Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [biochemical polymorphism in the red partridge (alectoris rufa)]. | egg white proteins, hemoglobin, serum proteins and enzymes from alectoris rufa have been examined by starch gel electrophoresis. all three genetic parameters, mean proportion of loci polymorphic per population (p), mean numbers of alleles per locus (a), and mean proportion of loci heterozygous per individual (h) are given for alectoris rufa, and comparison were made between the proteins of the related species coturnix coturnix japonica. | 1976 | 64137 |
| organochiorine insecticide residues in red-legged partridge. | 1978 | 98189 | |
| [biometry, hematology, plasma biochemistry and plasma and tissues enzymology of the red partridge (alectoris rufa) (author's transl]. | the following parameters have been estimated in 15 red partridges (young adults of both sexes): 1. biometry: relative weight of 10 organs (liver, kidneys, heart, brain, spleen, lungs, small gut, coecum, stomach, gizzard). 2. hematology (mean +/- s.d.): erythrocytes, 3.4 x 10(6) +/- 0.3 x 10(6) cells/mm3; packed cell volume 0.46 +/- 0.17; haemoglobin 103 +/- 27 g/l; mean red blood cell volume, 135.6 +/- 10.4 micrometer3; haemoglobin per red blood cell, 32.2 +/- 5,2 pg; haemoglobin concentration i ... | 1977 | 606140 |
| caecal cores and mortality in french partridges (alectoris rufa). | 1990 | 2301112 | |
| photoperiodic control of puberty in the red-legged partridge (alectoris graeca chukar). | the photoperiodic control of puberty in birds was studied using hybrid red-legged partridges (alectoris graeca chukar). in the wild partridges first breed at about 10 months of age. males and females were held from hatch on short (8l:16d) daylengths and then at 3, 4 1/2, 6, 7 1/2, 9, and 12 weeks of age groups were transferred to long daylengths (20l:4d) for 3 weeks to test for the photoperiodic induction of gonadal growth. control groups were maintained on either the short or long daylengths an ... | 1988 | 3044920 |
| thyroidectomy and the termination of juvenile refractoriness in the red-legged partridge (alectoris graeca chukar). | the role of thyroid hormones in the maintenance of juvenile refractoriness was studied in the red-legged partridge hybrid, alectoris graeca chukar. juvenile partridges, maintained on long (20l:4d) daylengths from hatch, were radiothyroidectomized at 6 1/2 weeks of age, and after 2 weeks were either held on long days or transferred to short (8l:16d) daylengths. short-day thyroidectomized birds showed no evidence of gonadal growth 18 weeks after thyroidectomy, and neither did euthyroid controls on ... | 1988 | 3197942 |
| nutritional encephalomalacia in red legged partridges. | 1986 | 3739194 | |
| the effect of ambient temperature and energy level on reproduction in red-legged partridges. | the effects of temperature and dietary energy on various reproductive parameters were studied in red-legged partridges (alectoris graeca) reared in three environmental chambers at either 18.3, 23.9, or 29.5 c. these birds were then cycled through two consecutive production periods. in period 1, at 38 weeks of age, the birds in each chamber, 118 pair total, were divided into four subgroups and fed a diet containing either 2600, 2800, 3000, or 3200 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy. the energy to pr ... | 1983 | 6622362 |
| the effect of light intensity, temperature, and diet on growth in red-legged partridge. | three hundred red-legged partridge chicks ( alectoris graeca) were divided into two groups and fed starter diets calculated to contain 24.5 and 24.9% crude protein and 2646 and 2662 kcal/kg metabolizable energy, respectively. one diet consisted of 5% fish meal while the other contained all vegetable protein. one-half of the birds on each diet were grown under fluorescent light intensity of 300 lx; the remainder received 5 lx. the results indicated that neither the source of protein nor intensity ... | 1984 | 6728795 |
| anticoccidial drugs for preventive therapy in intensively reared pheasants. | a range of anticoccidial drugs was tested in young pheasants inoculated with three species of eimeria. eimeria colchici, the most pathogenic species, was completely controlled by clopidol/methyl benzoquate and robenidine hydrochloride with the elimination of oocyst production. clopidol and arprinocid gave good protection with reduced oocyst output and clopidol also adversely affected oocyst sporulation. halofuginone and monensin were less effective. amprolium hydrochloride/sulphaquinoxaline/etho ... | 1981 | 7336544 |
| photorefractoriness and sexual response in aging partridge kept under constant long- and short-day photoperiods. | the duration of post-juvenile refractoriness was studied in red-legged partridge kept under a long constant 16-hr photoperiod from hatch to 55 months of age. a second group of partridge was kept under a short constant 8-hr photoperiod from hatch to 38 months of age. body weight was measured bimonthly, and daily egg production kept on birds reaching sexual maturity. eighty one percent of all birds were alive at 36 months of age. birds kept under a constant 16-hr photoperiod were generally heavier ... | 1980 | 7433373 |
| the study of interactive effects of pollutants: a biomarker approach. | biochemical biomarkers, such as inhibition of serum butyryl cholinesterase (buche) and brain acetyl cholinesterase (ache), have been useful in studies of interactive effects of pesticides in birds. examples of interactions due to increased activation or decreased detoxication are reviewed. studies have shown that hybrid red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa cross) pretreated with the inducing ergosterol biosynthesis inhibiting (ebi) fungicide, prochloraz, were more sensitive to the toxic effects ... | 1995 | 7481747 |
| a study of the bone marrow precursors and hemoglobin of the blood cells of the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa rufa l.). | the hematological characteristics of the red-legged partridge are reported. in addition to morphological observations of the circulating blood cells, a hemoglobin (hb) analysis and cytochemical and ultrastructural observations of the circulating blood cells and their precursors in the bone marrow are presented. two types of hb, major and minor, were found. hemoglobin electrophoresis revealed that they were composed of three different globin chains. on direct examination of the peripheral blood s ... | 2006 | 8018019 |
| mate choice and reproductive success in the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa). | behavioral patterns, reproductive success, and concentrations of plasma-luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and estrogen were compared in pairs of red-legged partridges which had either selected their own mates or had been randomly paired. males in self-selected pairs called more frequently than males in non-self-selected pairs. females in self-selected pairs but not those in non-self-selected pairs guarded their nests. females in self-selected pairs had a greater egg production and laid more of ... | 1993 | 8225255 |
