been cultured, presently over 1000 different microbial species that can reside in the human gastrointestinal ... | 2014 | 24861948 |
| the yrpab operon of yersinia ruckeri encoding two putative u32 peptidases is involved in virulence and induced under microaerobic conditions. | in an attempt to dissect the virulence mechanisms of yersinia ruckeri two adjacent genes, yrpa and yrpb, encoding putative peptidases belonging to the u32 family, were analyzed. similar genes, with the same genetic organization were identified in genomic analysis of human-pathogenic yersiniae. rt-pcr studies indicated that these genes form an operon in y. ruckeri. transcriptional studies using an yrpb::laczy fusion showed high levels of expression of these genes in the presence of peptone in the ... | 2014 | 24865652 |
| nk cell receptor nkp46 regulates graft-versus-host disease. | hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) is often the only curative treatment for a wide variety of hematologic malignancies. donor selection in these diseases is crucial, given that transplanted cells can mediate not only the desired graft-versus-leukemia effect but also graft-versus-host disease (gvhd). here, we demonstrate that in the absence of nkp46, a major killer receptor expressed by human and mouse natural killer (nk) cells, gvhd is greatly exacerbated, resulting in rapid mortalit ... | 2014 | 24882008 |
| the gut microbiota of larvae of rhynchophorus ferrugineus oliver (coleoptera: curculionidae). | the red palm weevil (rpw) rhynchophorus ferrugineus olivier (coleoptera: curculionidae) is one of the major pests of palms. the larvae bore into the palm trunk and feed on the palm tender tissues and sap, leading the host tree to death. the gut microbiota of insects plays a remarkable role in the host life and understanding the relationship dynamics between insects and their microbiota may improve the biological control of insect pests. the purpose of this study was to analyse the diversity of t ... | 2014 | 24884866 |
| 1,3-propanediol production with citrobacter werkmanii dsm17579: effect of a dhad knock-out. | 1,3-propanediol (pdo) is a substantially industrial metabolite used in the polymer industry. although several natural pdo production hosts exist, e.g. klebsiella sp., citrobacter sp. and clostridium sp., the pdo yield on glycerol is insufficient for an economically viable bio-process. enhancing this yield via strain improvement can be achieved by disconnecting the production and growth pathways. in the case of pdo formation, this approach results in a microorganism metabolizing glycerol strictly ... | 2014 | 24885849 |
| weighted-incidence syndromic combination antibiograms to guide empiric treatment of critical care infections: a retrospective cohort study. | empiric antimicrobial selection for critical care infections must balance the need for timely adequate coverage with the resistance pressure exerted by broadspectrum agents. we estimated the potential of weighted incidence syndromic combination antibiograms (wiscas) to improve time to adequate coverage for critical care infections. in contrast to traditional antibiograms, wiscas display the likelihood of coverage for a specific infectious syndrome (rather than individual pathogens), and also tak ... | 2014 | 24887215 |
| postsurgical pantoea calida meningitis: a case report. | pantoea calida, a recently described environmental enterobacteriaceae organism, has not yet been associated with human infection. | 2014 | 24934580 |
| genetic properties of blactx-m and blaper β-lactamase genes in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae by polymerase chain reaction. | blactx-m and blaper are two genes that encode class a extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) and can be responsible for therapeutic problems. this study was carried out to evaluate the molecular properties of these genes in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), restriction digestion and sequencing. | 2014 | 24967067 |
| evidence that intraspecific trait variation among nasal bacteria shapes the distribution of staphylococcus aureus. | nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for infection, yet the bacterial determinants required for carriage are poorly defined. interactions between s. aureus and other members of the bacterial flora may determine colonization and have been inferred in previous studies by using correlated species distributions. however, traits mediating species interactions are often polymorphic, suggesting that understanding how interactions structure communities requires a trait-based approach ... | 2014 | 24980973 |
| aspiration-related deaths in 57 consecutive patients: autopsy study. | aspiration can cause a diverse spectrum of pulmonary disorders some of which can lead to death but can be difficult to diagnose. | 2014 | 25076409 |
| susceptibility to antibiotics in urinary tract infections in a secondary care setting from 2005-2006 and 2010-2011, in são paulo, brazil: data from 11,943 urine cultures. | urinary tract infection (uti) has a high incidence and recurrence, therefore, treatment is empirical in the majority of cases. | 2014 | 25076433 |
