Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| characteristics of two new reticuloendotheliosis virus isolates of turkeys. | reticuloendotheliosis (re) virus strains mn81 and mn67 isolated from epiornithics of re in turkeys were partially characterized. strains mn81 and mn67 replicated in chicken embryo fibroblast,duck embryo fibroblast and turkey embryo-fibroblast cultures and produced syncytial cytopathic effects in duck embryo fibroblast and turkey embryo fibroblast cultures. the virions of mn81 and mn67 measured approximately 100 nm in diameter, resembled re virus strain t, and could be distinguished from avian le ... | 1977 | 15487 |
| dna polymerase of reticuloendotheliosis virus: inability to detect endogenous rna-directed dna synthesis. | 1975 | 48308 | |
| a comparative study of the avian reticuloendotheliosis virus: relationship to murine leukemia virus and viruses of the avian sarcoma-leukosis complex. | 1975 | 48309 | |
| rna-directed dna polymerase activity of reticuloendotheliosis virus: characterization of the endogenous and exogenous reactions. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) contains an endogenously instructed, rna-directed dna polymerase activity. both the endogenous and exogenous dna polymerase activities exhibited up to 10-fold greater activity at the optimum concentration of manganous ion (0.025 mm for exogenous; 0.25 mm for endogenous) than at any concentration of magnesium ion. antiserum to the dna polymerase of an rev group virus (spleen necrosis virus) inhibited both endogenous and exogenous dna polymerase activity of rev, w ... | 1975 | 51935 |
| characterization of endogenous rna-directed dna polymerase activity of reticuloendotheliosis viruses. | reticuloendotheliosis viruses (rev) contain an endogenous rna-directed dna polymerase activity. the endogenous dna polymerase activity can be elicited in purified preparations of rev by treatment with nonionic detergents. the enzyme activity has a strong preference for manganous ions. therefore, appreciable endogenous dna polymerase activity can be demonstrated only if the reaction mixture contains appropriate concentrations of manganous ions. enzyme activity can be inhibited by pretreatment wit ... | 1975 | 51936 |
| the reticuloendotheliosis viruses. | 1975 | 53119 | |
| group-specific antigen shared by the members of the reticuloendotheliosis virus complex. | the polypeptides of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) were separated by gel filtration in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride. the eight peaks obtained by gel filtration were then analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and four appeared to contain single polypeptides. the material identified as p29 was used to prepare antiserum. this protein constitutes the major internal non-glycosylated polypeptide in the virion. double immunodiffusion indicated that the antiserum was specific for ... | 1976 | 56462 |
| pheasant virus: new class of ribodeoxyvirus. | cocultivation of cells derived from embryos of golden pheasants or amherst pheasants with chicken embryo cells infected with bryan strain of rous sarcoma virus resulted in the detection of viruses which appear to be endogenous in these pheasant cells. the pheasant viruses (pv) were similar to avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses (alsv) in their gross morphology, in the size of their rna, in the presence of a virion-associated rna-dependent dna polymerase (dna nucleotidyltransferase; deoxynucleoside tr ... | 1976 | 57621 |
| an rna-dependent dna polymerase, different from the known viral reverse transcriptases, in the chicken system. | the properties of an rna-dependent dna polymerase (an rna-dependent dna nucleotidyltransferase), which occurs ubiquitously in the allantoic fluid of uninfected, leukosis-virus-free eggs, are described. it is shown that the enzyme can synthesize faithful transcripts from natural rna (globin mrna). by biochemical and immunological methods, the enzyme can be clearly distinguished from the reverse transcriptases of the known chicken rna tumor viruses and therefore seems to be a member of a so far un ... | 1976 | 61587 |
| serotherapy of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus-induced tumors. | immune serum, obtained from animals that had survived sublethal challenge with re virus, was very effective in achieving tumor cures in chickens infected with this virus. the therapeutic effect could also be obtained by the immunoglobulin fraction of immune serum. the serum did not influence the development of an unrelated malignancy. serotherapy studies in bx and tx recipients indicate that the b-cell or t-cell system of the host does not significantly contribute to the curative activity of imm ... | 1976 | 63259 |
| a new, not virus related reverse transcriptase in the chicken system. | 1976 | 64385 | |
| the reverse transcriptase. | 1977 | 66065 | |
| characterization of a new reverse transcriptase of possibly cellular origin in the chicken system. | the properties of an rna-dependent dna polymerase, which occurs ubiquitously in the allantoic fluid of uninfected, leukosis-virus-free eggs, are described. it is shown that the enzyme can synthesize faithful transcripts from natural rna (globin mrna). with biochemical and immunological methods, the enzyme can be clearly distinguished from the reverse transcriptases of the known chicken rna tumour viruses and therefore seems to be a member of a so far unknown class of chicken polymerases. our dat ... | 1977 | 66920 |
| a very sensitive biochemical assay for detecting and quantitating avian oncornaviruses. | 1977 | 69360 | |
| immunological characterization of the rna-dependent dna polymerase from reticuloendotheliosis virus. | 1977 | 74790 | |
| isolation and characterization of a virus-specific ribonucleoprotein complex from reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed chicken bone marrow cells. | chicken bone marrow cells transformed by reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) produce in the cytoplasm a ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complex which has a sedimentation value of approximately 80 to 100s and a density of 1.23 g/cm3. this rnp complex is not derived from the mature virion. an endogenous rna-directed dna polymerase activity is associated with the rnp complex. the enzyme activity was completely neutralized by anti-rev dna polymerase antibody but not by anti-avian myeloblastosis virus dna poly ... | 1978 | 81319 |