| the use of biomarkers to measure the interactive effects of chemicals. | biomarker assays that provide measures of the toxic effects of chemicals on key organisms are of particular interest in ecotoxicology and environmental risk assessment. typically, such assays provide measures of the molecular mechanisms that underlie toxicity (e.g., inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase activity by organophosphorus insecticides and retardation of the vitamin k cycle by anticoagulant rodenticides). they are particularly valuable for detecting and quantifying toxicity where org ... | 2015 | 9626537 |
| red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa) as bioindicators for persistent chlorinated chemicals in spain. | persistent organochlorine residues such as hexachlorobenzene (hcb), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (hchs), chlorocyclodienes, and the ddt group (ddts) were determined in fat and muscle samples of resident red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa) hunted in spain. chlorinated contamination pattern varied largely depending on geographical distribution. birds collected from the northern part of spain contained greater concentrations of lindane (34.4 ng/g fat basis) than those from central or southern s ... | 2000 | 10556378 |
| molecular cytogenetic analysis of the chicken and red-legged partridge chromosome 4 repatterning. | conserved genome homologies between the chicken and partridge have been demonstrated for chromosomes 1 and z in previous studies. morphological differences between the chicken and partridge for chromosome 4 have also been identified. the chicken chromosome 4 is submetacentric while the partridge chromosome 4 is acrocentric. we now report that in spite of this morphological difference, both species share extensive homology for chromosome 4 as determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) ... | 1999 | 10721425 |
| captivity diets alter egg yolk lipids of a bird of prey (the american kestrel) and of a galliforme (the red-legged partridge). | the salient feature of the fatty acid profile of kestrel eggs collected in the wild was the very high proportion of arachidonic acid (15.2%+/-0.7% of fatty acid mass, n=5) in the phospholipid fraction of the yolk. kestrels in captivity fed on day-old chickens produced eggs that differed from those of the wild birds in a number of compositional features: the proportion of linoleic acid was increased in all the lipid fractions; the proportion of arachidonic acid was increased in yolk phospholipid ... | 2001 | 11247734 |
| the rally call recognition in males of two hybridizing partridge species, red-legged (alectoris rufa) and rock (a. graeca) partridges. | the red-legged (alectoris rufa) and rock (a. graeca) partridges hybridize and produce fertile offspring along a contact zone in french southern alps. the rally call emitted during pair formation, could play an important role in species recognition, acting as a behavioral reproductive isolating mechanism between males and females. in the present study, the coding system of the rally call was investigated from captive males of the two species and from f1 hybrids. by playing-back natural signals, w ... | 2001 | 11390087 |
| marked differences in the splanchnometry of farm-bred and wild red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa l.). | relative weights of heart, spleen, pancreas, and liver and the relative lengths of the small intestine and the cecum were taken from 40 farm-bred and 43 wild juvenile red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa linnaeus) in central spain. expressed as a ratio to head and body length, farm-bred partridges had lighter hearts (17% lighter), spleens (78%), and livers (29%) and shorter small intestines (15%) and cecae (20%), than wild birds of the same age. when expressed as a ratio to body weight, farm-br ... | 2001 | 11469664 |
| effects of housing type and breeding system on the reproductive capacity of the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa). | current methods of intensive breeding of the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa) are based on "industrial" laying practices, including removal and artificial incubation of eggs. these procedures can alter the reproductive behavior and physiology of the birds and, therefore, may not be suitable for use in breeding programs designed to increase wild populations. this study aimed to determine the effects of intensive housing and breeding methods on the laying capacity and reproductive behavior of ... | 2002 | 11873825 |
| pathology of avian pox in wild red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa) in spain. | the diagnosis and pathology of an avian pox outbreak in free-living red-legged partridges in cádiz, southern spain, is described. diagnosis of the disease was based on histopathology, ultrastructural examination of, and virus isolation from lesions of necropsied animals. lesions were present mainly in juvenile partridges (41%), and were observed primarily on the dorsal part of the digits or on the hock joint. the lesions ranged from small wartlike nodules to large tumor-like lesions. the presenc ... | 2002 | 12381617 |
| effects of a fiber-rich diet on physiology and survival of farm-reared red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa). | the sudden shift from a commercial energy-rich, fiber-poor diet to natural food is assumed as one of the causes of the low success of gamebird restocking. we fed farmed red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa) chicks with a diet rich in fiber from their first month of life to the time of their release to assess the possible effects on morphometric characteristics and plasma biochemistry and whether those effects enhance survival after release into the wild. at the time of release, treated partridge ... | 2003 | 12507611 |
| ectoparasite ticks and chewing lice of red-legged partridge, alectoris rufa, in spain. | during the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 shooting seasons, 212 wild red-legged partridge, alectoris rufa (galliformes: phaisanide) were captured in 18 spanish provinces and examined for chewing lice and ticks. three tick species and six species of chewing lice were found. ticks (acari: ixodidae) haemaphysalis punctata canestrini & fanzago, hyalomma lusitanicum koch and ixodes frontalis panzer were found at the lowest prevalence (1.4% overall tick prevalence). the louse (mallophaga) species, goniodes d ... | 2003 | 12680922 |
| first occurrence of mesocestoides sp. in a bird, the red-legged partridge, alectoris rufa, in spain. | larvae of mesocestoides sp. were found in the celomic cavity of one red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa) from azuara (aragón, north-eastern spain). this is the first report of this larval cestode occurring in birds from spain. none of the other 36 partridges from this area nor 150 partridges from other spanish localities were affected. the red-legged partridge does not seem to be an important link in the mesocestoides sp. life-cycle. | 2003 | 12743808 |
| correlates of helminth community in the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa l.) in spain. | between 1992 and 1996, 587 wild red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa) from 16 spanish provinces were examined to study the variations of helminth communities in this game species across a broad geographical area. the survey revealed 13 species of helminth parasites. dicrocoelium sp.. rhabdometra nigropunctata, and cheilospirura gruweli were the most common species, whereas raillietina bolivari, choanotaenia infundibulum, tetrameres sp., and capillaria anatis were the most rare. subulura suctori ... | 2003 | 12880240 |
