Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| microbial agents associated with waterborne diseases. | many classes of pathogens excreted in feces are able to initiate waterborne infections. there are bacterial pathogens, including enteric and aquatic bacteria, enteric viruses, and enteric protozoa, which are strongly resistant in the water environment and to most disinfectants. the infection dose of viral and protozoan agents is lower than bacteria, in the range of one to ten infectious units or oocysts. waterborne outbreaks of bacterial origin (particularly typhoid fever) in the developing coun ... | 2002 | 12546197 |
| [studies on the subgenomic rnas of hepatitis e virus]. | through labeling hev rnas with [32p]-phosphate, two subgenomic rnas at 6.5 to 7.5 h post-infection, one subgenomic rna at 8.5 to 10.5 h post-infection and none subgenomic rnas were detected at 21 post-infection or in purified virus. hybridization results illustrated that the hev subgenomic rnas form a 3' nested set which is situated at the 3' end of genome, but their 5' ends do not share a common leader sequence. uv transcription results showed that the hev subgenomic rnas were transcribed indep ... | 2000 | 12549057 |
| aetiology, clinical course and outcome of sporadic acute viral hepatitis in pregnancy. | hepatitis e causes large-scale epidemics in endemic areas. the disease, during epidemics, has increased incidence and severity in pregnant women. sporadic acute viral hepatitis (avh) is common in endemic areas. the relationship of sporadic avh and pregnancy has not been well studied. over a 3-year period we prospectively studied 76 pregnant women and 337 non-pregnant women of childbearing age with sporadic acute viral hepatitis for aetiology, clinical course and outcome of disease. the aetiology ... | 2003 | 12558914 |
| molecular and serological characterization of sporadic acute hepatitis e in a japanese patient infected with a genotype iii hepatitis e virus in 1993. | serum samples collected periodically from a 40-year-old japanese woman who had not travelled abroad and who had contracted sporadic acute hepatitis e in 1993 were semi-quantitatively tested by enzyme immunoassay for igm, iga and igg antibodies to hepatitis e virus (hev). anti-hev igm and iga antibody levels were the highest (1 : 2400 dilution and 1 : 3400 dilution, respectively) on day 9 after the onset of hepatitis and then decreased rapidly in a parallel manner. anti-hev igg antibody levels we ... | 2003 | 12560575 |
| [expression of hepatitis e virus structural gene in e. coli]. | to obtain recombinant antigen for development of vaccine against hepatitis e virus. | 1999 | 12569778 |
| does infection with hepatitis a virus provide protection against hepatitis e virus? | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) share some common epidemiologic features, but the dramatic age-related difference in their disease prevalences suggests that the immune response to hav may provide some cross-protection against hev. | 2003 | 12581608 |
| acute pancreatitis following kidney transplantation - role of viral infections. | acute pancreatitis following renal transplantation is an unusual complication that carries a high mortality. over the last 10 yr, five of 185 patients at our center developed acute pancreatitis. all had live related donors and were on conventional triple drug immunosuppression. pancreatitis was classified according to the computed tomography scan based on atlanta classification. all five patients who developed acute pancreatitis had evidence of symptomatic or serologically active viral infection ... | 2003 | 12588319 |
| [pathogen spectrum in chronic viral hepatitis--hbv, hcv and new candidates]. | 2002 | 12600012 | |
| hepatitis e and its emergence in non-endemic areas. | in areas with a tropical or subtropical climate and poor sanitary conditions, hepatitis e is the major cause of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis, and is responsible for both waterborne outbreaks of variable magnitude and sporadic cases of acute hepatitis. the causative agent is the hepatitis e virus (hev), a non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense rna molecule of approximately 7.2 kb in length. recently, hev strains have been isolated from swine in industrialized countries. ... | 2002 | 12602109 |
| sites of phosphorylation of p and v proteins from hendra and nipah viruses: newly emerged members of paramyxoviridae. | hendra (hev) and nipah (niv) viruses are newly emerged, zoonotic viruses and their genomes have nucleotide and predicted amino acid homologies placing them in the subfamily paramyxoviridae. the polymerase-associated phosphoproteins (p proteins) of paramyxoviruses have been shown, by direct and indirect methods, to be highly phosphorylated. in this study, a comprehensive comparison of in vivo phosphorylation of hev and niv p proteins, derived from virus particles, was achieved by a direct approac ... | 2003 | 12606076 |
| comparison of etiology of sporadic acute and fulminant viral hepatitis in hospitalized patients in pune, india during 1978-81 and 1994-97. | to determine and compare the etiology of sporadic acute and fulminant viral hepatitis in two groups of patients 16 years apart. | 2003 | 12617445 |
| [hepatitis e in tourists to india]. | hepatitis e (he) is a serious problem in developing countries worldwide, affecting in epidemics or as sporadic cases millions of people. hepatitis e virus (hev) is the main cause of enterically transmitted acute viral hepatitis, especially in tropic and subtropic areas. we presented two patients, our citizens who traveled to india, and contracted he. the source of infection was contaminated drinking water in both of them. the diagnosis of he was confirmed by the finding of anti-hev antibodies of ... | 2002 | 12619441 |
| mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis e virus infection. | water borne or enterically transmitted non-a-non-b hepatitis is a major public health problem in india. many of these cases carry fatal outcome. the hepatitis e virus (hev) has been considered to be the most important causative agent of this entity. the severity and fatality rates of hev infection are reported to be rather more in pregnant women. however, there is meager information from india, on mother to child transmission of this agent. | 2003 | 12619951 |