| rna-directed dna polymerase from particles released by normal goose cells. | cells from a goose embryo were shown to release particle-associated rna-directed dna polymerase and rnase h activities that required the presence of nonidet p-40 for detection. the particles were not infectious and did not have endogenous dna synthesis. the goose particle dna polymerase was related to the dna polymerase of spleen necrosis virus with respect to size and was inhibited by immunoglobulin g to spleen necrosis virus dna polymerase. however, goose cells producing dna polymerase-contain ... | 1979 | 87517 |
| reticuloendotheliosis virus: detection of immunological relationship to mammalian type c retroviruses. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) p30 shares cross-reactive determinants and a common nh2-terminal tripeptide with mammalian type c viral p30's. an interspecies competition radioimmunoassay was developed, using iodinated rev p30 and a broadly reactive antiserum to mammalian virus p30's. the avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses and mammalian non-type c retroviruses did not compete in this assay. previous data indicating that the rev group is not represented completely in normal avian cell dna lead us t ... | 1979 | 87519 |
| comparison of the small rnas of polymerase-deficient and polymerase-positive rous sarcoma virus and another species of avian retrovirus. | the small rnas contained in virions of avian leukosis and sarcoma viruses are a virus-specific subset of the total small rna population of the host cell. the reverse transcriptase protein must be present in the budding virion for this selection to take place. virions of the alpha form of the bryan strain of rous sarcoma virus, which lack detectable reverse transcriptase, incorporated an unselected population of small rnas identical to total chicken cell small rna. virions of reticuloendotheliosi ... | 1979 | 87521 |
| avian reticuloendotheliosis viruses: evolutionary linkage with mammalian type c retroviruses. | reticuloendotheliosis viruses have been shown to be causative of tumors in a variety of avian species. the major structural protein of these non-genetically transmitted viruses is demonstrated to possess antigenic determinants common to those of all known mammalian type c viruses. these findings establish a mammalian origin for this oncogenic avian retrovirus group. none of the known mammalian type c virus groups demonstrated a closer immunological relationship to avian reticuloendotheliosis vir ... | 1979 | 89204 |
| biochemical characterization of the type c retrovirus associated with lymphoproliferative disease of turkeys. | turkeys inoculated with spleen extracts from lymphoproliferative disease (lpd)-affected birds developed viremia, followed by typical lpd lesions. electron microscopy and biochemical characterization established that the virus present in the blood of infected turkeys is a type c retrovirus. the viral particles possess a buoyant density of 1.17 g/ml in sucrose gradients; they contain high-molecular-weight rna and an rna-instructed dna polymerase with efficient exogenous and endogenous activity. th ... | 1979 | 90160 |
| pheasant virus dna polymerase is related to avian leukosis virus dna polymerase at the active site. | the dna polymerase from amherst pheasant virus (apv), a member of the pheasant virus species of retroviruses, was compared to the dna polymerases of avian leukosis viruses (alv) and a reticuloendotheliosis virus (spleen necrosis virus (snv)). immunoglobulin inhibition tests and competition immunoassays showed that apv and alv dna polymerases are closely related at their active sites. the determinants common to their active sites are not shared by snv dna polymerase. bu using a species-specific r ... | 1979 | 94361 |
| studies on the replication of reticuloendotheliosis virus: detection of viral-specific dna sequences in infected chick cells. | 1975 | 165622 | |
| isolation and characterization of viruses from natural outbreaks of reticuloendotheliosis in turkeys. | we have described the in vitro isolation of type-c rna viruses from two outbreaks of a fatal neoplastic disease in turkeys we diagnosed as reticuloendotheliosis. the virus had a density of 1.16 g/ml in sucrose gradients, had a dna polymerase capable of using both endogenous and exogenous (synthetic) templates, and was infectious in vitro for turkey and chick cells. the culture-propagated virus was oncogenic for turkeys. the virus isolates were unrelated to avian leukosis virus and antigenically ... | 1975 | 166189 |
| in vitro studies on allotype suppression. iii. compounds of antiallyotype serum active in release from allotype suppression. | spleen cells of b4b6 rabbits, shown to be deficient in their ability to produce b4ig due to prenatal exposure to anti-b4, formed anti-t2 antibodies marked with the b4 determinant in response to solubilized t2 phage (s-t2) only when cultured in the presence of antibodies specific for the nonsuppressed type (b6), thus confirming and extending the previously reported observation of release from b4 suppression in cultured cells of b4-suppressed b4b5 rabbits treated with anti-b5 serum. only antiallo ... | 1975 | 167094 |
| replication of reticuloendotheliosis viruses in cell culture: chronic infection. | after an initial acute infection with cell killing, chicken or duck embryo fibroblasts infected in culture with reticuloendotheliosis viruses set up a chronic infection with no cell killing or morphological transformation. essentially all of the chronically infected cells produced virus. the virus production was not sensitive to cytosine arabinoside or mitomycin c as was virus production in an acute infection. the chronically infected cells had a strong group-specific resistancto the c.p.e. of s ... | 1975 | 167114 |
| infectious dna from cells infected with rous sarcoma virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus or rous-associated virus-o. | we have described an efficient and quantitative assay for infectious dna of the avian ribodeoxyviruses and have applied this method to study the possible existence of infectious viral dnas in uninfected cells. infectious dna from cells infected with rsv or rev consisted of a single unit of dna with a specific infectivity of 10(-5)-10(-6). the minimum molecular weight of rsv dna required for infection of chicken cells was about 6 million, while the minimum molecular weight of infectious rev dna w ... | 1975 | 169004 |
