Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| population-based study of salivary carriage of periodontal pathogens in adults. | large, general population-based data on carriage rates of periodontal pathogens hardly exist in the current literature. the objectives of the present study were to examine the salivary detection of aggregatibacter (formerly actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, campylobacter rectus, porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia, tannerella forsythensis, and treponema denticola in a representative sample of the adult population living in southern finland and to clarify which determinants are a ... | 2007 | 17567788 |
| interleukin- 1 gene polymorphisms as assessed in a 10-year study of patients with early-onset periodontitis. | our 10-year study of early-onset periodontitis (eop) patients includes repeated clinical observations, microbiological characteristics and analysis of genetic polymorphism of il-1a and il-1b genes. twenty patients (age 15-26 years) were divided according to the clinical status in the 4th year into a group with mean number of teeth with bleeding on probing (bp) 9.8 and mean number of teeth with periodontal pocket (pp) 2.23, and a group with mean number of teeth with bp 5.37 and no pp. significant ... | 2007 | 17575917 |
| molecular architecture and divalent cation activation of tvok, a prokaryotic potassium channel. | rck (regulator of conductance of potassium) domains form a family of ligand-binding domains found in many prokaryotic k+ channels and transport proteins. although many rck domains contain an apparent nucleotide binding motif, some are known instead to bind ca2+, which can then facilitate channel opening. here we report on the molecular architecture and ligand activation properties of an rck-containing potassium channel cloned from the prokaryote thermoplasma volcanium. this channel, called tvok, ... | 2007 | 17588939 |
| the chymotrypsin-like protease complex of treponema denticola atcc 35405 mediates fibrinogen adherence and degradation. | treponema denticola is an anaerobic spirochete strongly associated with human periodontal disease. t. denticola bacteria interact with a range of host tissue proteins, including fibronectin, laminin, and fibrinogen. the latter localizes in the extracellular matrix where tissue damage has occurred, and interactions with fibrinogen may play a key role in t. denticola colonization of the damaged sites. t. denticola atcc 35405 showed saturable binding of fluid-phase fibrinogen to the cell surface an ... | 2007 | 17591786 |
| lesion formation and antibody response induced by papillomatous digital dermatitis-associated spirochetes in a murine abscess model. | papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd), also known as hairy heel wart, is a growing cause of lameness of cows in the u.s. dairy industry. farms with pdd-afflicted cows experience economic loss due to treatment costs, decreased milk production, lower reproductive efficiency, and premature culling. while the exact cause of pdd is unknown, lesion development is associated with the presence of anaerobic spirochetes. this study was undertaken to investigate the virulence and antigenic relatedness of ... | 2007 | 17591787 |
| maternal oral health status and preterm low birth weight at muhimbili national hospital, tanzania: a case-control study. | the study examined the relationship between oral health status (periodontal disease and carious pulpal exposure (cpe)) and preterm low-birth-weight (ptlbw) infant deliveries among tanzanian-african mothers at muhimbili national hospital (mnh), tanzania. | 2007 | 17594498 |
| mining prokaryotic genomes for unknown amino acids: a stop-codon-based approach. | selenocysteine and pyrrolysine are the 21st and 22nd amino acids, which are genetically encoded by stop codons. since a number of microbial genomes have been completely sequenced to date, it is tempting to ask whether the 23rd amino acid is left undiscovered in these genomes. recently, a computational study addressed this question and reported that no trna gene for unknown amino acid was found in genome sequences available. however, performance of the trna prediction program on an unknown trna f ... | 2007 | 17597547 |
| gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase has a role in the persistent colonization of the avian gut by campylobacter jejuni. | the contribution of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) to campylobacter jejuni virulence and colonization of the avian gut has been investigated. the presence of the ggt gene in c. jejuni strains directly correlated with the expression of ggt activity as measured by cleavage and transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety. inactivation of the monocistronic ggt gene in c. jejuni strain 81116 resulted in isogenic mutants with undetectable ggt activity; nevertheless, these mutants grew normally in vitro ... | 2007 | 17600669 |
| small but versatile: the extraordinary functional and structural diversity of the beta-grasp fold. | the beta-grasp fold (beta-gf), prototyped by ubiquitin (ub), has been recruited for a strikingly diverse range of biochemical functions. these functions include providing a scaffold for different enzymatic active sites (e.g. nudix phosphohydrolases) and iron-sulfur clusters, rna-soluble-ligand and co-factor-binding, sulfur transfer, adaptor functions in signaling, assembly of macromolecular complexes and post-translational protein modification. to understand the basis for the functional versatil ... | 2007 | 17605815 |
| detection of azithromycin resistance in treponema pallidum by real-time pcr. | we describe a real-time pcr assay for the discrimination of azithromycin-resistant and -susceptible strains of treponema pallidum. this assay is rapid and allows for as many as 30 clinical specimens to be analyzed simultaneously without the need for dna sequencing. | 2007 | 17620374 |
| identification of 22 candidate structured rnas in bacteria using the cmfinder comparative genomics pipeline. | we applied a computational pipeline based on comparative genomics to bacteria, and identified 22 novel candidate rna motifs. we predicted six to be riboswitches, which are mrna elements that regulate gene expression on binding a specific metabolite. in separate studies, we confirmed that two of these are novel riboswitches. three other riboswitch candidates are upstream of either a putative transporter gene in the order lactobacillales, citric acid cycle genes in burkholderiales or molybdenum co ... | 2007 | 17621584 |
| high content of proteins containing 21st and 22nd amino acids, selenocysteine and pyrrolysine, in a symbiotic deltaproteobacterium of gutless worm olavius algarvensis. | selenocysteine (sec) and pyrrolysine (pyl) are rare amino acids that are cotranslationally inserted into proteins and known as the 21st and 22nd amino acids in the genetic code. sec and pyl are encoded by uga and uag codons, respectively, which normally serve as stop signals. herein, we report on unusually large selenoproteomes and pyrroproteomes in a symbiont metagenomic dataset of a marine gutless worm, olavius algarvensis. we identified 99 selenoprotein genes that clustered into 30 families, ... | 2007 | 17626042 |