| identification of a genotype iii swine hepatitis e virus that was isolated from a japanese pig born in 1990 and that is most closely related to japanese isolates of human hepatitis e virus. | 2003 | 12624083 | |
| a case report: two patients with fulminant hepatitis e in hokkaido, japan. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has been listed as one of the major agents that cause fulminant hepatitis in hev-endemic areas, but not in non-endemic areas. recently, however, we experienced two cases of fulminant hepatitis e in hokkaido, japan: case-1 was a 34-year-old woman and case-2, a 51-year-old man, neither having a history of travelling outside japan or contact with travellers abroad or foreigners. hev rna was detected in their acute-phase serum and sequencing analyses indicated that they were ... | 2003 | 12644058 |
| sequencing of 'untypable' enteroviruses reveals two new types, ev-77 and ev-78, within human enterovirus type b and substitutions in the bc loop of the vp1 protein for known types. | the n-terminal part of vp1 was sequenced for 43 enterovirus isolates that could not initially be neutralized with lbm pools or in-house antisera. most isolates were found to belong to human enterovirus type a (hev-a) and hev-b (18 isolates of each). all hev-a isolates could be typed by sequencing, with cv (coxsackievirus)-a16 and ev (enterovirus)-71 being dominant (nine and seven isolates, respectively). these types thus seem to have diverged more from their prototypes than the other types. amon ... | 2003 | 12655083 |
| swine hepatitis e virus strains in japan form four phylogenetic clusters comparable with those of japanese isolates of human hepatitis e virus. | japanese patients with sporadic acute hepatitis e are infected with polyphyletic strains of hepatitis e virus (hev). hepatitis e is considered a zoonotic disease. thus far in japan, only three strains of swine hev have been identified and an antibody study for hev antibodies has not been done on japanese pigs. to determine the prevalence of swine hev infection in japan and the extent of genetic variation among japanese swine hev strains, we tested serum samples obtained from 2500 pigs from 2 to ... | 2003 | 12655086 |
| [history of hepatitis. 4. the miracle of molecular biology: the discovery of hepatitis viruses c and e]. | 2003 | 12664841 | |
| [expression of full-length hepatitis e virus structural gene using baculovirus expression system]. | to obtain recombinant baculovirus containing full-length structural gene of hev and to express hev structural protein. | 2002 | 12665904 |
| [hepatitis e and exposure to waste water]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is found in waste water which represents a route of infection. however, the risk for sewage workers is unknown. thus, we aimed at determining the prevalence of anti-hev antibodies in sewage workers from the canton of zurich. the anti-hev antibodies evaluated in 288 subjects with exposure to sewage and 306 controls, a total of 594 subjects. overall, twenty-two (3.7%) subjects had anti-hev, the seroprevalence was similar in those exposed and controls. the most important ris ... | 2003 | 12674585 |
| neutralizing test of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) in fs-l3 cells cultured without serum. | fs-l3 cells, originating from porcine kidney, were used for propagation of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) and development of a virus neutralizing (vn) test. sera of pigs, rats, cows and dogs had vn activities to hev. on the other hand, sera of mice, rabbits, goats, sheep, horses, cats, chickens, hamsters and human did not have measurable vn activities, although these sera had high hi activities. our results support the idea that the vn is a more reliable measure of hev infection ... | 2003 | 12679570 |
| prevalence rates of viral hepatitis infections in refugee kurds from iraq and turkey. | since little is known about the burden of viral hepatitis in kurds, the prevalence of infection with hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis e virus (hev), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) was investigated in a sample of refugee kurds from iraq and turkey. | 2003 | 12682810 |
| molecular investigation of hepatitis e virus infection in patients with acute hepatitis in kathmandu, nepal. | one hundred fifty-four consecutive patients with sporadic acute hepatitis, who were seen at a city hospital in the kathmandu valley of nepal in 1997, were studied. igm antibodies to hepatitis a virus were detected in four patients (3%), igm antibodies to hepatitis b core in four patients (3%), hepatitis b surface antigen in 20 (13%), and hepatitis c virus rna in four patients (3%). igm antibodies to hepatitis e virus (hev) (anti-hev igm) and hev rna were detected in 77 (50%) and 48 (31%), respec ... | 2003 | 12683409 |
| emerging water-borne pathogens. | emerging water-borne pathogens constitute a major health hazard in both developed and developing nations. a new dimension to the global epidemiology of cholera-an ancient scourge-was provided by the emergence of vibrio cholerae o139. also, water-borne enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli ( e. coli o157:h7), although regarded as a problem of the industrialized west, has recently caused outbreaks in africa. outbreaks of chlorine-resistant cryptosporidium have motivated water authorities to reassess ... | 2003 | 12684849 |
| hepatitis viruses and the mapk pathway: is this a survival strategy? | the viruses that cause hepatitis comprise of at least five different agents, which share the ability to cause inflammation and necrosis of the liver. the disease spectrum is quite diverse and the outcome of infection by the different hepatitis viruses can be rationalized based on virus-host cell interactions. new insights into the molecular basis of viral hepatitis reveal that three of these agents - the hepatitis b, c and e viruses (hbv, hcv and hev) modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinas ... | 2003 | 12686421 |