| comparative ultrastructural study of four reticuloendothelias viruses. | the morphology and development of four members of the reticuloendotheliosis virus group were studied by transmission electron microscopy. virions of duck spleen necrosis virus, duck infectious anemia virus, chicken syncytial virus, and reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t are sperical with a diameter of approximately 110 nm. they are covered with surface projections about 6 nm long and 10 nm in diameter. the center-to-center distance of surface projections is about 14 nm. the budding virions con ... | 1975 | 170410 |
| polypeptide and rna composition of the reticuloendotheliosis viruses. | the rna and polypeptide composition of chick syncytial virus (csv) and duck infectious anemia virus (diav) was investigated and compared to that of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) strain t, the prototype of the newly recognized rev group of viruses. csv and diav contain genomic rna species which cosediment with those of rev in sucrose gradients. five or six polypeptides, two of which are glycoproteins, were consistently found in csv and diav preparations. the major nonglycosylated polypeptides ... | 1975 | 172472 |
| enhancement and interference in chickens inoculated with marek's disease herpesvirus and oncornaviruses. | enhancement of mortality rates and symptomatology was observed in isolator-held lsi-spf chickens concurrently inoculated with mdhv and avian oncornaviruses (rav-1, rav-2, rav-7, rav-50, or rev). interference with md antigen production also was demonstrated in extracts of the feather follicle epithelium from chickens inoculated with both mdhv and rav-1. | 1975 | 174137 |
| naturally occurring reticuloendotheliosis in turkeys: transmission. | this report describes the natural occurrence and experimental transmission of reticuloendotheliosis in a turkey flock. in the naturally affected turkeys, lesions were present in the liver, spleen, heart, intestines, and peripheral nerves, and were composed mainly of lymphoreticular cells. the disease was experimentally reproduced in turkey poults with cellfree tissue extracts of infected birds. a type-c rna virus similar to reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain t) was present in the tissues of tur ... | 1976 | 176388 |
| effect of medium of lowered nacl concentration on virus release and protein synthesis in cells infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | when cultures producing reticuloendotheliosis virus were incubated for 24 h in medium of lowered nacl concentration, virus production was inhibited. the extent of inhibition increased as the salt concentration of the medium was decreased. the inhibition was rapidly reversed by replacement of low-salt medium with normal medium. during the first hour after the inhibited cultures were returned to normal medium, virus was released at an accelerated rate, making the total amount of virus released by ... | 1976 | 176425 |
| genomic complexities of murine leukemia and sarcoma, reticuloendotheliosis, and visna viruses. | the genetic complexities of several ribodeoxyviruses were measured by quantitative analysis of unique rnase t1-resistant oligonucleotides from 60-70s viral rnas. moloney murine leukemia virus was found to have an rna complexity of 3.5 x 10(6) daltons, whereas moloney murine sarcoma virus had a significantly smaller genome size of 2.3 x 10(6). reticuleondotheliosis and visna virus rnas had complexities of 3.9 x 10(6), respectively. analysis of rnase a-resistant oligonucleotides of rous sarcoma vi ... | 1976 | 176429 |
| a lymphoproliferative disease in japanese quail. | a naturally occurring lymphoproliferative disease was found in 3 flocks of japanese quail in mexico. the tumorlike lesions were detected mainly in livers and spleens. histopathology revealed a pleomorphic lymphoproliferative infiltration with dark-staining large cells, lymphocytes of different sizes, and reticulumlike cells. marek's disease (md) herpesvirus was not isolated from 74 quail tested, nor were antibodies to md detected in 84 sera. antibodies to reticuloendotheliosis (3/24) and avain l ... | 1976 | 176987 |
| reticuloendotheliosis group virus pathogenic to chicken isolated from material infected with turkey herpesvirus (hvt). | 1976 | 180962 | |
| rna polymerase activity in purified virions of avian reticuloendotheliosis viruses. | an rna polymerase activity that synthesizes a u-rich rna hydrogen bonded to a large viral rna molecule was found in the cores of virions of avian reticuloendotheliosis viruses (rev). the rna polymerase activity was separable from the dna polymerase activity of rev virions. the 5'-terminus of the newly synthesized rna was a. in addition, a trna nucleotidyl transferase activity, which added -cpcpa ends to trna, appears to be present in the rev virions. | 1976 | 183017 |
| a study of plaque formation with avian rna tumor viruses. | 1976 | 183351 | |
| studies on the etiology of lymphomas in turkeys: isolation of reticuloendotheliosis in virus. | studies of tissues from 25 normal turkey flocks and of 15 selected turkey lymphoid tumors revealed no marek's disease or lymphoid leukosis viruses, although reticuloendotheliosis viruses (rev) were isolated from 3 flocks (2 with a history of neoplastic disease). the rev isolates were culturally and antigenically similar to the prototype rev strain t but were of low pathogenicity. attempts failed to transmit 6 lymphoid tumors of diverse origin by inoculation into 2 strains of recipient turkeys. t ... | 1976 | 186011 |
| inoculation experiment of marek's disease vaccine contaminated with a reticuloendotheliosis virus. | two-day-old chicks were inoculated with one or ten doses of marek's disease (md) vaccine originated from the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) and contaminated with a reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). as a result, they presented such symptoms as abnormality in the vane of remiges, undergrowth, anemia, and leg paralysis. these symptoms were the same as those induced by the same vaccine among chicks in the field. control chicks which had been placed in the same house as those inoculated with the vacci ... | 1976 | 189219 |
| isolation of a reticuloendotheliosis virus from chickens inoculated with marek's disease vaccine. | over a period from spring to fall in 1974, a disease with delayed growth, anemia, abnormal feathers, and leg paralysis as main symptoms broke out in flocks of chickens inoculated with marek's disease vaccine. a virus was isolated from affected birds in the field and the same lot of marek's disease vaccine as inoculated into these birds. it had a common antigenicity to the t strain of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) and could not be discriminated from this strain on the basis of morphology or p ... | 1976 | 189220 |