| carotenoids in eggs and plasma of red-legged partridges: effects of diet and reproductive output. | carotenoids are important dietary constituents in birds. they serve as pigments and play numerous physiological roles in both the laying hen and developing embryo. however, factors determining the absorption of carotenoids and their allocation to different functions are numerous and complex, and causal relationships are generally poorly known. our objective was to determine the degree to which carotenoid levels in egg yolks and the plasma of hens were influenced by differences in diet and reprod ... | 2006 | 12905123 |
| sarcocystis sp. in the red-legged partridge, alectoris rufa, and the pheasant, phasianus colchicus. | 1957 | 13493498 | |
| [a strain of virus resembling plague virus isolated from the partridge alectoris rufa]. | 1954 | 14351483 | |
| chromosome homology between chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) and the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa); evidence of the occurrence of a neocentromere during evolution. | chromosome-specific paints from macrochromosomes 1-9 and z of the chicken were hybridised to metaphases of the red-legged partridge and revealed no inter-chromosomal rearrangements. the results from chromosome painting are similar to previous studies on the japanese quail but different from findings in guinea fowl and several species of pheasant. the difference in centromere position in chicken and partridge chromosome 4, previously assumed to be the result of an inversion, was confirmed. howeve ... | 2003 | 14970724 |
| descriptive study of an avian pox outbreak in wild red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa) in spain. | this study describes the dynamics and epidemiology of an outbreak of avian pox in free-living, red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa) in southern spain. between march 2000 and january 2001, 115 free-living, red-legged partridges (70 juveniles, 45 adults) were captured and radio-tagged. this, together with the necropsy of 44 carcasses (10 juveniles, 34 adults) found in the study area, and the inspection of 108 shot birds (74 juveniles, 34 adults) after a hunting drive in october, permitted a clos ... | 2004 | 15061513 |
| effects of prochloraz and malathion on the red-legged partridge: a semi-natural field study. | a semi-natural field study was carried out to assess the likelihood of a potentiation of toxicity between the ergosterol biosynthesis inhibiting (ebi) fungicide, prochloraz, and the organophosphorus (op) insecticide, malathion, in the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa). groups of partridges kept in four large grassland enclosures were exposed to either prochloraz-treated or control wheat for 7 days after which two of the enclosures were sprayed with malathion whilst the remaining two were sha ... | 1996 | 15091443 |
| comparative survey of the ectoparasite fauna of wild and farm-reared red-legged partridges ( alectoris rufa), with an ecological study in wild populations. | we compared the ectoparasite fauna of 89 wild red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa) from four hunting estates and 25 farm-reared partridges from three farms. we found 62% of the wild but only 20% of the farmed partridges harboured ectoparasites. on the wild partridges, one hippoboscid fly species (ornithophila metallica, 2%), two tick species (ixodes frontalis, 2%; hyalomma sp., 17%) and eight louse species were found (menacanthus lyali, 3%; m. numidae, 3%; menopon pallens, 21%; myrsidea picae, ... | 2004 | 15103557 |
| serologic response of red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa) after oral inoculation with toxoplasma gondii oocysts. | thirty 5-month-old red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa) reared in battery were divided into five groups: 4 birds in group a, 14 birds in group b, 4 birds in group c, 4 birds in group d and 4 birds in group e, and were inoculated orally with 10, 50, 10(2), 10(3) and 10(4) oocysts of the ov-51/95 strain of toxoplasma gondii, respectively. during the experiment, blood samples from all birds were drawn every 3-7 days and at necropsy. serologic response was measured by the modified agglutination te ... | 2004 | 15110411 |
| lead exposition by gunshot ingestion in red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa). | absorption of low concentrations of lead may result in a wide range of sublethal effects in birds. although waterfowl appear the most severely affected group for this heavy metal, leadpoisoning-mortality has been observed in a wide variety of bird species, ie raptors and upland game birds. in this present work, hepatic lead levels in different red-legged partridges are presented to indicate threshold values which could help in future toxicological studies when considering the lack of information ... | 2004 | 15171488 |
| use of radiotracking techniques to study a summer repopulation with red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa) chicks. | on a private property with a stable population of wild red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa) and an appropriate habitat for the survival of the species, reinforcement repopulations were carried out using 54 birds that were 2 to 3 mo old and reared on a commercial game farm. this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of repopulations, the behavior in the wild of released partridges, and the possible causes of success or failure of reinforcement population operations. the releases were carried ... | 2004 | 15206613 |
| spatial variation in helminth community structure in the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa l.): effects of definitive host density. | parasite community ecology has recently focused on understanding the forces structuring these communities. there are few surveys, however, designed to study the spatial repeatability and predictability of parasite communities at the local scale in one host. the purpose of our study was to address the relationship between infracommunity and component community richness, and to describe spatial variations on the local scale, of helminth parasite communities in an avian host, the red-legged partrid ... | 2004 | 15267117 |
| pathology and experimental prophylaxis of avian poxvirus in red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa). | 2004 | 15478503 | |
| plasma chemistry reference values from captive red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa). | 1. haematological and plasma biochemical parameters of 66 captive red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa) of both sexes were analysed in order to determine reference values, taking sex and age into account. 2. there were no statistically significant differences in haematocrit, plasma glucose content or creatine kinase activity either with age or between sexes. 3. plasma cholesterol concentrations showed differences between sexes, whereas the plasma concentrations of urea, uric acid and creatinine ... | 2004 | 15484735 |
| attaching and effacing escherichia coli o103:k+:h- in red-legged partridges. | 2004 | 15499813 | |