| comparative genomic and protein sequence analyses of a complex system controlling bacterial chemotaxis. | molecular machinery governing bacterial chemotaxis consists of the chea-chey two-component system, an array of specialized chemoreceptors, and several auxiliary proteins. it has been studied extensively in escherichia coli and, to a significantly lesser extent, in several other microbial species. emerging evidence suggests that homologous signal transduction pathways regulate not only chemotaxis, but several other cellular functions in various bacterial species. the availability of genome sequen ... | 2007 | 17628132 |
| use of multiple-displacement amplification and checkerboard dna-dna hybridization to examine the microbiota of endodontic infections. | multiple-displacement amplification (mda) has been used to uniformly amplify bacterial genomes present in small samples, providing abundant targets for molecular analysis. the purpose of this investigation was to combine mda and checkerboard dna-dna hybridization to examine the microbiota of endodontic infections. sixty-six samples were collected from teeth with endodontic infections. nonamplified and amplified samples were analyzed by checkerboard dna-dna hybridization for levels and proportion ... | 2007 | 17634304 |
| relationship of periodontal infection to serum antibody levels to periodontopathic bacteria and inflammatory markers in periodontitis patients with coronary heart disease. | several reports have demonstrated a possible association of periodontal infections with coronary heart disease (chd) by elevated antibody titre to periodontopathic bacteria in chd patients compared with non-diseased controls. although each periodontopathic bacterium may vary in virulence for periodontitis and atherosclerosis, antibody response to multiple bacteria in chd patients has not been understood fully. therefore, serum levels of antibody to 12 periodontopathic bacteria together with othe ... | 2007 | 17645769 |
| minocycline hcl microspheres reduce red-complex bacteria in periodontal disease therapy. | the objective of this trial was to measure the antimicrobial effects of a minocycline hcl microsphere (mm) local drug-delivery system when used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (srp). dna probe analysis for 40 bacteria was used to evaluate the oral bacteria of 127 subjects with moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis. | 2007 | 17668977 |
| length of guanosine homopolymeric repeats modulates promoter activity of subfamily ii tpr genes of treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum. | in treponema pallidum, homopolymeric guanosine repeats of varying length are present upstream of both subfamily i (tprc, d, f and i) and ii (tpre, g and j) tpr genes, a group of potential virulence factors, immediately upstream of the +1 nucleotide. to investigate the influence of these poly-g sequences on promoter activity, tpre, g, j, f and i promoter regions containing homopolymeric tracts with different numbers of gs, the ribosomal binding site and start codon were cloned in frame with the g ... | 2007 | 17683506 |
| human wild-type alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase and its naturally occurring g82e variant: functional properties and physiological implications. | human hepatic peroxisomal agt (alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase) is a plp (pyridoxal 5'-phosphate)-dependent enzyme whose deficiency causes primary hyperoxaluria type i, a rare autosomal recessive disorder. to acquire experimental evidence for the physiological function of agt, the k(eq),(overall) of the reaction, the steady-state kinetic parameters of the forward and reverse reactions, and the pre-steady-state kinetics of the half-reactions of the plp form of agt with l-alanine or glycine an ... | 2007 | 17696873 |
| quantitative analysis of mutation and selection pressures on base composition skews in bacterial chromosomes. | most bacterial chromosomes exhibit asymmetry of base composition with respect to leading vs. lagging strands (gc and at skews). these skews reflect mainly those in protein coding sequences, which are driven by asymmetric mutation pressures during replication and transcription (notably asymmetric cytosine deamination) plus subsequent selection for preferred structures, signals, amino acid or codons. the transcription-associated effects but not the replication-associated effects contribute to the ... | 2007 | 17711583 |
| periodontal therapy alters gene expression of peripheral blood monocytes. | we investigated the effects of periodontal therapy on gene expression of peripheral blood monocytes. | 2007 | 17716309 |
| microbiologic analysis of periodontal pockets and carotid atheromatous plaques in advanced chronic periodontitis patients. | in recent years, many researchers have focused their attention on the ability of periodontal pathogens to colonize atheromatous plaques. nevertheless, a clear correlation between the detection rates of periodontopathic bacterial dna in atheromas and in subgingival plaque samples has not been established. the aim of our study was to assess the presence of five periodontal pathogens (actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, prevotella intermedia, porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and tan ... | 2007 | 17760541 |
| the impact of a low-frequency chlorhexidine rinsing schedule on the subgingival microbiota (the teeth clinical trial). | information on the efficacy of chlorhexidine (chx) rinsing on the subgingival microbiota is limited. this study tested if intermittent chx rinsing over 5 years had an impact on the subgingival microbiota. | 2007 | 17760545 |
| hydrogen production by termite gut protists: characterization of iron hydrogenases of parabasalian symbionts of the termite coptotermes formosanus. | cellulolytic flagellated protists in the guts of termites produce molecular hydrogen (h(2)) that is emitted by the termites; however, little is known about the physiology and biochemistry of h(2) production from cellulose in the gut symbiotic protists due to their formidable unculturability. in order to understand the molecular basis for h(2) production, we here identified two genes encoding proteins homologous to iron-only hydrogenases (fe hydrogenases) in pseudotrichonympha grassii, a large ce ... | 2007 | 17766465 |
| a comparison of sensitivities of the conventional and the real-time polymerase chain reaction methods for detection of treponema denticola in periapical abscesses. | 2007 | 17768483 | |
| steroid 5alpha-reductase activity of treponema denticola. | previously we have shown that reference and freshly isolated treponema denticola cultures possess 5alpha-reductase (5alpha-r) and 3beta- and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. a gene matching the 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase family protein (gene id: 2739284; locus tag: tde2697) has been identified in t. denticola atcc 35405. the aim of the work presented here was to optimize assay conditions and determine steroid substrate specificities for the 5alpha-r activity of t. denticol ... | 2007 | 17803630 |
| correlation between infections with different genotypes of human cytomegalovirus and epstein-barr virus in subgingival samples and periodontal status of patients. | accumulating evidence indicates that herpesviruses may be putative pathogens in various types of periodontal diseases. the present study was performed to examine infections with different genotypes of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) in subgingival samples from a chinese population and to analyze the correlation with periodontal status. a nested pcr assay was used to identify the presence of hcmv, ebv type 1 (ebv-1), and ebv-2; and the amplicons were further analyzed by ... | 2007 | 17804655 |
