Publications

spermiogenesis and the spermatozoa of the european common shrew (sorex araneus l.).		1979	480409
comparative analysis of karyotypes in european shrew species. i. the sibling species sorex araneus and s. gemellus: q-bands, g-bands, and position of nors.	the karyotypes of two closely related species of the genus sorex (mammalia, insectivora) were compared with each other by g- and q-banding techniques and by ag-as staining (goodpasture and bloom, 1975). by comparing the g-banded karyotypes, it could be ascertained that the basic differences in karyotype between the two species lie in three pericentric inversions, three paracentric inversions, and one reciprocal translocation. this is in near agreement with ford and hamerton (1970), who assumed t ...	1978	648185
changes in replicon behaviour during the s period in sorex araneus cells in culture.		1978	679994
[facial muscles of insectivora. ii. pachyura indica and sorex araneus].	the investigation includes the area of facialis in erinaceus europaeus, talpa europaea, pachyura indica and sorex araneus. it is indicated that the topography of muscles diverges considerably from the equal conditions in rodentia, carnivoar and ungulata . the dorsal length musculature thus is almost an undivided mass of muscles by the 4 species investigated as also the laterally and ventrally situated musculature at certain points diverges from the conditions within other above mentioned animal ...	1978	744461
[population of hair cells in the corti's organ of shrews].	in shrews (family soricidase) the organ of corti was examined by means of the surface specimen technique. the analysis of the qualitative deviations from the normal cellular pattern of corti organ was based on more than 160 ears of shrews (sorex araneus, s. minutus, neomys fodiens, and crocidura suaveolens). the dislocation, rotation, malformation of hair cells, and one finding of the giant outer hair cell are described. the quantitative analyses of the population of hair cells are based on 61 e ...	1978	751340
leptospiral antibodies in wild living animals from north tyrol.	the authors examined serologically 623 wild living animals (22 species) from north tyrol for the incidence of leptospirosis. positive reactions (mal) in the titre 1: 100 and more were found in 4.5% of the animals examined; the serotypes concerned were these: icterohaemorrhagiae, sorex-jalna, castellonis or arboreae, grippotyphosa, bratislava, pomona, sejroe, saxkoebing. positive reactions were obtained with the sera of sorex araneus, erinaceus europaeus, putorius putorius, vulpes vulpes, cervus ...	1976	780229
spread of trichophyton mentagrophytes var. gran. infection to man.	the occurrence of t. mentagrophytes var. gran. infection of small mammals in their natural habitat was studied. the most common host of the exoanthropic mammals was clethrionomys glareolus (bank vole); the next most common hosts were hemisynanthropes sorex araneus (common shrew) and eusynathropes mus musculus (common mouse). occurrence of infection increased during the winter months. because small mammals gather in farm outbuilding during cold weather, man is more likely to be exposed to infecti ...	1975	1093983
[blood parasites of small wild mammals in czechoslovakia].	the author investigated 4,853 specimens of wild living small mammals (43 species: insectivora, chiroptera, lagomorpha, rodentia, carnivora) from czechoslovakia for blood parasites. trypanosomes were found in talpa europaea, sorex alpinus, crocidura suaveolens, myotis myotis, apodemus sylvaticus, apodemus flavicollis, mus musculus, rattus norvegicus, clethrionomys glareolus and microtus agrestis. babesia was detected in myotis emarginatus, myotis myotis, clethrionomys glareolus, microtus arvalis ...	1975	1158292
[observations of fleas of small mammals at the gran paradiso national park (italian occidental alps)].	the siphonaptera of small mammals (nearly 200 rodents, insectivora and mustelids) of the parco nazionale del gran paradiso (western italian alps) have been collected and studied during the years 1973-75. all the animals have been captured at altitudes ranging from 1570 to 2400 m during different seasons. twelve genera and sixteen species have been identified, namely: chaetopsylla (c.) homoea homoea from mustela erminea; hystrichopsylla (h.) talpae talpae from clethrionomys glareolus; rhadinopsyl ...	1975	1233394
[comparative macro- and microscopic anatomy of the nasal cavity of european insectivores].	the topography of the nasal fossa and its epithelium were studied in 4 european insectivores, sorex araneus l., crocidura russula (hermann), talpa europaea l. and erinaceus europaeus l. the following results were obtained: 1. the length of the nasal capsules is in relation to the length of the head in all 4 species the same. 2. the noses of all forms studies, except e. europaeus are very similar because of the trunk-shaped pars anterior nasi. 3. the numbers of turbinals are constant. 4. of all t ...	1975	1241682
trace metal accumulation by the shrew sorex araneus. i. total body burden, growth, and mortality.	a laboratory feeding trial is described in which a known trace metal accumulator, the shrew sorex araneus, was presented with an artificial diet containing high levels of copper and cadmium. methodological difficulties relating to feeding trials on first generation offspring of insectivorous small mammals caught in the wild are described. there was no relationship between copper or cadmium intake and mortality during the trials. sex differences in growth were apparently not influenced by metal i ...	1992	1385072
trace metal accumulation by the shrew sorex araneus. ii. tissue distribution in kidney and liver.	the distributions of trace metals in tissues of shrews in a series of feeding trials are described. the relationship between body cadmium burden and organ weight was directly related to differences in body weight. organ weight expressed as a percentage of body weight was constant in the kidney, but was correlated with cadmium burden for the liver. liver and kidney accounted for up to 80% of total body cadmium. the proportion of the body cadmium burden found in the kidney ranged from 8 to 17%. co ...	1992	1385073