| characterization of japanese swine and human hepatitis e virus isolates of genotype iv with 99 % identity over the entire genome. | the full-length genomic sequences were determined of japanese swine and human hepatitis e virus (hev) isolates (swj13-1 and he-ja1, respectively) with 100 % identity in the partial sequence of open reading frame (orf) 2 (orf2, 412 nt). swj13-1 was isolated from a 4-month-old farm pig born in hokkaido, japan, in 2002 and he-ja1 was recovered from a 55-year-old patient who lived in hokkaido and who had contracted sporadic acute hepatitis e in 1997. both isolates consisted of 7240 nt, excluding the ... | 2003 | 12692290 |
| should hev infected mothers breast feed? | the aim of this study was to determine by a prospective study: the presence of anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) and or hev rna in the colostrum of hev infected mothers; transmission of hev to infants from their mothers by breast-feeding. | 2004 | 12698262 |
| hepatitis e virus epidemiology in industrialized countries. | to determine the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in industrialized nations, we analyzed the excretion of hev strains by the populations of spain, france, greece, sweden, and the united states. twenty of 46 (43.5%) urban sewage samples collected in barcelona from 1994 to 2002 tested positive for hev. we identified 15 hev strains, which were similar to two hev isolates previously described in barcelona in clinical samples and to strains from diverse geographic hev-nonendemic areas. we also i ... | 2003 | 12702225 |
| prevalence of antibody against hepatitis e virus in various species of non-human primates: evidence of widespread infection in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata). | we screened 495 serum samples from 20 species of non-human primates for the antibody against hepatitis e virus (hev). anti-hev igg was detected in 84 of 232 (36.2%) japanese monkeys, 2 of 19 (10.5%) cynomolgus monkeys, 3 of 83 (3.6%) rhesus monkeys, and 1 of 1 (100%) taiwanese monkey, respectively. these results suggest that hev is circulating among monkeys belonging to the genus macaca. a high prevalence of anti-hev igg was observed in japanese macaques (m. fuscata) despite the fact that japan ... | 2003 | 12711819 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis viruses and genotypic distribution of hepatitis b and c viruses in harbin, china. | we carried out a molecular-based epidemiological survey of hepatitis viruses, including hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and hepatitis e virus (hev), in harbin, china. the study population of 358 subjects consisted of 132 healthy blood donors and 226 liver disease patients residing in harbin city and surrounding suburbs. the infection rate of each virus among healthy subjects was 14.4% (19/132) for hbv and 2.3% (3/132) for hcv. in contrast, among liver disease patients, the infe ... | 2003 | 12711821 |
| [hepatitis e]. | 2003 | 12718041 | |
| [hepatitis e]. | 2003 | 12722223 | |
| [an acute hepatitis case domestically infected with a hepatitis e virus whose nucleotide sequence showed a high similarity to that from a domestic swine in japan]. | 2003 | 12722353 | |
| [combined infection of abdominal typhoid and hepatitis a and e]. | 2003 | 12722365 | |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a and hepatitis e virus in urban school children in chennai. | with similar feco-oral mode of transmission of hepatitis a and e viruses, and improving levels of personal hygiene among higher socioeconomic population, periodic surveillance on hav/hev exposure pattern may be of immense public health value. one such attempt was made in tamilnadu, india by analysing the presence of antibodies to hav and hev in 185 healthy children of 6 months to 12 years of age. while anti hav positivity was 96.9% by 12 years of age, anti hev positivity fluctuated between 5.3-1 ... | 2003 | 12736405 |
| hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a positive-stranded rna virus with a 7.2 kb genome that is capped and polyadenylated. the virus is currently unclassified: the organisation of the genome resembles that of the caliciviridae but sequence analyses suggest it is more closely related to the togaviridae. hepatitis e virus is an enterically transmitted virus that causes both epidemics and sporadic cases of acute hepatitis in many countries of asia and africa but only rarely causes disease in more industriali ... | 2003 | 12740830 |
| pre-clinical immunogenicity and efficacy trial of a recombinant hepatitis e vaccine. | we have demonstrated that recombinant hepatitis e vaccine suitable for clinical evaluation was highly immunogenic and efficacious in preventing hepatitis e and even infection in rhesus macaques following intravenous challenge with three different genotypes of hepatitis e virus (hev). two doses of vaccine were essential for optimal protection; the two-dose regimen was more important than the formulation of the vaccine for achieving efficacy. the titers of anti-hev that were protective in this stu ... | 2003 | 12744897 |
| aetiology and prognostic factors in acute liver failure in india. | the early prognostic indicators for acute liver failure in endemic zones for hepatitis e virus have not been determined. all consecutive patients with acute liver failure from a geographically defined region endemic for hepatitis e virus were studied over the period april 1989-april 1996. demographic, clinical and biochemical parameters were recorded at presentation and serum samples were analysed for known viral hepatitis (a-e) markers. multiple parameters were compared in survivors and non-sur ... | 2003 | 12753342 |
