Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the etiology of sylvatic trichinellosis in switzerland. | three trichinella strains from swiss wild foxes (vulpes vulpes) were tested in crossbreeding experiments with trichinella spiralis, t. nativa and t. nelsoni using white mice as laboratory animals. the results demonstrated that t. nelsoni britov et boev 1972 is the etiologic agent of sylvatic trichinellosis in switzerland. former isolations of these species were successful in materials from east and south africa, ussr (republics of tadzhikistan, turkmenia and kazakhstan) and bulgaria. the area of ... | 1977 | 23655 |
| chronic form of experimental rabies in mice. | the l-28 strain of street rabies virus isolated from the salivary gland of a red fox caused chronic infection in mice. after intracerebral (i.e.) infection with virus-containing fox salivary gland suspension, 13.9% of mice showed clinical signs of disease for 11--52 days. clear-cut stages of irritation and paralysis were distinguished in the course of infection of mice. the diagnosis of chronic rabies in mice was confirmed by immunofluorescence and isolation of virus by i.c. inoculation of mice. ... | 1979 | 39437 |
| [immunodiffusion analysis of plasma proteins in the canine family]. | immunodiffusion studies have been made on the plasma of 9 species (vulpes vulpes, v. corsak, alopex lagopus, canis aureus, c. lupus, c. familiaris, c. dingo, nyctereutes procynoides, fennecus zerde) from the family of canidae using milk antisera. unlike rabbit antisera used earlier, milk antisera make it possible to detect more significant antigenic divergency with respect to 5 alpha- and beta-globulins. these globulins seem to have a higher evolution rate of antigenic mosaics as compared to oth ... | 1976 | 62473 |
| [cyto-immunological study of the somatostatin hypothalamic peptidergic system in the fox (vulpes vulpes)]. | immunocytological investigations on the hypothalamus of the red fox with rabbit anti-srif showed large or small perikarya in the supra-optical and paraventricular nuclei. in the median eminence srif-positive nerve fibres and their endings have a characteristic distribution in areas different from those of lh-rh containing nerve fibres. | 1976 | 135618 |
| adrenal reactivity to acth age changes in silver foxes inheriting different defensive behaviors. | we have studied the influence of selection for behavior in female silver foxes upon their adrenal reactivity to acth. it has been found that in the first year of life, in females from a population selected for domesticated behavior (tame), there is no differentiated adrenal response to different doses of acth. in wild females during the first year of life, varying strength of adrenal response to large and small doses of acth is noted. during the second year of life, the differential adrenal resp ... | 1976 | 233073 |
| socializing a red fox (a case history). | 1979 | 256694 | |
| [epidemiology of rabies (author's transl)]. | rabies is widespread in all continents except australia. as an anthropozoonosis its main importance is in areas with uncontrolled dog rabies, nowadays principally topical and subtropical regions. the greatest economic losses however are encountered in the cattle herds of south and central america, where paralyssa prevails. in the northern hemisphere particularly rabies is enzootic among wildlife. under the given ecological conditions only one or two species act as primary vectors of the infectio ... | 1978 | 306053 |
| the fox, vulpes vulpes, as a final host for sarcocystis of sheep. | 1977 | 403866 | |
| the prevalence of sarcocystis spp in dogs and red foxes. | protozoan parasites of the genus sarcocystis have been recognised for many years as intramuscular cysts of numerous vertebrates. it is only comparatively recently that the two-host nature of the life cycle has been recognised and that the intramuscular cysts are a stage in the developmental cycle of coccidian parasites of flesh eating mammals (fayer 1974, fayer and johnson 1973, 1974, rommel and others 1972, dubey 1976). carnivores ingest the intramuscular cysts from herbivores and presumably fr ... | 1978 | 416553 |
| [electromyographic study of uterine activity in the castrated red fox (vulpes vulpes l.) treated with oestradiol and progesterone (author's transl)]. | effect of oestradiol and progesterone on the electromyographic activity (emg) of the uterus is studied in 6 groups of 2 previously castrated vixens (a, b, c, d, e, f). the animals of gropu a are treated daily with intramuscular injections of oestradiol benzoate alone or oestradiol and progesterone together. these hormones are also given to the group f, oestradiol by a subcutaneous tablet and progesterone intramuscularly. the other females only receive a silastic implant of oestrogen (groups b, c ... | 1979 | 501664 |
| [food storing of foxes (vulpes vulpes l.) and the effect of this behavior on the oral vaccination against rabies]. | 1979 | 533532 | |
| presence of trichinella spiralis in free-living red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in sweden related to trichinella infection in swine and man. | 1979 | 546215 | |
| ovarian activity during the anoestrus and the reproductive season of the red fox (vulpes vulpes l.). | 1977 | 563492 | |
| allelic expression in intergeneric fox hybrids (alopex lagopus x vulpes vulpes). iii. regulation of the expression of the parental alleles at the gpd locus linked to the x chromosome. | the electrophoretic pattern of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) was studied in 60 intergeneric fox hybrids (alopex lagopus x vulpes vulpes), 33 females and 27 males. it is shown that the structural gene for g6pd, designated gpd, is located on the x chromosome in both arctic and silver foxes. analysis of g6pd patterns in the erythrocytes of hybrid females demonstrated that the phenotypic expression of parental alleles at the gpd locus varied considerably: from 1:1 to the hemizygous manife ... | 1978 | 565634 |
| androgens in peripheral blood of the red fox (vulpes vulpes l.) during the reproductive season and the anoestrus. | 1979 | 574599 | |
| present status of kala-azar in iran. | sporadic cases of visceral leishmaniasis have been reported from all parts of iran except the deserts and very arid zones in the southeast. about 120 cases have been reported up to the present time, the majority from the mountainous areas of the southwest. most patients (76%) have been children under 10 years of age. the probable reservoirs of infection are wild carnivores, infection of man and dog being accidental. during a survey conducted in the caspian area and northeastern part of iran in 1 ... | 1978 | 626277 |
