Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the developmental decrease in rem sleep: the role of transmitters and electrical coupling. | this mini-review considers certain factors related to the developmental decrease in rapid eye movement (rem) sleep, which occurs in favor of additional waking time, and its relationship to developmental factors that may influence its potential role in brain development. | 2008 | 18517037 |
| cold exposure and sleep in the rat: rem sleep homeostasis and body size. | exposure to low ambient temperature (ta) depresses rem sleep (rems) occurrence. in this study, both short and long-term homeostatic aspects of rems regulation were analyzed during cold exposure and during subsequent recovery at ta 24 degrees c. | 2008 | 18517040 |
| a pilot study of the relationship between bowel habits and sleep health by actigraphy measurement and fecal flora analysis. | we have previously reported that there may be a relationship between bowel habits including functional constipation (fc) and irritable bowel syndrome and sleep health. however, our previous studies were based on only subjective parameters by self-reported questionnaire. the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between bowel habits such as fc and sleep health using objective parameters. sleep health was assessed by actigraphy measurement and bowel habits by fecal flora analysis. t ... | 2008 | 18536515 |
| normal sleep and circadian processes. | the onset of sleep is associated with a variety of changes in both behavioral and physiologic states. sleep is not a uniform state either: it has different stages that affect different areas of the brain and body. nonrapid eye movement sleep stages are as different from rapid eye movement sleep as is wakefulness. circadian rhythms of physiologic systems also impact wake, sleep, sleepiness, and alertness. there are characteristic changes in both sleep patterns and circadian rhythm that occur with ... | 2008 | 18538194 |
| promoter analysis of mammalian clock controlled genes. | the circadian clock is a biological system providing an internal self-sustained temporal framework and adaptation mechanisms to the daily environmental rhythm. one of its behavioral implication in humans is the sleep-wake cycle. the core mammalian circadian clock is a system composed of interacting regulatory feedback loops present in many tissues throughout the body. the core set of circadian clock genes codes for proteins feeding back to regulate not only their own expression, but also that of ... | 2007 | 18546475 |
| sleep and temperature rhythms in two sisters with p102l gerstmann-sträussler-scheinker (gss) disease. | sleep disorders are increasingly recognized in the symptomatology of many neurodegenerative diseases. gerstmann-sträussler-scheinker (gss) disease is a hereditary prion disease featuring cerebellar ataxia, akinetic parkinsonism, pyramidal signs and cognitive decline. | 2009 | 18550428 |
| physiological effects of melatonin: role of melatonin receptors and signal transduction pathways. | melatonin, an endogenous signal of darkness, is an important component of the body's internal time-keeping system. as such it regulates major physiological processes including the sleep wake cycle, pubertal development and seasonal adaptation. in addition to its relevant antioxidant activity, melatonin exerts many of its physiological actions by interacting with membrane mt1 and mt2 receptors and intracellular proteins such as quinone reductase 2, calmodulin, calreticulin and tubulin. here we re ... | 2008 | 18571301 |
| analyzing biological rhythms in clinical trials. | the human body exhibits a variety of biological rhythms. there are patterns that correspond, among others, to the daily wake / sleep cycle, a yearly seasonal cycle and, in women, the menstrual cycle. sine/cosine functions are often used to model biological patterns for continuous data, but this model is not appropriate for analysis of biological rhythms in failure time data. | 2008 | 18571991 |
| how to assess circadian rhythm in humans: a review of literature. | it is well known that seizures of some types of epilepsy tend to occur in patterns. the circadian rhythm may play a significant role in this phenomenon. in animal studies it has been found that seizures in experimental partial epilepsy are probably under the influence of the biological clock. in this review an introduction to the influence of the human circadian rhythm in epilepsy is given. furthermore, the methodology of measuring the circadian rhythm in humans is explored. an overview of widel ... | 2008 | 18588999 |
| indiplon: a nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic for the treatment of insomnia. | to review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy data, and adverse effects of indiplon in the treatment of transient and chronic insomnia in adult and geriatric patients. | 2008 | 18594049 |
| efficacy and clinical safety of ramelteon: an evidence-based review. | ramelteon is a novel hypnotic compound that is fda-approved for the treatment of sleep-onset difficulty. it is a melatonin 1/2 receptor agonist with rapid absorption, extensive first-pass metabolism and an elimination half-life of just over 1h. clinical efficacy data indicate moderate efficacy in reduction of sleep latency in adults of all ages with chronic insomnia, with estimated effect sizes roughly comparable to other standard hypnotic agents. objective studies show minimal increases in tota ... | 2008 | 18603221 |
| sleep and sleep disorders. | sleep is a complex neurological state, with its primary function of providing rest and restoring the body's energy levels. the importance of sleep could be seen from the fact that people spend about one-third of their lifespan in sleep. normal human sleep is divided into non-rapid eye movement (nrem) and rapid eye movement (rem) sleep, and the alteration between nrem and rem occurs about 4-5 times during a night of normal sleep. human nrem sleep could be classified into four stages, namely, stag ... | 2008 | 18610697 |
| a balanced chromosomal translocation disrupting arhgef9 is associated with epilepsy, anxiety, aggression, and mental retardation. | clustering of inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid(a) (gaba(a)) and glycine receptors at synapses is thought to involve key interactions between the receptors, a "scaffolding" protein known as gephyrin and the rhogef collybistin. we report the identification of a balanced chromosomal translocation in a female patient presenting with a disturbed sleep-wake cycle, late-onset epileptic seizures, increased anxiety, aggressive behavior, and mental retardation, but not hyperekplexia. fine mapping of the ... | 2009 | 18615734 |
| whose recovery, of what? relationships and environments promoting grief and growth. | this article explores the concept of recovery in the wake of a loved one's death, using a cultural and developmental systems approach to understanding child, adult, and family bereavement outcomes as evolving, interdependent adaptive responses to changed circumstances of development within highly specific contexts in intergenerational time and cultural space. an integrative life span perspective on developmental psychopathology and resilience emphasizes the multi-dimensional nature of grief resp ... | 2008 | 18652065 |
