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titration behavior of individual tyrosine residues of myoglobins from sperm whale, horse, and red kangaroo.the titration behavior of individual tyrosine residues of myoglobins has been studied by observing the ph dependence of the chemical shifts of czeta and cgamma of these residues in natural abundance of 13c fourier transform nmr spectra (at 15.18 mhz, in 20-mm sample tubes, at 37 degrees) of cyanoferrimyoglobins from sperm whale, horse, and red kangaroo. a comparison of the ph dependence of the spectra of the three proteins yielded specific assignments for the resonance of tyr-151 (sperm whale) a ...19768455
oxygen affinity and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in blood of australian marsupials of differing body size.oxygen carriage and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-dpg) levels have been measured in the blood of seven species of australian marsupials ranging in size from 35 to 0.03 kg. they were red and grey kangaroos, wallaroo, tammar wallaby, brush-tailed possum, potoroo, and brown marsupial mouse. oxygen affinity decreased with decrease in adult body size, standard p50 (at 36 c) varying from 24.6 torr in the largest (red kangaroo) to 41.9 torr in the smallest (brown marsupial mouse). the relationship betwee ...197724866
acid and alkaline forms of the higher oxidation state of kangaroo, horse, and sperm whale myoglobin.myoglobin(iv), the derivative of myoglobin at the formal oxidation state iv, prepared from kangaroo (megaleia rufa), horse, or sperm whale myoglobin, when cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature, assumes acid and alkaline forms with different optical spectra. the essential features of the optical spectra of the acid forms are the same as those of leghemoglobin(iv) and are very similar to those of optical spectra of the red higher oxidation states of catalases and peroxidases. this shows that the c ...197827521
unexplained differences in the erythrocytic ouabain-sensitive and insensitive adenosine triphosphatase activity between grey and red kangaroos. 1975240627
oral squamous cell carcinoma in a giant red kangaroo. 1979521386
the use of marsupial x eutherian somatic cell hybrids to study marsupial cell surface antigens.buck and bodmer (1976) have developed a technique for identifying an antigen on the surface of human x mouse somatic cell hybrids, specified by a gene on a particular human chromosome. we have successfully adapted this technique to a study of marsupial cell surface antigens. somatic cell hybrids between macropus rufus (marsupialia) lymphocytes and the mouse cell lines pg19 and 1r were injected intraperitoneally into mice of the same inbred strain from which the above cell lines were derived (c57 ...1978572214
fracture repair in a red kangaroo. 1977585532
red cell metabolism in red and grey kangaroos.glucose utilization, lactate production and glutathione regeneration were measured in the red blood cells of 2 species of australian marsupials, eastern grey kangaroo (macropus gigantus) and red kangaroo (macropus rufus), and were found to be significantly lower in the red blood cells from grey than that of red kangaroos.1977590437
progamotaenia ruficola sp. n. (cestoda: anoplocephalidae) from the red kangaroo, macropus rufus (marsupialia).progamotaenia ruficola sp. n. is described from the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) from new south wales, australia. it is distinguished from other similar species having paired, nondiverticulate uteri in each prolottis: progamotaenia festiva (rudolphi 1819), p. diaphana (zschokke 1907), and p. macropodis beveridge 1976, by the extremely broad, straight-edged velum, the lack of an external seminal vesicle, the cirrus armature, the number of testes, the lack of vaginal atrophy following inseminatio ...1978641671
the amino-acid sequence of kangaroo pancreatic ribonuclease.red kangaroo (macropus rufus) ribonuclease was isolated from pancreatic tissue by affinity chromatography. the amino acid sequence was determined by automatic sequencing of overlapping large fragments and by analysis of shorter peptides obtained by digestion with a number of proteolytic enzymes. the polypeptide chain consists of 122 amino acid residues. compared to other ribonucleases, the n-terminal residue and residue 114 are deleted. in other pancreatic ribonucleases position 114 is occupied ...1978658039
cholangitis associated with species of progamotaenia (cestoda: anoplocephalidae) in the bile ducts of marsupials.gross and histopathologic changes due to infection with progamotaenia festiva and p. effigia in the bile ducts of the marsupials, macropus rufus, m. giganteus, m. fuliginosus, lagorchestes conspicillatus, vombatus ursinus and lasiorhinus latifrons are described. the integrity of the bile duct mucosa was not impaired but varying degrees of hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mucosa and mucosal glands, inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis were found. portal fibrosis was the prominent reaction in lasi ...1978691133
kidney structure and function of desert kangaroos.the structure and function of the kidneys of two species of desert kangaroos, the red kangaroo (megaleia rufa) and the euro (macropus robustus), were examined. both kangaroos had glomerular filtration rates (gfr), renal plasma flows, and urine flow rates, when hydrated and dehydrated, which were lower than those of similarly sized eutherian mammals. the differences observed between the two species of marsupials were both structural and functional. the gfr of the red kangaroo was higher than that ...1977863826