| survey for toxoplasmosis in wild and domestic animals from norway and sweden. | fifty-nine of 1250 (4.7%) wild and domestic animals from norway and sweden had positive dye-test titers (greater than or equal to 1:8) for antibody against toxoplasma gondii. a dye-test titer of 1:8 (30-40 i.u.) or higher was detected in 3 of 732 small rodents (0.4%), 21 of 87 domestic cats (24%), 9 of 29 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) (31%), 2 of 2 domesticated arctic foxes (alopex lagopus), 12 of 99 red deer (cervus elaphus) (12%), 5 of 8 roe deer (capreolus capreolus) (63%) and in 7 of 34 wild rab ... | 1978 | 650778 |
| laboratory observations on the fox (vulpes vulpes crucigera) in dyfed during the winters of 1974/75 and 1975/76. | 1978 | 678969 | |
| studies on sylvatic echinococcosis. v. factors influencing prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis leuckart 1863, in red foxes from north dakota, 1965--1972. | a total of 1,153 red foxes, vulpes vulpes, was examined for strobilae of echinococcus multilocularis from 2 geographic regions in north dakota during 1965 through 1972. echinococcus multilocularis was found in 184 (16%) of these foxes. the data including date and location of collection, age and sex of the host, and presence or absence of the cestode were used to assess the relative influence of collection interval (sampling period), climatic season, geographic location, and age and sex of the ho ... | 1978 | 682065 |
| visceral lesions in wild carnivores naturally infected with spirocerca lupi. | aortic lesions pathognomonic for spirocerca lupi were found in 123 of 150 (82%) coyotes, canis latrans, 23 of 66 (35%) bobcats, felis rufus, one of five gray foxes, urocyon cinereoargenteus and one of two red foxes, vulpes vulpes, examined in west texas. adult nematodes in the esophagus were recovered from 11 of 150 (7%) coyotes. in the aorta there was initially an acute inflammatory response followed by an eosinophilic granuloma surrounding larval nematodes. the principal lesions was scarring o ... | 1978 | 685080 |
| oestrogen and progesterone concentrations in peripheral blood in pregnant red foxes (vulpes vulpes). | oestrogen levels were low during most of gestation, but there was a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in oestradiol concentrations at implantation. early pregnancy was characterized by high levels of progesterone which decreased significantly (p less than 0.001) thereafter, but there was no decline in progesterone or rise in oestrogen levels at parturition. there was no difference in the length of progesterone secretion between pregnant and non-pregnant females. | 1978 | 712710 |
| [comparative anatomy of the spinal cord of semi-aquatic, aquatic and terrestrial mammals]. | skeletotopically, cervical thickening of the spinal cord in semiwater mammals (callorhinus ursinus, eumetopias jubatus, phoca larga, phoca kurilensis, enhydra lutris) corresponds to 4--5, and in terrestrial mammals (ursus arctos, vulpes vulpes)--to 3--6 cervical vertebrae. lumbar thickening in terrestrial spicies and in enhydra lutris is situated more caudally from the thoracic portion than in phocidae. in a typically water animal (phocaenoides dalli) the cervical thickening is expressed feebly, ... | 1978 | 736804 |
| helminths in coyotes (canis latrans say), wolves (canis lupus l.), and red foxes (vulpes vulpes l.) of southwestern manitoba. | 1978 | 751709 | |
| injuries to foxes (vulpes vulpes) living in suburban london. | 1978 | 751828 | |
| leptospiral antibodies in wild living animals from north tyrol. | the authors examined serologically 623 wild living animals (22 species) from north tyrol for the incidence of leptospirosis. positive reactions (mal) in the titre 1: 100 and more were found in 4.5% of the animals examined; the serotypes concerned were these: icterohaemorrhagiae, sorex-jalna, castellonis or arboreae, grippotyphosa, bratislava, pomona, sejroe, saxkoebing. positive reactions were obtained with the sera of sorex araneus, erinaceus europaeus, putorius putorius, vulpes vulpes, cervus ... | 1976 | 780229 |
| wildlife rabies in europe and the british situation. | the red fox is considered to be the main reservoir of the present european rabies epizootic which began in poland in 1939-40. its usual rate of spread is 20 to 60 km a year. mortality among rabies-infected fox populations is estimated variously to be 20 to 60%. the infection spreads more rapidly among foxes in the autumn and winter and its occurrence is dependent on fox populations is estimated variously to be 20 to 60%. the infection spreads more rapidly among foxes in the autumn and winter an ... | 1976 | 790670 |
| [importance of the fox (vulpes vulpes) in the transmission of sarcosporidiosis from the steinbock (capra ibex) at the gran paradiso national park]. | sarcosporidiasis is a very common infection of steinbocks (capra ibex) and chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) of gran paradiso national park, italian western alps, frequently with serious cardiac involvement. no dogs or cats are allowed inside the park, to the contrary foxes (vulpes vulpes) are present every where, near steinbocks and chamois, and eat on the bodies of dead animals. feces of vulpes vulpes were collected in the same area, where the infected capra ibex used for the following experiment ... | 1975 | 823518 |
| the aerobic bacterial flora of the anal sac of the red fox. | 1976 | 825502 | |
| allelic expression in intergeneric fox hybrids (alopex lagopus x vulpes vulpes). ii. erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in artic and silver foxes: purification and properties. | the functional properties of purified glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) from the erythrocytes of artic foxes (alopex lagopus) and silver foxes (vulpes vulpes) were investigated. it was found that ph optima for g6p d range from 8.15 to 8.25 in arctic foxes and from 10.2 to 10.4 in silver foxes. for g6p, the estimated km values were 74 x 10(-6) m (at ph 8.2) and 166 x 10(-6) m (at ph 10.2) in artic foxes and 58 x 10(-6) m (at ph 10.2) and 40 x 10(-6) m (at ph 8.2) in silver foxes. the km va ... | 1977 | 849247 |
| yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia like microbes isolated from mammals and water in norway and denmark. | data pertaining to 149 strains belonging to genus yersinia are summarized in this paper. yersinia enterocolitica (y.e.) was isolated from the faeces of 31 of 305 small rodents and from 5 of 31 shrews (soricidae) trapped at five localities in norway and one locality in denmark. isolations were obtained from 9 of 29 water samples collected within the trapping areas. three of 25 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from one locality in norway harbored y.e. in their faeces. y.e. serotype 16 was isolated from o ... | 1977 | 857609 |
| the use of urine marking in the scavenging behavior of the red fox (vulpes vulpes). | 1977 | 869875 | |
| lipids of the anal sac secretions of the red fox, vulpes vulpes and of the lion, panthera leo. | lion anal sac secretion were found to be richer in lipids and to contain more complex less uniform mixtures of lower moleculas weight lipids then the anal sac of the red fox. in the lion, homologous series of 1-alkylglycerols and 2-hydroxy-fatty acids were identified. phenylacetic, 3-phenylpropionic, and related hydroxylated acids were also observed. gas-liquid chromatography profiles of fox anal sac secretion lower molecular weight lipids were found to be less variable in their major constituen ... | 1977 | 894139 |
| [blood circulation in the testis of the adult wild red fox (vulpes vulpes) :involvement of the testicular capsule and septa in the seasonal changes of testicular vasculature and capillary blood flow (author's transl)]. | 1977 | 894615 | |
| relationship between testicular blood flow, testosterone secretion and spermatogenic activity in young and adult wild red foxes (vulpes vulpes). | testicular capillary blood flow (tcbf) was measured by the radioactive inert gas clearance technique throughout the reproductive life of young adult foxes and was related to the spermatogenic and androgenic activities of the testis. mean (+/-s.e.m.) blood flow (ml min-1 g-1) was maximal in january in adults during the mating period (0-65 +/- 0-03), and in pubertal animals (0-62 +/- 0-04). at this time spermatozoa were observed in the testes of all animals, but testicular weight and circulating t ... | 1977 | 915874 |
| the prevalence of trichinella spiralis in foxes (vulpes vulpes) and other game species in denmark. | a survey of the rate of infection with trichinella spiralis among game animals in denmark is given with special regard to foxes. a total of 5084 foxes and 293 mustelidae were examined, most of them by a combined digestion and baermann technique. deep-frozen samples were examined by a method including digestion, filtration, and sedimentation. four foxes were found infected (cf. fig. 1). three of them were shot inside or just outside a fenced area within which wild boars had previously been found ... | 1976 | 934811 |
| intermittent chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis using rifampicin and isoniazed for primary treatment: the influence of various factors on the frequency off side-effects. | after studying more than 1,000 siphonaptera tera collected from about 300 wild carnivora (with a majority of foxes, vulpes vulpes), in the north-east of france, the authors state more precisely the biology and chorology of the main fleas collected: pulex irritans, ctenocephalides felis felis, c, canis, chaetopsylla globiceps, ch. rothschildi, ch. trichosa, paraceras melis melis. 9 other species are also noted. | 1976 | 937975 |
| adiaspiromycosis in large free living carnivores. | adiaspiromycosis was identified in 6 animals in the examination of the lungs of 90 large carnivores. emmonsia crescens (chrysosporium parvum var. crescens) was demonstrated as the causative agent in 5 cases of disease-in the badger (meles meles), the otter (lutra lutra) and the fox (vulpes vulpes). e. parva was demonstrated in the remaining case of disease in a fox. the badger is a new, up to the present unknown host of e. crescens. the sporadic occurrence of adiaspiromycosis in the fox and the ... | 1976 | 945461 |
| the intestinal parasites of the red fox in south west wales. | 2003 | 953684 | |
| the occurrence of mesocestoides sp. in british wild red foxes (vulpes vulpes crucigera). | infection with the cyclophyllidean tapeworm mesocestoides sp. is recorded in british wild red foxes (vulpes vulpes cr-cigera) from scotland and south east england. previously, the occurence of this parasite in great britain has been rarely reported, but the results of the present study indicate that vulpine infection may be common. | 1976 | 965710 |
| isospora vulpina nieschulz and bos, 1933: description, and transmission from the fox (vulpes vulpes) to the dog. | oocysts of isospora vulpina were found in silver foxes (vulpes vulpes) on a fox farm in wisconsin. they were 29.7 (25-38) x 24.3 (21-32) mum. the sporocysts were 17.7 (15-23) x 13 (11-16) mum. five coccidia-free puppies were inoculated with 22,000-42,000 oocysts each of i. vulpina from the fox: a patent infection resulted after 6-7 days. the infection was then transferred from 1 of these dogs to another coccidia-free puppy. after a 7-day prepatent period the puppy passed oocysts for 7 days. | 1976 | 972349 |
| helminth parasites of the fox (vulpes vulpes) in new south wales. | a total of 930 foxes (vulpes vulpes) from new south wales were examined for the presence of gastro-intestinal helminth parasites. the cestodes were represented by taenia pisiformis with a prevalence of 15.7%, t. serialis (22.6%), t. taeniaeformis (0.1%), spirometra erinacei (28.7%) and dipylidium caninum (8.3%). no specimens of t. ovis, t. hydatigena or echinococcus granulosus were encountered. toxocara canis was the most prevalent nematode and occurred in 35.2% of foxes. other nematodes encount ... | 1976 | 985241 |
| 5-aminovaleric acid, a major free amino acid component of the anal sac secretion of the red fox, vulpes vulpes. | 1976 | 1000937 | |
| food caching by red foxes and some other carnivores. | food caching by the red fox, vulpes vulpes, may safeguard surplus food for future consumption. because of practical difficulties involved in observation the extent to which the fox making a cache, or any other fox, can utilise the hoard was not known. this problem is tackled through extended observation, using unfra-red binoculars, on wild foxes (some of which were radio-tagged), together with experiments involving hand-reared tame foxes, either walked on a long leash or free and radio-tagged. t ... | 1976 | 1007654 |