| the effects of fasting and refeeding on biochemical parameters in the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa). | every year, about three million farm-reared red-legged partridges are released in spain for hunting purposes, most of them for restocking where the success is very low. some factors such as the sudden shift from abundant commercial energy-rich diet to natural food and absence of experience at looking for natural food resources could cause a rapid physical deterioration, being more vulnerable to predation and disease. to determine fasting capacity in red-legged partridges, we fasted 32 birds duri ... | 2005 | 15664325 |
| introgression of chukar genes into a reintroduced red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa) population in central italy. | insight regarding the genetic origin and composition of the studied population of the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa) is likely to provide general and critical information for the appropriate management and possible conservation of the species. the reintroduced population of red-legged partridges living in pianosa island (national park tuscany archipelago) has proven to be sustainable: captive-bred individuals, morphologically assigned to the taxon a. rufa, were released to the island appr ... | 2005 | 15670128 |
| experimental toxoplasmosis in red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa) fed toxoplasma gondii oocysts. | thirty red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa), 5-month-old, were orally inoculated with oocysts of the ov-51/95 strain of toxoplasma gondii. birds were distributed into five groups and received, respectively, 10 (group a, 4 birds), 50 (group b, 14 birds), 10(2) (group c, 4 birds), 10(3) (group d, 4 birds) and 10(4) (group e, 4 birds) oocysts. one partridge from group b and one from group e died suddenly of acute toxoplasmosis at 7 day after inoculation (dai) with demonstrable t. gondii in severa ... | 2005 | 15893069 |
| interspecific variation in dietary carotenoid assimilation in birds: links to phylogeny and color ornamentation. | many birds use carotenoid pigments to acquire rich red, orange, and yellow coloration in feathers and bare parts that is used as a signal of mate quality. because carotenoids are derived from foods, much attention has been paid to the role of diet in generating color variation both within and among avian species. less consideration has been given to physiological underpinnings of color variability, especially among species. here, i surveyed published literature (e.g. captive feeding studies) on ... | 2005 | 16129640 |
| study of survival, dispersal and home range of autumn-released red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa). | 1. on a private property with a stable population of wild red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa) and an appropriate habitat for the survival of the species, reinforcement repopulations were carried out in the months of october and november for two consecutive years using 5- to 6-month-old birds reared on a commercial game farm. 2. of the 36 released birds, none was still alive by the following spring's breeding period. mean survival time was 9.4 d in the first year and 7.6 d in the second year. 3 ... | 2005 | 16268096 |
| incidence of lead shot ingestion in red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa) in great britain. | 2005 | 16299369 | |
| avoiding bias in parasite excretion estimates: the effect of sampling time and type of faeces. | the study of host-parasite relationships usually requires reliable estimates of parasite intensity, which is often estimated from parasite propagule concentration in faeces. however, parasite excretion in faeces may be subject to variation due to endogenous or exogenous factors that must be identified to obtain reliable results. we analysed the effect of the hour of sample collection on propagule counts of 2 intestinal parasites infecting the red-legged partridge: the capillarid nematode aonchot ... | 2006 | 16707034 |
| haematology and biochemistry in healthy young pheasants and red-legged partridges and effects of spironucleosis on these parameters. | plasma biochemical and haematological parameters were examined in 4-week-old to 12-week-old game birds. healthy, uninfected pheasants and partridges had similar levels of total protein, albumin, osmolality, na+, cl-, k+, mg2+ and glucose. triglyceride, globulin and ca2+ were significantly higher and po43- was lower in the partridges. pheasants carrying a light to moderate infection with spironucleus had significantly lower total protein, albumin, osmolality, na+, cl-, ca2+ and po43-. in severely ... | 2006 | 16854649 |
| testosterone increases bioavailability of carotenoids: insights into the honesty of sexual signaling. | androgens and carotenoids play a fundamental role in the expression of secondary sex traits in animals that communicate information on individual quality. in birds, androgens regulate song, aggression, and a variety of sexual ornaments and displays, whereas carotenoids are responsible for the red, yellow, and orange colors of the integument. parallel, but independent, research lines suggest that the evolutionary stability of each signaling system stems from tradeoffs with immune function: androg ... | 2006 | 17121984 |
| repeated sampling but not sampling hour affects plasma carotenoid levels. | carotenoid pigments have become a central subject of research on animal signaling systems during the past decade. thus, measurement of plasma carotenoid levels is widespread in the literature. many plasma biochemical parameters tend to vary with the hour of sampling, which may be an important source of sampling error. however, little is known about this kind of variation for circulating carotenoids. with a sampling protocol that allowed us to separately analyze the effect of sampling hour and re ... | 2007 | 17252521 |
| genetic insight into mediterranean chukar (alectoris chukar, galliformes) populations inferred from mitochondrial dna and rapd markers. | the chukar (alectoris chukar, galliformes) is one of the most important game birds as it is widely distributed and hunted over the whole of its range. the aim of this work was to assess the genetic differentiation as well as the possible presence of hybrid specimens in a. chukar populations from italy, greece and cyprus. to provide phylogenetic context, conspecific, allopatric specimens from israel, georgia, armenia, kazakhstan, afghanistan, pakistan, mongolia, china and usa were compared. seque ... | 2007 | 17286187 |
| how effective is pre-release nematode control in farm-reared red-legged partridges alectoris rufa? | game bird farming is associated with high parasite levels that reduce farm productivity, reduce survival after releasing, and may pose a health risk for natural populations. the efficacy of albendazole (orally, 20 mg kg(-1) was evaluated in farmed red-legged partridges naturally infected with the nematodes aonchotheca caudinflata and heterakis gallinarum. in treated birds body condition improved, nematode egg deposition was reduced and the proportion of gravid a. caudinflata females was reduced, ... | 2007 | 17381875 |
