Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| hemolymph of anopheles stephensi from noninfected and plasmodium berghei-infected mosquitoes. 1. collection procedure and physical characteristics. | hemolymph was collected from adult female anopheles stephensi by centrifugation of incised mosquitoes. approximately 0.1 muliter was collected from each recently emerged mosquito, although smaller amounts were recovered with increasing age of the mosquito. determinations were made of the ph, osmotic pressure, and specific gravity of this hemolymph at various times during the life of the adult mosquito. the values obtained were within the ranges found for other insects. hemolymph collected from m ... | 1978 | 31425 |
| rapid, large-scale isolation of plasmodium berghei sporozoites from infected mosquitoes. | the discontinuous gradient technique for recovery of malarial sporozoites from mosquitoes (beaudoin et al., 1977) has been modified to speed up recovery and prevent sensitization of mice by components of the gradient which contaminate the sporozoites used as antigen. mouse serum was substituted for bsa in the gradient because the latter produced hypersensitivity. best results were obtained with gradients consisting of medium 199, renografin and mouse serum. heavy and light solution of gradient c ... | 1979 | 39127 |
| susceptibility of larvae of culex fatigans (wiedmann), anopheles stephensi (liston) and aedes aegypti (linn.) to insecticides in pondicherry. | 1999 | 94038 | |
| [toxicity of bacillus thuringienses var. israelensis for larvae of aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi]. | the comparative study of the larvicidal action of b. thuringiensis var. israelensis on a. aegypti and a. stephensi shows the greater sensitivity of a. aegypti, with 100% of mortality in 30 to 40 min. at high doses. but, for both species of mosquito, the toxicity of these bacteria is very high, as shown by the mortality regression curves and by the lc50. this toxicity is associated with the crystals and can be extracted from them by dilute alkali solution, like the general case of the other serot ... | 1978 | 96979 |
| use of attenuated sporozoites in the immunization of human volunteers against falciparum malaria. | three human volunteers were successfully protected against sporozoite challenge by immunization with attenuated sporozoites of the tamenie strain of plasmodium falciparum from ethiopia. the immunizing sporozoites were attenuated by exposing infected anopheles stephensi mosquitos to x-rays at a dose of at least 120 gy (12 000 rad). these irradiated, infected mosquitos were allowed to feed upon volunteers, thereby inoculating sporozoites into their blood stream. during the 10- to 38-week period of ... | 1979 | 120773 |
| small- and large-plaque variants of chikungunya virus in two vertebrate and seven invertebrate cell lines. | nine cells lines--bhk-21, vero, aedes albopictus, a. aegypti (monolayer and howwow vesicles), a. w-albus, a. vittatus, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus--were infected with small- and large-plaque (sp, lp) variants of chikungunya virus. ross strain, and incubated at different temperatures. in the aedes (29 plus or minus 1 degrees c) and the vertebrate cell lines (36 degrees c), infectivity titers of extracellular virus rapidly reached a peak; cytopathic effect (cpe) occurred only in ... | 1975 | 235192 |
| plasmodium falciparum: responses of a semi-immune individual to homologous and heterologous challenges, and non-infectivity of gametocytes in anopheles stephensi. | with strict adherence to ethical guidelines, a semi-immune volunteer was exposed to homologous and heterologous blood challenges with strains of plasmodium falciparum from vietnam and tanzania. on both occasions infections developed, but clinical manifestations were moderated, prepatent periods increased, and parasitemias limited. gametocytes produced by these infections failed to infect anopheles stephensi. possible reasons for this are discussed. | 1978 | 343609 |
| plasmodium falciparum in culture: establishment of additional strains. | the establishment of new strains of plasmodium falciparum in continuous culture is described. one line (fcr-2), isolated from an individual who had traveled extensively through south america, was passed initially through aotus trivirgatus monkeys and then cultured into human erythrocytes using the flow-vial technique. a strain of p. falciparum fmg), shipped by air freight on wet ice from the gambia, was cultured directly from a human infection into continuous culture using the petri dish-candle ... | 1978 | 356635 |
| hemolymph of anopheles stephensi from uninfected and plasmodium berghei-infected mosquitoes. 2. free amino acids. | determinations were made of free amino acids in hemolymph collected from adult female anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. the hemolymph first was fractionated by extraction and precipitation procedures, after which qualitative determinations of free amino acids were made by high voltage thin layer electrophoresis, and thin layer chromatography. subsequent quantitative determinations were made with an automatic amino acid analyzer. the concentration of total free amino acids in the hemolymph rose 60- ... | 1979 | 376812 |
| hemolymph of anopheles stephensi from noninfected and plasmodium berghei-infected mosquitoes. 3. carbohydrates. | determinations were made of carbohydrates in hemolymph collected from adult female mosquitoes (anopheles stephensi). first the hemolymph was fractionated by extraction and precipitation procedures, after which qualitative and quantitative determinations of carbohydrates were made by thin layer chromatography. the most abundant sugars found in the hemolymph were glucose and trehalose, though maltose, glucuronic acid, and inositol could be found after the mosquitoes took blood meals. after the mos ... | 1979 | 376818 |
| partial suppression of malaria parasites in aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi doubly infected with nosema algerae and plasmodium. | 1979 | 395108 | |
| hemolymph volume of noninfected and plasmodium berghei-infected anopheles stephensi. | 1979 | 395256 | |
| pathology of anopheles stephensi after infection with plasmodium berghei berghei. i. mortality rate. | the mortality of p. berghei-infected anopheles stephensi females can be about 30% higher during the first three days than in normal blood-fed mosquitoes. as expected the mortality is higher after feeding on highly infected mice but also depends on the date of feeding and the temperature. infected mosquitoes kept at 25 degrees c die more often than those kept at 21 degrees c. on the other hand sporozoite production needs the low temperature of 21 degrees c. so the sporozoite production rate falls ... | 1979 | 396729 |