| detection of treponema denticola in saliva obtained from patients with various periodontal conditions. | the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of treponema denticola in saliva of periodontally diseased and healthy patients and its relationship with the periodontal status. a 16s rrna-based polymerase chain reaction detection method was used to determine the prevalence of t. denticola in whole saliva samples from patients with chronic periodontitis (cp, n = 37), aggressive periodontitis (agp, n = 24), and healthy subjects (n = 28). the periodontal status of each subject was assessed by ... | 2008 | 17823835 |
| physiological ecology of stenoxybacter acetivorans, an obligate microaerophile in termite guts. | stenoxybacter acetivorans is a newly described, obligately microaerophilic beta-proteobacterium that is abundant in the acetate-rich hindgut of reticulitermes. here we tested the hypotheses that cells are located in the hypoxic, peripheral region of reticulitermes flavipes hindguts and use acetate to fuel their o(2)-consuming respiratory activity in situ. physical fractionation of r. flavipes guts, followed by limited-cycle pcr with s. acetivorans-specific 16s rrna gene primers, indicated that c ... | 2007 | 17827335 |
| delineation of species-specific binding properties of the cspz protein (bbh06) of lyme disease spirochetes: evidence for new contributions to the pathogenesis of borrelia spp. | borrelia burgdorferi cspz (tigr open reading frame designation, bbh06) is part of a functionally related group of proteins that bind one or more members of the factor h (fh) protein family. in this report we assess the conservation, distribution, properties, and ligand binding abilities of cspz from the three main borrelia species associated with lyme disease infections in humans. cspz (also referred to as bbcrasp-2 in the literature) was found to be highly conserved at the intraspecies level bu ... | 2007 | 17846117 |
| the major outer sheath protein of treponema denticola selectively inhibits rac1 activation in murine neutrophils. | treponema denticola major outer sheath protein (msp) inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro, but key regulatory mechanisms have not been identified. because the rac small gtpases regulate directional migration in response to chemoattractants, the objective was to analyse the effects of msp on formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fmlp)-mediated neutrophil polarization and rac activation in murine neutrophils. msp pretreatment of neutrophils inhibited both polarization and chemotactic migration ... | 2008 | 17868382 |
| structural and biochemical basis for polyamine binding to the tp0655 lipoprotein of treponema pallidum: putative role for tp0655 (tppotd) as a polyamine receptor. | tp0655 of treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, is predicted to be a 40 kda membrane lipoprotein. previous sequence analysis of tp0655 noted its homology to polyamine-binding proteins of the bacterial potd family, which serve as periplasmic ligand-binding proteins of atp-binding-cassette (abc) transport systems. here, the 1.8 a crystal structure of tp0655 demonstrated structural homology to escherichia coli potd and potf. the latter two proteins preferentially bind spermidine and ... | 2007 | 17868688 |
| salivary detection of periodontopathic bacteria in periodontally healthy children. | salivary occurrence of periodontopathic bacteria is of interest especially in children as a risk indicator for the transmission, development and control of periodontal disease. we assessed the prevalence of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia, prevotella intermedia, prevotella nigrescens and treponema denticola as microbial complexes in the saliva of children with mixed dentition and healthy gingiva. | 2008 | 17869137 |
| assessment of cell-surface exposure and vaccinogenic potentials of treponema pallidum candidate outer membrane proteins. | syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochetal bacterium treponema pallidum, remains a global public health problem. t. pallidum is believed to be an extracellular pathogen and, as such, the identification of t. pallidum outer membrane proteins that could serve as targets for opsonic or bactericidal antibodies has remained a high research priority for vaccine development. however, the identification of t. pallidum outer membrane proteins has remained highly elusive. recent ... | 2007 | 17890130 |
| benefits of additional courses of systemic azithromycin in periodontal disease case report. | the strong association of subgingival anaerobic bacteria, such as porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola and tannerella forsythia, with destructive periodontal disease has been well documented in the literature. several double-blind studies have also shown the beneficial use of systemic antimicrobials that are active against these microorganisms in conjunction with conventional periodontal treatment, especially when periodontal abscesses and/or suppuration upon probing are present. four c ... | 2007 | 17891880 |
| genome differences between treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum strain nichols and t. paraluiscuniculi strain cuniculi a. | the genome of treponema paraluiscuniculi strain cuniculi a was compared to the genome of the syphilis spirochete treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum strain nichols using dna microarray hybridization, whole-genome fingerprinting, and dna sequencing. a dna microarray of t. pallidum subsp. pallidum nichols containing all 1,039 predicted open reading frame pcr products was used to identify deletions and major sequence changes in the cuniculi a genome. using these approaches, deletions, insertions, an ... | 2007 | 17893135 |
| identification of a signalling molecule involved in bacterial intergeneric communication. | the development of complex multispecies communities such as biofilms is controlled by interbacterial communication systems. we have previously reported an intergeneric communication between two oral bacteria, streptococcus cristatus and porphyromonas gingivalis, that results in inhibition of fima expression. here, we demonstrate that a surface protein, arginine deiminase (arca), of s. cristatus serves as a signal that initiates intergeneric communication. an arca-deficient mutant of s. cristatus ... | 2007 | 17906122 |
| implant surface analysis and microbiologic evaluation of failed implants retrieved from smokers. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiota and surface of failed titanium dental implants from 4 manufacturers. twelve mobile dental implants were retrieved from 10 smokers after 3 to 10 years of functional loading. before implant removal, microbial samples were taken and evaluated using polymerase chain reaction. after implant removal, analyses of the failed implant surfaces were performed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometer x-ray. periodontal pathoge ... | 2007 | 17912965 |