maximum heart rate of soricine shrews: correlation with contractile properties and myosin composition.	maximum heart rates (hr) of three soricine shrews and six other small mammals were measured in response to a single supramaximal dose of isoproterenol (iso) under urethan anesthesia. the highest hr, 1,043 +/- 66 (sd) beats/min (n = 3), was in least shrew (sorex minutus, mean body mass 3.02 +/- 0.81 g). maximum hrs of common shrew (sorex araneus, 7.16 +/- 1.54 g) and water shrew (neomys fodiens, 12.80 +/- 1.54 g) were 938 +/- 29 (n = 7) and 887 +/- 21 (n = 6), respectively. in general, maximum hr ...	1992	1534206
male common shrews (sorex araneus) with long meiotic chain configurations can be fertile: implications for chromosomal models of speciation.	two chromosomal races of common shrews (sorex araneus) were crossed in captivity to generate chain vii-forming complex robertsonian heterozygotes. meiosis and gametogenesis were studied in three male hybrids. regular chain vii configurations were observed at both pachytene and diakinesis/metaphase i, although in many pachytene spreads the chain configuration was incomplete (the basis of this peculiarity is unknown). from metaphase ii counts, the frequency of anaphase i nondisjunction in the comp ...	1992	1582263
venomous mammals.	it is not widely appreciated that mammals can be venomous in the manner of snakes and lizards. however, it was first demonstrated scientifically 50 years ago in the case of the american short-tailed shrew. subsequently, similar evidence has been obtained from european shrews and the haitian solenodon, but research in this area has been almost completely neglected for the last 20 years. in complete contrast to what has been learned about other animal venoms, the identity and mode of action of mam ...	1992	1641406
relation of the insular claustrum to the neocortex in insectivora.	the claustra of 9 species of insectivora (sorex araneus, sorex minutus, tenrec ecaudatus, solenodon paradoxus, neomys fodiens, erinaceus europaeus, talpa europaea, desmana moschata, potamogale velox) were investigated. in all examined animals we found two parts of the insular claustrum: the main part called by us the pars principalis and more medially situated lamina profunda claustri. in the "basal" insectivora the main part is in close contact with the layer via of the neocortex. in some more ...	1990	1707077
[small mammals at community refuse dumps as reservoirs of pathogens and parasites].	five-year studies (1981-1986) were performed to investigate a total number of 2589 small mammals of 18 species. refuse dumps are marked for highly specific conditions. the difference between refuse dumps and natural habitats consists in more sufficient quantity of food, better sheltering possibilities and in highly specific microclimate particularly. as a result of aerobic and anaerobic decompositions of organic materials, temperature in dumps is approximately 50 degrees c. from ecological point ...	1991	1807042
lung and hearth nematodes in some spanish mammals.	thirteen host species belonging to the orders rodentia, insectivora and carnivora from various localities in galicia (nw spain) were examined for heart and lung parasites. the following species were found: parastrongylus dujardini (5.5%) in apodemus sylvaticus, crenosoma striatum in erinaceus europaeus (83%), angiostrongylus vasorum, crenosoma vulpis and eucoleus aerophilus in vulpes vulpes (3, 3.46 and 0.50%, respectively), crenosoma taiga in putorius putorius (100%) and crenosoma sp. in meles ...	1991	1844789
multiple paternity in wild common shrews (sorex araneus) is confirmed by dna-fingerprinting.	we have tested for the occurrence of multiple paternity in wild common shrews by karyotypic analysis and dna-fingerprinting of five wild-caught females and their litters. karyotypic data suggest that some litters were sired by more than one male, but provide no definitive evidence. by using dna-fingerprinting, it was possible to establish that two males sired the litter of two females. the present report shows that multiple paternity is not a rare phenomenon in the common shrew and by using dna- ...	1991	1880048
longitudinal study of natural foci of central european encephalitis virus in west slovakia.	a total of 2922 small terrestrial mammals of 12 species were collected in six localities of west slovakia between 1981 and 1986. when examined for the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies (na) to central european encephalitis (cee) virus we found that 14.6% had antibody. nearly all (97%) of the 426 animals with antibody were clethrionomys glareolus, the most abundant species (52.6% of mammals collected, 15.1% of those with antibody). apodemus flavicollis (22.5% of mammals collected, 18.1% of th ...	1990	1983180
synaptonemal complexes of the common shrew, sorex araneus l., in spermatocyte spreads.	this paper presents an electron microscopic analysis of the behavior and morphology of the sex chromosomes and autosomes during prophase i in the common shrew, sorex araneus l. the pairing patterns of the x/y1y2 and autosomal robertsonian trivalents are described.	1991	2004560
hazardous exposure of ground-living small mammals to cadmium and lead in contaminated terrestrial ecosystems.	the dietary exposure to cadmium and lead of two ground-living species of small mammals, i.e., shrews sorex araneus (insectivora) and voles microtus agrestis (rodentia), was investigated and related to metal loads in target organs (kidneys and liver). the study was done in two natural areas polluted with cadmium and lead originating from urban and industrial metal sources. the average intake of cadmium by the herbivorous voles varied between 0.1 and 0.4 micrograms/g/day and of lead between 2 and ...	1991	2015002
the occurrence of centrorhynchus (acanthocephala) in shrews (sorex araneus and sorex minutus) in the united kingdom.	encysted acanthocephalans belonging to the genus centrorhynchus were found in the body cavities of sorex araneus (common shrew) and sorex minutus (pygmy shrew) from boxworth, cambridgeshire, u.k. fifty percent of the male s. araneus and 67% of the male s. minutus examined were found to be infected, with the mean intensity (+/-sd) being 54.3 +/- 91.3 and 14.7 +/- 18.4, respectively. the species of centrorhynchus in the shrews may be centrorhynchus aluconis, which is distributed widely in tawny ow ...	1991	2040960