| [expression of homologous genes in interspecies arctic fox x silver fox hybrids (alopex lagopus x vulpes vulpes). iii. mechanisms of expression of alleles of locus gpd, located on the x-chromosome]. | the electrophoretic pattern of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g-6-pd) was studied in 60 intergeneric fox hybrids (alopex lagopus x vulpes vulpes), 33 females and 27 males. it is shown that the structural gene for g-6-pd, designated as gpd, is located on the x-chromosome in both arctic and silver foxes. analysis of g-6-pd in the erythrocytes of hybrid females demonstrated that the phenotypic expression of parental alleles at the locus gpd varied considerably: from 1:1 to the hemizygous manisf ... | 1976 | 1010322 |
| allelic expression in intergeneric fox hybrids (alopex lagopus x vulpes vulpes). i. comparative electrophoretic studies on blood enzymes and proteins in arctic and silver foxes. | twenty-seven blood enzymes and proteins, whose structures are presumably controlled by at least 33 genes, were assayed in arctic and silver foxes by starch gel electrophoresis. two types of protein and enzyme electrophoretic patterns were distinguished: one exhibiting a single enzyme, the other several isozymes. the two fox species were found to differ in seven of the 27 enzymes and proteins studied: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase, erythrocyte carboxylesterase, diaphorase, p ... | 1976 | 1016223 |
| [new faunal and biological observations on ticks in abruzzo]. | ticks collected during the years 1975-76 in abruzzo (prov. l'aquila and chieti) italy are reported. the following species have been identified: ixodes canisuga, ixodes frontalis, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes ricinus, dermacentor marginatus, haemaphysalis sulcata, rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus sanguineus, hyalomma marginatum. new hosts are: felis catus for ixodes canisuga; scolopax rusticola, motacilla flava, corvus cornix for ixodes frontalis; sciurus vulgaris for haemaphysalis punctata; garrul ... | 1976 | 1032325 |
| studies on the oral infectivity of rabies virus in carnivora. | mature and immature red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) were fed varying numbers of white mice infected with street isolates and a fixed strain of rabies virus. rabies deaths and the development of serum neutralizing antibody to rabies virus occurred in both species. the epizootiological implications of these findings are discussed. | 1975 | 1097742 |
| paragonimus kellicotti infection in wild carnivores in southwestern ontario: i. prevalence and gross pathologic features. | paragonimus kellicotti ward, 1908 was recovered from 16 of 105 mink (mustela vison), 14 of 244 striped skunks (mephitis mephitis), 10 of 446 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 1 of 31 coyotes (canis latrans), 0 of 326 raccoons (procyon lotor) and 0 of 8 weasels (mustela spp.) collected from southwestern ontario. the majority of carnivores harboring p. kellicotti was collected from two counties (huron and bruce) bordering the east shore of lake huron where 6.0% of the animals (excluding raccoons) were in ... | 1975 | 1113433 |
| emmonsia parva as causal agent of adiaspiromycosis in a fox. | the authors report on adiaspiromycosis of a fox (vulpes vulpes) caused by emmonsia parva. species diagnosis was made on the basis of dimensions of the fungus found in the lungs of the animal, the histopathological picture of tissue changes and the properties of the isolated culture. the identification of the fungus was also confirmed by experimental infection. the differential diagnosis of the agent of adiaspiromycosis is discussed by experimental infection. the differential diagnosed of the age ... | 1975 | 1124461 |
| some helminths of the red fox, vulpes vulpes schlencki kishida, in hokkaido, japan, with a description of a new trematode, massaliatrema yamashitai n. sp. | 1975 | 1142572 | |
| paragonimus kellicotti infection in wild carnivores in southwestern ontario: ii. histopathologic features. | pulmonary lesions associated with naturally acquired paragonimus kellicotti infection were studied in mink (mustela vison), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis), red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and a coyote (canis latrans). in ,ink a fibrous capsule was formed around mature flukes in dilated bronchioles or bronchi, and there was mild focal interstitial pneumonitis adjacent to fluke eggs in alveoli and migrating parasites. a thick wall, infiltrated heavily with mononuclear cells and eosinophils, surroun ... | 1975 | 1152176 |
| dihydroactinidiolide in the supracaudal scent gland secretion of the red fox. | 1975 | 1165772 | |
| fitting richards' curve to data of diverse origins. | published techniques for fitting data to nonlinear growth curves are briefly reviewed; most techniques require knowledge of the shape of the curve. a flexible growth curve developed by richards (1959) is discussed as an alternative when the shape is unknown. the shape of this curve is governed by a specific parameter, which can be estimated from the data. we describe in detail the fitting of a diverse set of longitudinal and cross-sectional data to richards' growth curve for the purpose of deter ... | 1975 | 1183852 |
| [morphological characteristics of adrenal cortex structure in domesticated silver fox females]. | 1991 | 1204449 | |
| [homologous gene expression in intergeneric fox hybrids (alopex lagopus x vulpes vulpes). i. comparative electrophoretic analysis of blood proteins and enzymes in arctic and silver foxes]. | a comparative study of 27 enzymes and proteins in blue and silver foxes was carried out by means of starch gel electrophoresis. the structure of these enzymes and proteins is determined by about 33 genes. it is shown that a number of blood enzymes and proteins of these species is represented by a single electrophoretic form, while lactate dehydrogenase, carboanhydrase, arylesterase, carboxylesterase, diaphorase, hexokinase and tetrasolium oxidase have several forms. it is also found that these s ... | 1975 | 1218728 |
| [mathematical model applied to the study of the red fox]. | 1975 | 1225686 | |
| [a further contribution to the parasite fauna of the red fox, vulpes vulpes (l.), in austria]. | 1976 | 1258570 | |
| [parasitism of the fox (vulpes vulpes l.) by ixodidae (acarina) in northeast france. interpretation of the seasonal dynamics of the parasites in relation to the biology of the host]. | 1976 | 1266553 | |