| the β-lacta test for direct detection of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in urine. | with the β-lacta test, production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) was assayed in 200 urine samples showing gram-negative bacilli during direct microscopic examination. while 168 samples tested negative, all samples yielding esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae after culture gave positive (n = 30) or uninterpretable (n = 2) results. the sensitivity and specificity of esbl detection were 94% and 100%, respectively. | 2014 | 25078913 |
| optimum management of citrobacter koseri infection. | low virulent citrobacter koseri can cause life threatening infections. neonates and other immunocompromised patients are particularly susceptible to infection from c. koseri. any infection due to c. koseri mandates antimicrobial therapy based on the sensitivity of the pathogen microorganism. various types of antibiotics, including aminoglycosides carbapenems, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol and quinolones, are used for the treatment of c. koseri infections. the rational choice of antimicrobial t ... | 2014 | 25088467 |
| aetiology of acute febrile episodes in children attending korogwe district hospital in north-eastern tanzania. | although the burden of malaria in many parts of tanzania has declined, the proportion of children with fever has not changed. this situation underscores the need to explore the possible causes of febrile episodes in patients presenting with symptoms at the korogwe district hospital (kdh). | 2014 | 25090651 |
| endogenous endophthalmitis caused by citrobacter koseri originating from a renal abscess. | we present a rare case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by citrobacter koseri. a 69-year-old woman with a history of poorly controlled diabetes and a protracted urinary tract infection (uti) presented with a painful swollen left eye. there was no history of eye surgery or trauma. imaging revealed an abscess in the right kidney. although endophthalmitis is very rare in healthy patient, it is more common in the immunocompromised. in this patient, several multiple system illnesses including poo ... | 2014 | 25096654 |
| rapid detection of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae from urine samples by use of the esbl ndp test. | from june to september 2012, 500 urine samples were recovered from patients with urinary tract infections (uti) due to gram-negative bacilli (≥ 10(4) leukocytes/ml and ≥ 10(5) gram-negative isolates/ml) who visited the university hospital bicêtre (france). they were challenged with extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-e) using the rapid diagnostic esbl ndp test. results of the esbl ndp test were compared to the results of the double-disc susceptibility test (dd ... | 2014 | 25100819 |
| culturable bacterial microbiota of the stomach of helicobacter pylori positive and negative gastric disease patients. | human stomach is the only known natural habitat of helicobacter pylori (hp), a major bacterial pathogen that causes different gastroduodenal diseases. despite this, the impact of hp on the diversity and the composition of the gastric microbiota has been poorly studied. in this study, we have analyzed the culturable gastric microbiota of 215 malaysian patients, including 131 hp positive and 84 hp negative individuals that were affected by different gastric diseases. non-hp bacteria isolated from ... | 2014 | 25105162 |
| the disulfide bonding system suppresses csgd-independent cellulose production in escherichia coli. | the bacterial extracellular matrix encases cells and protects them from host-related and environmental insults. the escherichia coli master biofilm regulator csgd is required for the production of the matrix components curli and cellulose. csgd activates the diguanylate cyclase adra, which in turn stimulates cellulose production through cyclic di-gmp (c-di-gmp). here, we identified and characterized a csgd- and adra-independent cellulose production pathway that was maximally active when cultures ... | 2014 | 25112475 |
| observations on citrobacter species from a tertiary care health center with special reference to multi-drug resistance and presence of ctx-m gene. | citrobacter is an important nosocomial pathogen and its multi-drug resistant (mdr) isolates are increasingly being reported across the globe. they are known to produce extended spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) and harbor ctx-m gene. | 2014 | 25118739 |
| bacteriology of pressure ulcers in individuals with spinal cord injury: what we know and what we should know. | individuals with spinal cord injury (sci) are at increased risk for the development of pressure ulcers. these chronic wounds are debilitating and contribute to prolonged hospitalization and worse medical outcome. however, the species of bacteria and the role that specific species may play in delaying the healing of chronic pressure ulcers in the sci population has not been well characterized. this study will review the literature regarding what is known currently about the bacteriology of pressu ... | 2015 | 25130374 |