nucleus limitans thalami--comparative anatomical study.	cyto- and myeloarchitectonics as well as acetylcholinesterase activity of the nucleus limitans thalami--an important part of the nociceptive system--were studied in insectivora (sorex araneus, erinaceus europaeus, talpa europaeus), rat, rabbit, cat, monkey and man. our results suggest that nucleus limitans is phylogenetically a rather new structure. in insectivora and in the rat we could not find any evident group of neurons resembling nucleus limitans. in the rabbit and cat nucleus limitans is ...	1989	2511740
spermatogenesis in heterozygotes for robertsonian chromosomal rearrangements from natural populations of the common shrew, sorex araneus.	twenty-two adult male common shrews were collected from 5 sites in the vicinity of oxford (uk) close to the zone of hybridization between two karyotypic races. the shrews were subdivided into 3 karyotypic categories: homozygotes, simple robertsonian heterozygotes (which form one or more trivalents at prophase i of meiosis) and complex robertsonian heterozygotes (which form a quadrivalent). the ratio of primary spermatocytes to round spermatids was determined from transverse sections of seminifer ...	1989	2600900
effect of soil pollution with metallic lead pellets on lead bioaccumulation and organ/body weight alterations in small mammals.	using small mammals as bioindicators, the bioavailable status and ecotoxicity of lead was investigated in an acidic sandy soil environment polluted with metallic lead pellets from shotgun ammunition. average concentrations of lead in kidney, liver and bone tissue of wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus), bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus), and shrews (sorex araneus) were strongly elevated, compared to tissue levels of conspecifics collected from an adjacent unpolluted area. all shrews and some bank ...	2009	2673067
ontogeny of relationship of middle ear and temporomandibular (squamomandibular) joint in mammals. ii. morphology and ontogeny in insectivores.	the ontogeny of the mandibular joint and the middle ear region was studied in erinaceus europaeus, sorex araneus, talpa europaea and elephantulus rozeti. during development, a passage connection was found between the mandibular condyle and meckel's cartilage that is produced by the primordium of the lateral pterygoid muscle. the articular disk is formed apart and it appears later in development.	1989	2718717
an autosomal trisomic cell line in a wild common shrew (sorex araneus).		1989	2745154
[seasonal changes in the brain and skull sizes of small mammals].	a comparative study of seasonal-age dynamics of brain size in six small mammal species, clethrionomys glareolus, c. rutilus, microtus oeconomus, m. gregalis (rodentia); sorex araneus, s. minutis (insectivora) has been carried out. the analysis of seasonal changes in brain weight confirms the existence of autumn-winter regression of brain weight, which takes place at the organism level. the regression is less pronounced in voles than in shrews. the decrease in brain weight both in voles and in sh ...	2006	2800709
basic functional properties of the cardiac muscle of the common shrew (sorex araneus) and some other small mammals.	the resting heartbeat frequency of all the studied wild small mammals (body mass 3-20 g) was lower than that predicted by the allometric equation for a typical mammal. the heart rate of the laboratory mouse was a little higher than the expected value. the ventricular mass of the small wild mammals was higher than predicted for their size, but that of the laboratory mouse was below the expected value. thus, adequate cardiac output in the wild small mammals is achieved by compensating the low hear ...	1989	2809495
the electrocardiogram of european shrews.	a recording method of electrocardiograms in resting animals is described. the electrocardiograms of crocidura russula, crocidura leucodon, crocidura suaveolens, neomys fodiens and sorex araneus are similar to those of other small mammals. t-wave directly follows the qrs-complex. the duration of electrocardiograms depends on heart mass and body temperature. heart rate shows no influence on the duration of electrocardiograms.	2007	2870871
factors responsible for a karyotypic polymorphism in the common shrew, sorex araneus.	a robertsonian karyotypic polymorphism in the common shrew in the oxford area, first described in the 1950s, was re-examined. the polymorphism involves chromosome arm combinations kq, no and pr (characteristic of the oxford karyotypic race), ko (characteristic of the hermitage karyotypic race) and jl (found in both races). the polymorphism for jl was sporadic along a north-south transect through the oxford area, with the frequency of the twin-acrocentric morph never exceeding 10%. the frequency ...	1986	2881304
isoenzyme variation in the common shrew (sorex araneus) in britain, in relation to karyotype.	samples of common shrews with an aberdeen race, oxford race and hermitage race karyotype and from the oxford-hermitage hybrid zone were screened for genotype at six polymorphic enzyme loci. the common allele at all loci was the same in all samples suggesting that the degree of genic divergence between the karyotypic races is not great. however, shrews of the aberdeen race appear to be somewhat distinct. there were differences in allele frequencies, range of alleles and heterozygosities at the mp ...	1985	2932412
the chromosome complement of sorex granarius--the ancestral karyotype of the common shrew (sorex araneus)?	we present the g-band karyotype of sorex granarius (miller, 1910). with minor exceptions, each of the acrocentric autosomes in this karyotype is completely homologous to one of the chromosome arms in the karyotype of the common shrew (sorex araneus l., 1758). if, as is the simplest interpretation, the karyotypic evolution in s. araneus is by repeated robertsonian fusion, the karyotype in s. granarius represents the ancestral condition. we urge breeding studies to establish whether the designatio ...	1988	3198417
the xyy condition in a wild mammal: an xy/xyy mosaic common shrew (sorex araneus).	xy/xyy sex-chromosome mosaicism was demonstrated in both bone marrow and germ cells of a wild adult common shrew. secondary sexual characteristics were those of a normal male, but the testes were small, and the sperm count was only about 3% of normal. most of the seminiferous tubule cross-sections examined revealed serious spermatogenic impairment and a reduced diameter. a range of sex-chromosome pairing configurations was observed in xyy primary spermatocytes, including configurations involving ...	1986	3709237