| pathology of anopheles stephensi after infection with plasmodium berghei berghei. ii. changes in amino acid contents. | infection with plasmodium berghei results in the disease of a relatively high percentage of mosquitoes depending on the experimental conditions. the damage caused by the parasites may be so severe that the host dies. it can also become manifest for instance in a change in the amino acid content of the mosquito homogenate. the amino acid content of mosquitoes fed on a glucose solution, normal mouse blood, or the blood of infected mice was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively over a period of ... | 1979 | 396730 |
| plasmodium cynomolgi: effects of malaria infection on laboratory flight performance of anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | 1977 | 403087 | |
| studies of day-time resting places of anopheles stephensi liston in salem (tamil nadu). | 1979 | 457198 | |
| a release-recapture experiment with the malaria vector, anopheles stephensi liston, with observations on dispersal, survivorship, population size, gonotrophic rhythm and mating behaviour. | 10 118 female and 10 863 male anopheles stephensi were released on three successive nights at a breeding site near the village of sattoki, punjab province, pakistan during early may, 1977. a total of 721 (7.13%) females and 505 (4.65%) males were recaptured resting indoors, feeding on buffaloes and swarming. the average distance dispersed for females and males recaptured resting inside 13 cattle sheds within 2.17 km of the release point was 165.5 m and 184.8 m, respectively. the maximum longevit ... | 1979 | 496476 |
| the salivary gland chromosomes of anopheles ramsayi and its relationship with anopheles stephensi (culicidae: diptera). | 1979 | 527383 | |
| isolation of metarrhizium anisopliae, beauveria tenella and fusarium oxysporum (deuteromycetes) and their pathogenicity to culex fatigans and anopheles stephensi. | 1979 | 535971 | |
| breeding of anopheles stephensi (liston) in wells and cisterns in salem, tamil nadu. | 1979 | 548474 | |
| seasonal changes in the density and natural mortality of immature stages of the urban malaria vector, anopheles stephensi (liston) in wells in pondicherry. | 1979 | 548475 | |
| a photomap of the salivary gland chromosomes of anopheles stephensi liston (culicidae: diptera). | a photomap of the banding pattern of the salivary gland chromosomes of anopheles stephensi liston, which is first of its kind, has been prepared. the salivary chromosome complement consists of five arms, the shortest of which represents the telocentric x-chromosome, and the remaining four the autosomal arms. a comparison has been made of the banding pattern of this species with other species of the subgenus cellia. | 1977 | 569038 |
| studies on the salivary gland chromosomes of an isolated population of anopheles stephensi (diptera, culicidae). | the salivary gland chromosomes of anopheles stephensi from a local wild population in nadasahib (haryana) have been studied. the banding pattern is compared with the standard pattern of anopheles stephensi (nicd strain). differences in the free ends of the x-chromosome and the autosomal arms have been seen. these differences are both in the shape and the banding pattern of the free ends. the impact of ecogeographic isolation on genetic variability between the two species is also discussed. the n ... | 1977 | 569040 |
| anopheles stephensi: effect of gamma-radiation and chemosterilants on the fertility and fitness of males for sterile male releases. | 1978 | 690317 | |
| chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria from irian jaya (indonesian new guinea). | a strain of plasmodium falciparum, transmitted in irian jaya (indonesian new guinea) was isolated in 1974 and sent to the university of maryland for characterization in nonimmune volunteers. at maryland the indonesia (whit.) strain, as it has been designated, was transmitted to colonized anopheles stephensi. prophylactically, it was not suppressed by proguanil hydrochloride 100 mg. daily. curatively, parasitaemia was not cleared by treatment with 1-5 g. (base) in three days of chloroquine or amo ... | 1976 | 775119 |
| studies on plasmodium ookinetes. 1. isolation and concentration from mosquito midguts. | in a method for isolating a relatively clean suspension of concentrated plasmodium berghei ookinetes from infected midguts of anopheles stephensi at appropriate times after the infective blood meal, the ookinetes are freed from the midguts by enzymatic digestion, and then concentrated by means of a bsa/renografin gradient. the mean number of ookinetes recovered/midgut was 152. more than 95% of the recovered ookinetes were viable by the criteria of motility, incorporation of adenosine and leucine ... | 1976 | 794460 |
| the effect of the microsporidan, nosema algerae, on anopheles stephensi. | 1975 | 803538 | |
| ecology of anopheles stephensi liston in southern iran. | anopheles stephensi mysorensis is an important malaria vector in southern iran. it is known to be the vector of malaria in abadan, bandar abbas, kazeroun and dezful. it readily attacks man. precipitan tests on specimens from different parts of southern iran showed that 15.7% were positive for human blood. this species usually rests indoors, but a small proportion of its population has been caught outdoors. larval habitats vary. this species is resistant to ddt and dieldrin in most of the areas o ... | 1976 | 1006792 |
| linkage study on dieldrin resistance and an inversion on the second chromosome of anopheles stephensi. | in a study on the linkage between the gene for dieldrin resistance and an inversion on the second chromosome in anopheles stephensi, the two factors were found to assort independently. as dieldrin resistance can be assigned either to the third chromosome, or to a position on the second chromosome more than 50 cross-over units from the inversion. | 2013 | 1032324 |
| rodent systems (plasmodium berghei-anopheles stephensi) for screening compounds for potential causal prophylaxis. | an in vivo screening system is described in which drugs administered to rats or mice and challenged with sporozoites are evaluated for their antimalarial properties (causal prophylaxis, suppression, therapy) by the presence or absence of exoerythrocytic forms and parasitemia. the system is composed of a/j mice, sprague-dawley rats, plasmodium berghei, and anopheles stephensi. good correlation has been found between test results and practical application. | 1975 | 1091166 |