| melatonin receptor agonists: sar and applications to the treatment of sleep-wake disorders. | melatonin (n-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is synthesized and released by the pineal gland following a circadian rhythm characterized by high levels during the night. it shows several pharmacological effects on diverse cellular and animal models, mainly related to either its antioxidant activity or to its ability to activate specific receptors (mtr). melatonin is widely used as a self-administered food additive, but its therapeutic potential needs more investigation and is hampered by its poor pha ... | 2008 | 18673165 |
| histamine h3 antagonists as wake-promoting and pro-cognitive agents. | the histamine h3 receptor is a pre-synaptic auto- and hetero-receptor that controls the release of histamine and a variety of other neurotransmitters in the brain. as such, modulation of the histamine h(3) receptor is expected to affect wake via control of the release of histamine and to affect cognition via regulation of several other neurotransmitters including acetylcholine and norepinephrine. over the last several years numerous pre-clinical studies have shown that histamine h3 antagonists p ... | 2008 | 18673168 |
| doctors, disease and james joyce. | the irish author james joyce is regarded as the greatest modernist writer of his time. his works, notably the dead, a portrait of the artist as a young man, ulysses and finnegans wake--are intensely autobiographic including meticulous descriptions of illness and states of health--no surprise in view of joyce's medical history and hypochondria. the dead revolves around the tragic love of a doomed tubercular youth. ulysses has a graphic description of mary joyce-s death, a funeral and a birth; ste ... | 2008 | 18704219 |
| phase shift from a coral to a corallimorph-dominated reef associated with a shipwreck on palmyra atoll. | coral reefs can undergo relatively rapid changes in the dominant biota, a phenomenon referred to as phase shift. various reasons have been proposed to explain this phenomenon including increased human disturbance, pollution, or changes in coral reef biota that serve a major ecological function such as depletion of grazers. however, pinpointing the actual factors potentially responsible can be problematic. here we show a phase shift from coral to the corallimorpharian rhodactis howesii associated ... | 2008 | 18714355 |
| early morning executive functioning during sleep deprivation is compromised by a period3 polymorphism. | to contrast the effects of total sleep deprivation (tsd) on executive and non-executive function in volunteers homozygous for either the short or long variant of a variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in periods, which is a genetic marker for susceptibility to the negative effect of sleep loss on waking performance. | 2008 | 18714788 |
| sleep deprivation decreases binding of [11c]raclopride to dopamine d2/d3 receptors in the human brain. | sleep deprivation did not affect dopamine transporters (target for most wake-promoting medications) and thus dopamine increases are likely to reflect increases in dopamine cell firing and/or release rather than decreases in dopamine reuptake. because dopamine-enhancing drugs increase wakefulness, we postulate that dopamine increases after sleep deprivation is a mechanism by which the brain maintains arousal as the drive to sleep increases but one that is insufficient to counteract behavioral and ... | 2008 | 18716203 |
| [the neuropathology of sleep in human neurodegenerative diseases]. | the neuropathology of human sleep remains an ill-defined issue. the data concerning the main structures of human brain areas involved, or supposed to be implicated, in sleep organisation are reviewed. five levels of organisation can be schematically recognized: (i) the ascending arousal system, (ii) the non rem and rem systems (iii) regulated by hypothalamic areas, (iv) and the biological clock, (v) modulated by a number of "allostatic" influences. these are briefly described, with emphasis on t ... | 2008 | 18760429 |
| circadian rhythm of wrist temperature in normal-living subjects a candidate of new index of the circadian system. | most circadian rhythms are under the control of a major pacemaker located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. some of these rhythms, called marker rhythms, serve to characterize the timing of the internal temporal order. a marker rhythm, (e.g., one used in chronotherapy) has to be periodic and easy to measure over long periods using non-invasive methods. the most frequent reference variables for human chronotherapy include salivary melatonin or cortisol, urinary 6-sulfatoximelatonin, ac ... | 2008 | 18761026 |
| the impact of scaling-up prevention of mother-to-child transmission (pmtct) of hiv infection on the human resource requirement: the need to go beyond numbers. | although the mother-to-child transmission (mtct) contributes only 5% of transmission of hiv infection, its impact has reversed the decline in infant and child mortality rates. with antenatal service coverage of over 90%, the integration of prevention of mtct (pmtct) of hiv infection into the reproductive and child health (rch) services in tanzania, this is likely to overstretch the staff capacity and undermine the already compromised quality of health care services. a retrospective study was con ... | 2010 | 18770876 |
| human responses to the geophysical daily, annual and lunar cycles. | collectively the daily, seasonal, lunar and tidal geophysical cycles regulate much of the temporal biology of life on earth. the increasing isolation of human societies from these geophysical cycles, as a result of improved living conditions, high-quality nutrition and 24/7 working practices, have led many to believe that human biology functions independently of them. yet recent studies have highlighted the dominant role that our circadian clock plays in the organisation of 24 hour patterns of b ... | 2008 | 18786384 |
| sleep architecture in unrestrained rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) synchronized to 24-hour light-dark cycles. | to characterize the sleep patterns of unrestrained, diurnal nonhuman primates entrained to 24-hour light-dark cycles. | 2008 | 18788649 |
| basic science review on circadian rhythm biology and circadian sleep disorders. | the sleep-wake cycle displays a characteristic 24-hour periodicity, providing an opportunity to dissect the endogenous circadian clock through the study of aberrant behaviour. this article surveys the properties of circadian clocks, with emphasis on mammals. information was obtained from searches of peer-reviewed literature in the pubmed database. features that are highlighted include the known molecular components of clocks, their entrainment by external time cues and the output pathways used b ... | 2008 | 18797559 |
| treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders with light. | the human circadian system is normally synchronised with the solar day, insuring that alertness and performance peak during daytime hours and consolidated sleep occurs during the night. in circadian rhythm sleep disorders, the pattern of sleep-wake is misaligned with the patient's circadian system or the external environment, resulting in insomnia, fatigue, and deterioration in performance. appropriately-timed exposure to bright light can reset the timing of sleep and wake to the desired times, ... | 2008 | 18797560 |
| the search for circadian clock components in humans: new perspectives for association studies. | individual circadian clocks entrain differently to environmental cycles (zeitgebers, e.g., light and darkness), earlier or later within the day, leading to different chronotypes. in human populations, the distribution of chronotypes forms a bell-shaped curve, with the extreme early and late types _ larks and owls, respectively _ at its ends. human chronotype, which can be assessed by the timing of an individual's sleep-wake cycle, is partly influenced by genetic factors - known from animal exper ... | 2008 | 18797707 |
| phase advancing the human circadian clock with blue-enriched polychromatic light. | previous studies have shown that the human circadian system is maximally sensitive to short-wavelength (blue) light. whether this sensitivity can be utilized to increase the size of phase shifts using light boxes and protocols designed for practical settings is not known. we assessed whether bright polychromatic lamps enriched in the short-wavelength portion of the visible light spectrum could produce larger phase advances than standard bright white lamps. | 2009 | 18805055 |
| fatal insomnia and agrypnia excitata: sleep and the limbic system. | fatal familial insomnia, a human prion disease, morvan's chorea, an autoimmune limbic encephalopathy, and delirium tremens, the well-known alcohol (or benzodiazepine [bdz]) withdrawal syndrome, share a clinical phenotype largely consisting in an inability to sleep associated with motor and autonomic activation. agrypnia excitata is the term which aptly defines this clinical condition, whose pathogenetic mechanism consists in an intralimbic disconnection releasing the hypothalamus and brainstem r ... | 2008 | 18805303 |
| sleep deprivation in a quantitative physiologically based model of the ascending arousal system. | a physiologically based quantitative model of the human ascending arousal system is used to study sleep deprivation after being calibrated on a small set of experimentally based criteria. the model includes the sleep-wake switch of mutual inhibition between nuclei which use monoaminergic neuromodulators, and the ventrolateral preoptic area. the system is driven by the circadian rhythm and sleep homeostasis. we use a small number of experimentally derived criteria to calibrate the model for sleep ... | 2008 | 18805427 |
| [development of intellect, emotion, and intentions, and their neuronal systems]. | intellect, emotion and intentions, the major components of the human mentality, are neurologically correlated to memory and sensorimotor integration, the neuronal system consisting of the amygdale and hypothalamus, and motivation and learning, respectively. development of these neuronal processes was evaluated by correlating the pathophysiologies of idiopathic developmental neuropsychiatric disorders and developmental courses of sleep parameters, sleep-wake rhythm (swr), and locomotion. the memo ... | 2008 | 18807935 |
| therapeutic actions of melatonin in cancer: possible mechanisms. | melatonin is a phylogenetically well-preserved molecule with diverse physiological functions. in addition to its well-known regulatory control of the sleep/wake cycle, as well as circadian rhythms generally, melatonin is involved in immunomodulation, hematopoiesis, and antioxidative processes. recent human and animal studies have now shown that melatonin also has important oncostatic properties. both at physiological and pharmacological doses melatonin exerts growth inhibitory effects on breast ... | 2008 | 18815150 |
| variant between cpt1b and chkb associated with susceptibility to narcolepsy. | narcolepsy (hypocretin deficiency), a sleep disorder characterized by sleepiness, cataplexy and rapid eye movement (rem) sleep abnormalities, is tightly associated with hla-drb1*1501 (m17378) and hla-dqb1*0602 (m20432). susceptibility genes other than those in the hla region are also likely involved. we conducted a genome-wide association study using 500k snp microarrays in 222 japanese individuals with narcolepsy and 389 japanese controls, with replication of top hits in 159 japanese individual ... | 2008 | 18820697 |
| circadian phase-shifting effects of repeated ramelteon administration in healthy adults. | to assess the ability of repeated daily oral ramelteon to facilitate re-entrainment of human circadian rhythms after an imposed phase advance of the sleep-wake cycle. | 2008 | 18853704 |
| idiopathic central sleep apnoea syndrome treated with zolpidem. | we report the case of a 47-year-old man with idiopathic central sleep apnoeas recurring during wake-sleep transitions at night or at diurnal naps. symptoms associated with central apnoeas were sudden awakening with shortness of breath, sleep fragmentation and daytime tiredness. following the failure of cpap and bipap, we treated the patient with zolpidem which reduced central apnoea events, improved sleep and eliminated the patient's nocturnal disturbing symptoms. beneficial effects were still p ... | 2008 | 18941940 |
| not to wake a sleeping giant: new insights into host-pathogen interactions identify new targets for vaccination against latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the worlds' most successful and sophisticated pathogens. it is estimated that over 2 billion people today harbour latent m. tuberculosis infection without any clinical symptoms. as most new cases of active tuberculosis (tb) arise from this (growing) number of latently infected individuals, urgent measures to control tb reactivation are required, including post-exposure/therapeutic vaccines. the current bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine and all new generat ... | 2008 | 18953716 |
| transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis c virus through liver transplantation. | in november 2007, a liver transplant recipient was confirmed to have human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis c (hcv) infection after the organ procurement agency notified our institution that the donor has been hiv and hcv positive. we reviewed medical records and the collected blood sample results for hiv and hcv testing. a 66 year old female with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis underwent liver transplantation. the donor was a male who had sex with men who received multiple bloo ... | 2008 | 18975294 |