preferential transmission in wild common shrews (sorex araneus), heterozygous for robertsonian rearrangements.		1986	3710161
karyotypic races of the common shrew (sorex araneus l.) from northern poland.	karyotypic races of the common shrew which differed with respect to the combinations of chromosome arms in certain 2-armed autosomes were distinguished in poland. two eastern races with the arm combination ik, and one western race with the arm combination hi in the third pair of autosomes were established. in the contact area of these chromosomal forms, the fourth karyotypic race with the arm combination hk was found.	1986	3743724
meiotic studies of robertsonian heterozygotes from natural populations of the common shrew, sorex araneus l.	adult male common shrews, both robertsonian heterozygotes and homozygotes, were collected from oxford and elsewhere in britain. in both simple robertsonian heterozygotes and robertsonian heterozygotes with monobrachial homology, regular chain configurations were observed at meiosis i; only 1-2% were incomplete such that univalents were observed. on the average, there was one chiasma per chromosome arm among those that displayed robertsonian variation, including both chain configurations and biva ...	1986	3956265
chromosome banding pattern in a polymorphic population of sorex araneus from northeastern finland.		1974	4135825
isolation of tick-borne encephalitis virus from the blood of sorex araneus in a natural focus.		1967	4383896
[comparative studies on features of ontogenesis in native soricidae (crocidura russula, sorex araneus and neomys fodiens)].		1972	4671230
a new chromosome race of the common shrew (sorex araneus) in sweden.		1973	4805483
on the histology and histochemistry of the snout and vibrissae of the common shrew (sorex araneus l.).		1972	5010816
the contrahent muscles and the muscles of the intermetacarpal space in the common shrew (sorex araneus l.).		1972	5021667
the autecology of small rodents and insectivores of the tribec mountain range.	small rodents and insectivores have become the main reservoirs of tick-borne encephalitis virus. in order, therefore, to demonstrate the dynamic and structural changes occurring in a natural focus of tick-borne encephalitis, information has been collected on the distribution, habitat, life-cycle, population density and extent of tick infestation of the rodents and insectivores that inhabit the tribec region and adjacent parts of the hronský inovec mountains. the following mammals are discussed: ...	1967	5298539
[comparative anatomic studies of the cerebellum of insectivora. ii. the cerebellum of sorex araneus and elephantulus intufi].		2006	5399726
[cerebrosides and sulfocerebrosides in the brain of insectivorous mammals].	brain cerebrosides (c) and sulfocerebrosides (s) of insectivora, which represent the most ancient and primitive order of placentary mammals, were first studied. the content of c and s is higher in hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus, e. auritus) and mole (talpa europaea) brains as compared to shrew (sorex araneus) brain. hydroxy fatty acids predominate over normal fatty acids in c of all studied insectivora brains. the fatty acid content of c and s of the insectivora brains is similar in being rich i ...	2006	6485652
[arthropod population of sorex araneus l. and sorex minutus l. in forests and forest-free areas of the niemczańskie hills].		1984	6506730
nondisjunction frequencies in robertsonian heterozygotes from natural populations of the common shrew, sorex araneus l.	pregnant female common shrews were collected from an area of robertsonian polymorphism, involving five different arm combinations, around oxford (england). the females and their fetuses were karyotyped, and the karyotypes of the sires were deduced. ten pregnancies where at least one parent was known to be either a single or double robertsonian heterozygote were available for analysis. from these pregnancies, upper and lower estimates of anaphase i nondisjunction arising from robertsonian heteroz ...	1984	6510020
breeding the common shrew (sorex araneus) in captivity.	a method for the systematic breeding of the common shrew (sorex araneus) is described. by use of this method 20 litters of common shrew, conceived in the wild and in captivity, were reared to weaning. successful fertilization was recorded for 74% of pairings and 68% of young known to have been born were reared to weaning. breeding records indicate that common shrews will mate within a few days of pairing and that the duration of pregnancy and lactation is about 43 days.	1984	6513501
genetic differentiation in sorex. i. electrophoretic analysis of the karyotypic races of sorex araneus in sweden.		1983	6668214
a wild common shrew (sorex araneus) with an xxy sex chromosome constitution.	an adult male common shrew with an xxy sex chromosome constitution was found in a natural population. the external appearance of the animal and size of the accessory glands were normal but the testes were as small as those of immature shrews. histological preparations of the testis revealed seminiferous tubules containing only one type of cell, probably sertoli cells, and interstitial cell hyperplasia.	1984	6694150
light and electron microscopical observations on the male excurrent duct system of the common shrew (sorex araneus).	in sexually active common shrews (sorex araneus) the rete testis is a simple sac-like structure situated superficially between the equator and the anterior pole of the testis, and its epithelium glycogen-rich cells. in the ductuli efferentes, the tight junctions of the epithelial cells are poorly developed. the epididymis can be divided cytologically into initial, middle and terminal segments, and some variations are apparent in the fine structure of the principal cells throughout the duct. in t ...	1984	6699809
ultrastructural study on oogenesis in shrews (neomys fodiens, sorex araneus).	the ultrastructure of early follicular oocytes is described. among the differentiating organelles marked development of endoplasmic reticulum, often in close contact with mitochondria, is especially conspicuous. in addition, the dilatation of mitochondria, the accumulation of dense granular material and the formation of multivesicular bodies are discussed.	1984	6702406