| sudden increase in virulence in a strain of plasmodium berghei yoelii. | the mild and chronic 17x strain of plasmodium berghei yoelii showed a sudden increase in virulence following a period of 110 days in the deep freeze. the enhanced virulence was seen in a very high and early parasite peak in the blood and a 100% mortality of all infected mice. the exalted virulence remained unaltered following a number of blood transfers of the strain and after four cyclical transmissions through anopheles stephensi. enzyme pattern studies revealed that the virulent strain posses ... | 1975 | 1098585 |
| mass isolation of anopheles stephensi salivary glands infected with malarial sporozoites. | 1975 | 1100801 | |
| parasitic protozoa of the blood of rodents. v. plasmodium vinckei brucechwatti subsp. nov. a malaria parasite of the thicket rat, thamnomys rutilans, in nigeria. | a description is given of the blood stages of a new subspecies of plasmodium vinckei in the blood of naturally infected thicket rats (thamnomys rutilans) from nigeria and experimentally infected mice. sporogony was obtained at 25 degrees c in anopheles stephensi a. quadrimaculatus and a.l. atroparvus, but sporozoites in the salivary glands of the mosquitoes were never infective. the new parasite is differentiated from 7 other species of malaria parasites of african rodents principally on the mor ... | 1975 | 1211764 |
| [propensity for feeding on blood under laboratory conditions and chromosomal polymorphism in anopheles stephensi]. | propensity to blood feeding under laboratory conditions was studied in females of a. stephensi carriers of different arrangements of a polymorphic paracentric inversion of chromosome 2r (+/+, +/b, b/b). one hour experiments were performed at various hours of the day, in continuous light, with temperature between 26 and 28 degrees c and relative humidity between 65 and 75%, using unfed mosquitoes 4-5 days old and guinea pigs as hosts. the frequency of blood fed females was found to be constantly ... | 1975 | 1233397 |
| fine structure of surface and sunken grooved pegs on the antenna of female anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | 1976 | 1253017 | |
| selection of permethrin resistance in the malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | the laboratory strain of anopheles stephensi, a well-known urban malaria vector, was selected with permethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid at ld90 level up to five generations. the selection resulted in the development of resistance in f5 generation to the tune of 13-fold to permethrin and cross-resistance to the tune of 7-fold to cypermethrin, 9-fold to alphamethrin, and 10-fold to deltamethrin. the development of cross-resistance to 4% ddt was also noticed. the susceptibility status against 5% mala ... | 1992 | 1286731 |
| breeding habits of anopheles stephensi liston in an area of calcutta. | 1992 | 1286735 | |
| note on urban malaria vector anopheles stephensi (liston) in cochin. | 1992 | 1291346 | |
| studies on the infectivity of gametocytes of plasmodium berghei (nk 65) in anopheles stephensi. | the infectivity of gametocytes of plasmodium berghei (nk 65) has been studied in laboratory bred anopheles stephensi. mosquitoes were fed daily on infected male and female mastomys natalensis and subsequent development of the oocysts was monitored in the midguts. maximum number of oocysts were found in mosquitoes which were fed on infected female mastomys on d8 and in male mastomys on d7 post-inoculation. during the next peak of gametocytaemia, very few oocysts developed. these findings suggest ... | 1992 | 1296945 |
| [a trial of breeding anopheles stephensi liston larvae]. | 2009 | 1299763 | |
| influence of short time exposure to an insect growth regulator, hexaflumuron, on mortality and adult emergence of vector mosquitoes. | hexaflumuron, an insect growth regulator (igr), was found to greatly affect the development of immatures and emergence of adults of three species of vector mosquitoes, culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi, when larvae were subjected to short time exposure of < or = 1 h. this igr could completely prevent adult emergence even at a minimum exposure time of 10 min at 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/l. on treatment, larval and pupal mortality as well as varying degrees of morphogeneti ... | 2007 | 1308571 |
| study on the physico-chemical characteristics of breeding grounds in relation to the population density of anopheles stephensi. | the present study which was based on the quarterly sampling and estimation of various physico-chemical factors throw light on the three significant points with regard to the population build up of anopheles stephensi. slightly alkaline ph is essential for higher population density, lower the salinity, higher the population density and higher amount of free ammonia in the water is accounted for the higher population density of a. stephensi. | 1992 | 1344168 |
| chromosomal translocations and inherited semisterility in the malaria vector anopheles stephensi liston. | anopheles stephensi males were irradiated with 3500 rads of gamma rays at the rate of 140 rads/min to induce chromosomal aberrations. seven reciprocal translocations were isolated, including four sex-linked and three autosomal. the presence of translocations were confirmed by cytological analysis. | 1992 | 1344173 |
| susceptibility status of anopheles stephensi liston to insecticides. | 1992 | 1344950 | |
| plasmodium falciparum: in vitro characterization and human infectivity of a cloned line. | the culture-adapted nf54 isolate of plasmodium falciparum was subjected in vitro to three sequential limiting dilution titrations and the resulting clone was given the designation cvd1. dna sequence analysis of the gene encoding the circumsporozoite (cs) protein revealed differences between cvd1 and the published nf54 cs gene. cvd1 had 1191 bp, 397 amino acids, and 42 repeat units while nf54 had 1218 bp, 405 amino acids, and 44 repeat units. the cvd1 clone was more sensitive to chloroquine than ... | 1992 | 1346766 |
| a new serotype of bacillus thuringiensis from colombia toxic to mosquito larvae. | during a survey conducted in colombia a new isolate of bacillus thuringiensis that showed toxicity toward culex quinquefasciatus, cx. pipiens, aedes aegypti, and anopheles stephensi larvae was isolated. parasporal crystals were spherical in shape and showed a great degree of similarity with those produced by the reference strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. supernatant fraction of the whole culture was not toxic, and heat-stable exotoxin production was negative. catalase, urease ... | 1992 | 1347310 |