| introgression of alectoris chukar genes into a spanish wild alectoris rufa population. | in order to detect introgression of other alectoris genus species into wild populations of spanish alectoris rufa, we studied a sample of 93 red-legged partridges (supposed to be a. rufa) captured in the island of majorca. a set of 31 chukar partridges (alectoris chukar) from cyprus and 33 red-legged partridges (a. rufa) from one spanish farm were also studied to provide suitable populations for comparison. factorial correspondence analysis on microsatellite genotypes supported a clear distincti ... | 2007 | 17395601 |
| an automated method for the measurement of methaemoglobin in avian blood. | an automated method has been developed for the measurement of methaemoglobin (methb) in blood using a biochemistry analyser. the method was validated using blood collected from red-legged partridges exposed in vitro to increasing concentrations of nitrite in order to obtain different percentages of methb. results obtained using the original manual method and those using the new automated technique were compared and no significant differences were found. intra-day and inter-day variabilities (8.8 ... | 2008 | 17452116 |
| developmental stage affects eggshell-breaking strength in two ground-nesting birds: the partridge (alectoris rufa) and the quail (coturnix japonica). | we examined the relationship between embryo development and egg hardness in two ground nesting bird species, the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa; n = 165 eggs) and the quail (coturnix japonica; n = 148 eggs). for both species, we observed a strong effect of developmental stage on egg hardness. eggs near hatching were significantly weaker than unincubated eggs (partridge: 18 and 23 n, respectively, and the quail 7 and 10 n, respectively). we additionally explored the effect of incubation on ... | 2007 | 17600815 |
| an outbreak of disease associated with cryptosporidia on a red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa) game farm. | an outbreak of disease associated with cryptosporidia on a red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa) game farm is described. morbidity (diarrhoea and cough) was between 60% and 70% during the first weeks of life (4 to 25 days) and mortality was higher than 50%. the results of bacteriological and virological analyses were negative. histological examination and antigenic diagnosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis revealed the presence of cryptosporidium spp. in respiratory and intestinal tracts ... | 2007 | 17620172 |
| microsatellite markers for the analysis of genetic variability and relatedness in red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa) farms in spain. | the usefulness of several microsatellites in the management of alectoris rufa restocking farms is evaluated in the present report. we analysed seven microsatellite loci in 147 randomly chosen individuals from four spanish farms. global f(is) values were not significant. slight genetic differentiation was only found between farms 1 and 4. the global first and second parent exclusionary powers were 0.742 and 0.930, respectively. microsatellite analysis can estimate the genetic relatedness between ... | 2008 | 17884118 |
| detecting hybridization between wild species and their domesticated relatives. | the widespread occurrence of free-ranging domestic or feral carnivores (dogs, cats) or ungulates (pigs, goats), and massive releases of captive-reproduced game stocks (galliforms, waterfowl) is raising fear that introgressive hybridization with wild populations might disrupt local adaptations, leading to population decline and loss of biodiversity. detecting introgression through hybridization is problematic if the parental populations cannot be sampled (unlike in classical stable hybrid zones), ... | 2008 | 18173502 |
| carotenoid-based bill and eye ring coloration as honest signals of condition: an experimental test in the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa). | carotenoid pigments cannot be synthesized by vertebrates but must be ingested through the diet. as they seem to be a limited resource, carotenoid-based ornaments are particularly interesting as possible honest signals of individual quality, in particular of foraging efficiency and nutritional status. some studies have demonstrated the condition dependence of carotenoid-based plumage in birds. however, many other carotenoid-pigmented bare parts (i.e. skin, caruncles, bills, cere, and tarsi) are p ... | 2008 | 18470503 |
| pathogenicity of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma imitans in red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa). | groups of 3-day-oid red-legged partridges were infected intranasally either with the s6 strain of m. gallisepticum or with an m. imitans strain from a partridge with sinusitis. starting 6-8 days post-infection (p.i.) birds in both groups developed signs of depression, nasal exudation, tracheal rales, sneezing, gasping, head shaking, watery eyes and eye scratching. the most outstanding feature was bilateral swelling of the infraorbital sinuses. morbidity reached 100% in the m. gallisepticum infec ... | 1998 | 18484030 |
| cell-mediated immune activation rapidly decreases plasma carotenoids but does not affect oxidative stress in red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa). | in animals yellow-orange-red sexual traits pigmented by carotenoids have been suggested to act as signals of current health. because carotenoids have important physiological functions, individuals might trade-off allocating these pigments to self-maintenance versus coloration. carotenoids may act as scavengers of free radicals that are released during an immune response. here, we experimentally assessed whether a local cell-mediated immune response affects circulating carotenoids, antioxidant st ... | 2008 | 18552305 |
| multiple cutaneous capillary haemangioma in a red partridge (alectoris rufa). | a 6-year-old healthy decoy red partridge (alectoris rufa) developed rapidly growing multiple cutaneous nodules in the dorsal aspect of the neck. histologically, they were distinctly exophytic growths composed of variably-sized blood vessels often surrounded by solid masses of endothelial-like cells set in an oedematous stroma with abundant inflammatory cells. they were diagnosed as multiple cutaneous capillary haemangiomas. these tumours have been described in chickens in association with viral ... | 1993 | 18671047 |
| the oxidation handicap hypothesis and the carotenoid allocation trade-off. | the oxidation handicap hypothesis proposes that testosterone mediates the trade-off between the expression of secondary sexual traits and the fight against free radicals. coloured traits controlled by testosterone can be produced by carotenoid pigments (yellow-orange-red traits), but carotenoids also help to quench free radicals. recently, it has been shown that testosterone increases the amount of circulating carotenoids in birds. here, a testosterone-mediated trade-off in the carotenoid alloca ... | 2008 | 18713241 |
| isolation of mycoplasma synoviae from the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa). | following an outbreak of respiratory disease in a group of red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa) and chickens (gallus domesticus) housed in the same unit, a mycoplasma was isolated. its biochemical profile and the growth-inhibition test enabled it to be identified as mycoplasma synoviae. histopathological analysis revealed an intense inflammatory reaction in the respiratory tract, together with epithelial hyperplasia and lymphocyte infiltration. the rapid serum plate agglutination test, and the ... | 1986 | 18766582 |