| infectious dna of spleen necrosis virus is integrated at a single site in the dna of chronically infected chicken fibroblasts. | the infectious dnas of a number of avian leukosis-sarcoma and reticuloendotheliosis viruses were digested with six nucleotide-specific restriction endonucleases, and the digests were tested for infectivity. all of the enzymes inactivated the viral infectivities except for ecori, which did not inactivate the infectivity of the dna of two of the reticuloendotheliosis viruses, spleen necrosis and chick syncytial viruses. the infectious dna of spleen necrosis virus after digestion with ecori had a b ... | 1977 | 189309 |
| pathogenesis of abnormal feathers in chickens inoculated with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | abnormal feathers, characterized by thinness and increased transparency of the calamus and rachis, and loss of barbs, were induced at a high frequency by inoculating day-old chicks with reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) propagated in chicken-embryo fibroblast (cef) cultures. the few birds that survived inoculation with oncogenic stock of rev derived from liver tissue of an infected chick developed similar abnormalities. lesions of an inflammatory-degenerative type were observed in close associat ... | 1977 | 190996 |
| pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus with the mixed coat of reticuloendotheliosis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus. | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) forms pseudotypes with envelope components of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). the vsv pseudotype possesses the limited host range and antigenic properties of rev. approximately 70% of the vsv, indiana serotype, and 45% of vsv, new jersey serotype, produced from the rev strain t-transformed chicken bone marrow cells contain mixed envelope components of both vsv and rev. vsv pseudotypes with mixed envelope antigens can be neutralized with excess amounts of eithe ... | 1977 | 191647 |
| experimental transmission of reticuloendotheliosis in turkeys with the cell-culture-propagated reticuloendotheliosis viruses of turkey origin. | 1977 | 194046 | |
| formation of reticuloendotheliosis virus pseudotypes of rous sarcoma virus. | superinfection of chicken embryo fibroblasts transformed by the defective bryan strain of rous sarcoma virus (bh-rsv) with two different reticuloendotheliosis viruses (revs), rev strain t (rev-t) or spleen necrosis virus (snv), resulted in the production of infectious sarcoma virus pseudotypes. these pseudotypes were neutralized by antiserum prepared against snv and were unable to infect chicken cells preinfected with either rev-t or snv. these results suggest that defective bh-rsv is able to us ... | 1977 | 195082 |
| phenotypic mixing between reticuloendotheliosis virus and avian sarcoma viruses. | 1977 | 195392 | |
| serological survey of reticuloendotheliosis virus infection among chickens in japan. | 1977 | 196224 | |
| relationships between reticuloendothelial virus of chickens and an agent isolated from a duck embryo cell culture of turkey herpesvirus. | 1976 | 197293 | |
| contact-mediated suppression of mitogen-induced responsiveness by spleen cells in reticuloendotheliosis virus-induced tumorigenesis. | 1977 | 199358 | |
| nucleotide sequences derived from pheasant dna in the genome of recombinant avian leukosis viruses with subgroup f specificity. | recombination between viral and cellular genes can give rise to new strains of retroviruses. for example, rous-associated virus 61 (rav-61) is a recombinant between the bryan high-titer strain of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and normal pheasant dna. nucleic acid hybridization techniques were used to study the genome of rav-61 and another rav with subgroup f specificity (rav-f) obtained by passage of rsv-rav-0 in cells from a ring-necked pheasant embryo. the nucleotide sequences acquired by these two ... | 1977 | 199737 |
| transformation of chick embryo fibroblasts by reticuloendotheliosis virus. | 1977 | 201089 | |
| sites of integration of infectious dna of avian reticuloendotheliosis viruses in different avian cellular dnas. | the pattern of integration for the infectious dna of two avian reticuloendotheliosis viruses whose dna is not inactivated by digestion with the restriction endonuclease, eco ri was determined. high molecular weight dna from infected chicken, turkey and pheasant cells was digested with eco ri, electrophoresed through agarose gels and assayed for infectivity. the same patterns of integration of infectious viral dna were found for these species of avian cells infected at high or low multiplicities ... | 1978 | 203406 |
| pathological changes in chickens inoculated with reticuloendotheliosis-virus-contaminated marek's disease vaccine. | a disease characterized by delayed growth, anemia, abnormal feathers, and leg paralysis occurred among chickens inoculated with marek's disease vaccine over a period from spring to fall in 1974. these chickens were recognized among flocks inoculated with the vaccine produced by two vaccine makers. the affected ones were examined pathologically. gross examination revealed a slight enlargement of peripheral nerves and atrophy of the spleen, thymus, and bursa of fabricius. histopathologically, the ... | 1977 | 203872 |
| complement-fixation test for reticuloendotheliosis viruses: limits of sensitivity in infected avian cells. | a specific micro-complement-fixation procedure for assay of avian reticuloendotheliosis viruses (rev), designated by use as the cofar test, was compared with an assay based on immunofluorescent (if) antibody staining of infected chick embryo fibroblasts. endpoint titrations in which rev strain t, chick syncytial virus, and spleen necrosis virus were used indicated that cultures infected with limiting dilutions of each strain were positive by both procedures within 6 days. depending on cell densi ... | 1977 | 204281 |