| mosquitoes and bednets: testing the spatial positioning of insecticide on nets and the rationale behind combination insecticide treatments. | the recent development of pyrethroid resistance of operational significance in anopheles gambiae s.l. is a major threat to the control of malaria in west africa. the so-called '2-in-1' bednet, in which the top of the net is treated with a non-pyrethroid insecticide and the sides with pyrethroid, has been proposed as a way of maintaining efficacy in the wake of such resistance. a host-seeking female anopheles mosquito must contact both the top and sides of a '2-in-1' net, however, for such nets t ... | 2008 | 19000389 |
| progress & prospects: gene therapy in aging. | studies performed on various experimental model systems indicate that genetic interventions can increase longevity, even if in a highly protected laboratory condition. generally, such interventions required partial or complete switching off of the gene and inhibiting the activity of its gene products, which normally have other well-defined roles in metabolic processes. overexpression of some genes, such as stress response and antioxidant genes, in some model systems also extends their longevity. ... | 2009 | 19005494 |
| general anesthetics effects on circadian temporal structure: an update. | disruptions of circadian and biological rhythms as well as general anesthesia can induce sleep disorders, resulting in an increase in sleepiness and drowsiness and a decrease in vigilance. it has been previously shown that circadian time can influence the pharmacologic sensitivity and the duration of action of general anesthetics. studies on interactions between general anesthesia and circadian rhythms are few, but all of them suggest an important role of general anesthetics on circadian rhythms ... | 2008 | 19005891 |
| ethical and methodological standards for laboratory and medical biological rhythm research. | the main objectives of this article are to update the ethical standards for the conduct of human and animal biological rhythm research and recommend essential elements for quality chronobiological research information, which should be especially useful for new investigators of the rhythms of life. a secondary objective is to provide for those with an interest in the results of chronobiology investigations, but who might be unfamiliar with the field, an introduction to the basic methods and stand ... | 2008 | 19005901 |
| expression profiles of period1, 2, and 3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from older subjects. | circadian clocks regulate daily rhythms of behavior and physiology such as the sleep-wake cycle and hormonal secretion. numerous characteristics of the behavioral and physiological processes change with age. in this study, we evaluated the circadian clockwork in older people by measuring daily profiles of period (per) gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). | 2009 | 19013183 |
| reduced brain gaba in primary insomnia: preliminary data from 4t proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1h-mrs). | both basic and clinical data suggest a potential significant role for gaba in the etiology and maintenance of primary insomnia (pi). proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1h-mrs) can non-invasively determine gaba levels in human brain. our objective was to assess gaba levels in unmedicated individuals with pi, using 1h-mrs. | 2008 | 19014069 |
| post-disaster mental health need assessment surveys - the challenge of improved future research. | disasters are very common occurrences, becoming increasingly prevalent throughout the world. the number of natural disasters either affecting more than 100 people or resulting in a call for international assistance, increased from roughly 100 per year worldwide in the late 1960s, to over 500 per year in the past decade. population growth, environmental degradation, and global warming all play parts in accounting for these increases. there is also the possibility of a pandemic. this paper and ass ... | 2008 | 19035436 |
| mutant prion protein expression causes motor and memory deficits and abnormal sleep patterns in a transgenic mouse model. | a familial form of creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd) is linked to the d178n/v129 prion protein (prp) mutation. tg(cjd) mice expressing the mouse homolog of this mutant prp synthesize a misfolded form of the mutant protein, which is aggregated and protease resistant. these mice develop clinical and pathological features reminiscent of cjd, including motor dysfunction, memory impairment, cerebral prp deposition, and gliosis. tg(cjd) mice also display electroencephalographic abnormalities and severe ... | 2008 | 19038218 |
| night waking in 6-month-old infants and maternal depressive symptoms. | relations between night waking in infants and depressive symptoms in their mothers at 6 months postpartum were examined using the data from the national institute for child health and human development study of early child care. although more depressive symptoms were only weakly correlated with a higher frequency of infant waking, longer wake times, and more total time awake, the rate of clinically significant depression scores was about double in mothers of chronically waking infants in compari ... | 2007 | 19050747 |
| genotype-dependent differences in sleep, vigilance, and response to stimulants. | to better understand the neurobiology of sleep disorders, detailed understanding of circadian and homeostatic sleep-wake regulation in healthy volunteers is mandatory. sleep physiology and the repercussions of experimentally-induced sleep deprivation on sleep and waking electroencephalogram (eeg), vigilance and subjective state are highly variable, even in healthy individuals. accumulating evidence suggests that many aspects of normal sleep-wake regulation are at least in part genetically contro ... | 2008 | 19075716 |
| the use of a clinical utility index to compare insomnia compounds: a quantitative basis for benefit-risk assessment. | the use of a clinical utility index (cui) was proposed in order to compare two calcium channel alpha2delta ligands that were in development for the treatment of insomnia. the important attributes included in the cui were two measures of residual sedation and five measures of efficacy (wake after sleep onset, sleep quality, sleep latency, and sleep stages (stage 1 and stages 3-4)). dose-response analyses were conducted on each end point, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine a cli ... | 2009 | 19078947 |
| a new strategy to analyze possible association structures between dynamic nocturnal hormone activities and sleep alterations in humans. | the human sleep process shows dynamic alterations during the night. methods are needed to examine whether and to what extent such alterations are affected by internal, possibly time-dependent, factors, such as endocrine activity. in an observational study, we examined simultaneously sleep eeg and nocturnal levels of renin, growth hormone (gh), and cortisol (between 2300 and 0700) in 47 healthy volunteers comprising 24 women (41.67 +/- 2.93 yr of age) and 23 men (37.26 +/- 2.85 yr of age). hormon ... | 2009 | 19144755 |