genetic differentiation in sorex. ii. an electrophoretic comparison between sorex araneus and three other shrew species.		1984	6725003
some corrections in haemogregarine (apicomplexa: protozoa) nomenclature.	the nomenclature of three genera in the family haemogregarinidae (haemogregarina, karyolysus, and hepatozoon) has been reviewed and the following new names are introduced to replace homonyms or for previously unnamed species: haemogregarina carlosi n. nom., in the erythrocytes of the lizard lacerta ocellata; haemogregarina tincae n. nom., in the stomach and intestine of the tench tinca tinca; hepatozoon insectivorae n. sp., in the leucocytes of the shrews sorex araneus and crocidura leucodon; he ...	1982	6757414
[blood parasites of small wild mammals in steiermark and burgenland].	a total of 488 wild small mammals (16 species) trapped in two federate units of austria, steiermark and burgenland, were examined on the presence of blood parasites. in steiermark grahamelles were detected in neomys fodiens, clethrionomys glareolus, microtus arvalis, m. agrestis, apodemus flavicollis and a. sylvaticus, while trypanosoma evotomys and hepatozoon erhardovae were found in c. glareolus, and babesia microti in pitymys subterraneus and m. agrestis. in burgenland grahamelles were demons ...	1980	6778802
prevalence of pneumocystis carinii delanoë & delanoë, 1912 in rodents in denmark.	pneumocystis carinii has been found in 17 of 90 (19%) wild living trapped brown rats (rattus norvegicus). the positive brown rats originated from about 25% of the trapping localities examined. among brown rats of two breeding stocks, h and s, pneumocysts were found in 43.5% of the h rats, but in none of the s rats. by keeping brown h rats on a low protein diet for 8 weeks, it was possible to augment the prevalence to 53.8%. pneumocystis carinii has furthermore been found in one of eight (12.5%) ...	1980	6965782
lead content of small mammals at a roadside site in relation to the pathways of exposure.	concentration of lead have been determined in three species of small mammal, sorex araneus, clethrionomys glareolus and apodemus sylvaticus at roadside and control sites. the results are considered in relation to the lead content of the diet and the air, and it is concluded that the diet provides far the major pathway for lead exposure, even at the roadside site. bone lead concentrations are found to be consistent with estimated lead exposure and metabolism.	1981	7015499
[epidemiological survey in a natural focus of rickettsia transmitted by ixodes ricinus in switzerland (author's transl)].	a spotted fever group rickettsia referred to as "swiss agent" was detected in 8.5% of ixodes ricinus collected in a marshy forest of the swiss plateau. this organism, in its tick vector, was found to be transmitted stadially as well as ovarially; of 433 larval, nymphal or adult ticks from 17 parental tick females, all were infected. a total of 3,612 larval i. ricinus were collected from 168 small mammals including 127 clethrionomys glareolus, 29 apodemus sylvaticus and flavicolis, 7 microtus agr ...	1981	7020557
comparative analysis of karyotypes in european shrew species. ii. constitutive heterochromatin, replication patterns, and sister chromatid exchanges in sorex araneus and s. gemellus.	the chromosomes of the two closely related species sorex araneus and s. gemellus were investigated by various methods for the determination of constitutive heterochromatin (c-band techniques, treatment of cell cultures with at- and gc-base-pair-specific compounds, and analysis of late-replication patterns). with the exception of the y1 sex chromosomes, no distinct heterochromatic regions like those in other mammals were demonstrated. although use of a modified c-band technique produced moderatel ...	1982	7151484
seasonal changes in ultrastructure of brown adipose tissue in the common shrew (sorex araneus l.).	seasonal changes have been detected in the ultrastructure of brown adipose tissue (bat) of the common shrew, sorex araneus (a true nonhibernator) living under natural conditions and collected at the time when the most representative growth phase of the animal for the given season could be expected. in summer and autumn, bat is characterized by the presence of large, regular, spherical lipid droplets and mitochondria closely adhering to one another. during winter, mitochondria possess densely pac ...	1981	7214470
chromosome polymorphism in a population of sorex araneus l. at białowieza.		1980	7428984
description of chromosomes in a population of sorex araneus l. living in the biebrza valley.		1980	7450085
the ecotoxicological significance of cadmium intake and residues in terrestrial small mammals.	little is known about the ecotoxicological hazard of cadmium to wild small mammals. this paper reviewed laboratory and field studies to determine: (i) intake and residue lowest-observable-adverse-effect-levels (loaels) for the ecologically important parameters of reproduction and development; (ii) whether these loaels are exceeded by wild small mammals on contaminated habitats and what adverse effects result; and (iii) which species may be at most risk from cadmium. the intake loael in laborator ...	1994	7529157
descriptive kinetics of the seminiferous epithelium cycle and genome size in the mole talpa occidentalis (insectivora).	the male germ cell cytodifferentiative process of the mole talpa occidentalis is described. cytochemical procedures were used 1) to follow acrosome formation and spermatid differentiation, dividing the seminiferous epithelium cycle into ten stages, each characterized by typical germ cell-to-cell associations, and recognizing 13 steps in spermatid differentiation; 2) to monitor, in situ, histones replacement by protamines at step 11 of the spermiogenic process. the seminiferous epithelium cycle o ...	1995	7561724
fatty acids in the triglycerides and phospholipids of the common shrew (sorex araneus) and the water shrew (neomys fodiens).	fatty acid composition of the liver, brown fat, thigh muscle and heart of sorex araneus and neomys fodiens was determined by glc and glc-ms. in both species of shrew the total amounts of omega 3-pufas in the phospholipids were greater than those in the triglycerides. sorex araneus, which feeds solely on a terrestrial diet, had a larger total amount of omega 6-pufas in the triglycerides of the brown fat. the phospholipids of the thigh muscle and heart of neomys fodiens, however, contained more om ...	1995	7584849