| development of a recombinant vaccinia-rabies vaccine for oral vaccination of foxes against rabies. | to improve both safety and stability of the vaccines used in the field to vaccinate foxes against rabies by the oral route, a recombinant vaccinia virus, expressing the immunizing g protein of rabies virus (vvtgg rab-26d3 187 x p strain) has been developed. the c-dna corresponding to the glycoprotein of the era strain of rabies virus has been inserted into the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of the vaccinia virus (copenhagen strain). the efficacy of this recombinant strain was tested by the oral rout ... | 1992 | 1286744 |
| epidemiology of sylvatic trichinellosis in north-western italy. | muscle samples from 7,142 wild boars (sus scrofa), 80 free-ranging hogs, 1,462 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) 90 mustelids, 15 alpine marmots (marmota marmota), 873 rodents and 92 insectivores were examined for trichinella railliet, 1895. a wild boar, a badger (meles meles) and 30 foxes (2.1%) were found to be infected. eleven vulpine isolates and the wild boar isolate were identified as trichinella britovi. these results show that the wild boar has little significance as a reservoir of t. britovi in ... | 1992 | 1305850 |
| [detection of the eggs of echinococcus multilocularis leuckart, 1863, in the feces of the fox (vulpes vulpes linnaeus, 1758) by the polymerase chain reaction]. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was applied to the identification of eggs of echinococcus multilocularis in faeces from foxes. the test was positive in three of six faeces samples from foxes which were harbouring adult worms, and in one of four samples from foxes in which no adult e. multilocularis was found in the intestines. these initial results show that it is possible to use pcr to identify e. multilocularis eggs in faeces. pcr can be used to complement examination of intestinal content ... | 1992 | 1305852 |
| parasitological and serological studies on the prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis leuckart, 1863 in red foxes (vulpes vulpes linnaeus, 1758) in switzerland. | in the canton of zurich in switzerland, 1,252 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) were examined during 1990-1991 for intestinal stages of echinococcus multilocularis using the mucosal smear technique. special safety precautions were employed during examination. an average of 35% (432 foxes) were infected, mostly with low to medium numbers of gravid worms producing thick-shelled eggs. in the eleven districts of the canton, prevalence rates varied between 13% and 57%. an average of 29% of the foxes had anti ... | 1992 | 1305853 |
| sarcoptic mange in swedish wildlife. | mange caused by sarcoptes scabiei var. vulpes appeared among red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in scandinavia (south-west finland) for the first time in this century in 1967. the disease was most probably introduced by foxes crossing the gulf of finland from estonia. the mange epizootic spread northwards through finland and reached sweden in late 1975, when mangy foxes appeared in the northern part of the country. in 1984, mange was observed in most parts of sweden. the disease was observed to spread ra ... | 1992 | 1305857 |
| metabolic rate and evaporative water loss at different ambient temperatures in two species of fox: the red fox (vulpes vulpes) and the arctic fox (alopex lagopus). | 1. resting metabolic rate (rmr) and evaporative water loss (ewl) of adult red and arctic foxes were determined over ambient temperature (ta) ranges of -13-37 degrees c and -5-30 degrees c as oxygen consumption and amount of water in expired air using an open flow system. 2. the average rmr was 2.60 +/- 0.14 w/kg for the winter red fox, 2.59 +/- 0.14 w/kg for the summer red fox, and 2.35 +/- 0.11 w/kg for the winter arctic fox. 3. the rate of increase of rmr was significant (p less than 0.05) onl ... | 1992 | 1351445 |
| species- and tissue-specific transcription of complex, highly repeated satellite-like bsp elements in the fox genome. | we have studied the transcription of highly repeated satellite-like bsp elements containing the potential promoter boxes for rna polymerase iii in the genomes of adult silver and arctic foxes. the bsp repeat transcripts were abundant enough to be detected by northern blot and semiquantitative dot blot hybridizations, and the majority were found in the nuclear rna fraction from arctic fox kidneys. weak hybridization signals were revealed with the cytoplasmic rna preparation from silver fox kidney ... | 1992 | 1377064 |
| [the helminth fauna of red foxes (vulpes vulpes linnaeus 1758) in north hesse and east westphalia. 1. cestodes]. | between november 1989 and june 1990 a total number of 397 foxes were examined for the presence of cestodes. the animals came from the districts of arnsberg, detmold and kassel. in 16.4% of the foxes infections with echinococcus multilocularis were found, in 28.5% taenia crassiceps, in 14.4% taenia polyacantha, in 4.3% mesocestoides spp., in 3.3% multiceps multiceps, in 2.5% hydatigera taeniaeformis, in 0.8% taenia hydatigena and in 0.3% taenia martis. infections with echinococcus multilocularis ... | 1992 | 1396164 |
| the role of foxes vulpes vulpes in the epidemiology of echinococcus granulosus in urban environments. | to survey the prevalence of intestinal worms, particularly echinococcus granulosus, in foxes in canberra. | 1992 | 1454000 |
| [the testosterone level in the testes of silver foxes during prenatal development]. | the level of testosterone in serum and testes of the silver fox fetuses on days 31, 35, 40, 45, and 50 of gestation was determined using radioimmunoassay. in testes, testosterone was first detected at day 31; then its level gradually increased. serum testosterone was detected only at day 40. subsequent increase in its concentration was insignificant. human chorionic gonadotropin stimulated testicular testosterone production in vitro beginning from day 40. we suggest that in the silver fox, teste ... | 1992 | 1454293 |
| [the occurrence of echinococcus granulosis and e. multilocularis in thuringia]. | the occurrence of e. granulosus and e. multilocularis in the region of thuringia is reported. parasitological investigations showed 1421 e. granulosus metacestodes, 91.7% of them in lungs and 1.3% in livers of cattle, 6% in lungs and 1% in livers of pigs; that means an infestation rate at slaughter of 0.1%-0.3% in cattle and 0.001-0.004% or less in pigs resp. 90.1% of the hydatid cysts proved to be fertile even in a size of 1.5 cm diameter. adult e. granulosus was found post mortem in 2 of 324 d ... | 1992 | 1456463 |