| the prevalence of viral hepatitis among the hmong people of northern thailand. | sera from 269 hmong people (102 males and 167 females, with mean age 35.4 years, range 16-63 years) were examined in order to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis virus infection. the seroprevalence rates for hav (hepatitis a virus), hbv (hepatitis b virus), hcv (hepatitis c virus), hdv (hepatitis d virus), hev (hepatitis e virus), hgv (hepatitis g virus) and ttv (tt virus) infection were 87.8% (n=140), 76.0% (n=150), 2.0% (n=150), 0.7% (n=150), 6.5% (n=139), 5.3% (n=94) and 25.6% (n=121) r ... | 2002 | 12757235 |
| etiology of endemic viral hepatitis in urban north india. | this study was carried out to determine the presence of markers of hepatitis viruses in patients with acute liver disease. coinfection of hav, hbv, hcv, and hev was studied. sera from 306 patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute liver disease were tested for the presence of anti-hav antibody, hbsag, anti-hbc antibody, anti-hbs antibody, anti-hcv antibody and igm anti-hev antibody by elisa. liver function tests were correlated with the presence of infection. of the 306 cases, 7 (2.3%) had igm ... | 2002 | 12757236 |
| [detection of igm-antibody to hepatitis g virus and its clinical significance]. | to provide a rapid and early serodiagnostic technique for the patients with hepatitis g virus(hgv). | 1999 | 12759962 |
| localization of swine hepatitis e virus in liver and extrahepatic tissues from naturally infected pigs by in situ hybridization. | the objective of this study was to detect and localize the swine hepatitis e virus (hev) in the liver and extrahepatic tissues from 20 pigs naturally infected with swine hev. | 2003 | 12763377 |
| [sporadic acute hepatitis e in germany: an underdiagnosed phenomenon?]. | hepatitis e virus infection is the leading cause of enterically transmitted hepatitis worldwide. case reports of hepatitis e in individuals in germany so far related to travel to endemic areas. a 33-year-old man presented with painless jaundice. by serology and liver biopsy, no cause of hepatitis could be identified. after discharge transaminases were persistently elevated. serology (igg and igm) confirmed acute hepatitis e. the transaminases declined to normal values within six months. detailed ... | 2003 | 12772055 |
| [prevalence of infections by hepatitis a, b, c and e viruses in two different socioeconomic groups of children from santa cruz, bolivia]. | the epidemiology of hepatitis a, e, b and c was analyzed in 1,393 children living in santa cruz de la sierra, bolivia. they were distributed in two groups according to the social condition. | 2003 | 12781080 |
| influence of rna secondary structure on hev gene amplification using reverse-transcription and nested polymerase chain reaction. | single-stranded rna has the potential to form secondary structures that may result in intrastrand misalignment of repeats and may be responsible for dna mutation. two amplicons obtained from amplification of hepatitis e virus (hev) gene by reverse transcription and nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) were of unexpected size and had the same misalignment. they did not contain the target region between the internal priming sites but contained two fragments flanking the target region joined ... | 2003 | 12829037 |
| musings on hev. | 2002 | 12833698 | |
| sporadic acute hepatitis e of a 47-year-old man whose pet cat was positive for antibody to hepatitis e virus. | we encountered a patient with sporadic acute hepatitis e who had not traveled to areas endemic for hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and may have been infected in japan. the patient was a 47-year-old male who had no history of blood transfusion or contact with travelers to hepatitis e-endemic regions or unspecified individuals. the disease presented with general malaise, fever, and brown urine as chief complaints in april 2002. various hepatitis virus markers were negative, but igm class antibod ... | 2003 | 12850697 |
| detection of immunoglobulin m antibodies to hepatitis e virus by class capture enzyme immunoassay. | the measurement of antibodies to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) has been essential for understanding the epidemiology of hepatitis e. studies to determine the prevalence of hev infections require a reliable serologic assay that is sensitive and specific. it is also important to distinguish the acute from the convalescent phase of an infection; this usually requires the detection of the immunoglobulin m (igm) class of antibody. few enzyme immunoassays (eias) that measure igm anti-hev have been desc ... | 2003 | 12853389 |
| complete genomic sequencing shows that polioviruses and members of human enterovirus species c are closely related in the noncapsid coding region. | the 65 human enterovirus serotypes are currently classified into five species: poliovirus (3 serotypes), human enterovirus a (hev-a) (12 serotypes), hev-b (37 serotypes), hev-c (11 serotypes), and hev-d (2 serotypes). coxsackie a virus (cav) serotypes 1, 11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 24 constitute hev-c. we have determined the complete genome sequences for the remaining nine hev-c serotypes and compared them with the complete sequences of cav21, cav24, and the polioviruses. the viruses ... | 2003 | 12885914 |
| [detection of anti-hev igg and analysis of partial hev rna sequence]. | to investigate hev infection in swine and the genotype relationship between swine and human hev. | 2003 | 12890341 |
| [propagation of hepatitis e virus in several cell lines including human embryo lung diploid cell kmb17]. | to investigate the hepatitis e virus (hev) sensitive cells and its tissue culture conditions. | 2001 | 12901104 |
| [construction of plasmids expressing hepatitis e virus antigen fragments and their combinations]. | several different regions of the hev antigen were expressed in escherichia coli and their immunological characteristics were simply evaluated. | 2000 | 12903405 |
| identification of swine hepatitis e virus (hev) and prevalence of anti-hev antibodies in swine and human populations in korea. | the swine hepatitis e virus (hev) is considered to be a new zoonotic agent due to its close genomic resemblance to the human hev and its ability to infect nonhuman primates. hepatitis caused by hev infection has been a serious public health problem in developing countries. however, recent seroprevalence studies indicate that the hev also circulates in industrialized countries. in this study, a nested reverse transcription (rt)-pcr was developed to detect a part of the swine hev open reading fram ... | 2003 | 12904362 |