a herpesvirus from an european shrew (crocidura russula)		1994	7726008
modelling and monitoring organochlorine and heavy metal accumulation in soils, earthworms, and shrews in rhine-delta floodplains.	in the rhine-delta, accumulation of microcontaminants in floodplain foodwebs has received little attention in comparison with aquatic communities. to investigate organochlorine and metal concentrations in a terrestrial foodchain, samples of soil, earthworms (lumbricus rubellus), and shrew (crocidura russula, sorex araneus) livers and kidneys were taken from two moderately to heavily polluted floodplains. chlorobiphenyl residues in earthworm fat were 0.10 to 3.5 times the concentrations in soil o ...	1995	7794009
experimental accumulation of lead from soil through earthworms to common shrews.	common shrews (sorex araneus) were fed on earthworms containing high concentrations of lead. both the earthworms and shrews originated from uncontaminated areas, but earthworms for the "lead" group of shrews were reared in the laboratory for 3 or 4 weeks in highly pb-polluted soil from near an old lead smelter. the control group of shrews received the same amount of earthworms from the uncontaminated area. the acceptance of the experimental food by shrews was significantly lower in the lead grou ...	1994	7804726
transmission of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. from mammal reservoirs to the primary vector of lyme borreliosis, ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae), in sweden.	factors regulating prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner in ixodes ricinus (l.) were examined during 1991-1992 at bogesund, near stockholm in south-central sweden. nine species of small and medium-sized mammals (sorex araneus l., s. minutus l., neomys fodiens pennant, clethrionomys glareolus [schreber], microtus agrestis [l.], apodemus sylvaticus [l.], a. flavicollis [melchior], lepus europaeus pallas, l. timidus l.) were found to infect feeding tic ...	1994	7815401
the morphology of hymenolepidid and dilepidid cestodes from common and pygmy shrews (soricidae) in southeast england.	one hundred and six of 109 common shrews (sorex araneus) and 62 of 72 pygmy shrews (s. minutus), obtained by longworth trapping in southeast england, were infected with cestodes. ten species were recovered: choanotaenia hepatica and hymenolepis prolifer (found in s. araneus); choanotaenia crassiscolex, hymenolepis furcata, h. jacutensis, h. schaldybini, h. scutigera, h. singularis, h. diaphana and h. infirma (in both hosts). the morphology, taxonomy and ecology of these species are discussed and ...	1994	7829846
fiber types and myosin heavy chain composition in muscles of common shrew (sorex araneus).	red-toothed shrews of subfamily soricinae are small mammals with very high mass-specific metabolic rate. owing to their high aerobic power they are interesting objects for studies concerning the limits and constraints of skeletal muscle adaptation. in order to clarify the correlation between metabolic rate and muscle properties, we have analyzed fiber types, fiber size, and myosin heavy chain composition of the common shrew (sorex araneus) and compared them to those of rat (rattus norvegicus). t ...	1995	7852946
cryptosporidiosis in poland: clinical, epidemiologic and parasitologic aspects.	stool samples from 692 children hospitalized with symptoms of gastroenteritis, were examined for cryptosporidium parvum. the oocysts were found in 17 (2.4%) children. there was no association with age, sex or location of household. however, relatively higher rate of oocyst exclusion was found among 2-month- to 3-year-old groups (50%) and among children from villages (43%). six children from the group of infected were additionally screened for general immunocompetence. four of these exhibited sig ...	1993	8013931
a risk-assessment model for toxic exposure of small mammalian carnivores to cadmium in contaminated natural environments.	a model is presented to assess the risk of cadmium toxicity in mammalian wildlife in contaminated environments. the target-organ load was used as a hazard indicator and animals were considered to be at risk when a critical value, i.e. the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (loael), was attained or exceeded. the model was developed for sorex araneus, a small mammalian predator with a high potential of attaining the critical target-organ load. model parameter values were estimated from both expl ...	1993	8108718
oogenesis in homozygotes and heterozygotes for robertsonian chromosomal rearrangements from natural populations of the common shrew, sorex araneus.	female common shrews in their first pregnancy were collected near oxford (uk) from the hybrid zone between the oxford and hermitage races. these races differ by robertsonian chromosomal rearrangements and both robertsonian heterozygotes and homozygotes are found in the zone. the three homozygotes examined in this study had significantly more oocytes than the six heterozygotes. among the heterozygotes, the number of oocytes tended to be lower in more severely heterozygous individuals; one double ...	1994	8182595
centrorhynchus aluconis (acanthocephala) and other helminth species in tawny owls (strix aluco) in great britain.	observations on the distribution of centrorhynchus aluconis (acanthocephala) and 6 other species of helminths in the definitive host strix aluco, in tawny owl, are presented. infected owls were collected from 16 sites ranging from tarbet, strathclyde, scotland, to ewhurst, surrey, in the south of england. in addition, unidentified cyclophyllidean cestodes were found in the alimentary tract of the tawny owls. centrorhynchus aluconis was the most prevalent helminth found and had the highest intens ...	1993	8277390
the x-autosome translocation in the common shrew (sorex araneus l.): late replication in female somatic cells and pairing in male meiosis.	common shrews have an xx/xy1y2 sex chromosome system, with the "x" chromosome being a translocation (tandem fusion) between the "original" x and an autosome; in males this autosome is represented by the y2 chromosome. from g-banded chromosomes, the y2 is homologous to the long arm and centromeric part of the short arm of the x. the region of the x that is homologous to the y2 and also the telomeric region of the short arm of the x were found to be early replicating in somatic cells from a female ...	1993	8325167