| [the helminth fauna of the red fox (vulpes vulpes linne, 1758) in nordhessen and ostwestfalen. 2. nematodes]. | between november 1989 and june 1990 a total number of 397 foxes were examined for the presence of nematodes in the stomach and the small intestine and 403 foxes for the presence of trichinella spiralis larvae. the animals came from the districts of kassel, arnsberg and detmold. in 32.7% of the foxes infections with toxocara canis were found, in 11.1% toxascaris leonina, in 3.8% ancylostoma caninum, in 3.5% uncinaria stenocephala and in 2.3% capillaria species. in most cases the number of nematod ... | 1992 | 1459030 |
| trap-vaccinate-release and oral vaccination for rabies control in urban skunks, raccoons and foxes. | two rabies control tactics, trap-vaccinate-release (t-v-r) and oral vaccination were used for the control of rabies in skunks (mephitis mephitis), raccoons (procyon lotor), and foxes (vulpes vulpes) in metropolitan toronto, canada. using t-v-r, a mean of 45% to 72% (95% confidence limits of 40% to 81%) of the skunks and a mean of 17% to 68% (95% confidence limits of 14% to 76%) of the raccoons in a 60 km2 area of toronto were vaccinated against rabies between 1987 and 1991. the area has been fre ... | 1992 | 1474654 |
| diseases and parasites of red foxes, gray foxes, and coyotes from commercial sources selling to fox-chasing enclosures. | fifty-six red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 18 gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus), and 13 coyotes (canis latrans) obtained by the south carolina wildlife and marine resources department during an investigation of suspected illegal wildlife translocation were examined for diseases and parasites. red foxes and coyotes were confiscated from an animal dealer based in ohio (usa), and gray foxes were purchased from an animal dealer in indiana (usa). emphasis was placed on detection of pathogens representi ... | 1992 | 1474656 |
| consideration of inactivated rabies vaccines as oral immunogens of wild carnivores. | an experimental beta-propiolactone (bpl)-inactivated rabies virus vaccine was evaluated for the oral immunization of captive raccoons (procyon lotor) and red foxes (vulpes vulpes). none of 10 red foxes administered a single 1.0 ml dose of bpl-inactivated rabies virus vaccine (pm strain; 100 or 500 micrograms protein) per os developed detectable anti-rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies (vna) at any time over 8 wk of observation. foxes were excluded from further study. in two different groups of ... | 1992 | 1474662 |
| the fox (vulpes vulpes) as a reservoir for canine angiostrongylosis in denmark. field survey and experimental infections. | until recently, angiostrongylus vasorum was not considered to be an endogenous danish parasite, since demonstration of this worm had been confined to necropsy findings in 2 dogs, both of which had visited france. during the last 2 years, however, clinical cases have been diagnosed among a considerable number of danish dogs, none of which had ever been outside denmark. all these cases have occurred north of copenhagen, where an endemic focus seems to exist. in this field survey a. vasorum was fou ... | 1992 | 1488951 |
| xylazine hydrochloride-ketamine hydrochloride immobilization of free-living red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in spain. | a combination of xylazine hydrochloride-ketamine hydrochloride was used to immobilize 83 wild red foxes (vulpes vulpes) (15 pups and 68 adults) at doñana national park (spain). mean ketamine hydrochloride doses were 17.1 mg/kg (se = 1.53) and 12.3 mg/kg (se = 0.4) for pups and adults, respectively, and mean xylazine hydrochloride doses for the same groups were 6.2 mg/kg (se = 0.63) and 4.7 mg/kg (se = 0.14), respectively. mean induction times and first reaction times were 1.6 minutes and 22.5 mi ... | 1992 | 1512894 |
| [environmental hygienic aspects of echinococcosis]. | a literature review on the current situation of echinococcosis in central europe is given. the only final host for echinococcus granulosus in this region ist the dog. the infection rate of dogs with e. granulosus in central europe is less than 1%. according to meat inspection statistics in germany less than 0.008% of sheep, pigs and horses carry larval stages of e. granulosus. parasitologically confirmed is the occurrence of a cattle-dog strain, the cysts of which were found in 0.26% of slaughte ... | 1992 | 1516550 |
| oral rabies vaccination of skunks and foxes with a recombinant human adenovirus vaccine. | a new recombinant rabies vaccine (human adenovirus 5 containing the rabies glycoprotein gene) was given to striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) and red foxes (vulpes vulpes). groups of skunks received the vaccine in baits, by direct instillation into the mouth, or intramuscularly. foxes were given vaccine by direct instillation into the oral cavity (dioc). selected groups of vaccinated skunks and foxes were challenged with street rabies virus. there were high rates of seroconversion (generally wit ... | 1992 | 1550495 |
| mapping of silver fox genes: chromosomal localization of the genes for got2, ak1, aldoc, acp1, itpa, pgp, and blvr. | evidence is presented for the chromosome localization of seven silver fox genes by the use of a panel of fox x chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. ak1, got2, and aldoc are assigned to chromosome vfu2, pgp to chromosome vfu38, blvr to chromosome vfu5, acp1 to chromosome vfu8, and itpa to chromosome vfu14. the genetic map of 29 fox genes is compared with those reported for man and other mammals. the results we obtained support and extend our previous suggestion that the formation of the canidae ... | 1991 | 1647290 |
| polyglucosan bodies in the central nervous system of a fox. | polyglucosan bodies (pgb) in the central nervous system of an old male fox, vulpes vulpes japonica, without neurological signs were examined by light and electron microscopy, lectin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. fox pgb were round, slightly-basophilic and pas-positive structures. most of the bodies were situated free in the neuropil. electron microscopically, fox pgb were composed mainly of branching filaments and electron-dense material. lectin histochemistry revealed that fox pgb co ... | 1991 | 1663141 |