studies on metatherian sex chromosomes. iii. the use of tritiated uridine-induced chromosome aberrations to distinguish active and inactive x chromosomes.the paternal x inactivation system of kangaroos has been investigated in this study by using tritiated uridine-induced chromosome aberrations to distinguish the active from the inactive x. previous work in eutherian mammals has demonstrated that constitutive heterochromatic chromosome regions are less susceptible to breakage by tritiated uridine than euchromatic regions. the results of a comparison between the paternal x chromosome of a wallaroo x red kangaroo hybrid female and the two x chromos ...1977901301
the behaviour of red kangaroos (megaleia rufa) on hot summer days.to investigate the functional significance of the behaviour of large mammals in hot, arid conditions, field observations were made of the behaviour of red kangaroos. the behaviour of individual animals was recorded in detail during hot summer days and measurements of the prevailing temperature and radiation environment were made. changes in the postures adopted by animals during the day are described in relation to environmental conditions; and the occurrence of certain postures and behaviours a ...1976936790
the amino-acid sequence of the alpha-crystallin a chains of red kangaroo and virginia opossum.the amino acid sequence of the a chain of the eye lens protein alpha-crystallin from the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) was completely determined by manual edman degradation of tryptic, thermolytic and cyanogen bromide peptides. the sequence of the alpha-crystallin a chain from the virginia opossum (didelphis marsupialis) was deduced from amino acid analyses and partial edman degradation of peptides. the 173-residue a chains of kangaroo and opossum differ in six positions, whereas comparison with ...1976964255
the nuclei of the vestibular nerve of the red kangaroo, megaleia rufus.the preceeding account describes vestibular nuclei of the kangaroo which conform to the general mammalian pattern. certain pecularities such as subdivisions of the medial vestibular nuclei are reported but cannot be assigned functional importance. the four major vestibular nuclei and the cerebellum receive vestibular root fibers in like manner as in other mammalian brains. the nuclear patterns and the secondary connections of the vestibular complex in the kangaroo are likewise consistent with th ...1976965720
pneumocystis carinii infections in zoo animals.pneumocystis carinii was found to be present in the lungs of twenty-three zoo animals in the netherlands. the following species were represented: red kangaroo, common tree shrew, senegal-galago, demidoff's-galago, brown howler monkey, woolly monkey, long-haired spider monkey, white-eared marmoset, chimpanzee, three-toed sloth, palm squirrel, red panda, fennec fox, tree hyrax and large-toothed hyrax.19751079994
effects of dehydration on body-water distribution in desert kangaroos.the effect of dehydration on the distribution of water in the bodies of two species of desert kangaroos, the red kangaroo megaleia rufa and the euro macropus robustus, has been examined. the volumes of various body-fluid compartments were determined in normally hydrated animals and then after the kangaroos had been dehydrated until body weight declined to 80% of the initial weight. the fluid compartments examined were total body water, plasma volume, intracellular volume (cellular and gut water) ...19751147052
haematology and blood chemistry of the red kangaroo megaleia rufa in captivity.haematology and biochemistry was performed to establish base line values on not less than 30 samples of blood and serum from 10 red kangaroos megaleia rufa held in captivity. the kangaroos were apparently healthy. ranges for results were: haemoglobin 16-18 gm/100 ml, pcv 46-51%, erythrocytes 4.9 - 5.7 times 10(6)/mm3. mcv 86-98 mum3, mch 30-34 pg, mchc 34-36%, leucocytes 3.8 - 7.1 times 10(3)/mm3, neutrophils 2.0 - 4.7 times 10(3)/mm3, lymphocytes 1.2 - 2.4 times 10(3)/mm3, monocytes 0.1 - 0.3 t ...19751164287
studies on metatherian sex chromosomes. i. inheritance and inactivation of sex-linked allelic genes determining glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variation in kangaroos.wallaroos (macropus robustus robustus), which have the g6pd-f electrophoretic phenotype, crossed with euros (m.r.erubescens), of g6pd-s phenotype, produced f1 animals which had only the maternal g6pd type regardless of the direction of the cross. when f1 hybrids were backcrossed to wallaroos or euros, backcross progeny of either perental phenotype resulted. sex-linked inheritance of allelic g6pd genes is shown to occur in wallaroos, euros and red kangaroos (m. rufus). dose compensation for x chr ...19751225290
steatitis in a red kangaroo (macropus rufus) associated with a coccidia-like protozoon. 19931554779
detection by allozyme electrophoresis of cryptic species of hypodontus macropi (nematoda: strongyloidea) from macropodid marsupials.allozyme electrophoresis of 98 hypodontus macropi from eight different species of hosts using 24 enzymes revealed a complex of at least six sibling species, with 15-50% fixed genetic differences between taxa. except for the taxon parasitizing macropus rufus/m. robustus, pairs of parasite taxa were, in each case, sympatric at each locality examined, thus supporting the conclusion that they represent valid species. the existence of a series of host-specific nematode taxa explains many of the incon ...19921639562
1h nmr spectroscopic survey of plasma and erythrocytes from selected marsupials and domestic animals of australia.1. 1h nmr spectra were acquired from whole plasma, intact erythrocytes, and ultrafiltrates of erythrocytes from nine native and eight introduced (domestic) australian animals; single-pulse, spin-echo and 2-dimensional spectra were obtained. the aim was to detect and at least semi-quantify metabolites in the samples and compare the profiles amongst the species. 2. the australian natives that were studied were all marsupials: greater brown bandicoot; bettong; eastern grey kangaroo; red kangaroo; k ...19911769206
the effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on secretion by the parotid and mandibular glands of red kangaroos macropus rufus.the effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on secretion by macropodine parotid and mandibular glands were investigated using anaesthetized red kangaroos. in the parotid gland, acetazolamide (500 mumol.l-1) reduced a stable acetylcholine-evoked, half-maximal flow rate of 2.02 +/- 0.034 to 0.27 +/- 0.023 ml.min-1 (87% reduction). concurrently, salivary bicarbonate concentration and secretion fell (129.4 +/- 1.46 to 80.9 +/- 1.63 mmol.l-1 and 264.8 +/- 7.96 to 22.3 +/- 2.30 mumol.min-1, respectiv ...19911783692
effect of phosphate-regulating hormones on plasma composition, cardiovascular function, and parotid salivary phosphate secretion in red kangaroos (macropus rufus).the effects of administration of phosphate-regulating hormones on plasma composition, cardiovascular function, and secretion of phosphate and other electrolytes in parotid saliva were investigated in anesthetized red kangaroos. plasma [po4] was elevated by intravenous injections of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(oh)2d3) at 5 or 12.5 nmol/12 hr for 72 hr but was unaltered by intravenous or intracarotid infusion of either salmon or porcine calcitonins at rates up to 3.2 iu min-1 for 60 min or ...19912026317
metabolic effects of cortisol, acth, adrenalin and insulin in the marsupial sugar glider, petaurus breviceps.the effects of cortisol, acth, adrenalin and insulin on indices of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism were investigated in the conscious marsupial sugar glider petaurus breviceps. short-term i.v. infusion of cortisol at dose rates of 0.02, 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg per h caused the plasma glucose concentration to rise sharply from the normal range of 3.3-4.4 to 8.1-8.7 mmol/l at the end of the infusion period without significant alteration in plasma free fatty acid (ffa), amino acid or urea concen ...19902174452
absence of an osseous patella and other observations in macropodidae stifle.the patella is a large sesamoid bone that typically develops in the tendon of insertion of the large extensor muscles of the stifle joint. although present in almost all species of mammals and birds, it has been found to be absent in the red kangaroo and two wallaby species (family macropodidae). in its place is a fibrocartilage pad, located in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. this structure is visible grossly, is palpable, and has the form normally expected of a bony patella. in add ...19902297078
suspected lysosomal storage disease in kangaroos.a probable neurovisceral lysosomal storage disease is reported, for the first time, in immature red and grey kangaroos (macropus rufus and m. giganteus). foamy, pale eosinophilic, periodic acid-schiff positive, intracytoplasmic material was stored in the liver, lymphoid tissue, kidney, adrenal gland, stomach, blood vessels and central nervous system. extensive wallerian-type degeneration was present in the central nervous system. electron microscopic study of one animal revealed electron dense, ...19902338732
x-ray crystallography of incisor enamel from red kangaroo.x-ray powder diffraction of red kangaroo (macropus rufus) dental enamel, with a relative density greater than 2.60, showed a longer a-axis length of the apatite unit cell, a = 9.462 a, a shorter c-axis length, c = 6.877 a, and a smaller crystallite size, ca. 185 a, than those of human dental enamel. the a-axis of red kangaroo dental enamel was one of the longest among the values reported previously, whereas the c-axis was one of the shortest. the crystallite size was almost equal to that of dent ...19902374023
amylase activity, protein and urea in saliva of the red kangaroo (macropus rufus).parotid and mandibular salivas, produced at flow rates of 0.055 +/- 0.0038 to 4.45 +/- 0.101 and 0.052 +/- 0.0059 to 4.30 +/- 0.072 ml min-1 respectively by intracarotid infusion of acetylcholine or methacholine, were analysed. during acetylcholine stimulation, the protein concentration ranged from 86.4 +/- 10.17 to 235.0 +/- 23.5 mg l-1 in parotid and from 102.9 +/- 11.54 to 379.6 +/- 38.01 mg l-1 in mandibular saliva. the minimum protein concentrations in parotid and mandibular salivas occurre ...19872452626
the effect of beta-sympathomimetic stimulation on parotid salivation in the red kangaroo (macropus rufus).salivation was stimulated by intracarotid isoprenaline infusion given alone or combined with acetylcholine. by itself, isoprenaline (0.12-1.2 nmol kg-1 min-1) stimulated flow rates of 0.037-0.233 ml min-1 (2.77-10.5 microliters/g gland per min). salivary na, cl, po4 and total solute concentrations were positively correlated with flow; k, mg and urea were negatively correlated with flow; and ca, h+, hco3, protein and amylase activity were not correlated with flow. relative to cholinergic saliva, ...19892480771
histological properties and biological significance of pouch in red kangaroo, macropus rufus.2 embryos, 4 youngs, 4 older youngs and the pouch of 2 mothers of the red kangaroos were examined. the results obtained are as follows: 1. the initial muscle spindles are already observed light microscopically in the vertebral, dorsal neck and forelimb muscles of the newborn baby and a little bit later in the masticatory muscles of the young of 68 mm in craniorump length and 28 g in body weight. 2. in the skin with less hair lining the inner surface of the pouch, abundant apocrine large sweat gl ...19892523677
salivation in the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) during sympathetic nerve stimulation.1. continuous electrical stimulation at low frequency (5 hz) and short pulse duration (500 microseconds) of the cervical sympathetic trunk for periods up to 15 min caused no obvious flow from the parotid or mandibular glands of the red kangaroo. 2. higher frequencies combined with longer pulse durations caused both glands to secrete. flow reached maximum in less than 3 min and then declined but, on cessation of stimulation, flow increased again for a short period. this flow response may be cause ...19892566416