| genetic variation in 5httlpr is associated with emotional resilience. | emotional resilience can be defined as the ability to maintain healthy and stable levels of psychological functioning in the wake of stress and trauma. although genes that contribute to psychopathology (often in interaction with environmental stressors) are being detected with increasing consistency, genes that influence resilience to stress have been less studied. in this study, 423 undergraduate college students completed a psychometrically sound 10-item self-report measure of resilience (cdri ... | 2009 | 19152387 |
| activity of pontine neurons during sleep and cataplexy in hypocretin knock-out mice. | narcolepsy is a human sleep disorder resulting from the loss of neurons containing the neuropeptide orexin, also known as hypocretin. cataplexy, which is a sudden loss of muscle tone during waking, is an important diagnostic symptom of narcolepsy. in humans and canines with narcolepsy, cataplexy is considered to be a separate and distinct behavioral state. however, in the mouse model of the disease this issue is not resolved. the present study monitored the activity of forty four neurons in the ... | 2009 | 19193905 |
| a potential role of endogenous progesterone in modulation of gh, prolactin and thyrotrophin secretion during normal menstrual cycle. | previous studies investigating the fluctuations of endocrine secretion across the menstrual cycle yielded inconsistent results. our objective was to evaluate during the menstrual cycle the potential role of endogenous oestradiol and progesterone in the regulation of hormones primarily controlled by the circadian clock and/or the sleep-wake cycle. | 2009 | 19222493 |
| decreased csf histamine in narcolepsy with and without low csf hypocretin-1 in comparison to healthy controls. | to examine whether cerebrospinal fluid (csf) histamine contents are altered in human narcolepsy and whether these alterations are specific to hypocretin deficiency, as defined by low csf hypocretin-1. | 2009 | 19238804 |
| expression of orexin a and its receptor 1 in the choroid plexuses from buffalo brain. | the hypothalamic peptide orexin a, deriving from the proteolytic cleavage of the precursor molecule prepro-orexin, has a wide range of physiological effects including the regulation of feeding behaviour, neuroendocrine functions, sleep-wake cycle, and energy homeostasis. lowered excretion of orexin a into the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) plays a pathological role in animal and human narcolepsy. altered levels of orexin a into the csf have been also found in numerous disorders of the central nervous ... | 2009 | 19250669 |
| acute hypotension in a patient undergoing posttraumatic cervical spine fusion with somatosensory and motor-evoked potential monitoring while under total intravenous anesthesia: a case report. | hypotension should be vigilantly prevented in patients with spinal cord injury. recent advances in neurological, intraoperative monitoring techniques have allowed certified registered nurse anesthetists to assess the effects of spinal cord ischemia and compression as they occur. this case report describes a young, healthy man who sustained a cervical spine fracture and was scheduled for anterior spinal fusion with somatosensory and motor-evoked potential (mep) monitoring while under total intrav ... | 2009 | 19263827 |
| early adverse rearing experiences alter sleep-wake patterns and plasma cortisol levels in juvenile rhesus monkeys. | monkeys separated from their mothers soon after birth and raised with peers display many disturbances in emotional behavior that are similar to human mood and anxiety disorders. in addition to emotional disturbances, both mood and anxiety disorders are often characterized by disruptions in normal sleep-wake cycles, a behavior that has not been well characterized in adversely reared non-human primates. because polysomnographic measures are difficult to obtain in unrestrained monkeys we used 24-h ... | 2009 | 19268477 |
| gamma activity and reactivity in human thalamic local field potentials. | depth recordings in patients with parkinson's disease on dopaminergic therapy have revealed a tendency for oscillatory activity in the basal ganglia that is sharply tuned to frequencies of approximately 70 hz and increases with voluntary movement. it is unclear whether this activity is essentially physiological and whether it might be involved in arousal processes. here we demonstrate an oscillatory activity with similar spectral characteristics and motor reactivity in the human thalamus. depth ... | 2009 | 19291224 |
| effects of modafinil on dopamine and dopamine transporters in the male human brain: clinical implications. | modafinil, a wake-promoting drug used to treat narcolepsy, is increasingly being used as a cognitive enhancer. although initially launched as distinct from stimulants that increase extracellular dopamine by targeting dopamine transporters, recent preclinical studies suggest otherwise. | 2009 | 19293415 |
| the cycle of genome-directed medicine. | the genome era in medicine is upon us. questions that arise from patient and family care are a watershed for research and technology, which in turn fuel the cycle of opportunity for impact through delivery of health services, which feeds back to families. medical infrastructure needs to adapt to the dramatic pace of technology development in the wake of the human genome project, in order for genome data to be delivered as information and applied as knowledge to benefit health. | 2009 | 19341487 |
| feeding-elicited cataplexy in orexin knockout mice. | mice lacking orexin/hypocretin signaling have sudden episodes of atonia and paralysis during active wakefulness. these events strongly resemble cataplexy, episodes of sudden muscle weakness triggered by strong positive emotions in people with narcolepsy, but it remains unknown whether murine cataplexy is triggered by positive emotions. to determine whether positive emotions elicit murine cataplexy, we placed orexin knockout (ko) mice on a scheduled feeding protocol with regular or highly palatab ... | 2009 | 19362119 |
| lung evolution as a cipher for physiology. | in the postgenomic era, we need an algorithm to readily translate genes into physiologic principles. the failure to advance biomedicine is due to the false hope raised in the wake of the human genome project (hgp) by the promise of systems biology as a ready means of reconstructing physiology from genes. like the atom in physics, the cell, not the gene, is the smallest completely functional unit of biology. trying to reassemble gene regulatory networks without accounting for this fundamental fea ... | 2009 | 19366785 |
| circadian timing of rem sleep is coupled to an oscillator within the dorsomedial suprachiasmatic nucleus. | sleep is consistently concentrated to a specific time of the day. its timing and consolidation depend on the interplay between a homeostatic and a circadian process of sleep regulation [1-3]. sleep propensity rises as a homeostatic response to increasing wake time, whereas a circadian clock determines the specific time when sleep will probably occur. this two-process regulation of sleep also determines which specific sleep stage will be manifested, and the circadian process governs tightly the m ... | 2009 | 19375313 |