| high-molecular-weight rnas of akr, nzb, and wild mouse viruses and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus all have similar dimer structures. | several 50 to 70s tumor viral rnas have previously been shown by electron microscopy to be dimers, with the two monomer subunits joined near their 5' ends. five additional naturally occurring type c rna tumor viruses have now been examined: akr, and endogenous murine ecotropic virus; nzb, an endogenous murine xenotropic virus; and ecotropic and an amphotropic virus isolated from a wild mouse; and the avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). all five 50 to 70s rnas have similar 5'-to-5' dimer str ... | 1978 | 205678 |
| reticuloendotheliosis virus: experimental infection of poultry and immunofluorescent identification of australian isolates. | 1977 | 206246 | |
| spontaneously occurring lymphoproliferative disease in ducks. | a naturally occurring lymphoproliferative disease was observed in a domestic flock of muscovy ducks. gross lesions were observed only in one of three ducks necropsied (in the small intestine). microscopic lesions consisted of mononuclear cell infiltrates composed primarily of reticuloendothelial cells, mature lymphocytes, and plasma cells in livers, spleens, small intestines, peripheral nerves, and brains. antibodies to reticuloendotheliosis virus were detected in sera of four ducks, whereas all ... | 1978 | 206252 |
| amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the major structural polypeptides of avian retroviruses: sequence homology between reticuloendotheliosis virus p30 and p30s of mammalian retroviruses. | the major structural polypeptides, p30 of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) (strain t) and p27 of avian sarcoma virus b77, have been compared with regard to amino acid composition. nh2-terminal amino acid sequence, and immunological crossreactions. the amino acid composition of the two polypeptides is distinct, and a comparison of the first 30 nh2-terminal amino acids of rev p30 with that for the first 25 of b77 p27 yields only three homologous residues. in competition radioimmunoassays the poly ... | 1978 | 208072 |
| sites of integration of reticuloendotheliosis virus dna in chicken dna. | the pattern of integration of spleen necrosis virus (snv) dna in dna from a large population of snv-infected chicken cells was studied by nucleic acid hybridization with iodinated viral rna by the blotting technique of southern. snv dna was found to be integrated at multiple sites in acutely infected chicken cells. concomitant with the transition from acute to chronic infection, a shift in the pattern of integration was observed. the majority of integrated snv dna found in acutely infected cells ... | 1978 | 210459 |
| characterization of the interaction of reticuloendotheliosis virus with the avian lymphoid system. | 1978 | 212207 | |
| dna of noninfectious and infectious integrated spleen necrosis virus (snv) is colinear with unintegrated snv dna and not grossly abnormal. | the cleavage sites of eight restriction endonucleases in linear spleen necrosis virus (snv) dna were mapped, and the map was oriented with respect to viral rna. with the aid of this map, several structural features of the viral dna were elucidated: unintegrated linear snv dna is terminally redundant; the majority of snv dna molecules integrated in chicken dna, which were previously shown to be present in many sites in cellular dna, are colinear with unintegrated viral dna; no tandem integration ... | 1979 | 217546 |
| transformation by reticuloendotheliosis virus: development of a focus assay and isolation of a nontransforming virus. | 1979 | 219596 | |
| morphologic characterization of proliferative cells and virus particles in turkeys with lymphoproliferative disease. | the tumors found in turkeys having lymphoproliferative disease (lpd) are histologically characterized by a pleomorphic population of cells of the lymphoid series. electron microscopy has shown that, despite marked differences in shape and size, the proliferating cells share basic ultrastructural features, indicating their lymphoid origin. virus particles morphologically and morphogenetically characteristic of type c oncorna-viruses of retraviridae were found in different organs and plasma sample ... | 1979 | 220455 |
| lymphomas resembling lymphoid leukosis in chickens inoculated with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | chickens inoculated as embyros or at hatching with the chick syncytial strain of reticuloendotheliosis virus developed a high incidence of lymphoid neoplasms between the 17th and 43rd weeks of age, involving principally the liver and bursa of fabricius. on the basis of organ distribution, latent period, pathology and surface igm production, the lymphomas closely resembled those of lymphoid leukosis. one inoculated chicken developed a myxosarcoma. no tumors were observed in uninoculated controls. ... | 1979 | 222694 |
| infection studies on a reticuloendotheliosis virus contaminant of a commercial marek's disease vaccine. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) was isolated in cell cultures from commercial marek's disease (herpesvirus of turkeys) vaccine and re-isolated from the organs of vaccinated chickens. runting and feathering abnormalities were produced when 1-day-old specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated with rev. histopathological lesions in infected chickens were hypoplasia of the thymus, bursa and spleen, and inflammation of the proventriculus, kidneys and liver. serological responses to rev were de ... | 1979 | 223539 |
| immunosuppression induced by avian reticuloendotheliosis virus: mechanism of induction of the suppressor cell. | 1979 | 224111 | |
| cell killing by spleen necrosis virus is correlated with a transient accumulation of spleen necrosis virus dna. | spleen necrosis virus productively infects avian and rat cells. the average number of molecules of unintegrated and integrated viral dna in cells at different times after infection was determined by hybridization and transfection assays. shortly after infection, there was a transient accumulation of an average of about 150 to 200 molecules of unintegrated linear spleen necrosis virus dna per chicken, turkey, or pheasant cell. no such accumulation was seen in infected rat cells. soon after infect ... | 1979 | 225560 |
| isolation and development of a reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line from chicken spleen cells. | the establishment and characterization of a reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain t)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line, designated tv-1, was reported. these cells, isolated from the spleen of a moribund chick infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus, were maintained in suspension culture for over 74 weeks at a stable generation time of 15 h. the cells were found to carry a female karyotype. both tv-1 cells and cell-free tv-1 culture supernatant produced lesions and mortality patterns in chicks ... | 1979 | 226481 |