secretion by the mandibular gland of the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) during isoprenaline infusion.intracarotid infusion of isoprenaline, either alone or in combination with acetylcholine infusion was used to stimulate salivation by the mandibular glands of anaesthetized red kangaroos. isoprenaline alone (0.20-1.25 eta mol.kg-1.min-1) elicited flow rates ranging from 0.014 to 0.239 ml.min-1 (1.21-28.1 microliters.g gland-1.min-1). salivary concentrations of sodium, chloride, phosphate and urea were negatively correlated with flow, whereas potassium, calcium, magnesium, hydrogen ion, bi-carbon ...19892607021
characteristics of cardiac action potentials in marsupials.standard microelectrode techniques were used to record action potentials from single atrial, ventricular and purkinje fibers of hearts taken from three species of marsupial (macropus rufus, macropus robustus and macropus eugenii) and from dogs, sheep and guinea-pigs. the major electrophysiological parameters of marsupial potentials were qualitatively similar to the values for placental mammals. the grouped data for ventricular action potentials from studies on 6 adult male red kangaroos (macropu ...19892715459
host-parasite associations of eimeria spp. (apicomplexa:eimeriidae) in kangaroos and wallabies of the genus macropus (marsupialia:macropodidae).faecal samples from 514 kangaroos and wallabies representing 12 species of the genus macropus were examined for oocysts of eimeria spp. six species of eimeria were redescribed from their type hosts, and on the basis of finding homologous oocysts in the faeces of other macropus spp., host ranges for these coccidia were extended. eimeria hestermani mykytowycz, 1964 is redescribed from m. giganteus (eastern grey kangaroo) and is described from m. fuliginosus (western grey kangaroo), m. rufogriseus ...19892759765
[muscle spindle distribution of masticatory and prevertebral muscles with special reference to histological properties of pouch and biological significance in red kangaroo, macropus rufus]. 20102956346
the myoglobin protein radical. coupling of tyr-103 to tyr-151 in the h2o2-mediated cross-linking of sperm whale myoglobin.sperm whale metmyoglobin, which has tyrosine residues at positions 103, 146, and 151, dimerizes in the presence of h2o2. equine metmyoglobin, which lacks tyr-151, and red kangaroo metmyoglobin, which lacks tyr-103 and tyr-151, do not dimerize in the presence of h2o2. the dityrosine content of the sperm whale myoglobin dimer shows that it is primarily held together by dityrosine cross-links, although more tyrosine residues are lost than are accounted for by dityrosine formation. digestion of the ...19883182873
high mobility group (hmg) proteins in the tammar wallaby macropus eugenii: quantitative variations between tissues and testis-specific co-extracted proteins.1. tammar wallaby (macropus eugenii, marsupialia) proteins with similar electrophoretic mobilities to calf non-histone chromosomal proteins hmg 1, 2, 14 and 17 are perchloric acid extracted from whole tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, brain and testis) and purified liver nuclei (using pca or 0.35 m nacl). 2. tammar and calf hmg 1 have similar amino acid compositions. 3. two testis-specific basic proteins co-extracting with hmg-like proteins from both tammar and red kangaroo (megaleia rufa) are fou ...19873621908
a comparison of the intrinsic fluorescence of red kangaroo, horse and sperm whale metmyoglobins.several metmyoglobins (red kangaroo, horse and sperm whale), containing different numbers of tyrosines, but with invariant tryptophan residues (trp-7, trp-14), exhibit intrinsic fluorescence when studied by steady-state front-face fluorometry. the increasing tyrosine content of these myoglobins correlates with a shift in emission maximum to shorter wavelengths with excitation at 280 nm: red kangaroo (tyr-146) emission maximum 335 nm; horse (tyr-103, -146) emission maximum 333 nm; sperm whale (ty ...19863730392
nadh-methemoglobin reductase activity in the erythrocytes of newborn and adult mammals.nadh-mr activity was measured in the erythrocytes of newborn and adult horses, pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, red kangaroos, fruit bats, rats, mice, rabbits and humans. our results fail to support an earlier hypothesis that higher nadh-mr activity may be an adaptation to increased ruminal nitrite production leading to accelerated oxidation of fetal hemoglobin.19863780953
effects of flow rate, duration of stimulation and mineralocorticoids on the electrolyte concentrations of mandibular saliva from the red kangaroo (macropus rufus).mandibular saliva was collected at eight flow rates ranging between 0.052 +/- 0.0059 (s.e. of mean) and 4.294 +/- 0.0717 ml min-1 from anaesthetized red kangaroos receiving ipsilateral intracarotid infusions of acetylcholine. the concentrations of sodium (4.04 +/- 0.759 to 75.9 +/- 4.64 mmol l-1) and chloride (51.2 +/- 2.46 to 85.0 +/- 6.90 mmol l-1) and the osmolality (99.7 +/- 4.88 to 178.9 +/- 13.50 mosmol kg-1) were positively correlated with salivary flow rate over most or all of the flow r ...19863805995
provisional mapping of the gene for a cell surface marker, ga-1, in the red-necked wallaby macropus rufogriseus.a series of m. rufogriseus-mouse somatic cell hybrids was constructed and analysed cytologically, enzymatically and immunologically. a monoclonal antibody, ga-1, was prepared against an m. rufogriseus cell surface antigen on an m. rufogriseus-mouse somatic cell hybrid. a gene determining the expression of this antigen was provisionally assigned to the long arm of the m. rufogriseus chromosome 3. the monoclonal antibody also reacted with an m. rufus (red kangaroo)-mouse somatic cell hybrid contai ...19853834888