| biofilms formed by gram-negative bacteria undergo increased lipid a palmitoylation, enhancing in vivo survival. | bacterial biofilm communities are associated with profound physiological changes that lead to novel properties compared to the properties of individual (planktonic) bacteria. the study of biofilm-associated phenotypes is an essential step toward control of deleterious effects of pathogenic biofilms. here we investigated lipopolysaccharide (lps) structural modifications in escherichia coli biofilm bacteria, and we showed that all tested commensal and pathogenic e. coli biofilm bacteria display lp ... | 2014 | 25139899 |
| microbiology, resistance patterns, and risk factors of mortality in ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia in a northern thai tertiary-care university based general surgical intensive care unit. | ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) occurrence, causative pathogens, and resistance patterns in surgical intensive care units (sicu) are different between western and developing asian countries. in thailand, resistant organisms have progressively increased in the last decade. however, the evidence describing causes of vap and its outcomes, especially secondary to resistant pathogens, in asian developing countries' sicus is very limited. therefore, the objective of this study was to describe th ... | 2014 | 25152627 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of prs218, a large virulence plasmid, that augments pathogenic potential of meningitis-associated escherichia coli strain rs218. | escherichia coli is the most predominant gram-negative bacterial pathogen associated with neonatal meningitis. previous studies indicated that the prototypic neonatal meningitis e. coli (nmec) strain rs218 (o18:k1:h7) harbors one large plasmid. objectives of the present study were to analyze the complete nucleotide sequence of this large plasmid (prs218) and its contribution to nmec pathogenesis using in vitro and in vivo models of neonatal meningitis. | 2014 | 25164788 |
| phenotypic detection of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae by use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and the carba np test. | we compared the diagnostic accuracy of the carba np test with that of a straightforward matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) method for detecting carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe). using pcr as the reference method, both tests demonstrated a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 100%. maldi-tof ms offers a potential alternative for the rapid detection of cpe in the clinical laboratory setting. | 2014 | 25187633 |
| biofilm formation protects escherichia coli against killing by caenorhabditis elegans and myxococcus xanthus. | enteric bacteria, such as escherichia coli, are exposed to a variety of stresses in the nonhost environment. the development of biofilms provides e. coli with resistance to environmental insults, such as desiccation and bleach. we found that biofilm formation, specifically production of the matrix components curli and cellulose, protected e. coli against killing by the soil-dwelling nematode caenorhabditis elegans and the predatory bacterium myxococcus xanthus. additionally, matrix-encased bacte ... | 2014 | 25192998 |
| implementation of a computerized decision support system to improve the appropriateness of antibiotic therapy using local microbiologic data. | a prospective quasi-experimental study was undertaken in 218 patients with suspicion of nosocomial infection hospitalized in a polyvalent icu where a new electronic device (gerb) has been designed for antibiotic prescriptions. two gerb-based applications were developed to provide local resistance maps (lrms) and preliminary microbiological reports with therapeutic recommendation (pmrtrs). both applications used the data in the laboratory information system of the microbiology department to repor ... | 2014 | 25197643 |
| characterization of pseudomonas aeruginosa lpxt reveals dual positional lipid a kinase activity and co-ordinated control of outer membrane modification. | gram-negative bacteria have evolved modification machinery to promote a dynamic outer membrane in response to a continually fluctuating environment. the kinase lpxt, for example, adds a phosphate group to the lipid a moiety of some gram-negatives including escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. lpxt activity is inhibited under conditions that compromise membrane integrity, resulting instead in the addition of positively charged groups to lipid a that increase membrane stability and provide re ... | 2014 | 25223756 |
| citrobacter koseri septicaemia in a holstein calf. | a 4-day-old male holstein calf with dull mentation, nystagmus and blindness was humanely destroyed and subject to necropsy examination. gross lesions included severe suppurative meningitis characterized by diffuse cloudy thickening of the meninges, bilateral hypopyon and fibrinosuppurative polyarthritis affecting the hocks. citrobacter koseri was isolated from the meninges, ocular fluid, synovial fluid, spleen and small intestine. microscopically, there was neutrophilic and histiocytic meningiti ... | 2014 | 25242308 |