| depression of vaccinal immunity to marek's disease by infection with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | the effect of infection with low-virulence, tissue culture-propagated strains of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) on protective vaccinal immunity against marek's disease (md) lymphomas was investigated. vaccinated chickens inoculated at hatching with greater than 10(4) focus-forming units of rev and challenged with md virus were poorly protected against md lesion development as indicated by protective indices of 53 to 79% for strain cs (p less than 0.05) and 42 to 49% for strain t (p less than ... | 1979 | 227800 |
| molecular evidence for a type c retrovirus etiology of the lymphoproliferative disease of turkeys. | recently, we isolated from the blood of lymphoproliferative disease (lpd)-affected turkeys a type c retrovirus distinct from the avian leukosis-sarcoma virus complex and the reticuloendotheliosis virus group. we present molecular evidence for the implication of this virus in the lpd of turkeys. using complementary dna of lpd viral rna, we found that the lpd viral genome is specifically and efficiently transcribed (2,500 copies per cell) in lpd tumor cells. moreover, the lpd tumor cells contained ... | 1979 | 229245 |
| low incidence of lymphoid tumors in chickens continuously producing endogenous virus. | a flock of 258 male and 243 female chickens of a cross of regional poultry research laboratory lines 15b and 7(2) were kept in a filtered-air positive-pressure house and observed for tumors from 100 to more than 729 days of age. these birds produced high titers of a subgroup e endogenous virus from the middle of the embryonic incubation period through the end of the experiment. no neoplasms were observed in the males. the females had two neoplasms indistinguishable from lymphoid leukosis and thr ... | 1979 | 230806 |
| transmission of an australian strain of reticuloendotheliosis virus to adult japanese quail. | 1979 | 231962 | |
| suppression of the mitogen-stimulated blastogenic response during reticuloendotheliosis virus-induced tumorigenesis: investigations into the mechanism of action of the suppressor. | splenic lymphocytes from chickens infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) are suppressed in their ability to undergo pha-induced blastogenesis. this suppression can be detected within 72 hr after virus injection and requires active viral infection since i.p. or i.v. injection of uv-inactivated rev does not result in inhibition of the blastogenic response. suppressor cells from the spleens of rev-infected birds severely inhibit the ability of spleen cells from uninfected chickens to respo ... | 1978 | 305938 |
| the effect of avian retroviruses on limb bud chondrogenesis in vitro. | mesenchymal cells isolated from stage 24 embryonic chicken limb buds were infected with the temperature-sensitive transformation mutants of rous sarcoma virus tsny68, tsny10 and tsla25 at the nonpermissive temperature for transformation (41 degrees c). virus infection greatly inhibited subsequent limb bud chondrogenesis under nontransforming conditions, as indicated by a reduction in the rate of 35so4 incorporation into cell-associated proteoglycans. the inhibition of chondrogenesis was directly ... | 1979 | 519754 |
| depression of mitogen response in spleen cells from reticuloendotheliosis virus-infected chickens and their suppressive effect on normal lymphocyte response. | spleen cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes from chickens infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) were depressed in their responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (pha). when spleen cells from uninfected chickens were co-cultured with spleen cells from chickens infected with rev at 2 weeks of age, the pha response by the normal cells was completely suppressed. although spleen cells from chickens infected with rev at 6 or 9 weeks of age were also suppressed in their ability to respond to ph ... | 1978 | 641350 |
| polypeptide composition of spleen necrosis virus, a reticuloendotheliosis virus. | the polypeptide composition of virions of spleen necrosis virus, a reticuloendotheliosis virus, was determined using electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing, 10 percent polyacrylamide gels. ten polypeptides were resolved. four of these were present in minor and somewhat variable amounts. two proteins, gp71 and gp22, contained d-glucosamine and were located on the outer surface of the lipid envelope, as demonstrated by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination and by bromelain digestion. ... | 1975 | 1142473 |
| characterization of reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed avian t-lymphoblastoid cell lines infected with marek's disease virus. | the expression of marek's disease virus (mdv) transcripts and protein products was investigated in reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed avian t-lymphoblastoid cell line recc-cu91, which was superinfected with mdv. the presence of mdv in the superinfected cell line, renamed recc-cu210, was demonstrated by southern hybridization with 32p-labeled bamhi-h and -b fragments of the bamhi mdv dna library. examination of recc-cu210 for the expression of mdv-specific rna transcripts encoded by the inte ... | 1992 | 1279200 |
| isolation of chicken anaemia virus from broiler chickens. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) infection was demonstrated, by both serology and virus isolation, in 1- to 6-week-old broiler chickens originated from various parent flocks in hungary. total losses in the broiler flocks were estimated at 7 to 8% and about 25% of the chickens failed to reach target body mass by the 7th week of life. the clinical signs, postmortem lesions and histopathological changes of the affected chickens were similar to those of naturally occurring cav-induced infectious anaemia ... | 1992 | 1298167 |