klossiella (apicomplexa, klossiellidae) in petaurid and macropodid marsupials in australia.six new species of klossiella are described in the kidneys of australian marsupials: klossiella rufogrisei in bennett's wallaby, macropus rufogriseus; klossiella rufi in the red kangaroo, macropus rufus; klossiella thylogale in the red-bellied or tasmanian pademelon, thylogale billardierii; klossiella beveridgei in the spectacled hare-wallaby, lagorchestes conspicillatus; klossiella bettongiae in the tasmanian bettong, bettongia gaimardi; and klossiella schoinobatis in the petaurid greater glide ...19853930707
proteins of marsupial erythrocyte membranes.the proteins of erythrocyte membranes from the red kangaroo, western grey kangaroo, eastern grey wallaroo (euro), red-necked wallaby, tammar wallaby, and brush-tail possum have been fractionated on acrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. the pattern of proteins was remarkably similar between the different marsupial species. the pattern of coomassie blue-staining proteins in the membranes of these species was also very similar to that of the human erythrocyte membrane. however, ...19854051902
thermoregulatory responses of the arid zone kangaroos, megaleia rufa and macropus robustus. 19734147795
forelimb blood flow and saliva spreading in the thermoregulation of the red kangaroo, megaleia rufa. 19744153851
sleep and other behaviours of the red kangaroo (megaleia rufa). 19704324127
adrenal insufficiency in the red kangaroo (megaleia rufa, desm.). 20114411880
carbohydrates of the prostate of two australian marsupials, trichosurus vulpecula and megaleia rufa. 19744412309
the restraint of red kangaroos using etorphine-acepromazine and etorphine-methotrimeprazine mixtures. 19744447529
molluscum contagiosum in a red kangaroo. 19744451533
cellular degeneration in the testis of red kangaroos during hot weather and drought in central australia. 20154522372
isolation of rugopharynx delta from a wallaby (macropus rufus). 19724661008
mother-young relations and early behavioural development in the marsupials macropus eugenii and megaleia rufa. 19734782236
the nuclei of the cochlear nerve of the red kangaroo, megaleia rufus. 19734791638
blood chemistry and gastro-intestinal changes in the developing red kangaroo (megaleia rufa, desmarest). 19725065475
absence of countercurrent exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions or glucose between the arterial and venous blood in the spermatic cords of rams and two marsupials (macropus eugenii and megaleia rufa). 19695357945
the type ii arylsulphatases of the red kangaroo. 19715543582
studies on marsupial proteins. iv. amino acid sequence of myoglobin from the red kangaroo, megaleia rufa. 19715553675
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the red kangaroo (megaleia rufa): purification and the amino acid sequence around a reactive cysteine. 19715579442
termination of embryonic diapause in the red kangaroo, megaleia rufa, by injection of progesterone or oestrogen. 19685644489
specific milk proteins associated with resumption of development by the quiescent blastocyst of the lactating red kangaroo. 19665949521
a specific protein difference in the milk from two mammary glands of a red kangaroo. 19666008522
changes in milk composition of the red kangaroo, megaleia rufa (desmarest), during lactation. 19676067636
inhibition of ovulation by the corpus luteum in the red kangaroo, megaleia rufa. 19676068582
prolactin and luteinizing hormone receptors in marsupial corpora lutea: relationship to control of luteal function.prolactin and lh receptor concentrations in tammar wallaby corpora lutea (cl) have been examined and related to the control of luteal function in this and other marsupial species. during embryonic diapause, quiescent cl contained high concentrations of prolactin receptors. this was consistent with an earlier suggestion that prolactin may act directly on the cl to maintain its quiescent state. however, despite an apparent seasonal change in the mechanism by which the cl is maintained in quiescenc ...19826276490
satellite dna sequences in the red kangaroo (macropus rufus).there is a complex pattern of satellite dna sequences in m. rufus which are revealed by addition of ag+ or dye (hoechst 33258) to the dna ink cs2so4 or cscl equilibrium density gradients. six satellite dna fractions have been isolated; these have buoyant densities in neutral cscl of 1.692, 1.704, 1.705, 1.707 (two), 1.710 and 1.712 g/ml compared with 1.696 g/ml for the main band dna. each satellite accounts for 1-3% of the dna of the genome. the satellites are located in the centromeric heteroch ...19826293435
detection and control of rotavirus infections in zoo animals.fecal specimens from 15 exotic animal species, with and without diarrhea, were examined for the presence of rotavirus, bacterial enteropathogens, and intestinal parasites. a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect antigens of rotavirus. rotavirus was detected in the feces of 20 (57%) of 35 of the animals, which included addax (addax nasomaculatus), nyala (tragelaphus angasi), saiga (saiga tatarica), white-tailed gnu (connochaetus gnou), greater kudu (tragelaphus strepsice ...19836315660
electrolyte composition of parotid saliva from sodium-replete red kangaroos (macropus rufus).saliva was collected from the parotid salivary gland of anaesthetized sodium-replete red kangaroos (macropus rufus) by catheterization of the parotid duct through its opening in the mouth. salivary secretion was stimulated by ipsilateral intracarotid infusion of acetylcholine at varying rates to produce salivary flow rates ranging from 0.056 +/- 0.0042 (s.e. of mean) to 4.509 +/- 0.1136 ml min-1. the concentrations of sodium (142.2 +/- 1.93 to 157.0 +/- 1.17 mmol l-1), calcium (40.1 +/- 7.08 to ...19846491590