| sleep and rest facilitate implicit memory in a visual search task. | several forms of learning have been demonstrated to show improvements with sleep. based on rodent models, it has been suggested that replay of waking events in the hippocampus during sleep may underlie memory consolidation in humans. however, behavioral data for the role of sleep in human hippocampal-related memory have been inconsistent. to further investigate the role of sleep in hippocampal-mediated learning, we tested subjects in two sessions of a contextual cueing paradigm, a form of hippoc ... | 2009 | 19379769 |
| genomic variation in a global village: report of the 10th annual human genome variation meeting 2008. | the centre for applied genomics of the hospital for sick children and the university of toronto hosted the 10th human genome variation (hgv) meeting in toronto, canada, in october 2008, welcoming about 240 registrants from 34 countries. during the 3 days of plenary workshops, keynote address, and poster sessions, a strong cross-disciplinary trend was evident, integrating expertise from technology and computation, through biology and medicine, to ethics and law. single nucleotide polymorphisms (s ... | 2009 | 19384970 |
| the evolution of best ethical practices in human research. | ideally, best practices in human research would evolve quickly in the wake of new ethical challenges, but in reality such challenges sometimes evoke procrustean new oversight requirements that benefit neither human subjects nor science. the rapid advance of new topics, methods and ethical challenges in human research inevitably raises questions about the appropriateness of time-honored research practices, and about the most intelligent application of ethical principles to these new contexts. suc ... | 2006 | 19385860 |
| homeostatic sleep pressure and responses to sustained attention in the suprachiasmatic area. | throughout the day, cognitive performance is under the combined influence of circadian processes and homeostatic sleep pressure. some people perform best in the morning, whereas others are more alert in the evening. these chronotypes provide a unique way to study the effects of sleep-wake regulation on the cerebral mechanisms supporting cognition. using functional magnetic resonance imaging in extreme chronotypes, we found that maintaining attention in the evening was associated with higher acti ... | 2009 | 19390047 |
| a computational method for analysis of underwater dolphin kick hydrodynamics in human swimming. | we present a new method that combines the use of laser body scans, underwater video footage, software-based animation, and a fully unsteady computational fluid dynamics technique to simulate and examine the hydrodynamics of the dolphin kick. the focus of the current work is to model this particular stroke in all its complexity with minimal ad-hoc assumptions or simplifications. simulations of one female and one male swimmer (both at about 1.7 m beneath the water surface) at velocities of 0.95 an ... | 2009 | 19391495 |
| potential formulation of sleep dynamics. | a physiologically based model of the mechanisms that control the human sleep-wake cycle is formulated in terms of an equivalent nonconservative mechanical potential. the potential is analytically simplified and reduced to a quartic two-well potential, matching the bifurcation structure of the original model. this yields a dynamics-based model that is analytically simpler and has fewer parameters than the original model, allowing easier fitting to experimental data. this model is first demonstrat ... | 2009 | 19391784 |
| characterisation of the effects of caffeine on sleep in the rat: a potential model of sleep disruption. | caffeine is known to disrupt sleep and its administration to human subjects has been used to model sleep disruption. we previously showed that its effects on sleep onset latency are comparable between rats and humans. this study evaluated the potential use of caffeine as a model of sleep disruption in the rat, by assessing its effects on sleep architecture and electroencephalogram (eeg) frequency spectrum, and using sleep-promoting drugs to reverse these effects. rats were implanted with radiote ... | 2009 | 19395429 |
| patient sex and its influence on general anaesthesia. | physiological and pharmacological differences exist between men and women. women wake faster than men following general anaesthesia. women also differ from men in their postoperative recovery as reflected by differences in postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting and overall quality of recovery. these gender differences seem to be more pronounced in premenopausal women, suggesting hormonal mechanisms are a major contributing factor. | 2009 | 19400484 |
| specificity of direct transition from wake to rem sleep in orexin/ataxin-3 transgenic narcoleptic mice. | to create operational criteria for polygraphic assessments of direct transitions from wake to rem sleep (drem), as a murine analog of human cataplexy, we have analyzed drem episodes in congenic lines of orexin/ataxin-3 transgenic [tg] mice and wild-type littermates. the sleep stage of each 10-second epoch was visually scored using our standard criteria. specificity of drem for narcoleptic tg mice and sensitivity to detect drem was evaluated using different drem criteria. we found that drem trans ... | 2009 | 19416673 |
| when speed truly matters, openness is the answer. | in this paper i analyse the ethical implications of the two main competing methodologies in genomic research. i do not aim to provide another contribution from the mainstream legal and public policy perspective; rather i offer a novel approach in which i analyse and describe the patent-and-publish regime (the proprietary regime) led by biologist j. craig venter and the 'open-source' methodologies led by biotechnology nobel laureate john sulston. the 'open-source methodologies' arose in biotechno ... | 2009 | 19438440 |
| nocturnal enuresis: a suggestive endophenotype marker for a subgroup of inattentive attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) and enuresis co-occur at a higher rate than expected; the cause for this is unclear. | 2009 | 19446845 |
| effect of vergence on human ocular following response (ofr). | the human ocular following response (ofr) is a preattentive, short-latency visual-field-holding mechanism, which is enhanced if the moving stimulus is applied in the wake of a saccade. since most natural gaze shifts incorporate both saccadic and vergence components, we asked whether the ofr was also enhanced during vergence. ten subjects viewed vertically moving sine-wave gratings on a video monitor at 45 cm that had a temporal frequency of 16.7 hz, contrast of 32%, and spatial frequency of 0.17 ... | 2009 | 19458151 |