borrelia burgdorferi in a focus of lyme borreliosis: epizootiologic contribution of small mammals.	the contribution of woodmice (apodemus sylvaticus), yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis) and bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) was compared in a focus of lyme borreliosis in switzerland during a 7 months' study. all three species of mice and one species of shrews (sorex araneus) were shown parasitized by infected ixodes ricinus immatures. about 14% of larvae and 50% of nymphs collected on small mammals were infected with b. burgdorferi. spirochetes were isolated from blood of 3 woodmice ...	1993	8325567
vector and host relationships of california serogroup viruses in western siberia.	during 1990 and 1991, adult mosquitoes were collected along the ob river and its tributaries in western siberia from approximately 51 degrees 18'n to 66 degrees 4'n. fifteen virus strains were isolated from 74,196 mosquitoes tested in 1,874 pools. these included tahyna virus from aedes cataphylla-punctor subgroup (one) and ae. excrucians (one), and inkoo (ink) virus from ae. communis (one), ae. communis subgroup (one), ae. hexodontus (two), ae. punctor subgroup (two), ae. punctor complex (one), ...	1993	8352392
study of a contact between two chromosomally monomorphic races of sorex araneus l. (common shrew).	one hundred and twelve specimens of the common shrew from 21 populations in ne poland were studied from an area of contact between chromosomal race ii (metacentric chromosomes: hi, ko, gm, np) and race vii (ki, hn, gr, mp). no direct contact was found between the races in the study area; there were no mixed or hybrid populations. the shortest distance between populations of the two races was 1.2-1.6 km. possible explanations for this pattern of the races' disjunction are discussed.	1993	8407355
maintenance by hares of european borrelia burgdorferi in ecosystems without rodents.	during may-october 1991 shrews (sorex spp.), small rodents (apodemus spp., clethrionomys glareolus [schreber]), and hares (lepus spp.) were sampled near stockholm, sweden. nymphal ixodes ricinus (l.) derived from blood-engorged larvae collected from these mammals were investigated by phase-contrast microscopy and immunofluorescence assay (ifa) using the monoclonal antibody h6831 directed against the ospb protein of borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner. three rodent s ...	1993	8433337
pneumocystis carinii and helminth parasitism in shrews sorex araneus and sorex caecutiens.	the prevalence of pneumocystis carinii was compared in two species of shrews, sorex araneus and sorex caecutiens in finnish lapland. the overall prevalence of p. carinii in s. araneus was 70% and in s. caecutiens was 17%. the prevalence for s. araneus is the highest reported for wild animals. the interspecific differences in prevalence were significant for all sex and age groups except for adult males. based on multiway contingency tables (log-linear models), there was no dependence between sex ...	1993	8487377
characterization of pneumocystis carinii infection in sorex araneus from southern finland.	histologic and quantitative techniques were compared in an evaluation of the intensity of pneumocystis carinii infection in common shrews (sorex araneus) at espoo, southern finland, from september 1992 to may 1993. the histological scores were comparable to the results of the cyst count technique. the number of p. carinii cysts found in common shrews was low compared to those reported by others in clinically ill laboratory rats. the inflammatory changes detected in the lung sections had no signi ...	1995	8583642
origin and evolution of homologous repeated sequences in the mitochondrial dna control region of shrews.	the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region was amplified and directly sequenced in two species of shrew, crocidura russula and sorex araneus (insectivora, mammalia). the general organization is similar to that found in other mammals: a central conserved region surrounded by two more variable domains. however, we have found in shrews the simultaneous presence of arrays of tandem repeats in potential locations where repeats tend to occur separately in other mammalian species. these loca ...	1996	8583904
gene mapping in the common shrew (sorex araneus; insectivora) by shrew-rodent cell hybrids: chromosome localization of the loci for hprt, tk, ldha, mdh1, g6pd, pgd, and ada.	we selected the common shrew (sorex araneus) to generate the first insectivore gene map. shrew-chinese hamster and shrew- mouse somatic cell hybrid cells were constructed. when the 119 shrew-rodent clones were characterized, only shrew chromosomes were found to have segregated. a panel of hybrid clones was selected for gene assignment. the genes for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt), glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd), and malate dehydrogenase 1 (mdh1) were assigned to shrew ...	1995	8597634
chromosome localization of the loci for pepa, pepb, peps, idh1, gsr, mpi, pgm1, np, sod1, and me1 in the common shrew (sorex araneus).	this report extends the genetic map of the common shrew (sorex araneus) by adding chromosome assignments for ten genes to the seven already mapped (pack et al. 1995). a somatic cell hybrid panel was used for the mapping. the genes for peptidase a (pepa) and isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (idh1) map to chromosome de; the genes for phosphoglucomutase-1 (pgm1), superoxide dismutase-1 (sod1), and mannosephosphate isomerase (mpi) are located on chromosome af; the genes for nucleoside phosphorylase (np) a ...	1996	8661695
myosin heavy chains in skeletal muscles of the common shrew (sorex araneus): absence of a slow isoform and transitions of fast isoforms with ageing.	myosin heavy chain (mhc) composition in seven skeletal muscles of the common shrew (sorex araneus) was analysed by gradient sds-page and immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies. characteristic for the studied muscles (diaphragm, lateral gastrocnemius, medial gastrocnemius, masseter, plantaris, soleus and tibialis anterior) was a total absence of the slow isoform, mhci; all muscles were exclusively composed of two fast isoforms mhciid and mhciib. in young adults the amount of mhciid varied betw ...	1995	8669296