immunology of pouch young marsupials. i. levels of immunoglobulin transferrin and albumin in the blood and milk of euros and wallaroos (hill kangaroos: macropus robustus, marsupialia).the concentration of total protein, albumin, transferrin, and immunoglobulin g of adult serum, pouch young serum, milk whey and colostrum has been estimated in three species of kangaroos, macropus robustus, macropus rufus (= megaleia rufa) and macropus giganteus. no study of this kind has previously been published for any marsupial species. the three individual proteins were antigenically identical in all four kinds of fluid. colostrum and milk whey are relatively enriched in transferrin but hav ...19846519341
"whey" proteins of milk of the red (macropus rufus) and eastern grey (macropus giganteus) kangaroo.1. a comparison is made of gel electrophoretic patterns of the "whey" proteins of the milk of red (macropus rufus) and eastern grey (macropus giganteus) kangaroos at various stages of lactation. qualitative and quantitative changes occur with time during the mature phase of lactation of both types. their onset is related solely to the stage of lactation. "whey" proteins are isolated and characterised and the nature of protein changes determined for the first time. 2. the anodic electrophoretic p ...19836600992
marsupial neurohypophysial hormones: identification of mesotocin, lysine vasopressin, and phenypressin in the quokka wallaby (setonix brachyurus).the neurohypophysial hormones of the quokka wallaby (setonix brachyurus) have been isolated through preparative high pressure liquid chromatography (hplc). one oxytocin-like and two vasopressin-like peptides have been found. these peptides have been characterized by their amino acid composition and by their retention time in hplc. mesotocin ([i1e8]-oxytocin) has been identified by amino acid composition, polar partition chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography with a reversed phase co ...19836618161
[evolution of vasopressins in marsupials: a new hormone, phenypressin (phe2-arg8-vasopressin), present in the macropodidae].a duplication of the pressor hormone has been found in some marsupials, either american species belonging to the family didelphidae or australian species belonging to the family macropodidae. two pressor peptides, lysine vasopressin and phenypressin (phe2-arg8-vasopressin) have been chemically identified in the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) and the tammar (macropus eugenii). in contrast, the brush-tailed possum (trichosurus vulpecula), a species belonging to the family phalangeridae, has a singl ...19806780214
identification of mesotocin, lysine vasopressin, and phenypressin in the eastern gray kangaroo (macropus giganteus).the neurohypophysial hormones of the eastern gray kangaroo (macropus giganteus) have been isolated through molecular sieving and paper chromatoelectrophoresis. one oxytocin-like and two vasopressin-like peptides have been found. these peptides have been characterized by amino acid analysis. mesotocin ([ile8]-oxytocin), has been identified both by amino acid composition and by behavior in partition chromatography. lysine vasopressin has been characterized by amino acid composition and by partial ...19836826050
the mammary glands of the tammar wallaby (macropus eugenii) during pregnancy and lactation.the 4 mammary glands of a nulliparous tammar wallaby differentiate during the 27-day pregnancy in preparation for lactation. alveoli increase in size and number in the first half of gestation, and this increase continues slowly to term. at or soon after parturition the alveolar lumina enlarge as the gland to which the young is attached begins to secrete. the connective tissue stroma of the gland is progressively replaced throughout pregnancy and lactation with glandular tissue. gross dimensions ...19827077604
mapping a marsupial x chromosome using kangaroo-mouse somatic cell hybrids.a series of marsupial-eutherian somatic cell hybrids was produced by fusion between lymphocytes from the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) and hprt-deficient mouse cells. the hybrids lost marsupial chromosomes and could therefore be used to map marsupial genes. several of the hybrids contained a complete red kangaroo x chromosome and expressed the kangaroo form of the enzymes hprt, g6pd, and pgka. a number of hprt-deficient revertant cell lines were derived from the hybrids. these possessed a variet ...19817194766
morphological observations on the diapausing blastocyst of some macropodid marsupials.diapausing blastocysts from the uteri of females of 11 macropodid species were fixed, torn, flattened and stained for examination of the protoderm. the protoderm remained undifferentiated and unilaminar throughout diapause. the number of cells in the protoderm did not vary with age in macropus rufus or m. eugenii. protoderm cell number decreased slightly with age in m. rufogriseus banksianus and appeared to decrease in potorous tridactylus. the diameter of the shell did not change appreciably wi ...19817205794
phylogeny of neurohypophyseal hormones. vasopressin polymorphism in three kangaroo species.the neurohypophyseal hormones of three species of australian marsupials belonging to the family macropodidae (macropus rufus, macropus giganteus, macropus robustus) have been investigated. in these species three active peptides have been disclosed, one with oxytocic activity and two with pressor activity. the three hormones are present in all the individual glands which have been examined. purification has been undertaken by ion-exchange chromatography and paper chromatoelectrophoresis. the more ...19817228493
repeated dna sequences and kangaroo phylogeny.three highly repeated dna sequences have been used to determine relationships of species within the macropodidae (kangaroos and wallabies). two highly repeated dna sequences were isolated as buoyant density satellites in the red-necked wallaby and in the wallaroo-euro group. the third probe was a cloned representative of one class of highly repeated species from the red kangaroo. radioactively labelled probes of these three repeated sequences were used to determine the incidence and distribution ...19817295212