| [vaccination of rhesus monkeys with recombinant antigen fragments and protection from hepatitis e virus infection]. | to observe anti-hev igg response to vaccination of recombinant antigen fragments and evaluate its protection from hepatitis e virus infection in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | 2002 | 12905686 |
| [construction of a recombinant human adenovirus expressing the orf2 antigen of hev and immunization of mice by mucosal system]. | to construct a replication-defective recombinant adenovirus expressing the orf2 (112-660aa) antigen of hepatitis e virus (hev) and evaluate its immunization effect in balb/c mice by mucosal inoculation. | 2003 | 12905749 |
| zoonotic transmission of hepatitis e virus from deer to human beings. | zoonosis has been suggested for hepatitis e virus (hev) infection, but so far is based only on indirect evidence. we experienced a series of cases of hev infection among people who had eaten uncooked deer meat 6-7 weeks before. on testing, a left over portion of the deer meat, kept frozen to eat in the future, was positive for hev rna, whose nucleotide sequence was identical to those from the patients. patients' family members who ate none or very little of the deer meat remained uninfected. the ... | 2003 | 12907011 |
| [anti-hev seroprevalence in the area of lecce]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of an enterically transmitted viral hepatitis associated with inadequate hygienic conditions. hepatitis e is endemic in developing countries where it occurs both in sporadic and epidemic form. outbreaks have been reported in different areas of the world. the aim of the present work was to assess the seroprevalence of hev infection in the general population and in different risk groups in the area of lecce. the presence of anti-hev antibodies was asc ... | 2003 | 12910873 |
| sporadic acute or fulminant hepatitis e in hokkaido, japan, may be food-borne, as suggested by the presence of hepatitis e virus in pig liver as food. | among ten patients who contracted sporadic acute or fulminant hepatitis e between 2001 and 2002 in hokkaido, japan, nine (90 %) had a history of consuming grilled or undercooked pig liver 2-8 weeks before the disease onset. we tested packages of raw pig liver sold in grocery stores as food in hokkaido for the presence of hepatitis e virus (hev) rna by rt-pcr. pig liver specimens from seven (1.9 %) of 363 packages had detectable hev rna. partial sequence analyses revealed that the seven swine hev ... | 2003 | 12917455 |
| targeted cleavage of hepatitis e virus 3' end rna mediated by hammerhead ribozymes inhibits viral rna replication. | the 3' end of hepatitis e virus (hev) contains cis-acting regulatory element, which plays an important role in viral replication. to develop specific replication inhibitor at the molecular level, mono- and di-hammerhead ribozymes (rz) were designed and synthesized against the conserved 3' end sequences of hev, which cleave at nucleotide positions 7125 and 7112/7125, respectively. di-hammerhead ribozyme with two catalytic motifs in tandem was designed to cleave simultaneously at two sites spaced ... | 2003 | 12919740 |
| a genotype iv hepatitis e virus strain that may be indigenous to changchun, china. | we sequenced the rna genome of hepatitis e virus (hev) recovered from an acute hepatitis patient living in changchun, china. the hev-ccc220 isolate thus obtained was 7,193 nt in length and contained orf1 (5121 nt, 1706 aa), orf2 (2025 nt, 674 aa), and orf3 (345 nt, 114 aa) plus uncompleted 5' and 3' untranslated regions. when compared with full-genome isolates so far reported, the ccc220 isolate segregated to genotype iv although the nucleotide similarity to the previous genotype iv isolates was ... | 2003 | 12931035 |
| exogenous porcine viruses. | porcine organs, cells and tissues provide a viable source of transplants in humans, though there is some concern of public health risk from adaptation of swine infectious agents in humans. limited information is available on the public health risk of many exogenous swine viruses, and reliable and rapid diagnostic tests are available for only a few of these. the ability of several porcine viruses to cause transplacental fetal infection (parvoviruses, circoviruses, and arteriviruses), emergence or ... | 2003 | 12934944 |
| swine hepatitis e virus: cross-species infection and risk in xenotransplantation. | swine hepatitis e virus (swine hev), a ubiquitous agent recently discovered in pigs, is antigenically and genetically closely related to the human hev. swine hev infection in pigs generally occurs at about 2-3 months of age, and about 80%-100% of the pigs in commercial farms in the usa were infected. swine hev infections have now been recognized in pigs in many other countries of the world. interspecies transmission has been documented, as swine hev infects non-human primates and some strains of ... | 2003 | 12934945 |
| [expression of hepatitis e virus orf3 gene fragment in baculovirus system and its immunological character]. | to express hepatitis e virus (hev) orf3 protein by baculovirus system and provide basis for immunological character research. | 2001 | 12940081 |
| [purification and immunological characterization of hepatitis e virus recombinant chimeric antigen encoded by orf2 fragments and orf3]. | to study immunological characteristics of recombinant chimeric hev antigen. | 2001 | 12940082 |