[shrews as a borrelia reservoir in northwestern russia].	the borreliemia was discovered in 22 (44.9%) of 49 common shrews (sorex araneus, soricidae), which were captured in the end of july-august 1995 in the novgorod province. the borreliae were located near the capillaries of the true skin and in the veins of the subcutaneous layer.	1996	8984447
[leptospira antibodies in small mammals in eastern slovakia].	during the five years (1991-1995) mostly free living small mammals were examined serologically for the presence of antibodies to leptospira. serological examinations were used by kmety and bakoss (1978). altogether, 2493 individuals of 22 species were examined, an important part of host material (69.6%) was caught in two lowland areas which are intensively cultivated landscapes (east slovakian lowland and kosická kotlina basin). the remaining material comes from submontane areas with less agricu ...	1996	9045500
pneumocystis carinii of the common shrew, sorex araneus, shows a discrete phenotype.	we carried out an immunohistological and morphological study on pneumocystis carinii originating from the common shrew, sorex araneus. immunologic properties were studied by applying two commercially available immunofluorescence staining kits with differing developmental form specificity to a lung homogenate. the cyst form-specific staining kit reacted with cysts originating from s. araneus. ultrastructurally this particular antigen epitope specifically deposited on the electron-lucent middle la ...	1997	9109260
lung parasites of shrews from pennsylvania.	we examined lung parasites of three species of soricids, sorex cinereus (n = 58), sorex fumeus (n = 23) and blarina brevicauda (n = 45) collected from pennsylvania (usa), from 1990 to 1995. yeast-like cells of hisfoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum were found in lung sections stained with grocott's modification of gomori's methenamine silver, periodic acid-schiff, giemsa, and hematoxylin-eosin in two (3%) s. cinereus, eight (35%) s. fumeus and two (4%) b. brevicauda. the number of spores of h. c ...	1997	9131560
anatomical study of the abdominal arterial system in soricids (insectivora, mammalia): functional and phylogenetic implications.	information on the anatomy of the abdominal arterial system in insectivora is scarce. we described the origin, distribution, and variations of the visceral abdominal arteries in some soricidae in order to provide the first comprehensive data on this subject in insectivora. results were interpreted from a functional and phylogenetic viewpoint.	1997	9143678
robertsonian chromosomal rearrangements in the short-tailed shrew, blarina carolinensis, in western tennessee.	we report significant heterozygosity for numerous robertsonian translocations in the southern short-tailed shrew (blarina carolinensis) in western tennessee. eight robertsonian rearrangements were documented using g-banding techniques that explain the variability in diploid numbers from 46 throughout most of the range of the species to 34-40 in western tennessee. these fusions resulted in the loss of telomere sequences and were not associated with nucleolar organizer regions. when heterozygocity ...	1997	9186509
chromosome localization of the gene for growth hormone in the common shrew (sorex araneus).	the chromosome localization of the gene encoding growth hormone (gh) was determined by southern blotting of dna obtained from a panel of common shrew x chinese hamster and common shrew x mouse hybrid somatic cell clones using mink gh dna as a probe. the gh gene was found to be localized on chromosome hn of the common shrew.	1996	9225591
novosibirsk revisited 24 years on: chromosome polymorphism in the novosibirsk population of the common shrew sorex araneus l.	a robertsonian fusion polymorphism in the common shrew (sorex araneus l.), first described in academgorodok near novosibirsk (western siberia) in 1970-72, was re-examined in 1994-95. the polymorphism in the 1970s involved chromosome arm combinations go, jl, mp and qr, i.e. each of these combinations was present in both a metacentric and a twin-acrocentric state in the population at that time. the twin-acrocentric morph for go occurred at low frequency in 1970-72 and was not observed in 1994-95. ...	1997	9279011
the impact of chronic radioactive stress on the immuno-physiological condition of small mammals.	the mass of internal organs and cellularity index of thymus and spleen were measured in small mammals inhabiting territories with a low level of chronic irradiation caused by the chernobyl accident. comparing with uncontaminated territories from the same region, bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) demonstrated an increase in liver and thymus mass and cellularity index of thymus, while sub-adult shrews (sorex araneus) at contaminated territories had larger body mass, heavier spleen, kidney, and ...	1997	9281840
chromosome location of sixteen genes in the common shrew, sorex araneus l. (mammalia, insectivora).	this report extends the genetic map of the common shrew (sorex araneus) by use of a clone panel of shrew-chinese hamster and shrew-mouse hybrid cells (pack et al., 1995; matyakhina et al., 1996). this set of hybrid clones made it possible to assign the shrew genes for isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (idh2), inorganic pyrophosphatase (pp), glutamicpyruvate transaminase (gpt), adenosine kinase (adk), glucuronidase 2 (gusb) and acid phosphatase 2 (acp2) to chromosome ik; the genes for adenylate kinases ...	1997	9284916
no evidence of sperm selection by female common shrews.	there is currently much interest in the suggestion that females are capable of post-copulatory (or cryptic) choice for male genetic compatibility. here, i investigate this idea using data from mixed-paternity litters of the common shrew (sorex araneus). females of this species are highly promiscuous and, in natural populations, regularly incur costs of inbreeding by mating with close relatives. selection should therefore favour female ability for sperm selection on the basis of male relatedness. ...	1997	9364789
[chromosome coupling in robertsonian heterozygotes in common (sorex araneus) and musk (suncus murinus) shrews].		1997	9376804