| a scanning electron microscopic study of the sporogonic development of plasmodium falciparum in anopheles stephensi. | the full development of plasmodium falciparum in anopheles stephensi mosquitoes was studied by scanning electron microscopy. ookinetic development was described from in vitro cultures. growing oocysts beneath the basal lamina of the midgut wall mechanically stretch this lamina until it is torn and displaced by day 7. in young oocysts the wall appears smooth. in older oocysts wrinkles in the wall are visible after routine fixation. osmium tetroxide postfixation greatly reduced the occurrence of t ... | 1992 | 1348599 |
| characterization and toxicity to mosquito larvae of four bacillus sphaericus strains isolated from brazilian soils. | four bacillus sphaericus strains, s1, s2, s5, and l2, isolated from brazilian soils, were found to be toxic to larvae of the mosquitoes culex pipiens and anopheles stephensi at a level similar to that of strain 2362 which is now used operationally. like strain 2362, the four strains belonged to the serotype h5 and produced major proteins of apparent molecular weights of 125, 110, 56, and 43 kda. these latter two proteins were immunologically related to toxins of the same molecular weight as b. s ... | 1992 | 1352318 |
| host range of clostridium bifermentans serovar. malaysia, a mosquitocidal anaerobic bacterium. | clostridium bifermentans serovar. malaysia (c.b.m.) is toxic to mosquito larvae. in this study, we quantified its toxicity to the mosquitoes, aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, ae. caspius, ae. detritus, anopheles stephensi, an. gambiae, culex pipiens and cx. quinquefasciatus. anopheles larvae are the most susceptible, followed by ae. detritus and ae. caspius, then culex and other aedes larvae. according to mosquito species, the lc50 varies from 7 x 10(3) to 1.3 x 10(6) cells/ml. three concentration ... | 1992 | 1357087 |
| cannibalism and carnivory in toxorhynchites splendens (diptera: culicidae). | laboratory reared larvae of toxorhynchites splendens, which were previously starved for 24 hours, cannibalized eggs of their own kind or preyed upon the eggs of other species (aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi) present on the surface of water in small containers. second and third instars consumed eggs faster than first and fourth instars. the first instar consumed larvae of its own kind faster than the other instars, in the absence of other prey. however, when prey larvae were provided, ther ... | 1992 | 1362626 |
| [study on free amino acids and protein in hemolymph of anopheles stephensi]. | the changes in the contents of free amino acids in hemolymph of anopheles stephensi were determined by automatic amino acid analyzer. the changes in hemolymph protein were determined by ultraviolet absorption method. free amino acids in hemolymph of infected mosquitoes were compared with those in noninfected mosquitoes. at 4 days after blood meal, 6 kinds of amino acids decreased markedly, and 5 kinds of amino acids increased markedly; at 7 days after blood meal, 4 kinds of amino decreased marke ... | 1992 | 1394898 |
| comparative efficacy of aphid extracts and some juvenoids against the development of mosquitoes. | comparative efficacy of natural juvenile hormones extracted from aphis craccivora and a. gosypii and 5 juvenoids, i.e., methoprene, neporex, oms 3007, oms 3019 and dpe-28 on the development of aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus have been evaluated. oms 3007, oms 3019, dpe-28 and neporex show species specific related activities, while methoprene and aphid extracts do not show such activity against these mosquito species. treatment of mosquito eggs with an ec50 dose of t ... | 1992 | 1402861 |
| plasmodium falciparum: effect of chloroquine, halofantrine and pyrimethamine on the infectivity of gametocytes for anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | the activity of chloroquine, halofantrine and pyrimethamine against the gametocytes and sporogonic stages of plasmodium falciparum (strain nf54) was tested. five-day-old gametocytes (stages i and ii) from in vitro cultures were exposed to the drugs for 48 hours. the effect of the drugs on gametocyte development was assessed by counting gametocytes on days nine and 15 of culture and determining the infectivity of the drug-treated gametocytes to mosquitoes. gametocytogenesis was partially inhibite ... | 1992 | 1417200 |
| transmission blocking antibody of the plasmodium falciparum zygote/ookinete surface protein pfs25 also influences sporozoite development. | the plasmodium falciparum zygote/ookinete surface protein, pfs25, persists in the oocyst wall throughout its development. anti-25 kd transmission blocking antibody, given to infected anopheles stephensi or a. gambiae mosquitoes in an additional bloodmeal, 3-6 days after being fed gametocyte infected blood, penetrated the oocyst and reacted with the 25 kd protein within it. this reaction caused a significant reduction in the number of developing sporozoites. mouse serum containing antibodies rais ... | 1992 | 1437237 |
| plasmodium falciparum and p. berghei: detection of sporozoites and the circumsporozoite proteins in the saliva of anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | sporozoites and free circumsporozoite (cs) protein were stained immunoenzymatically in 1-min saliva samples collected from anopheles stephensi mosquitoes infected with either plasmodium berghei or p. falciparum. the number of sporozoites in 1-min saliva-streak samples significantly increased as the salivary gland index rose from 3+ to 4+. for p. berghei-infected mosquitoes from which saliva had been collected before 30 days postfeed, the median sporozoite counts for 3+ and 4+ gland indexes were ... | 1992 | 1438147 |
| assignment of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase to chromosome 3 of anopheles stephensi. | genetics and linkage analysis of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-pgd) and malate dehydrogenase (mdh) have been investigated in anopheles stephensi. both these markers were found to be autosomal and linked and have been assigned to linkage group iii. two mutant markers, black larva (bl) and golden-yellow larva (gy), were used to establish the map distances, and the current sequence of loci on chromosome 3 is as follows: bl (3.75)-gy (14.53)-mdh-2 (49.83)-6-pgd. | 1992 | 1445190 |