| infectious aetiology of jaundice among pregnant women in angola. | the contribution of viral hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and malaria to jaundice among pregnant women in luanda, angola, was studied. 20 pregnant women with jaundice (cases) were identified in 2 large maternity hospitals and compared with 40 pregnant women without jaundice (controls). among the cases 6 patients died, whereas no death occurred in the control group (p < 0.001). five spontaneous abortions and 6 stillbirths were also noted among the cases, implying foetal lo ... | 2003 | 12953953 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a, b, c and e virus in adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus. | the hypothesis for this study was that hepatitis virus infection could be associated with diabetes, because of the high frequency of injections. in this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis a, b, c and e viruses in type-1 diabetes mellitus. | 2003 | 12955815 |
| evidence for widespread infection of hepatitis e virus among wild rats in japan. | sporadic cases of hepatitis e have been reported in industrialized countries, including japan. the source of hepatitis e virus (hev) in these patients is unknown, although zoonotic transmission has been suggested. to investigate whether or not rodents might be a reservoir of hev, we conducted an epidemiological survey for the antibody to a recombinant capsid protein of hev using serum samples from wild rodents in japan. one hundred and fourteen of 362 (31.5%) norway rats (rattus norvegicus) and ... | 2003 | 12957199 |
| prevalence of hepatitis virus types b through e and genotypic distribution of hbv and hcv in ho chi minh city, vietnam. | a molecular epidemiological survey of various hepatitis viral infections, including hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis d virus (hdv), was carried out in ho chi minh city, vietnam. this study included of 295 patients with liver disease (234 viral related and 61 non-viral related) and 100 healthy individuals. the infection rates of hbv and hcv in 234 liver disease patients with acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, were 31.2 a ... | 2003 | 12963426 |
| severe hepatitis e virus infection after ingestion of uncooked liver from a wild boar. | 2003 | 12964128 | |
| studies on the hepato-encephalomyelitis virus (hev). | 1954 | 13208494 | |
| acute hepatitis with salmonella paratyphi a and hepatitis e virus coinfection. | 2003 | 14506397 | |
| acute hepatitis e with elevated creatine phosphokinase. | acute hepatitis e is caused by infection with hepatitis e virus, which is endemic in developing countries. recently, the number of cases with acute hepatitis e is increasing in japan due to increased travel to the endemic areas. this paper reports a case of a japanese man with acute hepatitis e who had a history of traveling to south china. serum creatine phosphokinase was elevated on admission without symptoms of muscle damage (isoenzyme mm 100%), and normalized in parallel with resolution of h ... | 2003 | 14518686 |
| use of heteroduplex mobility assays (hma) for pre-sequencing screening and identification of variant strains of swine and avian hepatitis e viruses. | hepatitis e virus (hev), the causative agent of human hepatitis e, is an important public health problem in many developing countries and is also endemic in many industrialized countries including the us. the discoveries of avian and swine hevs by our group from chickens and pigs, respectively, suggest that hepatitis e may be a zoonosis. current methods for molecular epidemiological studies of hev require pcr amplification of field strains of hev followed by dna sequencing and sequence analyses, ... | 2003 | 14519334 |
| full-length sequences of six hepatitis e virus isolates of genotypes iii and iv from patients with sporadic acute or fulminant hepatitis in japan. | ranges of variation and conservation in sequence need to be defined for detecting and genotyping hepatitis e virus (hev). | 2003 | 14555851 |
| evaluation of antibody-based and nucleic acid-based assays for diagnosis of hepatitis e virus infection in a rhesus monkey model. | we have evaluated four hepatitis e virus (hev) specific antibody assays, using sequential samples taken from 86 rhesus monkeys at intervals for up to 86 weeks after they had been infected with different doses of hev. the animals are a common experimental model of hepatitis e. the large collection of sequential samples used avoids uncertainties encountered in previous studies regarding the precise infection status of study subjects and minimizes bias due to the individuality of response to infect ... | 2003 | 14556264 |
| expression of orf2 partial gene of hepatitis e virus in tomatoes and immunoactivity of expression products. | to transfer hepatitis e virus (hev) orf2 partial gene to tomato plants, to investigate its expression in transformants and the immunoactivity of expression products, and to explore the feasibility of developing a new type of plant-derived hev oral vaccine. | 2003 | 14562380 |
| [acquired hepatitis e from eating raw meat]. | 2003 | 14582325 | |
| present state of hepatitis e virus epidemiology in tokyo, japan. | recently studies have reported the possibility that an indigenous hepatitis e virus (hev) exists in japan, but the epidemiological features of hev in japan are inadequate to make a judgment. in order to search the present state of hev infection in japan, we used elisa to test 1033 sera from residents living in tokyo and the tokyo suburbs, for the presence of the antibody against hev. the positive rate of anti-hev igg was 15.4% in all liver disease patients (68 of 440), 3% (6/200) in healthy indi ... | 2003 | 14585392 |
| cloning and expression of cdnas from hepatitis e virus structural gene. | to obtain recombinant antigen for development of anti-hev elisa kit and vaccine against hepatitis e virus infection. | 2003 | 14599945 |
| increased risk of hepatitis e in sewage workers from india. | considering feco-oral transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev), the risk of the infection was assessed among sewage workers. on the basis of the close contact with sewage, the participants (n = 147) were divided into sewage workers (n = 92) and others (n = 55); none used personal protective equipment (eg, coveralls, boots, gloves) age-matched individuals from lower socioeconomic status and without any exposure to sewage were used as controls. igg-anti-hev positivity in enzyme-linked immunosorbent ... | 2003 | 14610398 |