| a spleen necrosis virus-based retroviral vector which expresses two genes from a dicistronic mrna. | we have investigated a novel strategy for coexpressing two genes from a retroviral vector. the 5' nontranslated leader region of at least some picornavirus rnas contains a sequence that can act as an internal ribosome entry site allowing initiation of translation at a downstream aug codon in a 5' cap-independent manner. to investigate whether such a sequence can function in the context of a retroviral vector, we constructed a spleen necrosis virus-based vector carrying two selectable marker gene ... | 1992 | 1310190 |
| retrovirus insertion into herpesvirus in vitro and in vivo. | retroviruses and herpesviruses are naturally occurring pathogens of humans and animals. coinfection of the same host with both these viruses is common. we report here that a retrovirus can integrate directly into a herpesvirus genome. specifically, we demonstrate insertion of a nonacute retrovirus, reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), into a herpesvirus, marek disease virus (mdv). both viruses are capable of inducing t lymphomas in chickens and often coexist in the same animal. rev dna integration ... | 1992 | 1310544 |
| unusually high frequency of reconstitution of long terminal repeats in u3-minus retrovirus vectors by dna recombination or gene conversion. | recently, we described a retrovirus vector system with which to study formation of cdna genes (r. dornburg and h. m. temin, mol. cell. biol. 6:2328-2334, 1988; mol. cell. biol. 8:64-72, 1990; j. virol. 64:886-889, 1990). for these studies, retrovirus vectors were constructed in which the u3 region of the 3' long terminal repeat (ltr) was deleted. after one round of retrovirus replication, such vectors formed a provirus with two u3-minus ltrs. however, the insertion of some additional sequences i ... | 1992 | 1310753 |
| reticuloendotheliosis in a wild turkey (meleagris gallopavo) from coastal georgia. | an emaciated wild turkey (meleagris gallopavo) exhibiting neurologic signs was found on ossabaw island, chatham county, georgia (usa) on 11 april 1989. the neurologic abnormalities observed included ataxia, drooping wings, head tremors, torticollis, and circling. at necropsy, discrete yellowish-white nodules, varying in size from 2 to 5 mm, were present in the spleen. white nodular lesions approximately 2 mm in diameter were observed beneath the mucosal surface of the distal esophagus. histopath ... | 1992 | 1312647 |
| reticuloendotheliosis and 'pullet disease' in israel. | 1992 | 1313616 | |
| spleen necrosis virus, an avian immunosuppressive retrovirus, shares a receptor with the type d simian retroviruses. | the reticuloendotheliosis viruses (rev) are a family of highly related retroviruses isolated from gallinaceous birds. on the basis of sequence comparison and overall genome organization, these viruses are more similar to the mammalian type c retroviruses than to the avian sarcoma/leukemia viruses. the envelope of a member of the rev family, spleen necrosis virus (snv), is about 50% identical in amino acid sequence to the envelope of the type d simian retroviruses. although snv does not productiv ... | 1992 | 1313915 |
| reticuloendotheliosis type c and primate type d oncoretroviruses are members of the same receptor interference group. | the reticuloendotheliosis viruses (revs), originally isolated from avian species, constitute a group of retroviruses which are more closely related to mammalian retroviruses than to other avian retroviruses. the envelope glycoproteins of members of the rev group display a striking amino acid sequence identity with a group of primate oncoretroviruses which belong to a single receptor interference group and include all of the type d and some type c primate oncoretroviruses. members of the rev grou ... | 1992 | 1316460 |
| alterations within pp59v-rel-containing protein complexes following the stimulation of rev-t-transformed lymphoid cells with zinc. | pp59v-rel exists in association with specific cellular proteins within lymphoid cells transformed by reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev-t). these include the cellular rel homolog (p75c-rel) as well as a 40-kda avian homolog to i kappa b. the brief exposure of rev-t-transformed lymphoid cells to micromolar concentrations of znso4 induces profound alterations within these protein complexes. most of the constituents of the rel protein complexes (to include pp59v-rel, p75c-rel, and p115) translocate f ... | 1992 | 1316681 |
| stable transfection of reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. | lymphoblastoid t cell lines were established by infection of chicken splenocytes with reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). the target cells first were cultured in interleukin-containing conditioned medium or were stimulated by concanavalin a, or both. most cell lines were t cells expressing cd3 and one of the t cell receptors, and all cell lines were positive for major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii antigens. several rev-transformed cell lines were stably transfected using electroporati ... | 1992 | 1320872 |
| transcriptional interaction between retroviral long terminal repeats (ltrs): mechanism of 5' ltr suppression and 3' ltr promoter activation of c-myc in avian b-cell lymphomas. | chicken syncytial viruses induce bursal lymphomas by integrating into the c-myc locus and activating myc expression by 3' long terminal repeat (ltr) promoter insertion. in contrast to wild-type proviruses, in which transcription initiates predominantly in the 5'ltr, these myc-associated proviruses exhibit a predominance of transcription from the 3' ltr and little transcription from the 5' ltr. most of these proviruses contain deletions within the 5' end of their genome that spare the 5' ltr. we ... | 1992 | 1321271 |
| the v-rel oncogene: insights into the mechanism of transcriptional activation, repression, and transformation. | the v-rel oncogene product from the avian reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t corresponds to a member of the rel-related family of enhancer-binding proteins that includes both the mammalian 50- and 65-kda subunits of the nf-kappa b transcription factor complex. however, in contrast to nf-kappa b, v-rel has been shown to function as a dominant-negative repressor of kappa b-dependent transcription in many mature cell types. we now demonstrate that a highly conserved motif within the rel homology ... | 1992 | 1321284 |
| the rel family: models for transcriptional regulation and oncogenic transformation. | 1992 | 1327144 | |