| trials to infect anopheles stephensi with plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis by the membrane feeding technique. | the aim of this study was to find optimal conditions for the membrane feeding technique to obtain maximum infection rates of mosquitoes with plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis. the results show that the malaria parasite plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis is most infective to anopheles stephensi mosquitoes on day 3 of the infection in the mice, 1 day before the peak of parasitaemia. the mortality rate of the mosquitoes fed on mice on day 3 after infection was the highest as compared to mosquitoes fed on ot ... | 1992 | 1456466 |
| breeding habitats and their contribution to anopheles stephensi in panaji. | a one-year longitudinal study conducted in 9 categories of breeding habitats in panaji, goa, showed that 1.1% of the 67,360 breeding sites contained anopheles stephensi immatures and the overall positivity varied from 0.4 to 3.5% with a peak in june. the habitat-wise proportion of an. stephensi was: wells, 0-1.3%; fountains, 1.4-11.4%; masonry tanks, 0.8-6.1%; overhead tanks, 0.1-4.0%; curing water in construction sites, 0.6-9.0%; groundwater tanks, 0-1.4%; tyres, 0-8.9%; barrels and tins, 0-5.4 ... | 1992 | 1459298 |
| evaluation of emd vaporizers and bioallethrin vaporizing mats against mosquito vectors. | different electric-mat-device (emd) vaporizers and bioallethrin impregnated mats were evaluated for the knockdown and mortality in the adults of culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. percentage knockdown of 80-100 was recorded throughout the test period of 11 hours. however, the percentage mortality observed was not appreciable in all types of emd vaporizers. device "a" was found to be effective only against ae. aegypti. devices "c" and "d" showed moderate effects agains ... | 1992 | 1488702 |
| adult longevity of certain mosquito species after larval and pupal exposure to sublethal concentration of an insect growth regulator, hexaflumuron. | longevity of the adults of three vector species, culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi, and aedes aegypti was drastically reduced when they were exposed at larval and pupal stages to sublethal concentrations of an insect growth regulator hexaflumuron. when the three species were exposed to 0.05 mg/l at the pupal stage, males and females of cx. quinquefasciatus suffered a more shortened life span than other species. among the females whose feeding activity was adversely affected by igr trea ... | 2006 | 1523463 |
| gametocytocidal and sporontocidal activity of antimalarials against plasmodium berghei anka in icr mice and anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | the gametocytocidal and sporontocidal activity of three 8-aminoquinolines (primaquine, wr-238605, and wr-242511), three dihydroacridine-diones (floxacrine, wr-250547, and wr-250548), a 1,4-naphthoquinone (menoctone), a synthetic aminoalcohol (halofantrine), and a guanide (wr-182393) was determined against a cloned line of plasmodium berghei anka. gametocytocidal activity was assessed by treating mice with a single intraperitoneal inoculation of a given compound (25 mg base drug/kg mouse body wei ... | 1992 | 1539752 |
| blood vessel location time by anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | probing behavior of anopheles stephensi liston is characterized by the following: the first probe is longer than subsequent ones, the probability of blood location rises initially and then falls, and blood vessel location is deterministic. the overall probing behavior of an. stephensi, therefore, is similar to that of aedes aegypti (l.); i.e., differences between them were quantitative and may be accounted for by different levels of salivary apyrase and different experimental vertebrate hosts. | 1992 | 1552520 |
| the effect of nosematosis on the development of plasmodium falciparum in anopheles stephensi. | to quantify the effect of nosema algerae (microsporidia, nosematidae) on the development of plasmodium falciparum in anopheles stephensi (diptera, culicidae), we carried out infection experiments under standardized laboratory conditions. apart from a mean reduction of 69% in oocyst development, smaller numbers of oocysts and fewer sporozoites were found in the nosema-infected mosquitoes. in addition, nosematosis resulted in higher mortality. the potential role of nosema algerae as a biological c ... | 1992 | 1557330 |
| immunoenzymatic labeling of multiple plasmodial salivary gland sporozoites in a single test. | a direct, double- and triple-staining immunoenzymatic method detected and differentiated sporozoites by color in anopheles stephensi salivary glands and in mixed sporozoite slide preparations. a double-staining method used beta-galactosidase- and alkaline phosphatase-labeled monoclonal antibodies to the circumsporozoite (cs) proteins of plasmodium berghei and p. falciparum in mosquito salivary glands. the cs proteins were distinguished clearly by the blue-green and red substrate products of beta ... | 1992 | 1558271 |
| defined medium supporting development of cleansed plasmodium berghei ookinetes in anopheles stephensi. | hamsters blood infected with plasmodium berghei was cultured in vitro for the development of ookinetes. the ookinetes were separated from blood components, suspended in various defined media and fed to anopheles stephensi through a membrane. the development of the oocysts and infective sporozoites was recorded. mosquitoes infected with ookinetes suspended in l15 formulated into l15-b, l15-d (a medium specially modified for this purpose), ipl-41 or 199 media with no proteins added, developed at l ... | 1992 | 1563917 |
| the effects of nosema algerae on the development of plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in anopheles stephensi. | experimental simultaneous infections of anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae) with nosema algerae (microsporida: nosematidae) and plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis under standardized laboratory conditions showed partial suppression of the malaria parasite. at 9 days after an infective bloodmeal, the oocysts in the midgut were counted; 12.1%-66.6% of the double-infected mosquitoes exhibited no oocysts, whereas only 4.5%-12% of the control group showed no oocysts. the mean reduction in oocyst numbe ... | 1992 | 1584748 |