| rabies in urban foxes (vulpes vulpes) in britain: the use of a spatial stochastic simulation model to examine the pattern of spread and evaluate the efficacy of different control régimes. | the threat of rabies being reintroduced into britain is probably greater now than at any time over the last 60 years. this threat is reviewed with particular regard to the problems that would be posed should rabies be introduced to the high-density fox populations found in many cities in southern england. computer models can provide a valuable means of understanding the pattern of rabies spread in fox populations and the likely problems of control, so the construction of previous rabies models w ... | 1991 | 1686115 |
| ultrastructural findings in spongy degeneration of white matter in silver foxes (vulpes vulpes). a naturally occurring demyelinating disease with oligodendrocyte vacuolation. | spongy degeneration of white matter in silver foxes is a naturally occurring, hereditary disorder. we report ultrastructural findings in the upper cervical cord of five perfusion-fixed foxes that were examined between 5 weeks and 2 1/4 years after the onset of clinical signs. large cytoplasmic vacuoles in oligodendrocytes were present in the foxes examined 5, 12 and 20 weeks after the onset. other early features of the disease were severe vacuolation of myelin sheaths, demyelination, expansion o ... | 1990 | 1703382 |
| large-scale eradication of rabies using recombinant vaccinia-rabies vaccine. | rabies infection of domestic and wild animals is a serious problem throughout the world. the major disease vector in europe is the red fox (vulpes vulpes) and rabies control has focused on vaccinating and/or culling foxes. culling has not been effective, and the distribution of five vaccine baits is the only appropriate method for the vaccination of wild foxes. although some european countries have conducted field vaccination campaigns using attenuated rabies virus strains, their use has not bee ... | 1991 | 1758494 |
| identification of sylvatic trichinella (t3) in foxes from france. | thirty-three foxes (vulpes vulpes) from a sample of 1912 collected in france were found to be infected with trichinella spp. four isolates were obtained for genetic identification. isoenzymatic and biological analysis of these isolates revealed the presence of two distinct genetic types of trichinella, trichinella spiralis s.str. (t1) and trichinella sp. (t3) (trichinella nelsoni according to soviet authors) in the fox population. the reproductive capacity index of these isolates in wistar rats ... | 1991 | 1763479 |
| [effect of a major gene in inheritance of the cortisol level in the peripheral blood of a domesticable population of foxes (vulpes vulpes)]. | domestication of animals is known to be associated with hereditary changes in the pituitary-adrenal system which regulates most important stages of ontogenesis. cortisol is one of the basic indices of activity of this system. a segregation analysis of inheritance of cortisol content in blood of domestic silver fox population was undertaken. the results of the analysis point to an effect of a major gene controlling this quantitative trait, and indicate that breeding for domestic behaviour is acco ... | 1991 | 1802790 |
| lung and hearth nematodes in some spanish mammals. | thirteen host species belonging to the orders rodentia, insectivora and carnivora from various localities in galicia (nw spain) were examined for heart and lung parasites. the following species were found: parastrongylus dujardini (5.5%) in apodemus sylvaticus, crenosoma striatum in erinaceus europaeus (83%), angiostrongylus vasorum, crenosoma vulpis and eucoleus aerophilus in vulpes vulpes (3, 3.46 and 0.50%, respectively), crenosoma taiga in putorius putorius (100%) and crenosoma sp. in meles ... | 1991 | 1844789 |
| serological (em2-elisa) and parasitological examinations of fox populations for echinococcus multilocularis infections. | serum or body fluid samples of 1,006 foxes were investigated in an elisa for antibodies against a highly sensitive and specific antigen (em2-antigen) of echinococcus multilocularis. parasitological examinations of the intestines and simultaneous serological examinations were carried out in 505 foxes: a group of 98 blue foxes (alopex lagopus) from norwegian fox farms did not contain intestinal stages of e. multilocularis and was clearly sero-negative in em2-elisa. on the other hand in red foxes ( ... | 1991 | 1858455 |
| [parasite fauna of red foxes in berlin (west)]. | the infestation with ecto- and endoparasites of red foxes in berlin (west) was investigated. as shown by post mortems of 100 animals (47 males and 53 females), none of them was found to be free of parasites. with regard to ectoparasites, 3 species of ixodes ticks, 7 flea species, one species of biting lice and mite species were demonstrated. the sarcoptic mange is often inducing the death of the foxes and is considered to be a limiting factor of the population increment. concerning endoparasites ... | 1991 | 1872791 |
| a new type of lesion associated with severe fur damage in canadian ranch foxes and an investigation of possible causes. | in the silver fox, as in its wild ancestor, the red fox (vulpes vulpes l.), the annual growing phase (anagen) of guard hair follicles occupies at least four months. severe damage to the hair coat near the end of this growing period was reported in 1985 on many ranches in new brunswick and nova scotia. a histological analysis of serial sections of skin biopsies showed a marked increase in nuclear aberrations in the hair matrix of anagen guard hair follicles. these nuclear aberrations indicated th ... | 1991 | 1884287 |
| [behavioral ecology of the transmission of rabies]. | red fox behavioural ecology was studied in a rabies-enzootic area in order to determine how population size is balanced despite rabies-induced mortality. the results suggest that the red fox rabies virus equilibrium evolves, and is due to the solitary behaviour pattern of the fox which reduces the risk of virus transmission from on territory to another; and to the subsequent autumn dispersal, which allows the local fox population to recover in the space of under a year. the hypothesis is put for ... | 1991 | 1897867 |
| [methodological approach to genetic-selection analysis of social behavior of animals (using as an example domestic behavior of the silver fox]. | social behaviour of animals, i.e. interspecies contacts, were studied in a population of silver foxes in the longitudinal model domestication experiment. three social behaviour traits were analysed: contactibility, critical distance and domestication index. the latter trait is a linear function of elementary behaviour reactions, postures induced by man which is determined by the principal components method. the most valiable selection phenotype for further modelling of domestication, as shown by ... | 1991 | 1916254 |