| effect of adjunctive systemic azithromycin with periodontal surgery in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in smokers: a pilot study. | along with conventional surgical therapy, systemic antibiotics may provide more effective treatment in smokers by targeting tissue-invasive bacteria. the aim of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked clinical trial was to evaluate the adjunctive effects of systemic azithromycin (azm) in combination with periodontal pocket reduction surgery in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in smokers. | 2007 | 17915999 |
| porphyromonas gingivalis hmuy and hmur: further characterization of a novel mechanism of heme utilization. | porphyromonas gingivalis hmuy is a putative heme-binding lipoprotein associated with the outer membrane. it is part of an operon together with a gene encoding an outer-membrane hemin utilization receptor (hmur) and four uncharacterized genes. a similar operon organization was found in bacteroides fragilis and b. thetaiotaomicron, with the former containing an additional hmuy homologue encoded upstream of the hmur-like gene. in p. gingivalis cultured under heme-limited conditions, a approximately ... | 2008 | 17922109 |
| porphyromonas gingivalis hmuy and hmur: further characterization of a novel mechanism of heme utilization. | porphyromonas gingivalis hmuy is a putative heme-binding lipoprotein associated with the outer membrane. it is part of an operon together with a gene encoding an outer-membrane hemin utilization receptor (hmur) and four uncharacterized genes. a similar operon organization was found in bacteroides fragilis and b. thetaiotaomicron, with the former containing an additional hmuy homologue encoded upstream of the hmur-like gene. in p. gingivalis cultured under heme-limited conditions, a approximately ... | 2008 | 17922109 |
| treponema denticola activates mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathways through toll-like receptor 2. | treponema denticola, a spirochete indigenous to the oral cavity, is associated with host inflammatory responses to anaerobic polymicrobial infections of the root canal, periodontium, and alveolar bone. however, the cellular mechanisms responsible for the recognition of t. denticola by the innate immune system and the underlying cell signaling pathways that regulate the inflammatory response to t. denticola are currently unresolved. in this study, we demonstrate that t. denticola induces innate i ... | 2007 | 17923521 |
| polymerase chain reaction of porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia in primary endodontic infections. | the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between endodontic clinical signs and symptoms and the presence of porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia or their association by nested polymerase chain reaction assay. microbial samples were taken from 50 cases with necrotic pulp tissues in primary infections. dna was extracted from the samples, which were analyzed for the presence of three endodontic pathogens by using species-specific primers. p gingiva ... | 2007 | 17931930 |
| structure of arabidopsis thaliana 5-methylthioribose kinase reveals a more occluded active site than its bacterial homolog. | metabolic variations exist between the methionine salvage pathway of humans and a number of plants and microbial pathogens. 5-methylthioribose (mtr) kinase is a key enzyme required for methionine salvage in plants and many bacteria. the absence of a mammalian homolog suggests that mtr kinase is a good target for the design of specific herbicides or antibiotics. | 2007 | 17961230 |
| periodontitis may increase the risk of peripheral arterial disease. | the aim of this case control study was to evaluate whether periodontitis was associated with peripheral arterial disease (pad). | 2008 | 17964192 |
| toll-like receptor 2-mediated interleukin-8 expression in gingival epithelial cells by the tannerella forsythia leucine-rich repeat protein bspa. | tannerella forsythia is a gram-negative anaerobe strongly associated with chronic human periodontitis. this bacterium expresses a cell surface-associated and secreted protein, designated bspa, which has been recognized as an important virulence factor. the bspa protein belongs to the leucine-rich repeat (lrr) and bacterial immunoglobulin-like protein families. bspa is, moreover, a multifunctional protein which interacts with a variety of host cells, including monocytes which appear to respond to ... | 2008 | 17967853 |
| toll-like receptor 2-mediated interleukin-8 expression in gingival epithelial cells by the tannerella forsythia leucine-rich repeat protein bspa. | tannerella forsythia is a gram-negative anaerobe strongly associated with chronic human periodontitis. this bacterium expresses a cell surface-associated and secreted protein, designated bspa, which has been recognized as an important virulence factor. the bspa protein belongs to the leucine-rich repeat (lrr) and bacterial immunoglobulin-like protein families. bspa is, moreover, a multifunctional protein which interacts with a variety of host cells, including monocytes which appear to respond to ... | 2008 | 17967853 |
| novel mechanism for conditional aerobic growth of the anaerobic bacterium treponema denticola. | treponema denticola, a periodontal pathogen, has recently been shown to exhibit properties of a facultative anaerobic spirochete, in contrast to its previous recognition as an obligate anaerobic bacterium. in this study, the capacity and possible mechanism of t. denticola survival and growth under aerobic conditions were investigated. factors detrimental to the growth of t. denticola atcc 33405, such as oxygen concentration and hydrogen sulfide (h(2)s) levels as well as the enzyme activities of ... | 2008 | 17981934 |
| identification of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, treponema denticola and porphyromonas gingivalis within human dental calculus: a pilot investigation. | dental calculus is considered to be simply a "plaque-retentive factor", and therefore only a secondary aetiological factor in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. recent studies have suggested a more active role for calculus. our objective was to demonstrate the presence of periodontal pathogens in the non-mineralised areas of supra- and subgingival dental calculus. | 2007 | 17987882 |
| multiple phospholipid n-methyltransferases with distinct substrate specificities are encoded in bradyrhizobium japonicum. | phosphatidylcholine (pc) is the major phospholipid in eukaryotic membranes. in contrast, it is found in only a few prokaryotes including members of the family rhizobiaceae. in these bacteria, pc is required for pathogenic and symbiotic plant-microbe interactions, as shown for agrobacterium tumefaciens and bradyrhizobium japonicum. at least two different phospholipid n-methyltransferases (pmta and pmtx) have been postulated to convert phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) to pc in b. japonicum by three c ... | 2008 | 17993534 |
| multiple phospholipid n-methyltransferases with distinct substrate specificities are encoded in bradyrhizobium japonicum. | phosphatidylcholine (pc) is the major phospholipid in eukaryotic membranes. in contrast, it is found in only a few prokaryotes including members of the family rhizobiaceae. in these bacteria, pc is required for pathogenic and symbiotic plant-microbe interactions, as shown for agrobacterium tumefaciens and bradyrhizobium japonicum. at least two different phospholipid n-methyltransferases (pmta and pmtx) have been postulated to convert phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) to pc in b. japonicum by three c ... | 2008 | 17993534 |