| monoclonal antibodies that neutralize hev recognize an antigenic site at the carboxyterminus of an orf2 protein vaccine. | in order to obtain monoclonal antibodies that might have prophylactic applications and to understand better the immune response to hepatitis e virus (hev), we used phage display to isolate chimpanzee antibodies to hev. the panning antigen was an two open reading frame (orf2) recombinant protein that elicits a broadly protective immune response in vaccinated monkeys. two major antigenic sites were identified on the orf2 protein: one site was not accessible on the surface of infectious virions but ... | 2003 | 14615154 |
| experimental infection of pregnant gilts with swine hepatitis e virus. | to determine the effect of swine hepatitis e virus (hev) infection on pregnant gilts, their fetuses, and offspring, 12 gilts were intravenously inoculated with swine hev. six gilts, who were not inoculated, served as controls. all inoculated gilts became actively infected and shed hev in feces, but vertical transmission was not detected in the fetuses. there was no evidence of clinical disease in the gilts or their offspring. mild multifocal lymphohistiocytic hepatitis was observed in 4 of 12 in ... | 2003 | 14620868 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the first complete hepatitis e virus (hev) genome from africa. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is globally distributed, transmitted enterically and between humans and animals. phylogenetic analysis has identified five distinct hev genotypes. the first full-length sequence of an african strain (chad) is presented and compared to 31 complete hev genomes available, including the fulminant hepatitis strain from india, swine strains and a strain from morocco. the two african strains are more closely related to genotype 1 than to any other genotypes and together they pos ... | 2003 | 14625096 |
| a serological study of intrafamilial spread from patients with sporadic hepatitis e virus infection. | intrafamilial transmission is rare in epidemic hepatitis e; its frequency in sporadic hepatitis e is not known. we followed up 86 household contacts (age range 4-75 years, mean +/- sd 32.4 +/- 15.8; 49 males), who were family members of patients with acute sporadic hepatitis e. of the 86 contacts, 68 (79%) tested negative for igg anti-hepatitis e virus antibodies. four (4.7%) had igm anti-hepatitis e virus antibodies at the time of diagnosis of hepatitis e in the index case; two of these contact ... | 2003 | 14633178 |
| development of nested rt-pcr for the detection of swine hepatitis e virus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and comparison with in situ hybridization. | swine hepatitis e virus (hev) was detected in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from naturally infected pigs by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the results for seminested rt-pcr were compared with those determined by in situ hybridization. the results obtained show that use of xylene deparaffinization, digestion with proteinase k followed by nested rt-pcr is a reliable detection method. swine hev nucleic acid was detected in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embed ... | 2004 | 14656462 |
| protection of cynomolgus monkeys against hev infection by oral administration of recombinant hepatitis e virus-like particles. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important causative agent of enterically-transmitted hepatitis. successful vaccine development is crucial in controlling global hev infection. hev capsid protein, with 111 amino acids truncated at the n-terminus, was efficiently expressed in the baculovirus expression system. expressed protein spontaneously assembled into virus-like particles (vlps) and was released into culture medium. when cynomolgus monkeys were orally inoculated with 10mg of purified rhev vlps, ... | 2004 | 14670318 |
| the orf2 protein of hepatitis e virus binds the 5' region of viral rna. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major human pathogen in much of the developing world. it is a plus-strand rna virus with a 7.2-kb polyadenylated genome consisting of three open reading frames, orf1, orf2, and orf3. of these, orf2 encodes the major capsid protein of the virus and orf3 encodes a small protein of unknown function. using the yeast three-hybrid system and traditional biochemical techniques, we have studied the rna binding activities of orf2 and orf3, two proteins encoded in the 3' struc ... | 2004 | 14671114 |
| acidic ph enhances structure and structural stability of the capsid protein of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is enterically transmitted and endemic to tropical areas of the world. the major capsid protein of hev is porf2 ( approximately 74 kda), encoded by open reading frame 2 (orf2). when expressed in insect cells, it is processed into a approximately 55 kda form (n-porf2). we also generated a mutant, m-porf2, lacking a c-terminal hydrophobic region shown earlier to be required for its homo-oligomerization. circular dichroism was used to measure the secondary structure and stab ... | 2004 | 14672699 |
| features of hepatitis e virus infection in japan. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of acute hepatitis in many developing countries. hev is transmitted principally by the fecal-oral route, and water-borne epidemics are characteristic of hepatitis e. recently, there is growing consensus that hev-associated hepatitis also occurs among individuals in industrialized nations who had no history of travel to endemic areas. zoonotic spread of hev has been suggested as human and swine hev strains are closely related genetically and experimental c ... | 2003 | 14686743 |
| viral hepatitis: new data on hepatitis c infection. | viral hepatitis (vh) is almost as old as human beings, at least as old as known human history. however, the natural history and the epidemiology of the disease has undergone changes during the centuries and even recently we have been facing several new aspects. the estimated global prevalence is around 3-5%, which means that approximately 400 million patients are infected with hepatitis b virus and that there are 170 million infections with hepatitis c virus. the mortality figures are projected ... | 2003 | 14688826 |