| the role of the mosquito peritrophic membrane in bloodmeal digestion and infectivity of plasmodium species. | secretion and luminal formation of the peritrophic membrane (pm) were induced in female anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti by feeding the mosquitoes on a warmed suspension of latex particles in ringer's solution. the pm in a. stephensi was produced from apical secretion vesicles stored in the midgut epithelial cells and secreted into the lumen during feeding. in a. aegypti, the pm was formed de novo. when the latex feeding was followed 24 hr later by a meal of lyophilized pig blood, the 2 mos ... | 1992 | 1597785 |
| development of a polymorphic strain of plasmodium vivax in monkeys. | a strain of plasmodium vivax from thailand with a polymorphic repeat unit of the circumsporozoite protein was established in saimiri sciureus boliviensis and 3 species of aotus monkeys. all 11 attempts to transmit infection via sporozoite inoculation, 4 times to splenectomized s. sciureus boliviensis, 2 times to splenectomized aotus nancymai, and 5 times to intact saimiri monkeys, were successful. anopheles freeborni, anopheles stephensi, anopheles dirus, and anopheles gambiae mosquitoes were in ... | 1992 | 1597793 |
| probing behaviour and sporozoite delivery by anopheles stephensi infected with plasmodium berghei. | we observed that plasmodium berghei sporozoite-infected anopheles stephensi was not impaired in its ability to locate blood on a host. when probing rats, infected mosquitoes took as long as non-infected mosquitoes to locate blood. contrary to previous suggestions, infective mosquitoes delivered sporozoites into mineral oil even after extensively probing a vertebrate host. we observed that, in mosquitoes having probed a host, both the mean number of sporozoites ejected over 3 min into oil (35.9 v ... | 1992 | 1600229 |
| y-chromosome dimorphism in the malaria vector anopheles stephensi from south india. | 1992 | 1600233 | |
| deletion by in vivo recombination shows that the 28-kilodalton cytolytic polypeptide from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is not essential for mosquitocidal activity. | the cyta gene encoding the 28-kda polypeptide of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystals was disrupted in the 72-mda resident plasmid by in vivo recombination, thus indicating that homologous recombination occurs in b. thuringiensis. the absence of the 28-kda protein in b. thuringiensis did not affect the crystallization of the other toxic components of the parasporal body (68-, 125-, and 135-kda polypeptides). the absence of the 28-kda protein abolished the hemolytic activity of b. t ... | 1991 | 1675212 |
| [the specific nature of the irritability to fenitrothion and malathion in blood-sucking mosquitoes]. | several populations of malaria mosquitos were previously discovered to have different irritability to two insecticides of the organophosphorous group, such as fenitrothion and malathion. individual comparison of fenitrothion and malathion irritability levels in laboratory colonies of anopheles stephensi, an. atroparvus, culex pipiens, aedes aegypti, and ae. togoi and in the natural population of an. martinius has shown that irritability to the two chemicals is specific in all the six species. th ... | 1991 | 1676826 |
| metabolites of fungi & actinomycetes active against mosquito larvae. | extracellular secondary metabolites from 350 fungi and 94 actinomycetes were screened for larvicidal activity against culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. of them, 133 fungal metabolites and 35 from actinomycetes were active. two from streptomyces sp. and one from paecilomyces sp. were highly active with lc50 value of 1-3 microliters/ml. the metabolites were more toxic to c. quinquefasciatus than to a. stephensi or ae. aegypti larvae. | 1991 | 1677347 |
| involvement of mono-oxygenases as a major mechanism of deltamethrin-resistance in larvae of three species of mosquitoes. | role of mono-oxygenases as a mechanism of resistance to the synthetic pyrethroid, deltamethrin in the larvae of culex quinquefasciatus say, aedes aegypti l. and anopheles stephensi liston developed by laboratory selections with deltamethrin, ddt or deltamethrin and the synergist, piperonyl butoxide (pbo) in the ratio of 1:5, was investigated. there was a significant correlation with mono-oxygenase activity and larval lc50 to deltamethrin in various strains of all the three species. in addition, ... | 1991 | 1678732 |
| tralomethrin (oms-3048), a new synthetic pyrethroid against vector mosquitoes. | tralomethrin (oms-3048) a synthetic pyrethroid, was tested for its insecticidal properties in the laboratory against normal strains of culex quinquefasciatus, cx. tritaeniorhynchus, cx. sitiens, anopheles stephensi, an. culicifacies, aedes aegypti and armigeres subalbatus and against strains of cx. quinquefasciatus resistant to fenthion and malathion. tralomethrin showed good larvicidal activity against all the species tested. lc50 ranged between 7.00 x 10(-6) and 9.10 x 10(-3) mg (ai)/l. resist ... | 1991 | 1688021 |
| flight activity of insecticide resistant and susceptible anopheles stephensi mosquitoes in actograph chambers lined with malathion, gamma hch or dieldrin. | the activity and resting behaviour of resistant and susceptible anopheles stephensi liston were recorded in acoustic actograph chambers lined with residual deposits of malathion, dieldrin or gamma hch. in gamma hch-treated flight chambers, ss and rs mosquitoes became active only after picking up lethal doses of insecticide, which explains why few ss and rs mosquitoes survive release into gamma hch-treated experimental huts. similar results were obtained in flight chambers treated with dieldrin; ... | 1990 | 1722725 |
| genetics of isocitrate dehydrogenase in anopheles stephensi. | 1991 | 1722974 | |
| etiologic significance of mosquito (anopheles stephensi) in respiratory allergy in india. | the etiologic significance of anopheles stephensi, a common mosquito species in delhi, in respiratory allergic disorders was investigated. intradermal (id) tests with the mosquito whole body extract (wbe) were performed on 247 patients with bronchial asthma and/or rhinitis and 50 healthy nonallergic volunteers. of these 247 patients, 118 (47.8%) had positive (1+ to 4+) reactions including 72 (29.1%) with markedly positive (2+ to 4+) id reactions. we did not observe any 2+ to 4+ skin reactions in ... | 1991 | 1750723 |