| identification of prophages in bacterial genomes by dinucleotide relative abundance difference. | prophages are integrated viral forms in bacterial genomes that have been found to contribute to interstrain genetic variability. many virulence-associated genes are reported to be prophage encoded. present computational methods to detect prophages are either by identifying possible essential proteins such as integrases or by an extension of this technique, which involves identifying a region containing proteins similar to those occurring in prophages. these methods suffer due to the problem of l ... | 2007 | 18030328 |
| the correlation between serum immunoglobulin a and immunoglobulin g levels and the presence of treponema denticola in human periapical lesions. | the aim of this study was to compare the serum immunoglobulin a (iga) and immunoglobulin g (igg) levels and the presence of treponema denticola in the root canals in a group of teeth with/without periapical lesion. a total of 66 children aged 8 to 13 years old were involved in this study. five milliliters of blood samples were taken to detect the serum iga and igg levels. sixty-six endodontic samplings were also obtained to determine the presence of t. denticola by polymerase chain reaction. the ... | 2007 | 18037048 |
| the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus evades the host complement system. | the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus causes severe systemic infections and is a major cause of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. a. fumigatus conidia activate the alternative pathway of the complement system. in order to assess the mechanisms by which a. fumigatus evades the activated complement system, we analyzed the binding of host complement regulators to a. fumigatus. the binding of factor h and factor h-like protein 1 (fhl-1) from human sera to a. ... | 2008 | 18039838 |
| the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus evades the host complement system. | the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus causes severe systemic infections and is a major cause of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. a. fumigatus conidia activate the alternative pathway of the complement system. in order to assess the mechanisms by which a. fumigatus evades the activated complement system, we analyzed the binding of host complement regulators to a. fumigatus. the binding of factor h and factor h-like protein 1 (fhl-1) from human sera to a. ... | 2008 | 18039838 |
| assessing the evolutionary rate of positional orthologous genes in prokaryotes using synteny data. | comparison of completely sequenced microbial genomes has revealed how fluid these genomes are. detecting synteny blocks requires reliable methods to determining the orthologs among the whole set of homologs detected by exhaustive comparisons between each pair of completely sequenced genomes. this is a complex and difficult problem in the field of comparative genomics but will help to better understand the way prokaryotic genomes are evolving. | 2007 | 18047665 |
| interspecies interactions within oral microbial communities. | while reductionism has greatly advanced microbiology in the past 400 years, assembly of smaller pieces just could not explain the whole! modern microbiologists are learning "system thinking" and "holism." such an approach is changing our understanding of microbial physiology and our ability to diagnose/treat microbial infections. this review uses oral microbial communities as a focal point to describe this new trend. with the common name "dental plaque," oral microbial communities are some of th ... | 2007 | 18063722 |
| resistance of porphyromonas gingivalis atcc 33277 to direct killing by antimicrobial peptides is protease independent. | antimicrobial peptides are short, positively charged, amphipathic peptides that possess a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and have an important role in the host's innate immunity. lack of, or dysfunctions in, antimicrobial peptides have been correlated with infectious diseases, including periodontitis. porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobe and a major pathogen associated with periodontal diseases, is resistant to antimicrobial peptides of human and nonhuman origin, a feature ... | 2008 | 18086848 |
| resistance of porphyromonas gingivalis atcc 33277 to direct killing by antimicrobial peptides is protease independent. | antimicrobial peptides are short, positively charged, amphipathic peptides that possess a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and have an important role in the host's innate immunity. lack of, or dysfunctions in, antimicrobial peptides have been correlated with infectious diseases, including periodontitis. porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobe and a major pathogen associated with periodontal diseases, is resistant to antimicrobial peptides of human and nonhuman origin, a feature ... | 2008 | 18086848 |
| the buccale puzzle: the symbiotic nature of endogenous infections of the oral cavity. | the indigenous, 'normal', microflora causes the majority of localized infectious diseases of the oral cavity (eg, dental caries, alveolar abscesses, periodontal diseases and candidiasis). the same microflora also protects the host from exogenous pathogens by stimulating a vigorous immune response and provides colonization resistance. how can a microflora that supports health also cause endogenous oral disease? this paradoxical host-symbiont relationship will be discussed within the dynamic of sy ... | 2002 | 18159372 |
| high incidence of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans infection in acute coronary syndrome. | recent epidemiological studies suggest that periodontitis is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease (chd). the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between periodontitis and chd, particularly acute coronary syndrome (acs), focusing on microbiological and immunological features. twenty-eight chd patients, 15 with acs and 13 with chronic chd, were included in this study. coronary angiography, periodontal examination, and dental radiography were performed in all patients. ... | 2007 | 18160759 |
| factors and selenocysteine insertion sequence requirements for the synthesis of selenoproteins from a gram-positive anaerobe in escherichia coli. | selenoprotein synthesis in escherichia coli strictly depends on the presence of a specific selenocysteine insertion sequence (secis) following the selenocysteine-encoding uga codon of the respective mrna. it is recognized by the selenocysteine-specific elongation factor selb, leading to cotranslational insertion of selenocysteine into the nascent polypeptide chain. the synthesis of three different selenoproteins from the gram-positive anaerobe eubacterium acidaminophilum in e. coli was studied. ... | 2008 | 18165360 |
| degradation of complement 3 by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin b inhibits complement activation and neutrophil opsonophagocytosis. | streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin b (spe b), a cysteine protease, is an important virulence factor in group a streptococcus (gas) infection. the inhibition of phagocytic activity by spe b may help prevent bacteria from being ingested. in this study, we examined the mechanism spe b uses to enable bacteria to resist opsonophagocytosis. using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we found that spe b-treated serum impaired the activation of the classical, the lectin, and the alternative complement pa ... | 2008 | 18174338 |