| differentiation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic serotype 1 marek's disease viruses (mdvs) by the polymerase chain reaction amplification of the tandem direct repeats within the mdv genome. | there are no simple, direct methods to reliably distinguish oncogenic serotype 1 marek's disease viruses (mdvs) from their attenuated variants. the present study was an attempt to apply polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to develop a rapid and sensitive assay for the presence of the mdv genome. pcr oligos were chosen to flank the 132-base-pair tandem direct repeats in the serotype 1 mdv genome. the pcr reaction was specific for serotype 1 mdvs, amplifying fragments corresponding to one to three cop ... | 1992 | 1329706 |
| analytical study of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus dimeric rna generated in vivo and in vitro. | the retroviral genome consists of two identical rna molecules associated at their 5' ends by a stable structure called the dimer linkage structure. the dimer linkage structure, while maintaining the dimer state of the retroviral genome, might also be involved in packaging and reverse transcription, as well as recombination during proviral dna synthesis. to study the dimer structure of the retroviral genome and the mechanism of dimerization, we analyzed features of the dimeric genome of reticuloe ... | 1992 | 1331519 |
| reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat elements are efficient promoters in cells of various species and tissue origin, including human lymphoid cells. | promiscuous transcriptional activity of the reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) long terminal repeat (ltr) was detected in transient expression assays using ltr-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase-encoding gene chimeras, and cells of diverse species and tissue type; levels of expression from two different rev ltrs correlate with reports of pathogenicity of the respective viruses in vivo. revs do not encode a transactivator targeted to the viral ltr, and cells infected with marek's disease virus, a h ... | 1992 | 1332912 |
| cell-mediated cytolysis of lymphoblastoid cells expressing marek's disease virus-specific phosphorylated polypeptides. | cell-mediated immune responses against marek's disease virus (mdv)-antigens were examined using reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line cu91 and three cell lines derived from cu91. cu210 was established by establishing a latent mdv infection in cu91. transfection of cu210 with pnl1, a selectable plasmid or with pnl1 and the cloned bamhi a fragment of mdv dna resulted in the establishment of cu212 and cu211, respectively. cu211 expressed a mdv-specific phosphorylate ... | 1992 | 1336254 |
| 5-azacytidine and rna secondary structure increase the retrovirus mutation rate. | a broad spectrum of mutations occurs at a high rate during a single round of retrovirus replication (v.k. pathak and h. m. temin, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 87:6019-6023, 1990). we have now determined that this high rate of spontaneous mutation can be further increased by 5-azacytidine (azc) treatment or by regions of potential rna secondary structure. we found a 13-fold increase in the mutation rate after azc treatment of retrovirus-producing cells and target cells. the azc-induced substitution ... | 1992 | 1373201 |
| the cytotoxic t lymphocyte response in reticuloendotheliosis virus-infected chickens is mediated by alpha beta and not by gamma delta t cells. | we induced a virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response in b2 chickens by i.v. inoculation with 100 tcid50 of the reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). chickens were sacrificed 7 days after the infection and cytotoxic activity of the spleen cells against various target cells was assayed in a 4 h 51cr-release assay at an effector to target ratio of 100:1. in addition, t cell receptor (tcr) alpha beta and tcr gamma delta cells were negatively selected from the rev-immune spleen cells and us ... | 1992 | 1490734 |
| importance of cell-mediated immunity in marek's disease and other viral tumor diseases. | cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses to viral tumor diseases are often used as examples of the importance of antiviral and antitumor immunity in chickens. especially, reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) and marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv) are used as models to study the development of cytotoxic t-lymphocytes against viral and tumor antigens and activation of natural killer (nk) cells. major histocompatibility complex class i-restricted, antiviral cytotoxic t-lymphocytes expressing cd4-/cd8+ mark ... | 1991 | 1649464 |
| characterization and comparison of avian and murine helper cell lines for production of replication-defective retroviruses for avian transformation. | several approaches were taken to identify improved helper cell lines for the production of replication-defective avian retroviral vectors for avian transformation. both qt6 and d17 cells were engineered to become helper cell lines for the production of reticuloendotheliosis virus vectors. the results showed that the majority of lines from the d17, qt6, and d17c3 cells produced titers in the 10(2) to 10(3) cfu/ml range, with one qt6 line producing 10(5) cfu/ml. this high producer line was relativ ... | 1991 | 1652135 |
| gene expression from heterologous promoters in a replication-defective avian retrovirus vector in quail cells. | avian retrovirus vectors, with potential for use in avian transformation, were constructed to evaluate the relative efficiency of promoters placed internal to the viral long terminal repeats (ltr). the vectors are replication-defective reticuloendotheliosis plasmids that contain the neomycin phosphotransferase gene under control of the 5' ltr and an internal promoter that directs expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. the internal promoters were the sv40 early, the mouse metal ... | 1991 | 1652136 |
| expression of v-rel in a replication competent virus: transformation and biochemical characterization. | the avian reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t (rev-t) transforms bone marrow cells and may cause phenotypic changes in fibroblasts. both events are thought to result from expression of the v-rel oncoprotein, a member of the nf-kappa b family of transcription factors. most rev stocks contain a cytopathic and immunosuppressive helper virus (rev-a) unrelated to standard avian retroviruses, and thus the degree to which v-rel expression alone contributes to the transformed phenotype in bone marrow c ... | 1991 | 1656369 |