| bloodstream infections in patients with hematological malignancies: which is more fatal - cancer or resistant pathogens? | the primary objective of this study was to report the incidence of bloodstream infections (bsis) and clinically or microbiologically proven bacterial or fungal bsis during neutropenic episodes in patients with hematological malignancies. | 2014 | 25258539 |
| biogeographic patterns in below-ground diversity in new york city's central park are similar to those observed globally. | soil biota play key roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, however, compared to our knowledge of above-ground plant and animal diversity, the biodiversity found in soils remains largely uncharacterized. here, we present an assessment of soil biodiversity and biogeographic patterns across central park in new york city that spanned all three domains of life, demonstrating that even an urban, managed system harbours large amounts of undescribed soil biodiversity. despite high variabili ... | 2014 | 25274366 |
| supporting the ceftaroline fosamil/avibactam enterobacteriaceae breakpoint determination using humanised in vivo exposures in a thigh model. | previous in vivo studies using a human-simulated regimen of ceftaroline/avibactam 600/600mg every 8h (q8h) showed activity against extended-spectrum β-lactamase-, ampc- and kpc-producing enterobacteriaceae with minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) ≤ 1 μg/ml. here we sought to determine the efficacy of this human-simulated regimen against organisms with mics ≥ 1 μg/ml to help determine a breakpoint value that would reliability predict efficacy in humans. in total, 31 isolates (1 escherichia c ... | 2014 | 25278330 |
| diagnostic accuracy of pulmonary host inflammatory mediators in the exclusion of ventilator-acquired pneumonia. | excessive use of empirical antibiotics is common in critically ill patients. rapid biomarker-based exclusion of infection may improve antibiotic stewardship in ventilator-acquired pneumonia (vap). however, successful validation of the usefulness of potential markers in this setting is exceptionally rare. | 2014 | 25298325 |
| diagnostic accuracy of pulmonary host inflammatory mediators in the exclusion of ventilator-acquired pneumonia. | excessive use of empirical antibiotics is common in critically ill patients. rapid biomarker-based exclusion of infection may improve antibiotic stewardship in ventilator-acquired pneumonia (vap). however, successful validation of the usefulness of potential markers in this setting is exceptionally rare. | 2014 | 25298325 |
| role of appropriate therapy in combating mortality among the ventilated patients. | ventilator associated pneumonia (vap) is a nosocomial infection prevalent among the intensive care unit (icu) patients despite proper infection control practices. the diagnosis of vap still remains controversial and hence the mortality rate is higher among this group of patients. | 2014 | 25300335 |
| evaluation of five chromogenic agar media and the rosco rapid carb screen kit for detection and confirmation of carbapenemase production in gram-negative bacilli. | an efficient workflow to screen for and confirm the presence of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli was developed by evaluating five chromogenic screening agar media and two confirmatory assays, the rapid carb screen test (rosco diagnostica a/s, taastrup, denmark) and the modified hodge test. a panel of 150 isolates was used, including 49 carbapenemase-producing isolates representing a variety of β-lactamase enzyme classes. an evaluation of analytical performance, assay cost, and turna ... | 2014 | 25355764 |
| evaluation of five chromogenic agar media and the rosco rapid carb screen kit for detection and confirmation of carbapenemase production in gram-negative bacilli. | an efficient workflow to screen for and confirm the presence of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli was developed by evaluating five chromogenic screening agar media and two confirmatory assays, the rapid carb screen test (rosco diagnostica a/s, taastrup, denmark) and the modified hodge test. a panel of 150 isolates was used, including 49 carbapenemase-producing isolates representing a variety of β-lactamase enzyme classes. an evaluation of analytical performance, assay cost, and turna ... | 2014 | 25355764 |
| wastewater treatment using integrated anaerobic baffled reactor and bio-rack wetland planted with phragmites sp. and typha sp. | the purpose of this study is to examine the potential use of anaerobic baffled reactor (abr) followed by bio-rack wetland planted with phragmites sp. and typha sp. for treating domestic wastewater generated by small communities (751 mg cod/l, 500 scod mg/l, 348 mg bod5/l). two parallel laboratory-scale models showed that the process planted with phragmites sp. and typha sp. are capable of removing cod by 87% & 86%, scod by 90% & 88%, bod5 by 93% & 92%, tss by 88% & 86%, tn by 79% & 77%, po4-p by ... | 2014 | 25379186 |