| borrelia burgdorferi uniquely regulates its motility genes and has an intricate flagellar hook-basal body structure. | borrelia burgdorferi is a flat-wave, motile spirochete that causes lyme disease. motility is provided by periplasmic flagella (pfs) located between the cell cylinder and an outer membrane sheath. the structure of these pfs, which are composed of a basal body, a hook, and a filament, is similar to the structure of flagella of other bacteria. to determine if hook formation influences flagellin gene transcription in b. burgdorferi, we inactivated the hook structural gene flge by targeted mutagenesi ... | 2008 | 18192386 |
| phylogenetic characterization and prevalence of "spirobacillus cienkowskii," a red-pigmented, spiral-shaped bacterial pathogen of freshwater daphnia species. | microscopic examination of the hemolymph from diseased daphniids in 17 lakes in southwestern michigan and five rock pools in southern finland revealed the presence of tightly coiled bacteria that bore striking similarities to the drawings of a morphologically unique pathogen, "spirobacillus cienkowskii," first described by elya metchnikoff more than 100 years ago. the uncultivated microbe was identified as a deeply branching member of the deltaproteobacteria through phylogenetic analyses of two ... | 2008 | 18192404 |
| the use of rodent models to investigate host-bacteria interactions related to periodontal diseases. | even though animal models have limitations, they are often superior to in vitro or clinical studies in addressing mechanistic questions and serve as an essential link between hypotheses and human patients. periodontal disease can be viewed as a process that involves four major stages: bacterial colonization, invasion, induction of a destructive host response in connective tissue and a repair process that reduces the extent of tissue breakdown. animal studies should be evaluated in terms of their ... | 2008 | 18199146 |
| the genome of pelotomaculum thermopropionicum reveals niche-associated evolution in anaerobic microbiota. | the anaerobic biodegradation of organic matter is accomplished by sequential syntrophic catabolism by microbes in different niches. pelotomaculum thermopropionicum is a representative syntrophic bacterium that catalyzes the intermediate bottleneck step in the anaerobic-biodegradation process, whereby volatile fatty acids (vfas) and alcohols produced by upstream fermenting bacteria are converted to acetate, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide (substrates for downstream methanogenic archaea). to reveal g ... | 2008 | 18218977 |
| three unique groups of spirochetes isolated from digital dermatitis lesions in uk cattle. | bovine digital dermatitis (bdd) is a severe infectious cause of lameness which has spread through dairy cattle populations worldwide, causing serious welfare and agricultural problems. spirochetes are the main organisms implicated and have previously proven difficult to isolate. this study aimed to isolate and characterise the range of spirochetes associated with bdd in the uk. twenty-three spirochete isolates were obtained from 30 bdd lesions, which by 16s rrna gene and flab2 gene analysis clus ... | 2008 | 18243592 |
| novel ultrastructures of treponema primitia and their implications for motility. | members of the bacterial phylum spirochaetes are generally helical cells propelled by periplasmic flagella. the spirochete treponema primitia is interesting because of its mutualistic role in the termite gut, where it is believed to cooperate with protozoa that break down cellulose and produce h(2) as a by-product. here we report the ultrastructure of t. primitia as obtained by electron cryotomography of intact, frozen-hydrated cells. several previously unrecognized external structures were reve ... | 2008 | 18248579 |
| heavy metal tolerance in stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, non-fermentative gram-negative bacterium widespread in the environment. s. maltophilia sm777 exhibits innate resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. furthermore, this bacterium tolerates high levels (0.1 to 50 mm) of various toxic metals, such as cd, pb, co, zn, hg, ag, selenite, tellurite and uranyl. s. maltophilia sm777 was able to grow in the presence of 50 mm selenite and 25 mm tellurite and to reduce them to elemental selenium (se(0)) and tel ... | 2008 | 18253487 |
| heterologous expression of the treponema pallidum laminin-binding adhesin tp0751 in the culturable spirochete treponema phagedenis. | treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, is an unculturable, genetically intractable bacterium. here we report the use of the shuttle vector pkmr4pemcs for the expression of a previously identified t. pallidum laminin-binding adhesin, tp0751, in the nonadherent, culturable spirochete treponema phagedenis. heterologous expression of tp0751 in t. phagedenis was confirmed via reverse transcriptase pcr analysis with tp0751 gene-specific primers and immunofluorescence anal ... | 2008 | 18263731 |
| a scenario on the stepwise evolution of the genetic code. | it is believed that in the rna world the operational (ribozymes) and the informational (riboscripts) rna molecules were created with only three (adenosine, uridine, and guanosine) and two (adenosine and uridine) nucleosides, respectively, so that the genetic code started uncomplicated. ribozymes subsequently evolved to be able to cut and paste themselves and riboscripts were acceptive to rigorous editing (adenosine to inosine); the intensive diversification of rna molecules shaped novel cellular ... | 2008 | 18267295 |
| a scenario on the stepwise evolution of the genetic code. | it is believed that in the rna world the operational (ribozymes) and the informational (riboscripts) rna molecules were created with only three (adenosine, uridine, and guanosine) and two (adenosine and uridine) nucleosides, respectively, so that the genetic code started uncomplicated. ribozymes subsequently evolved to be able to cut and paste themselves and riboscripts were acceptive to rigorous editing (adenosine to inosine); the intensive diversification of rna molecules shaped novel cellular ... | 2008 | 18267295 |
| genome sequence of the saprophyte leptospira biflexa provides insights into the evolution of leptospira and the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. | leptospira biflexa is a free-living saprophytic spirochete present in aquatic environments. we determined the genome sequence of l. biflexa, making it the first saprophytic leptospira to be sequenced. the l. biflexa genome has 3,590 protein-coding genes distributed across three circular replicons: the major 3,604 chromosome, a smaller 278-kb replicon that also carries essential genes, and a third 74-kb replicon. comparative sequence analysis provides evidence that l. biflexa is an excellent mode ... | 2008 | 18270594 |