an autosomal gene assignment in a marsupial: the gene for ldh-a is on chromosome 5 of the red kangaroo, macropus rufus.a number of somatic cell hybrids between red kangaroo (macropus rufus) and mouse cells, which lose marsupial chromosomes, were found to express the kangaroo form of ldh-a. concordance between the expression of marsupial ldh-a and the presence of chromosome 5 in the hybrid cells and selected subclones enabled the gene for ldh-a to be assigned to this chromosome. this is the first autosomal gene assignment in a marsupial and should prove important for chromosome mapping in the red kangaroo and in ...19817332531
comparative studies of alpha-lactalbumin and lysozyme: the proteins of kangaroo (megaleia rufa and macropus giganteus) and horse (equus caballus).as part of a study of the 'whey' proteins of various mammals, a comparison is made of the alpha-lactalbumins and lysozymes of the kangaroo and horse. in the milk of the red kangaroo (megaleia rufa) there is only one alpha-lactalbumin and it occurs throughout lactation, but no lysozyme has been detected. there are two alpha-lactalbumins in the milk of the grey kangaroo (macropus giganteus), one, designated alpha-lactalbumin zone b, is present throughout lactation; the second, designated alpha-lac ...19807366582
an outbreak of pasteurellosis in kano zoo.an outbreak of pasteurellosis caused by pasteurella multocida is reported in which six elands (taurotragus oryx), a gnu (connochaetes taurinus albojubatus), a zebra (equus bruchelli), five kangaroos (macropus rufus), an ostrich (struthio camelus camelus) and a bateleur eagle (terathopius ecaudatus) died in kano zoological gardens toward the end of the rainy season of 1978. confirmation was based on cultural isolation of p. multocida. analysis of likely factors that could have contributed to the ...19807373722
identification of lysine vasopressin in two australian marsupials, the red kangaroo and the tammar. 19807417335
phenypressin (phe2-arg8-vasopressin), a new neurohypophysial peptide found in marsupials.recent investigations on marsupial neurohypophysial hormones have revealed that species belonging to the australian family macropodidae and the american family didelphidae have, apart from an oxytocin-like hormone, two vasopressin-like peptides which can be separated either by ion-exchange chromatography or chromatoelectrophoresis. the major pressor hormone of two australian species, the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) and the tammar (macropus eugenii), has been identified as lysine vasopressin by ...19807432483
phosphoglycerate kinase pseudogenes in the tammar wallaby and other macropodid marsupials.phosphoglycerate kinase (ec 2.7.2.3; pgk) exists in two forms in marsupials. pgk1 is an x-linked house-keeping enzyme, and pgk2 is a mainly testis-specific enzyme under autosomal control. we have used pgk1 probes derived from two closely related species of macropodid marsupials (kangaroos and wallabies) to demonstrate the existence of a large family of pseudogenes in the tammar wallaby (macropus eugenii). over 30 fragments are detectable after taq digestion. we estimate that there are 25-30 copi ...19948000135
running springs: speed and animal size.trotting and hopping animals use muscles, tendons and ligaments to store and return elastic energy as they bounce along the ground. we examine how the musculoskeletal spring system operates at different speeds and in animals of different sizes. we model trotting and hopping as a simple spring-mass system which consists of a leg spring and a mass. we find that the stiffness of the leg spring (k(leg)) is nearly independent of speed in dogs, goats, horses and red kangaroos. as these animals trot or ...19938294853
fine structure of the retinal epithelial regions of the red kangaroo (macropus rufus).the fine structure of the retinal epithelium, bruch's membrane, and choriocapillaris has been studied by electron microscopy in the red kangaroo (macropus rufus). the retinal epithelium consists of a single layer of pigmented, squamous cells. the epithelial cells are joined laterally by tight junctions and throughout the retina, display numerous basal infoldings and apical processes that enclose photoreceptor outer segments. the retinal epithelial cells are rich in smooth endoplasmic reticulum a ...19938338231
mechanisms of fluid and ion secretion by the parotid gland of the kangaroo, macropus rufus, assessed by administration of transport-inhibiting drugs.possible mechanisms of primary fluid formation by macropodine parotid glands were investigated in anaesthetized red kangaroos using ion transport inhibitors. carotid plasma amiloride concentrations of 0.05-0.5 mmol.l-1 progressively reduced a stable acetylcholine-evoked half-maximal flow rate of 2.0 +/- 0.04 to 0.22 +/- 0.024 ml.min-1 (mean +/- sem). concurrently, saliva bicarbonate concentration and secretion fell (135 +/- 1.6 to 67 +/- 1.7 mmol.l-1 and 272 +/- 7.6 to 15 +/- 2.6 mumol.min-1, re ...19958576452
diffusional water permeability of mammalian red blood cells.an extensive programme of comparative nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of the membrane diffusional permeability for water (pd) and of the activation energy (ea,d) of this process in red blood cells (rbcs) from 21 mammalian species was carried out. on the basis of pd, these species could be divided into three groups. first, the rbc's from humans, cow, sheep and "large" kangaroos (macropus giganteus and macropus rufus) had pd values approximately 5 x 10(-3) cm/s at 25 degrees and 7 x 10(-3) ...19958590380