| lead-shot exposure in red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa) on a driven shooting estate. | the goal of the study was to investigate the accumulation and spatial patterns of spent lead (pb) shot pellets and the prevalence of shot ingestion in red-legged partridge in a driven shooting estate. soil was collected using a regular sampling design perpendicular to three shooting lines. factors involved in shot spatial distribution were investigated by a causal structural equation model (sem). shot ingestion prevalence and liver and bone pb concentrations were studied in partridges hunted in ... | 2008 | 18767698 |
| learning ability of 1-d-old partridges (alectoris rufa) from eggs laid by hens fed with different n-3 fatty acid concentrations. | 1. the diets of commercial strains of laying partridge are usually lower in polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) and n-3 fatty acids than the diets of wild partridges. the aim of this experiment was to examine the effects of three different pufa and n-3 concentrations in partridge laying diets. 2. offspring learning ability (passive avoidance test of 1-d-old chicks) was used to assess the effect of three different maternal diets (144 chicks were tested for each diet). a negative experience, allowi ... | 2008 | 19093252 |
| anatomopathological aspects of avian aspergillosis. | aspergillosis is a fungal disease caused by fungi of the genus aspergillus, in particular a. fumigatus and a. flavus. this paper focuses on anatomopathological aspects resulting from a chronic infection from aspergillus spp in the chicken (gallus domesticus), in the herring gull (larus cachinnans micaelli) and in the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa rufa). microscopically, we observed some histological lesions that are related to the two typical forms of aspergillosis: a deep nodular form, t ... | 2009 | 19189225 |
| polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism authentication of raw meats from game birds. | polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis has been applied to the identification of meats from quail (coturnix coturnix), pheasant (phasianus colchicus), red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa), guinea fowl (numida meleagris), capercaillie (tetrao urogallus), eurasian woodcock (scolopax rusticola), woodpigeon (columba palumbus), and song thrush (turdus philomelos). pcr amplification was performed using a set of primers flanking a conserved region of app ... | 2008 | 19202803 |
| identification of raw and heat-processed meats from game bird species by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the mitochondrial d-loop region. | polymerase chain reaction-rflp analysis has been applied to the identification of meats from quail (coturnix coturnix), pheasant (phasianus colchicus), red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa), chukar partridge (alectoris chukar), guinea fowl (numida meleagris), capercaillie (tetrao urogallus), eurasian woodcock (scolopax rusticola), and woodpigeon (columba palumbus). polymerase chain reaction amplification was carried out using a set of primers flanking a conserved region of approximately 310 bp f ... | 2009 | 19211540 |
| testosterone-mediated trade-offs in the old age: a new approach to the immunocompetence handicap and carotenoid-based sexual signalling. | the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis proposes that testosterone mediates a trade-off between sexual signalling and immunocompetence in males. such a trade-off could favour the reliability of sexual signals on the basis that testosterone required for signal expression also promotes immunosuppression. however, the immunosuppressive activity of testosterone has not been convincingly demonstrated. we propose that the optimal solution to the testosterone-mediated trade-off should change with age, ... | 2009 | 19324780 |
| application of indicator kriging to the complementary use of bioindicators at three trophic levels. | the use of biological indicators is widespread in environmental monitoring, although it has long been recognised that each bioindicator is generally associated with a range of potential limitations and shortcomings. to circumvent this problem, this study adopted the complementary use of bioindicators representing different trophic levels and providing different type of information, in an innovative approach to integrate knowledge and to estimate the overall health state of ecosystems. the approa ... | 2009 | 19477568 |
| long-term changes in the prevalences of caecal nematodes and histomonosis in gamebirds in the uk and the interaction with poultry. | from 1912 to 2003, 12,056 grey and red-legged partridges and pheasants found dead in the uk were examined. the trends in their infection rates with heterakis species and histomonosis were strongly correlated among wild, pen-reared, young and adult partridges and young pen-reared pheasants but not adult pheasants. except among the adult pheasants, the prevalence of heterakis declined by 91 per cent to 100 per cent from 1952 to 1991. heterakis isolonche was found predominantly in pheasants but onl ... | 2009 | 19502627 |
| the expression of melanin-based plumage is separately modulated by exogenous oxidative stress and a melanocortin. | melanin-based traits involved in animal communication have been traditionally viewed as occurring under strict genetic control. however, it is generally accepted that both genetic and environmental factors influence melanin production. medical studies suggest that, among environmental factors influencing melanization, oxidative stress could play a relevant role. on the other hand, genetic control would be exerted by the melanocortin system, and particularly by the alpha-melanocyte-stimulating ho ... | 2009 | 19520801 |
| noninvasive genotyping of the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa, phasianidae): semi-nested pcr of mitochondrial dna from feces. | dna-based studies using avian feces are scarce and deal only with large-sized species. the red-legged partridge, alectoris rufa, is a medium-sized member of the order galliformes. our goal was to set up a fast, noninvasive procedure for mitochondrial dna (mtdna) genotyping of a. rufa fecal samples. we focused on the protected population from elba island (tuscan archipelago national park, italy). dry a. rufa fecal samples (n = 30) were collected in winter. both the cytochrome b gene (1,092 bp) an ... | 2009 | 19714459 |
| age and breeding effort as sources of individual variability in oxidative stress markers in a bird species. | oxidative stress is the imbalance between the production of pro-oxidant substances and the level of antioxidant defenses, which leads to oxidative damage. it has been proposed that senescence is the result of accumulated oxidative damage throughout life. in birds, the sources of individual variability in oxidative stress are still poorly understood. among these sources, age, as related to senescence, should be particularly relevant. furthermore, recent findings suggest that breeding effort may a ... | 2013 | 19922287 |