| transcriptional regulation of nad metabolism in bacteria: genomic reconstruction of niar (yrxa) regulon. | a comparative genomic approach was used to reconstruct transcriptional regulation of nad biosynthesis in bacteria containing orthologs of bacillus subtilis gene yrxa, a previously identified niacin-responsive repressor of nad de novo synthesis. members of yrxa family (re-named here niar) are broadly conserved in the bacillus/clostridium group and in the deeply branching fusobacteria and thermotogales lineages. we analyzed upstream regions of genes associated with nad biosynthesis to identify can ... | 2008 | 18276644 |
| human serum antibodies recognize treponema denticola msp and prtp protease complex proteins. | treponema denticola outer membrane proteins are postulated to have key roles in microbe-host interactions in periodontitis. because there are no reports of in vivo expression of these putative virulence factors, we examined several t. denticola strains to determine whether sera from human subjects recognized specific t. denticola outer membrane proteins. | 2008 | 18279185 |
| increased interleukin-18 in gingival crevicular fluid from periodontitis patients. | this study aimed to measure the levels of interleukin-18 (il-18) in inflamed shallow sites and inflamed deep sites in patients with periodontitis and to compare the data with results from inflamed shallow sites in patients with gingivitis. a secondary aim was to examine the composition of the subgingival microbiota in the sampled sites. | 2008 | 18279187 |
| etiological analysis of initial colonization of periodontal pathogens in oral cavity. | it is unclear when the initial colonization by periodontal pathogens occurs in the oral cavity. therefore, we report here the association between specific age groups and the time when the initial colonization by periodontal pathogens occurs in the oral cavity in such groups. findings are based on an epidemiological analysis of the prevalence of five periodontal pathogens in the oral cavities of a wide range of age populations, from newborn to elderly, who were randomly selected in a geographic r ... | 2008 | 18287326 |
| beyond good and evil in the oral cavity: insights into host-microbe relationships derived from transcriptional profiling of gingival cells. | in many instances, the encounter between host and microbial cells, through a long-standing evolutionary association, can be a balanced interaction whereby both cell types co-exist and inflict a minimal degree of harm on each other. in the oral cavity, despite the presence of large numbers of diverse organisms, health is the most frequent status. disease will ensue only when the host-microbe balance is disrupted on a cellular and molecular level. with the advent of microarrays, it is now possible ... | 2008 | 18296603 |
| colonization pattern of periodontal bacteria in japanese children and their mothers. | the purpose of this study was to determine the time of infection by anaerobic gram-negative rods associated with periodontal disease, and to clarify their transmission from mother to child. | 2008 | 18302616 |
| microbial changes in patients with acute periodontal abscess after treatment detected by padotest. | to investigate changes in bacterial counts in subgingival plaque from patients with acute periodontal abscess by iai-padotest. | 2008 | 18302679 |
| treponema denticola msp-deduced peptide conjugate, p34bsa, promotes rhoa-dependent actin stress fiber formation independent of its internalization by fibroblasts. | p34(bsa), a bsa conjugate of a synthetic 10-mer peptide deduced from treponema denticola major outer sheath protein (msp), stabilizes actin filaments in fibroblasts and retards cell motility. we reported previously that it is internalized by cells, binds and bundles actin filaments in vitro, and activates rhoa; yet, its site and mechanism of action were not defined. we have assessed p34(bsa)'s modes of interaction with and signaling to fibroblasts. at 4 degrees c, p34(bsa) was not internalized, ... | 2008 | 18330900 |
| a novel treponema pallidum antigen, tp0136, is an outer membrane protein that binds human fibronectin. | the antigenicity, structural location, and function of the predicted lipoprotein tp0136 of treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum were investigated based on previous screening studies indicating that anti-tp0136 antibodies are present in the sera of syphilis patients and experimentally infected rabbits. recombinant tp0136 (rtp0136) protein was purified and shown to be strongly antigenic during human and experimental rabbit infection. the tp0136 protein was exposed on the surface of the bacterial out ... | 2008 | 18332212 |
| mutl homologs in restriction-modification systems and the origin of eukaryotic morc atpases. | the provenance and biochemical roles of eukaryotic morc proteins have remained poorly understood since the discovery of their prototype morc1, which is required for meiotic nuclear division in animals. the morc family contains a combination of a gyrase, histidine kinase, and mutl (ghkl) and s5 domains that together constitute a catalytically active atpase module. we identify the prokaryotic morcs and establish that the morc family belongs to a larger radiation of several families of ghkl protein ... | 2008 | 18346280 |
| oxyr is involved in coordinate regulation of expression of fima and sod genes in porphyromonas gingivalis. | survival of porphyromonas gingivalis in the constantly changing oral environment depends on its ability to alter gene expression. we demonstrate here that p. gingivalis activates superoxide dismutase expression in response to oxidative stress and represses expression of fima, a subunit of major fimbriae. coordinated expression of fima and sod is regulated by the redox-sensing transcription factor oxyr. mutations in the oxyr gene result in a decreased expression of sod and in an elevated expressi ... | 2008 | 18355277 |
| treponema denticola lipooligosaccharide activates gingival fibroblasts and upregulates inflammatory mediator production. | in response to bacterial challenges, fibroblasts, a major constituent of gingival connective tissue, can produce immunoregulatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes that may contribute to tissue destruction and the progression of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting tooth-supporting tissues, including alveolar bone. the spirochete treponema denticola is a major etiological agent of periodontitis and can invade oral tissues. the aim of the present study was to investigate the in ... | 2008 | 18366071 |
| estimating the extent of horizontal gene transfer in metagenomic sequences. | although the extent of horizontal gene transfer (hgt) in complete genomes has been widely studied, its influence in the evolution of natural communities of prokaryotes remains unknown. the availability of metagenomic sequences allows us to address the study of global patterns of prokaryotic evolution in samples from natural communities. however, the methods that have been commonly used for the study of hgt are not suitable for metagenomic samples. therefore it is important to develop new methods ... | 2008 | 18366724 |
| site-specific development of periodontal disease is associated with increased levels of porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia in subgingival plaque. | porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia (previously t. forsythensis), which are regarded as the principal periodontopathogenic bacteria, exist as a consortium in subgingival biofilms. we aimed to examine quantitative relationships between p. gingivalis, t. denticola, and t. forsythia in subgingival biofilms and the relationship between the quantity and prevalence of these three bacteria and site-specific periodontal health. | 2008 | 18380560 |