| detection of mature malaria infections in live mosquitoes. | a method has been developed which detects malaria parasites in the salivary glands of live anopheles stephensi. the method exploits the sugar feeding behaviour of the mosquito and requires only routine western blotting techniques on nitrocellulose membrane (ncm). infectivity can be determined without any direct manipulation of individual mosquitoes. female a. stephensi were infected with the rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei, and after 14-16 d were starved of fructose overnight (12-18 ... | 1991 | 1755048 |
| blood digestion in the mosquito, anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae): activity and distribution of trypsin, aminopeptidase, and alpha-glucosidase in the midgut. | the activities of trypsin, aminopeptidase, and alpha-glucosidase were studied in the whole midgut, anterior and posterior midgut, and posterior midgut lumen and epithelium of the mosquito anopheles stephensi liston. trypsin activity was restricted entirely to the posterior midgut lumen. no trypsin activity was found before the blood meal, but activity increased continuously up to 30 h after feeding, and subsequently returned to baseline levels by 60 h. aminopeptidase was active in anterior and p ... | 1991 | 1770523 |
| genetic hybrids of plasmodium falciparum identified by amplification of genomic dna from single oocysts. | individual oocysts from plasmodium falciparum-infected anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi mosquitoes have been examined by the pcr technique, after their removal from the midgut. the dna obtained from these oocysts has been amplified using oligonucleotide primers specific for part of the merozoite surface antigen msa-1 gene. this technique distinguishes oocysts which are the products of self-fertilisation events from those which are the products of cross-fertilisation between different pa ... | 1991 | 1775167 |
| controlled release repellent formulations on human volunteers under three climatic regimens. | two controlled-release repellent formulations containing 33% (3m) and 42% (biotek) deet and an army repellent containing 75% deet were evaluated in 3 different climatic regimens (tropical forested, tropical open and basic hot environments). the 3 repellents provided similar protection for different time periods after application under all 3 climates against aedes aegypti, ae. taeniorhynchus and anopheles stephensi whereas there was no difference in protection period against an. albimanus. | 1991 | 1791462 |
| the fate of plasmodium gallinaceum in anopheles stephensi liston and possible barriers to transmission. | plasmodium gallinaceum develops up to the ookinete stage in the non-compatible mosquito, anopheles stephensi, this development occurring over the same time period and with the same success as in the compatible vector, aedes aegypti. the slower digestive rate in an. stephensi, smaller blood-meal and lower enzyme activity than in aedes, and an acceleration of the formation of the peritrophic membrane (pm) do not inhibit the development of the parasite. however, the ookinetes are not able to penetr ... | 1991 | 1793266 |
| the effect of defined media, additive nutrients and metabolites on the development of the sporogony cycle of plasmodium berghei in anopheles stephensi. | anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were infected with plasmodium berghei by feeding on parasitaemic hamsters. after the infective blood meal they were separated into groups that were maintained on sugar solutions containing different additives. the numbers of oocysts developing in the various groups were then compared. when either casein, haemoglobin or foetal bovine serum was added to the sugar, the yield of oocysts was 1.6-2.1 times higher than that in controls fed only on sugar solutions. when ei ... | 1991 | 1796879 |
| characterization of mboi repeat dna sequence of anopheles stephensi. | mboi repeat fragment of mosquito anopheles stephensi has been isolated by molecular cloning. the restriction map and entire nucleotide sequence of the 433bp insert has been determined. hybridization of this repeat dna with restriction enzyme digest of mosquito dna does not show an interspersed pattern but suggests that this repeat may be tandemly repeated at one major site and a few minor sites in the genome of anopheles stephensi. the hybridization pattern also indicates that this repeat family ... | 2008 | 1812089 |
| [plasmodium vinckei petteri: various aspects of its sporogony and exoerythrocytic schizogony]. | a study of plasmodium vinckei peterri sporogony was performed by experimental infection of anopheles stephensi with gametocytes from infected mice. the study includes the description of the ookinete, complete evolution of oocysts and their final transformation to sporozoites. these were later used for intravenous infection of new mice, in order to study the exoerythrocytic schizogony. the morphology of exoerythrocytic schizonts was similar to that of other species of the same group. the minimal ... | 1991 | 1844972 |
| feeding behaviour and sporozoite ejection by infected anopheles stephensi. | anopheles stephensi mosquitoes infected with plasmodium falciparum sporozoites were allowed to feed individually through fresh whole thickness mouse skin. more sporozoites were ejected into the skin in clusters than into the blood. deposition of sporozoites in the blood was an infrequent occurrence and always coincided with ejection of these stages into the skin--perhaps a spill-over effect. the number of probes before feeding (median 4.5) was not correlated with the sporozoite inoculum (median ... | 1991 | 1887464 |
| deet and permethrin as protectants against malaria-infected and uninfected anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | deet and permethrin were evaluated as protectants against plasmodium falciparum-infected, p. berghei-infected and uninfected anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. deet 50% effective dose (ed50) values were 3.2 micrograms/cm2 for p. falciparum-infected and 1.9 micrograms/cm2 for uninfected mosquitoes; permethrin values were 0.5 micrograms/cm2 and 0.6 micrograms/cm2, respectively. deet ed50 values were 2.3 micrograms/cm2 for p. berghei-infected and 1.3 micrograms/cm2 for uninfected mosquitoes; the perme ... | 1991 | 1895090 |
| the acetylcholinesterase gene of anopheles stephensi. | 1. the acetylcholinesterase (ache) gene from the important malaria vector anopheles stephensi has been isolated by homology to the drosophila acetylcholinesterase gene. 2. the complete sequence and intron-exon organization has been determined. the encoded protein has 69% identity to drosophila ache and 38 and 36% identity to torpedo ache and human butyrylcholinesterase, respectively. | 1991 | 1901515 |