circulating levels of prolactin and progesterone in a wild population of red kangaroos (macropus rufus) marsupialia: macropodidae.circulating progesterone and prolactin levels were measured in shot and live-caught wild red kangaroos using radioimmunoassays validated for the red kangaroo. the objective of the study was to correlate hormone profiles with reproductive status and determine if red kangaroos follow the general pattern elucidated for other macropodids. during phase 2a lactation ( < 70 days) plasma progesterone concentrations were < 189 pg/ml (n = 41). this value increased to > 600 pg/ml (n = 32) during the transi ...19968729941
a new family of entodiniomorph protozoa from the marsupial forestomach, with descriptions of a new genus and five new species.a unique group of entodiniomorph protozoa was found in forestomach contents from quokka (setonix brachyurus), western grey kangaroo (macropus fuliginosus), red kangaroo (macropus rufus) and euro (macropus robustus erubescens). a new genus, macropodinium n.g., containing five new species, is described. three species are described from forestomach contents of the quokka: macropodinium baldense n. sp., macropodinium moiri n. sp. and macropodinium setonixum n. sp. a single species, macropodinium enn ...19968768432
sry and karyotypic status of one abnormal and two intersexual marsupials.an intersexual agile wallaby (macropus agilis) with a penis, a pouch and four teats had a sex-chromosome constitution of xxy in lymphocytes and cultured fibroblasts; the sex-determining region y (sry) gene was present, consistent with the presence of a testis. an intersexual eastern grey kangaroo (macropus giganteus) with a small empty scrotum and no penis, and an abnormal red kangaroo (macropus rufus) with no penis, pouch or teats, both had xx sex-chromosome complements; the sry gene was not pr ...19979208434
the effect of transport-blocking drugs on secretion of fluid and electrolytes by the mandibular gland of red kangaroos, macropus rufus.mechanisms of primary fluid formation by macropodine mandibular glands were investigated in anaesthetized red kangaroos using ion-transport and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. bumetanide at carotid plasma concentrations of 0.005-0.1 mmol/l progressively reduced a stable, acetylcholine-evoked flow rate of 1.02 +/- 0.024 ml/min to 0.16 +/- 0.016 ml/min (mean +/- sem). concurrently, saliva [na], [cl] and osmolality decreased, [k] and [hco3] increased and hco3 excretion was unaffected. high-rate chol ...20139447260
molecular population genetics of the red kangaroo (macropus rufus): mtdna variation.the genetic population structure of a large, wide-ranging marsupial, the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) was assessed using sequence and haplotype frequency data of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) from locations across the species range in australia. results from sequence data revealed extensive haplotype diversity within the red kangaroo (32/34 sequences were unique). sequence diversity was distributed within rather than between geographical regions across the species range. genetic connectivity across ...19989640648
cdna cloning of luteinizing hormone subunits from brushtail possum and red kangaroo.luteinizing hormone (lh) plays an important role in the reproductive cycles of all mammals. there is a large amount of both nucleotide and amino acid sequence data available for lh from eutherian mammals, but little is known about the primary structure of lh in marsupials. we have used consensus pcr primers to generate specific probes for screening pituitary cdna libraries and report the cloning of the cdnas encoding the alpha-subunit of lh (also shared by a number of other glycoprotein hormones ...19989680384
hepatotoxicity and secondary photosensitization in a red kangaroo (megaleia rufus) due to ingestion of lantana camara.three red kangaroos (megaleira rufus), an adult male, an adult female, and a yearling, were exposed in bedding and food to coastal bermuda hay that contained the toxic plant lantana camara. the adult male exhibited signs of anorexia, depression, lethargy, and jaundice. the adult female was presented dead. after 1 wk, following exposure to sunlight, the adult male and a yearling joey developed exudative dermatitis of the ear margins, eyelids, muzzle, and scrotum and opacity of the corneas. the ad ...19989732038
enzyme activity in parotid and mandibular saliva from red kangaroos, macropus rufus.parotid and mandibular saliva was obtained from red kangaroos by concurrent acetylcholine isoprenaline stimulation. salivary proteins were separated by horizontal electrophoresis on either cellulose acetate or starch gels and assessed by specific staining techniques for 23 enzymes commonly found in mammalian tissues and body fluids. parotid saliva was positive for acid phosphatase, alpha-amylase, carbonic anhydrase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and superoxide dismuta ...19989783823
energetics and biomechanics of locomotion by red kangaroos (macropus rufus).as red kangaroos hop faster over level ground, their rate of oxygen consumption (indicating metabolic energy consumption) remains nearly the same. this phenomenon has been attributed to exceptional elastic energy storage and recovery via long compliant tendons in the legs. alternatively, red kangaroos may have exceptionally efficient muscles. to estimate efficiency, we measured the metabolic cost of uphill hopping, where muscle fibers must perform mechanical work against gravity. we found that u ...19989787777
olfactory function in the red kangaroos (macropus rufus) assessed using odor-cued taste avoidance.each of six kangaroos, tested in a seminatural environment. learned to respond readily to water and to sniff at but not ingest an aqueous solution of 0.1% isoamyl acetate plus 0.5% quinine. avoidance of the odor stimulus typically occurred after licking at the solution on two to three trials for most subjects. kangaroos also learned to avoid lower concentrations of isoamyl acetate and to discriminate between isoamyl acetate and ethyl acetate. these results are among the first to document olfacto ...199910497954
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