| evolutionary primacy of sodium bioenergetics. | the f- and v-type atpases are rotary molecular machines that couple translocation of protons or sodium ions across the membrane to the synthesis or hydrolysis of atp. both the f-type (found in most bacteria and eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts) and v-type (found in archaea, some bacteria, and eukaryotic vacuoles) atpases can translocate either protons or sodium ions. the prevalent proton-dependent atpases are generally viewed as the primary form of the enzyme whereas the sodium-transloca ... | 2008 | 18380897 |
| absence of alphavbeta6 integrin is linked to initiation and progression of periodontal disease. | integrin alphavbeta6 is generally not expressed in adult epithelia but is induced in wound healing, cancer, and certain fibrotic disorders. despite this generalized absence, we observed that alphavbeta6 integrin is constitutively expressed in the healthy junctional epithelium linking the gingiva to tooth enamel. moreover, expression of alphavbeta6 integrin was down-regulated in human periodontal disease, a common medical condition causing tooth loss and also contributing to the development of ca ... | 2008 | 18385522 |
| occurrence of herpes simplex virus 1 and three periodontal bacteria in patients with chronic periodontitis and necrotic pulp. | viral and bacterial associations appear to be implicated in the development of periodontal infections. little information is available describing the periodontopathic agents in root canals with necrotic pulp. in this study, the occurrence and the combinations among herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and dialister pneumosintes, tannerella forsythia, and treponema denticola in patients with chronic periodontitis and necrotic pulp were evaluated. clinical samples from healthy subjects and patients ... | 2008 | 18389006 |
| highly conserved surface proteins of oral spirochetes as adhesins and potent inducers of proinflammatory and osteoclastogenic factors. | oral spirochetes include enormously heterogeneous treponema species, and some have been implicated in the etiology of periodontitis. in this study, we characterized highly conserved surface proteins in four representative oral spirochetes (treponema denticola, t. lecithinolyticum, t. maltophilum, and t. socranskii subsp. socranskii) that are homologs of t. pallidum tp92, with opsonophagocytic potential and protective capacity against syphilis. tp92 homologs of oral spirochetes had predicted sign ... | 2008 | 18390996 |
| bleeding on probing differentially relates to bacterial profiles: the oral infections and vascular disease epidemiology study. | various bacterial species are differentially prevalent in periodontal health, gingivitis or periodontitis. we tested the independent associations between three bacterial groupings and gingival inflammation in an epidemiological study. | 2008 | 18400025 |
| effect of glucose on treponema denticola cell behavior. | treponema denticola inhabits the oral subgingival environment and is part of a proteolytic benzoyl-dl-arginine-naphthylamide-positive 'red complex' associated with active periodontal disease. spirochetes have a unique form of chemotactic motility that may contribute to their virulence. chemotaxis is essential for efficient nutrient-directed translocation. | 2008 | 18402610 |
| the role of released atp in killing candida albicans and other extracellular microbial pathogens by cationic peptides. | a unifying theme common to the action of many cationic peptides that display lethal activities against microbial pathogens is their specific action at microbial membranes that results in selective loss of ions and small nucleotides-chiefly atp. one model cationic peptide that induces non-lytic release of atp from the fungal pathogen candida albicans is salivary histatin 5 (hst 5). the major characteristic of hst 5-induced atp release is that it occurs rapidly while cells are still metabolically ... | 2007 | 18404422 |
| antibody levels to single bacteria or in combination evaluated against myocardial infarction. | evidence is accumulating that oral bacteria are associated with myocardial infarctions (mi). we were interested in studying the differences in the association between single bacteria or bacteria in combination and the relation to c-reactive protein (crp). | 2008 | 18410396 |
| genome-wide subcellular localization of putative outer membrane and extracellular proteins in leptospira interrogans serovar lai genome using bioinformatics approaches. | in bacterial pathogens, both cell surface-exposed outer membrane proteins and proteins secreted into the extracellular environment play crucial roles in host-pathogen interaction and pathogenesis. considerable efforts have been made to identify outer membrane (om) and extracellular (ex) proteins produced by leptospira interrogans, which may be used as novel targets for the development of infection markers and leptospirosis vaccines. | 2008 | 18423054 |
| microbial analysis of canals of root-filled teeth with periapical lesions using polymerase chain reaction. | the objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of nine bacterial species in root-filled teeth associated with periapical lesions using a polymerase chain reaction analysis and to correlate these species with clinical features of the cases. dna was extracted from 45 canal samples of root-filled teeth with periapical lesions. a pcr assay using species-specific primers of 16s rdna and the downstream intergenic spacer region was used for microbial detection. enterococcus faecalis ... | 2008 | 18436030 |
| the prevalence of periodontopathogenic bacteria in saliva is linked to periodontal health status and oral malodour. | this study investigated whether an improvement in periodontal health resulted in changes in the prevalence of periodontopathogenic bacteria in saliva and tongue coatings and a reduction in volatile sulfur compounds (vscs: h(2)s and ch(3)sh) linked to oral malodour. the subjects were 35 patients who visited the breath odour clinic of kyushu dental college, japan. their mean age was 51.2+/-18.3 years (mean+/-sd). a clinical examination performed at baseline and 2 months after periodontal treatment ... | 2008 | 18436598 |
| detection of treponema denticola in root canal systems in primary and secondary endodontic infections. a correlation with clinical symptoms. | the aim of the study was to investigate the presence of treponema denticola in primary and secondary root-infected canal systems with periapical pathology and correlations with clinical signs and symptoms. | 2008 | 18437843 |
| a variable gene in a conserved region of the helicobacter pylori genome: isotopic gene replacement or rapid evolution? | the present study concerns the identification of a novel coding sequence in a region of the helicobacter pylori genome, located between jhp1069/hp1141 and jhp1071/hp1143 according to the numbering of the j99 and 26,695 reference strains, respectively, and spanning three different coding dna sequences (cdss). the cdss located at the centre of this locus were highly polymorphic, as determined by the analysis of 24 european isolates, 3 asian, and 3 african isolates. phylogenetic and molecular evolu ... | 2008 | 18442984 |