| alternating vigilance states: new insights regarding neuronal networks and mechanisms. | since the discovery of rapid eye movement (rem) sleep (also known as paradoxical sleep; ps), it is accepted that sleep is an active process. ps is characterized by eeg rhythmic activity resembling that of waking with a disappearance of muscle tone and the occurrence of rems, in contrast to slow-wave sleep (sws, also known as non-rem sleep) identified by the presence of delta waves. here, we review the most recent data on the mechanisms responsible for the genesis of sws and ps. based on these da ... | 2009 | 19473229 |
| circadian clock genes and sleep homeostasis. | circadian and sleep-homeostatic processes both contribute to sleep timing and sleep structure. elimination of circadian rhythms through lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (scn), the master circadian pacemaker, leads to fragmentation of wakefulness and sleep but does not eliminate the homeostatic response to sleep loss as indexed by the increase in eeg delta power. in humans, eeg delta power declines during sleep episodes nearly independently of circadian phase. such observations have contribu ... | 2009 | 19473235 |
| a brainwave signal measurement and data processing technique for daily life applications. | a technique for measuring the psychophysiological status of the human and associated applications based on normal brain signals are examined and evaluated. a small single-point dry electrode developed for mobile use can capture brainwave activity from among dense external and internal electrical noise, and subsequently extract targeted frequency components. continuous measurements during day and night provide a brainwave profile including wake and sleep states that can consistently explain state ... | 2009 | 19483376 |
| serotonergic-postsynaptic receptors modulate gripping-induced immobility episodes in male taiep rats. | the taiep rat is a myelin mutant with a motor syndrome characterized by tremor, ataxia, immobility, epilepsy, and paralysis. the rat shows a hypomyelination followed by a progressive demyelination. during immobilities taiep rats show a rem-like sleep pattern and a disorganized sleep-wake pattern suggesting taiep rats as a model of narcolepsy-cataplexy. our study analyzed the role of postsynaptic serotonin receptors in the expression of gripping-induced immobility episodes (ies) in 8-month-old ma ... | 2009 | 19484723 |
| narcolepsy--master of disguise: evidence-based recommendations for management. | narcolepsy is a neurological disorder affecting the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. it is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, and other rapid eye movement (rem) sleep-associated manifestations (eg, hypnagogic hallucinations and sleep paralysis). the recognition of this disorder is usually delayed by 10 to 15 years, largely because of its protean manifestations, insidious nature, and lack of physician awareness. delayed diagnosis is associated with poor quality of life, ... | 2009 | 19491546 |
| foetal response to maternal coffee intake: role of habitual versus non-habitual caffeine consumption. | little is known about the effect on the human foetus of long-term and acute exposure to caffeine. we studied the organisation of foetal sleep-wake states in 13 healthy near-term foetuses over a wide range of maternal plasma caffeine concentrations (0-13 μg/ml) reflecting normal lifestyle conditions (day 0) and again following intake of two cups of regular coffee (~300 mg of caffeine) intermitted by 50 h of abstinence (day 2; acute effects). on either day, 2 h simultaneous recordings were made of ... | 2010 | 19506007 |
| diamine-based human histamine h3 receptor antagonists: (4-aminobutyn-1-yl)benzylamines. | a series of (4-aminobutyn-1-yl)benzylamines were prepared and the sar around three key areas: (1) the amine attached to the butynyl linker (r(3)r(4)n-); (2) the benzylamine moiety (r(1)r(2)n-); and (3) the point of attachment of the benzylamine group (r(1)r(2)n- in the ortho, meta, or para positions) was examined. one compound, 4-[3-(4-piperidin-1-yl-but-1-ynyl)-benzyl]-morpholine (9s) was chosen for further profiling and found to be a selective histamine h(3) antagonist with desirable drug-like ... | 2009 | 19524331 |
| delayed onset of contralateral pulmonary edema following reexpansion pulmonary edema of a collapsed lung after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. | this case report describes a 61-year-old man who developed reexpansion pulmonary edema (rpe) of the collapsed left lung after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery because of left thoracic empyema, complicated with secondary contralateral pulmonary edema later. the left lung was gently reexpanded after surgery under one-lung ventilation anesthesia for 2.5 hours. the patient developed rpe of the left lung immediately after surgery, and required mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory p ... | 2009 | 19527970 |
| influenza a (h1n1): a wake-up call. | 2009 | 19546636 | |
| functional magnetic resonance imaging-assessed brain responses during an executive task depend on interaction of sleep homeostasis, circadian phase, and per3 genotype. | cognition is regulated across the 24 h sleep-wake cycle by circadian rhythmicity and sleep homeostasis through unknown brain mechanisms. we investigated these mechanisms in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of executive function using a working memory 3-back task during a normal sleep-wake cycle and during sleep loss. the study population was stratified according to homozygosity for a variable-number (4 or 5) tandem-repeat polymorphism in the coding region of the clock gene period3. ... | 2009 | 19553435 |
| coyotes (canis latrans) and the matching law. | environmental change is accelerating due to anthropogenic influence. species that have greater behavioral flexibility may be better adapted to exploit new or constantly changing habitats. there are few mammals and even fewer carnivores that better illustrate widespread adaptability and behavioral flexibility in the wake of human disturbance than coyotes (canis latrans). yet how such predators successfully track resources, enabling them to survive and extend their range in stochastic environments ... | 2009 | 19555745 |
| a mathematical model of the sleep/wake cycle. | we present a biologically-based mathematical model that accounts for several features of the human sleep/wake cycle. these features include the timing of sleep and wakefulness under normal and sleep-deprived conditions, ultradian rhythms, more frequent switching between sleep and wakefulness due to the loss of orexin and the circadian dependence of several sleep measures. the model demonstrates how these features depend on interactions between a circadian pacemaker and a sleep homeostat and prov ... | 2010 | 19557415 |
| circadian clock resetting in the mouse changes with age. | the most widely recognised consequence of normal age-related changes in biological timing is the sleep disruption that appears in old age and diminishes the quality of life. these sleep disorders are part of the normal ageing process and consist primarily of increased amounts of wakefulness and reduced amounts of deep sleep. changes in the amplitude and timing of the sleep-wake cycle appear to represent, at least in part, a loss of effective circadian regulation of sleep. understanding alteratio ... | 2009 | 19557547 |