| vitamin a in the urine of carnivores. | vitamin a levels (retinol equivalents) in the urine of canines were between 423 ng/ml (dog) and 6304 ng/ml (silver fox). neither vitamin a nor vitamin e was found in the urine of herbivores, omnivorous and rodents. no vitamin a but low levels of vitamin e were detected in cats. vitamin a in the urine was present as retinol and retinyl esters (basically retinyl palmitate/oleate). the total excretion of vitamin a represented 15 to 63% of the daily uptake in dogs, while less than 4% of vitamin e wa ... | 1991 | 1917346 |
| pathology of naturally acquired angiostrongylus vasorum infection in the red fox (vulpes vulpes). | 199 out of 509 foxes culled in a rabies control scheme, were shown to be infected with the metastrongylid parasite angiostrongylus vasorum. pathological lesions associated with angiostrongylosis in the fox are described and compared to reported lesions of a. vasorum infection in the dog. the lesions observed in the foxes seemed to be less severe and mainly confined to the ventral parts of the lung lobes which showed granulomatous pneumonia. right ventricular hypertrophy of the heart was present ... | 1991 | 1928794 |
| reference data on the anatomy and serum biochemistry of the silver fox. | clinically healthy silver foxes obtained from a closed colony were investigated for the purpose of establishing base-line data for this species. the anthropometry (body weight; body length; length and width of the head; width, depth, and circumference of the chest; length of the tail), anatomical measurements (weight; longitudinal and transverse length; thickness of the main organs) and serum biochemical assays (ast, alt, alp, ldh, ck, lipase, ggt, t-cho, beta-lipo, tg, phos-lip, tp, t-bil, ua, ... | 1991 | 1956149 |
| life cycles of echinococcus multilocularis in relation to human infection. | the cycle of echinococcus multilocularus in natural and synanthropic hosts was investigated during 10 yr in an endemic focus of alveolar hydatid disease in the massif central of france. the natural cycle, involving red foxes, vulpes vulpes, and voles, arvicola terrestris, existed immediately surrounding a village in which human cases of alveolar hydatid disease occurred. both foxes and free-ranging dogs could serve as the source of infection for the human population. | 1991 | 1992084 |
| mapping of the silver fox genes: assignments of the genes for me1, adk, pp, pepa, gsr, mpi, and got1. | evidence is presented for the assignment of seven fox genes on the basis of the segregation data for chromosomes and enzymes of fox x chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. the chromosomal loci of the following enzyme genes were determined: me1, vfu1; adk and pp, vfu4; pepa, vfu5; gsr, vfu7; and mpi and got1, vfu15. the localization of these genes now extends the fox genetic map to 22 mapped genes. based on comparative analysis of mammalian genetic maps, karyotype evolution in carnivora is discus ... | 1991 | 2013231 |
| prevalence and geographical distribution of the ear canker mite (otodectes cynotis) among arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) in iceland. | three hundred forty five adult arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) from all counties in iceland were examined for excess cerumen and ear canker mites (otodectes cynotis). only 13 foxes (4%) from a single county in northwestern iceland were infested, where the prevalence of otodectiasis was 38%. whether or not this parasite is new to the arctic fox in iceland is unknown. if it is recently introduced, possible sources of infestation are farmed silver foxes (vulpes vulpes), domestic dogs, domestic or fer ... | 1991 | 2023307 |
| dirofilaria immitis in coyotes and foxes in missouri. | wild canid carcasses were obtained during the 1986-1987 and 1987-1988 trapping seasons in missouri. hearts and lungs from 293 coyotes (canis latrans), 85 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 70 gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) were examined for dirofilaria immitis. age of hosts was determined by radiographic and histologic techniques. nineteen coyotes (7%) had from 1 to 100 d. immitis and five red foxes (6%) had from 1 to 7 d. immitis, whereas gray foxes had none. this study indicates that heartwo ... | 1991 | 2023319 |
| carnivora: the primary structure of the hemoglobin from the silver fox (vulpes vulpes var., canidae). | the primary structure determination of the hemoglobin alpha- and beta-chains from the silver fox (vulpes vulpes var., canidae) is described. the separation of the chains could be achieved directly from the hemoglobin by rp-hplc as well as by column chromatography of the globin using carboxymethyl-cellulose. following tryptic digestion of the chains, the peptides were isolated by rp-hplc. amino-acid sequences were determined by edman degradation in liquid and gas phase sequencers. the peptides co ... | 1991 | 2039604 |
| [transmissibility and pathogenicity in the red fox of two rabies viruses isolated at a 10 year interval]. | two rabies virus strains collected from naturally infected foxes in france in 1976 and 1986 were inoculated in 2 groups each consisting of 10 foxes (approximately 50 lethal doses50 mouse intracerebral per fox). another 20 healthy foxes were kept in the same cages as the inoculated animals in order to study the transmission of both strains. all the inoculated foxes became rabid and transmitted rabies to their cage companion. the intervals between death of the inoculated foxes and death of the cag ... | 1991 | 2042909 |
| [mapping of the silver fox genome. iii. determination of the chromosomal localization of the got2, ak1, aldoc, acp1, itpa, pgp and blvr genes]. | evidence is presented for the chromosome localization of seven silver fox genes obtained with the help of panel of fox x chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. thus, the ak1, got2 and aldoc are assigned to chromosome vfu2, pgp to chromosome vfu3, blvr to chromosome vfu5, acp1 to chromosome vfu8 and itpa to chromosome vfu14. the genetic map of 29 fox genes is compared with those reported for man and other animals. the results obtained support and extend our previous suggestion that formation of th ... | 1990 | 2074010 |