| prophylaxis with teicoplanin and cefuroxime reduces the rate of prosthetic joint infection after primary arthroplasty. | the aim of this study was to compare the prosthetic joint infection (pji) rate after total joint arthroplasty in two consecutive periods of treatment with different antibiotic prophylaxes: cefuroxime versus cefuroxime plus teicoplanin. we retrospectively reviewed 1,896 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty between march 2010 and february 2013. from march 2010 to august 2011, patients received 1.5 g of cefuroxime during induction of anesthesia and another 1.5 g ... | 2015 | 25403662 |
| real-time comparative evaluation of biomerieux vitek ms versus bruker microflex ms, two matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry systems, for identification of clinically significant bacteria. | matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) recently became available for the identification of bacteria in routine diagnostic laboratories. it is rapid and cost-effective and likely to replace phenotypic identification. this study was undertaken to compare two maldi-tof ms-based, bruker microflex ms (bms) and vitek ms (vms) systems, for identification (id) of clinically significant bacterial isolates. clinically relevant broad diversity of bacteri ... | 2014 | 25433488 |
| assessment of the intensive care unit treatment of pneumonia at a veterans affairs facility. | pneumonia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the critically ill. clinicians use a range of duration for antibiotic treatment from 7 to 14 days or longer. failure to de-escalate antimicrobial therapy in a timely manner may lead to increased antimicrobial resistance, increased risk of side effects, and increased cost. | 2014 | 25477567 |
| host-specific induction of escherichia coli fitness genes during human urinary tract infection. | uropathogenic escherichia coli (upec) is the predominant etiological agent of uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uti), manifested by inflammation of the urinary bladder, in humans and is a major global public health concern. molecular pathogenesis of upec has been primarily examined using murine models of uti. translational research to develop novel therapeutics against this major pathogen, which is becoming increasingly antibiotic resistant, requires a thorough understanding of mechanisms i ... | 2014 | 25489107 |
| exploring preterm birth as a polymicrobial disease: an overview of the uterine microbiome. | infection is a leading cause of preterm birth (ptb). a focus of many studies over the past decade has been to characterize microorganisms present in the uterine cavity and document any association with negative pregnancy outcome. a range of techniques have been used to achieve this, including microbiological culture and targeted polymerase chain reaction assays, and more recently, microbiome-level analyses involving either conserved, phylogenetically informative genes such as the bacterial 16s r ... | 2014 | 25505898 |
| cronobacter, the emergent bacterial pathogen enterobacter sakazakii comes of age; mlst and whole genome sequence analysis. | following the association of cronobacter spp. to several publicized fatal outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units of meningitis and necrotising enterocolitis, the world health organization (who) in 2004 requested the establishment of a molecular typing scheme to enable the international control of the organism. this paper presents the application of next generation sequencing (ngs) to cronobacter which has led to the establishment of the cronobacter pubmlst genome and sequence definition data ... | 2014 | 25515150 |
| gut symbionts from distinct hosts exhibit genotoxic activity via divergent colibactin biosynthesis pathways. | secondary metabolites produced by nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) or polyketide synthase (pks) pathways are chemical mediators of microbial interactions in diverse environments. however, little is known about their distribution, evolution, and functional roles in bacterial symbionts associated with animals. a prominent example is colibactin, a largely unknown family of secondary metabolites produced by escherichia coli via a hybrid nrps-pks biosynthetic pathway that inflicts dna damage up ... | 2015 | 25527542 |
| complete genome sequence of a klebsiella pneumoniae isolate with chromosomally encoded carbapenem resistance and colibactin synthesis loci. | klebsiella pneumoniae is an important nosocomial pathogen, and multidrug-resistant strains have become a worldwide concern. here, we report the complete genome of a k. pneumoniae isolate with chromosomally integrated blakpc genes and a colibactin synthesis locus. | 2014 | 25540345 |
| performance of vitek 2 for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of enterobacteriaceae with vitek 2 (2009 fda) and 2014 clsi breakpoints. | vitek 2 (biomérieux inc., durham, nc) is a widely used commercial antimicrobial susceptibility test system. we compared the mic results obtained using the vitek 2 ast-gn69 and ast-xn06 cards to those obtained by clsi broth microdilution (bmd) for 255 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, including 25 isolates of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae. in total, 25 antimicrobial agents were examined. for 10 agents, the mic data were evaluated using two sets of breakpoints: (i) the vitek 2 breakpoints, ... | 2014 | 25540403 |