| nervous signs associated with otitis and cranial osteomyelitis and with ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection in red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa). | a case of nervous signs in red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa) associated with a severe otitis and osteomyelitis is reported. the outbreak was characterized by abnormal head position, torticollis and difficulty in standing, walking and flying. pathological, microbiological and molecular genetic data supported an association with ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ort) infection. clinical signs persisted for several days and were accompanied by weight loss leading to death. morbidity was approxi ... | 2009 | 19937521 |
| influence of the breeding system on the escape response of red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa). | this study aimed to determine the influence of the breeding system on the escape response of red-legged partridges comparing 147 free-born partridges captured in the wild (w) and 164 partridges from a commercial hunting farm with an intensive production system (f). all birds were individually released to the natural environment using wooden cages; the escape response was recorded with a high resolution video camera and 4 behavior parameters were analyzed: reaction time or latency, escape type, a ... | 2010 | 20008796 |
| effect of long-term storage on the hatchability of red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa) eggs. | the effect of 0-, 7-, 14-, 21-, 28-, and 35-d storage periods on hatchability and weight loss during storage and incubation of red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa) eggs stored at 15 degrees c and 80% rh was studied. there was a significant effect of storage period on egg weight loss during storage (p<0.001), a significant increase occurring in weight loss for each additional week the eggs were stored, and this weight loss amounted to more than 3% for the eggs stored for 35 d. storage period aff ... | 2010 | 20075294 |
| sub-chronic effects of nitrate in drinking water on red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa): oxidative stress and t-cell mediated immune function. | in order to evaluate the effects of nitrates on birds, we have exposed captive red-legged partridges to nitrates concentrations of 0 (control), 100 (dwell water in farming areas) or 500 mg/l (fertirrigation level). the cellular immune response, plasma biochemistry, methemoglobin concentration (methb), and oxidative stress biomarkers in blood and tissues were studied after two weeks of exposure. several blood parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine phosphokinase and lactate dehy ... | 2010 | 20382380 |
| carotenoid-based coloration predicts resistance to oxidative damage during immune challenge. | many animal ornaments may have evolved as signals advertising the quality of the bearer. the honesty of the information content of these signals would rely on the costs associated with their expression, these being relatively greater for low-quality than for high-quality individuals. given the physiological functions of carotenoids, carotenoid-based ornaments could indicate individual immunocompetence, and possibly the ability to mount an immune response at a lower cost. we evaluated whether the ... | 2010 | 20435819 |
| serologic testing for avian influenza viruses in wild birds: comparison of two commercial competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. | serologic testing of wild birds for avian influenza virus (aiv) surveillance poses problems due to species differences and nonspecific inhibitors that may be present in sera of wild birds. recently available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) kits offer a new species-independent approach. in this study we compare two commercial competitive celisas, using a total of 184 serum and plasma samples from 23 species of wild birds belonging to 10 orders. thirteen samples were from ex ... | 2010 | 20521723 |
| grass as an oesophageal foreign body in red-legged partridges. | 2010 | 20665969 | |
| hematologic and plasma biochemical reference values in indian peafowl (pavo cristatus). | blood samples were collected from captive, adult, clinically normal indian peafowl (pavo cristatus) for hematologic and plasma biochemical analyses. hematologic parameters investigated were total red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, fibrinogen, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, total white blood cell count, differential white blood cell count, and thrombocyte count. plasma biochemical parameters investigated were alanine aminotransferase ... | 2010 | 20806654 |
| age affects the laying performance and egg hatchability of red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa) in captivity. | red-legged partridge breeders are frequently reared in captivity with the aim of producing fertile eggs and chicks. however, little is known regarding the role of breeder age on fertility and egg production performance. therefore, we investigated the effects of breeder age on egg size and shape, flock reproductive performance, fertility, hatchability, and embryonic mortality. in experiment 1, the effects of breeders' age on fertility, hatchability of eggs, and embryo mortality were evaluated. we ... | 2010 | 20952714 |
| mitochondrial and nuclear markers for the authentication of partridge meat and the specific identification of red-legged partridge meat products by polymerase chain reaction. | two pcr assays for the identification of partridge meat (red-legged partridge, chukar partridge, barbary partridge, and gray partridge species) and the specific identification of red-legged partridge meat products were developed based on species-specific primers targeting the 12s ribosomal rna mitochondrial gene. moreover, various pcr techniques based on the use of random amplified polymorphic dna markers and nuclear growth hormone and rhodopsin genes were tested to find a method for the differe ... | 2011 | 21177462 |
| virulence factors in enterococci from partridges (alectoris rufa) representing a food safety problem. | forty-three enterococcus isolates recovered from fecal samples of partridges, during the partridge hunting season, were studied for gelatinase and β-hemolysis activities. the presence of fsr-gele genes and the cyl operon was studied by polymerase chain reaction and correlated with gelatinase and β-hemolysis production, respectively. in addition, genes encoding additional virulence factors (cpd, hyl, agg, esp, and ace) was also analyzed in all enterococci. most of our enterococcus faecalis isolat ... | 2011 | 21214387 |
| identification of carotenoid pigments and their fatty acid esters in an avian integument combining hplc-dad and lc-ms analyses. | yellow-orange-red ornaments present in the integuments (feathers, bare parts) of birds are often produced by carotenoid pigments and may serve to signal the quality of the bearer. although carotenoid esterification in tissues is a common phenomenon, most of the work on avian carotenoids has been focused on the identification of free forms or have been done after sample saponification. here we determined free and esterified carotenoid composition in a bird species with red ornaments: the red-legg ... | 2011 | 21239236 |