| neurotropism of swine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (coronavirus) in mice depending upon host age and route of infection. | mice aged 1, 4 or 8 weeks were inoculated with haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev), strain 67n, by the intracerebral (i.c.), intranasal (i.n.), intraperitoneal (i.p.), subcutaneous (s.c.), intravenous (i.v.) or oral route, with different doses. in 1-week-old mice, mortality and mean time to death were mostly the same regardless of the inoculation route, except for the oral route, which appeared to be the least effective. the virus killed 4-week-old mice readily by all routes of inocu ... | 2004 | 14693125 |
| monitoring for potentially xenozoonotic viruses in new zealand pigs. | shortage of human donor organs for transplantation has prompted evaluation of animals as an alternative donor source. pigs are the most acceptable candidate animals but issues of xenozoonozes remain. despite careful monitoring of high-health-status (hhs) pigs, there is still a risk that their tissues may carry infectious agents. furthermore, pathogens which are significant in xenotransplantation are not necessarily those of veterinary importance. the detection of these potentially transmissible ... | 2004 | 14695679 |
| [hepatitis e virus: current status]. | in areas with tropical or subtropical climate and poor sanitary conditions, hepatitis e is the major cause of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis, and is responsible for both water-borne outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute hepatitis. the causative agent is the hepatitis e virus (hev), a non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense rna molecule of an approximately 7.2 kb length. recently, hev strains have been isolated in swine in industrialized countries. in addition, cases of acu ... | 2003 | 14697167 |
| investigation of the incidence of hepatitis e virus among pregnant women in turkey. | the aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) among pregnant and non-pregnant women in middle anatolia, identify the factors that affect being hev positive and to study the effects of hev positivity on mother and fetus. | 2004 | 14718021 |
| identification of a new strain of hepatitis e virus from an outbreak in namibia in 1995. | endemic circulation of hepatitis e virus (hev) in namibia was suspected from serological data during an outbreak of non-a, non-b hepatitis in rundu in 1995. the source of the outbreak was suspected to be the water supply, which had been compromised approximately 6 months earlier. four hev isolates from four different persons in this outbreak were successfully amplified, sequenced and analysed over a 451 bp region of a subgenomic fragment from the 3' end of the genome in orf2. phylogenetic analys ... | 2004 | 14718623 |
| genetic changes in hepatitis e virus of subtype 1a in patients with sporadic acute hepatitis e in kathmandu, nepal, from 1997 to 2002. | to investigate the genetic changes in hepatitis e virus (hev) strains in the kathmandu valley of nepal, we compared the 412 nt sequence within open reading frame 2 of hev among hev isolates recovered from 16 patients in 1999, 14 patients in 2000 and 38 patients in 2002, and additional isolates recovered from 48 patients in 1997 whose nucleotide sequences have been previously published. all 116 hev-viraemic samples were genotyped as 1 and subtyped further as 1a (n=85, 73 %), 1c (n=29, 25 %) and m ... | 2004 | 14718624 |
| protective efficacy of hepatitis e virus dna vaccine administered by gene gun in the cynomolgus macaque model of infection. | the protective efficacy of a dna vaccine against hepatitis e virus (hev) infection was tested in cynomolgus macaques (cynos) vaccinated with a plasmid containing a full-length hev open-reading frame 2 (orf2) sequence (burmese strain) and subsequently challenged with a heterologous strain of hev (mexican strain). cynos administered vaccine by gene gun developed antibodies to hev (anti-hev), whereas cynos administered vaccine by intradermal injections and cynos administered a mock dna construct di ... | 2004 | 14722891 |
| hepatitis e superinfection produces severe decompensation in patients with chronic liver disease. | the adverse effect of acute hepatitis a in chronic liver disease is well known. the outcome of acute hepatitis e in chronic liver disease has not been extensively studied. the present study aimed to examine the clinical profile and outcome of patients with chronic liver disease and hepatitis e virus (hev) superinfection, and the seroprevalence of hepatitis a and e infections in patients with chronic liver disease and controls in india. | 2004 | 14731121 |
| epidemiology of viral hepatitis in the mediterranean basin. | the prevalence of viral hepatitis is high and remains a serious public health challenge throughout the world. new molecular biology techniques provided a better understanding of the viruses over the last decades. novel therapeutic options seem to be promising but preventing measures including donor screening, immunization against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv), universal use of disposable syringes and implementation of better hygienic conditions play a major role in the cont ... | 2003 | 14737935 |
| porcine circovirus-2 and concurrent infections in the field. | porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) is the necessary cause of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in swine; however, a variety of co-factors, including other infectious agents, are thought to be necessary in the full expression of disease. porcine parvovirus (ppv) was found in the inoculum used in the first experiments to reproduce pmws in gnotobiotic swine. retrospective and prospective studies in the field and laboratory have demonstrated pcv-2 can act synergistically with ppv to enhan ... | 2004 | 14741128 |