| plasmodium berghei ookinete densities in three anopheline species. | plasmodium berghei ookinete kinetics and densities were examined in the blood meals of 3 species of anopheles mosquitoes fed simultaneously from a gametocytemic mouse. simple techniques were developed for estimating relative and absolute ookinete densities within individual mosquito blood meals. the kinetics of ookinete formation were similar in all 3 species, with peak ookinete densities occurring from 12 to 24 hr postingestion. ookinete densities consistently were lower in anopheles stephensi ... | 1991 | 1919925 |
| [clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia, a new anaerobic bacterium pathogen to mosquito and blackfly larvae]. | a strain of clostridium bifermentans individualized as serovar malaysia (c.b.m.) according to its specific h antigen is toxic to mosquito and blackfly larvae when given orally. the toxicity occurs in sporulated cells which contain, in addition to spores, proteinic parasporal inclusion bodies and feather-like appendages; the amino acid content of the inclusion bodies is similar to that of bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (b.t.i.) and b. sphaericus crystals. the toxicity to anopheles ste ... | 1990 | 1972899 |
| resistance of permethrin to weathering in fabrics treated for protection against mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | two different methods of treating cotton and nylon-cotton fabrics with permethrin were evaluated for protection from mosquito bites after laboratory weathering. cotton fabric treated by the individual dynamic absorption method provided consistently better protection than cotton fabric treated by the aerosol method. the nylon-cotton fabric provided similar protection regardless of the treatment method. after weathering, the toxic effects of both types of permethrin-treated fabrics treated by both ... | 1990 | 1974929 |
| clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia: sporulation, biogenesis of inclusion bodies and larvicidal effect on mosquito. | sporulation of clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia, which has a larvicidal activity towards mosquitoes, was examined by electron microscopy. parasporal inclusion bodies lacking a crystalline structure were first detected at t5 (5 h after the end of exponentional growth). also, the presence of "brush-bottle"-like appendages appearing first at t5 was noted; these remained attached to the spores when released after sporangium lysis. larvicidal activity assayed on anopheles stephensi larvae ap ... | 1990 | 1980958 |
| insecticidal activity of carbosulfan (oms 3022) and pyraclofos (oms 3040) against mosquitoes. | carbosulfan (oms 3022), a carbamate and pyraclofos (oms 3040), an organophosphate were evaluated for their biological activity against vector mosquitoes, both in laboratory and field conditions. carbosulfan (25% ec), was found to be active against adults and immatures of culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. the ld values for adults were 6.65, 5.19 and 8.35 micrograms/cm2 and lc 50values for immatures were 5.4 x 10(-5), 1.6 x 10(-4 and 5.4) x 10(-4) 50mg/1 respectively. ... | 1990 | 1983012 |
| spiroplasma (mollicutes: spiroplasmataceae) pathogenic for aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | intrathoracic inoculation with the mosquito spiroplasma, spiroplasma taïwanense abalain-colloc et al., was found to reduce significantly the survival of adult male and female aedes aegypti (l.) and anopheles stephensi liston. this spiroplasma also reduced significantly the flight capacity of adult female ae. aegypti 5-8 d after inoculation and adult female an. stephensi 4 d after inoculation. adult female an. stephensi were incapable of flight 5 d after inoculation. as such, s. taïwanense joins ... | 1991 | 2056503 |
| quantitation of plasmodium falciparum sporozoites transmitted in vitro by experimentally infected anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi. | the frequency and numbers of plasmodium falciparum sporozoites transmitted in vitro and corresponding sporozoite loads were determined for experimentally infected anopheles gambiae and an. stephensi. geometric mean (gm) sporozoite loads in three experiments ranged from 808 to 13, 905 for an. gambiae and from 6, 608 to 17, 702 for an. stephensi. a total of 44.1% of 68 infected an. gambiae and 49.2% of 63 infected an. stephensi transmitted sporozoites in vitro. the gm number of sporozoites transmi ... | 1991 | 2063960 |
| [in vitro cultivation of the exoerythrocytic stage of plasmodium berghei]. | this paper reports on an in vitro culture system for the exoerythrocytic (ee) stage of plasmodium berghei (p.b.) using embryonic lung cells. the system was first developed by our laboratory in china. the embryonic lung cells were isolated by trypsin digestion of a human embryonic lung obtained from a therapeutic abortion case and was designated as cell line elu 8801. anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were infected by biting p.b. anka strain infected kunming mice and after 18-21 days were dissected ... | 1991 | 2065449 |
| [effect of a growth inhibitor, oms 2017, on the fertility of anopheles stephensi liston, 1091 (diptera: culicidae]. | susceptibility of the anopheles stephensi in front of a growth inhibitory product, type ecdysoid, who 2017, under laboratory conditions, was detected. in addition, an inhibitory effect on fecundity was found after the exposition of initial fourth stage larvae in front of a dose of 0.001 mg/l. | 2009 | 2089505 |
| large-scale production of plasmodium vivax sporozoites. | mass-scale production of plasmodium vivax sporozoites in anopheles stephensi was achieved using the chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) as a source of infective blood. membrane feeding was as successful as feeding mosquitoes directly on the animal so long as the time between drawing the blood and feeding was restricted to 45 min. longer delays such as 2-3 h resulted in loss of infectivity in terms of oocyst production. the selected strain of a. stephensi was highly susceptible to p. vivax (chesson stra ... | 1990 | 2092287 |
| genetics of golden-yellow larva in anopheles stephensi. | two larval body color mutants, golden-yellow larva (gy) and black larva (bl) were isolated from laboratory strains of anopheles stephensi. the inheritance pattern revealed that golden-yellow larva was an autosomal recessive and black larva an autosomal semi-dominant mutant. both of these mutants were found to be linked with a map distance of 3.75 +/- 0.42 and have been placed in linkage group iii. | 1990 | 2098476 |