| bioaccessibility of pb from ammunition in game meat is affected by cooking treatment. | the presence of lead (pb) ammunition residues in game meat has been widely documented, yet little information exists regarding the bioaccessibility of this pb contamination. we study how cooking treatment (recipe) can affect pb bioaccessibility in meat of animals hunted with pb ammunition. | 2011 | 21264290 |
| pathogenesis and transmissibility of highly (h7n1) and low (h7n9) pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa). | abstract: an experimental infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) and low pathogenic avian influenza virus (lpaiv) was carried out in red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa) in order to study clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions, and viral distribution in tissues and viral shedding. birds were infected with a hpaiv subtype h7n1 (a/chicken/italy/5093/1999) and a lpaiv subtype h7n9 (a/anas crecca/spain/1460/2008). uninoculated birds were included as contacts in both ... | 2011 | 21314907 |
| pathogenicity of two recent western mediterranean west nile virus isolates in a wild bird species indigenous to southern europe: the red-legged partridge. | abstract: west nile virus (wnv) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen whose geographic spread and incidence in humans, horses and birds has increased significantly in recent years. wnv has long been considered a mild pathogen causing self-limiting outbreaks. this notion has changed as wnv is causing large epidemics with a high impact on human and animal health. this has been particularly noteworthy since its introduction into north america in 1999. there, native bird species have been shown to be hig ... | 2011 | 21314967 |
| sequenced rapd markers to detect hybridization in the barbary partridge (alectoris barbara, phasianidae). | in the alectoris partridges (phasianidae), hybridization occurs occasionally as a result of the natural breakdown of isolating mechanisms but more frequently as a result of human activity. no genetic record of hybridization is known for the barbary partridge (a. barbara). this species is distributed mostly in north africa and, in europe, on the island of sardinia (italy) and on gibraltar. the risk of hybridization between barbary and red-legged partridge (a. rufa: iberian peninsula, france, ital ... | 2011 | 21429120 |
| isolation from predators: a key factor in the failed release of farmed red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa) to the wild? | 1. the effects of predation isolation were studied in two lines of 10 month-old farmed red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa). birds came from bred generations in captivity (f) and directly from wild parents (w). 2. releases were carried out in march for two consecutive years on private farmland with a stable population of wild red-legged partridge using 68 tagged birds (36 f, 32 w). 3. no statistical differences were found in survival time (mean 18 d) or home range values (mean 7·38 ha); 49% of ... | 2011 | 21491237 |
| outbreak of tuberculosis in farmed red-legged partridges due to mycobacterium avium subspecies avium. | 2011 | 21498200 | |
| concurrent pulmonary adenocarcinoma and silicate pneumoconiosis in a red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa). | an adult red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa) presented with concurrent pulmonary carcinoma and severe silicosis. the animal was submitted to the veterinary teaching hospital of the university of córdoba (spain) because of respiratory signs, and it died during clinical examination. at postmortem examination, numerous firm, whitish to yellowish nodules involving the lungs, mainly the right lobe, were found. the histopathologic study revealed numerous peribronchiolar large granulomatous lesions c ... | 2011 | 21500649 |
| phylogeography and genetic structure of the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa): more evidence for refugia within the iberian glacial refugium. | the pleistocene climatic oscillations promoted the diversification in avian species during the last glacial period. the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa, family phasianidae) has a large natural distribution extending from the mediterranean to humid temperate zones. however, the genetic structure for this species is unknown. the present study investigates the phylogeography, genetic structure and demographic history of a. rufa across its distribution, employing both mitochondrial dna control ... | 2011 | 21535277 |
| free radical exposure creates paler carotenoid-based ornaments: a possible interaction in the expression of black and red traits. | oxidative stress could be a key selective force shaping the expression of colored traits produced by the primary animal pigments in integuments: carotenoids and melanins. however, the impact of oxidative stress on melanic ornaments has only recently been explored, whereas its role in the expression of carotenoid-based traits is not fully understood. an interesting study case is that of those animal species simultaneously expressing both kinds of ornaments, such as the red-legged partridge (alect ... | 2011 | 21556328 |
| new single nucleotide polymorphisms in alectoris identified using chicken genome information allow alectoris introgression detection. | using the chicken genome, 114 polymorphisms (109 snps and 5 indels) were identified in the alectoris genus by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism. using these, a panel of snps is described, which allows easy detection of introgression of alectoris chukar in wild alectoris rufa populations, when used with a primer extension protocol. the selected polymorphisms were genotyped and their allelic frequencies estimated on 98 a. rufa partridges sampled from nonrestocking s ... | 2010 | 21565012 |
| mycotic keratoconjunctivitis in 12-day-old red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa). | 2011 | 21622598 | |
| exposure of birds to cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides following a forest application for tick control. | a mixture of malathion (4%), carbaryl (2%) and cypermethrin (4%) was applied as dry powder to forest and grasslands at a rate of 5kg/ha for tick control in 1500ha of a deer hunting estate in the south of spain. the effect on plasma cholinesterase (che) of house sparrow and nightingale, and brain che of red-legged partridge was studied. plasma che was lower after the treatment in passerine birds, but brain ache was not affected in partridges. the body condition of house sparrows was significantly ... | 2007 | 21783779 |
| laying the foundations for a human-predator conflict solution: assessing the impact of bonelli's eagle on rabbits and partridges. | predation may potentially lead to negative effects on both prey (directly via predators) and predators (indirectly via human persecution). predation pressure studies are, therefore, of major interest in the fields of theoretical knowledge and conservation of prey or predator species, with wide ramifications and profound implications in human-wildlife conflicts. however, detailed works on this issue in highly valuable -in conservation terms- mediterranean ecosystems are virtually absent. this pap ... | 2011 | 21818399 |