| racial differences in the human endogenous circadian period. | the length of the endogenous period of the human circadian clock (tau) is slightly greater than 24 hours. there are individual differences in tau, which influence the phase angle of entrainment to the light/dark (ld) cycle, and in doing so contribute to morningness-eveningness. we have recently reported that tau measured in subjects living on an ultradian ld cycle averaged 24.2 hours, and is similar to tau measured using different experimental methods. here we report racial differences in tau. s ... | 2009 | 19564915 |
| orphan nuclear receptor rev-erb alpha gene (nr1d1) and fluvoxamine response in major depressive disorder in the japanese population. | sleep-wake disturbance, frequently observed in major depressive disorder (mdd), negatively influences clinical status. treatment with antidepressants also reportedly affects circadian rhythms. in a recent in vitro study, the nuclear receptor rev-erbalpha was reported to be related to circadian rhythms, and was shown to be involved in the biological action of lithium therapy. therefore, we examined the association between the orphan nuclear receptor rev-erbalpha gene (nr1d1) and the efficacy of f ... | 2009 | 19571598 |
| role for the paramyxovirus genomic promoter in limiting host cell antiviral responses and cell killing. | the parainfluenza virus simian virus 5 (sv5) is a poor inducer of innate immune responses. in contrast, the naturally occurring sv5 variant wake forest parainfluenza virus (wf-piv) activates the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and beta interferon (ifn-beta). comparison of sv5 and wf-piv genome sequences revealed nine nucleotide differences within the viral genomic promoter, including two substitutions (u5c and a14g) in the most highly conserved 3'-end promoter element. to test the consequ ... | 2009 | 19587032 |
| effect of chronic manganese intoxication on the sleep-wake cycle in the rat. | chronic manganese intoxication elicits in the rat an increase in slow wave sleep and a decrease in paradoxical sleep by modification of the length of the phases. the similarities between this observation and the sleep disturbances observed in man in parkinson's disease and chronic manganese poisoning are discussed. | 1977 | 19604921 |
| an atypical case of sporadic fatal insomnia. | fatal insomnia is a rare human prion disease characterised by sleep-wake disturbances, thalamic degeneration and deposition of type 2 disease-specific prion protein (prp(sc)). this report details a patient with sporadic fatal insomnia who exhibited cerebral deposition of type 1 prp(sc) and neuropathological changes largely in the basal ganglia. previous damage of this brain region by a surgically removed colloid cyst and the insertion of two intracerebral shunts may have influenced the distribut ... | 2009 | 19608785 |
| circadian variation in intestinal dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (dpd) expression: a potential mechanism for benefits of 5fu chrono-chemotherapy. | 5-fluorouracil (5fu) is associated with significant gi side-effects. randomized trials have shown a 50% reduction in severe diarrhea with chrono-chemotherapy versus conventional regimens at similar doses. dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (dpd) is the rate-limiting enzyme in 5fu breakdown. we hypothesized that dpd has a circadian expression pattern, accounting for the reduced gi side effects of chrono-modulated 5fu therapy. | 2009 | 19628084 |
| sleep disorders in parkinson's disease: the contribution of the mptp non-human primate model. | to replicate the sleep-wake disorders of parkinson's disease (pd) and to understand the temporal relationship between these sleep disturbances and the occurrence of parkinsonism, we performed long-term continuous electroencephalographic monitoring of vigilance states in unrestrained rhesus monkeys using an implanted miniaturized telemetry device and tested the effect of mptp intoxication on their sleep-wake organization. mptp injection yielded a dramatic disruption of sleep-wake architecture wit ... | 2009 | 19635479 |
| the suprachiasmatic nucleus and sleep-wake regulation. | human behavior is organized into 24-hour cycles that are typically composed of about 16 hours of wakefulness and about 8 hours of sleep. sleep is an essential behavior and is critical for maintaining normal adaptive waking behavior. both sleep and wake are initiated and maintained by separate and specific neural systems. the sleep-wake cycle is a function of 2 processes--a homeostatic drive for sleep that increases throughout the waking day and an opposing circadian influence that promotes wakef ... | 2004 | 19667692 |
| does alzheimer's disease begin in the brainstem? | although substantial evidence indicates that the progression of pathological changes of the neuronal cytoskeleton is crucial in determining the severity of dementia in alzheimer's disease (ad), the exact causes and evolution of these changes, the initial site at which they begin, and the neuronal susceptibility levels for their development are poorly understood. the current clinical criteria for diagnosis of ad are focused mostly on cognitive deficits produced by dysfunction of hippocampal and h ... | 2009 | 19682326 |
| food consumption inhibits pain-related behaviors. | the function of the endogenous analgesia system under natural circumstances has been little explored. our recent work shows that animals are significantly less responsive to noxious stimulation during slow wave sleep, micturition, and while eating than during quiet wake. the analgesia associated with eating is dependent on activity in the medullary raphe magnus, the final common brain stem region in endogenous analgesia pathways. eating analgesia does not depend on energy-depletion due to food d ... | 2009 | 19686166 |
| rev-erb-alpha: an integrator of circadian rhythms and metabolism. | the endogenous circadian clock ensures daily rhythms in diverse behavioral and physiological processes, including locomotor activity and sleep/wake cycles, but also food intake patterns. circadian rhythms are generated by an internal clock system, which synchronizes these daily variations to the day/night alternance. in addition, circadian oscillations may be reset by the time of food availability in peripheral metabolic organs. circadian rhythms are seen in many metabolic pathways (glucose and ... | 2009 | 19696364 |
| period3, circadian phenotypes, and sleep homeostasis. | circadian rhythmicity and sleep homeostasis contribute to sleep phenotypes and sleep-wake disorders, some of the genetic determinants of which are emerging. approximately 10% of the population are homozygous for the 5-repeat allele (per3(5/5)) of a variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in the clock gene period3 (per3). we review recent data on the effects of this polymorphism on sleep-wake regulation. per3(5/5) are more likely to show morning preference, whereas homozygosity for the four-re ... | 2010 | 19716732 |