Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| plasma lipid concentrations for some brazilian lizards. | 1. plasma concentrations of cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, phospholipids and triglycerides were determined for ten species of brazilian lizards, iguana iguana, tropidurus torquatos and t. semitaeniatus (iguanidae), tupinambis teguixin, ameiva ameiva and cnemidophorus ocellifer (teiidae), mabuya maculata (scincidae), hemidactylus mabouia (gekkonidae), amphisbaenia vermicularis and leposternon polystegum (amphisbaenidae). 2. considerable inter- and intra-species variations in plasma lipid concen ... | 1979 | 318307 |
| tazonomy of toxoplasma. | after reviewing reports of the hosts, structure and life cycle of toxoplasma, the genus is placed in the apicomplexan family eimeriidae and the folllowing 7 species are recognized: toxoplasma gondii (nicolle & manceaux) (type species) from about 200 species of mammals and birds, with oocysts in felids; toxoplasma alencari (da costa & pereira) from the frog leptodactylus ocellatus; toxoplasma brumpti coutelen from the iguana iguana tuberculata; toxoplasma colubri tibaldi from the snakes coluber m ... | 1977 | 325203 |
| a second class of neurons within the retinas of the parietal eyes of anolis carolinensis and iguana iguana. | 1979 | 435984 | |
| the fine structure of the parietal retinas of anolis carolinensis and iguana iguana. | an electron microscopic examination of the parietal retinas of anolis carolinensis and iguana iguana demonstrated within each retina (1) two distinct populations of neurons, (2) two populations of glia, and (3) a population of photoreceptors which could not be subdivided. a small population of very electron-dense cells, in many respects similar to photoreceptors, was also found in the iguana. correspondingly dark processes were found in the plexiform layer of each retina. parietal photoreceptors ... | 1979 | 476797 |
| a taxonomic revision of small neotropical saurian malarias allied to plasmodium minasense. | saurian malaria species which produce schizonts smaller than normal erythrocyte nuclei, with 4-8 merozoietes and gametocytes equal to or smaller than erythrocyte nuclei in size, parasitizing hosts of the lizard families scincidae, iguanidae and teiidae in the neotropics are considered to be plasmodium minasense carini and rudolph, 1912. subspecific designations are given to distinctive populations parasitizing different host species: p. minasense minasense is recognized from the type host, mabuy ... | 1979 | 533109 |
| the organization of central auditory pathways in a reptile, iguana iguana. | the present experiments were designed to trace the central auditory pathways in an extant reptile, the new worlkd lizard--iguana iguana, utilizing anterograde axonal degeneration stained by the fink-heimer ('67) method and the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (lavail and lavail, '74). beginning with the projections of the auditory portion of the viiith nerve, the ascending pathways were traced through successive relay nuclei to the telencephalon. the auditory portion of the ... | 1978 | 632382 |
| behavior and electrical brain stimulation in the green iguana, iguana iguana l. ii. stimulation effects. | behavioral responses were electrically elicited in the brains of 21 green iguanas. at 518 stimulation sites, a limited number of behaviors could be reliably elicited. except for some motor responses which had a forced appearance, they corresponded to the basic activity of green iguanas, exploratory behavior, display, defensive and escape-related behavior. head-nodding displays were reliably elicited post stimulation when imminent escape was prevented experimentally but rarely during stimulation. ... | 1978 | 648603 |
| behavior and electrical brain stimulation in the green iguana, iguana iguana l. i. schematic brain atlas and stimulation device. | 1976 | 797429 | |
| nutritional osteodystrophy in captive green iguanas (iguana iguana). | captive lizards fed a variety of vegetarian and carnivorous diets frequently develop severe nutritional osteodystrophy. five hatchling iguanas which were captive for 5 months and fed a diet low in calcium and phosphorus developed clinical signs and lesions typical of nutritional osteodystrophy in captive lizards. they had tetany with severe osteoporosis, pathologic fractures, and cartilaginous diaphyseal enlargements of long bones which either were associated with fractures or with intact bones. ... | 1976 | 823702 |
| cellular and extracellular dehydration, and angiotensin as stimuli to drinking in the common iguana iguana iguana. | 1. after water deprivation, the iguana promptly drank slightly more than enough water to restore the body fluids to isotonicity even under conditions of hypervolaemia. 2. in response to systemic injections of hypertonic solutions of nacl and sucrose, the iguana drank and retained enough water to dilute the injected load to isotonicity irrespective of whether water was offered immediately or after 3 hr, and irrespective of whether the solute was administered i.v. or i.p. 3. hypertonic solutions t ... | 1977 | 850202 |
| nucleotide sequence of 5 s ribosomal ribonucleic acid of iguana iguana. | cell cultures of the reptile iguana iguana have been labeled with 32po4(3-) and the resulting radioactive 5 s rrna isolated. enzymatic digests of the radioactive rna were fractionated by standard procedures, and the products of the digestions sequenced. from the sequences of the oligonucleotides produced by enzymatic digestion of the iguana 5 s rrna it is possible to propose a primary sequence for this rna which differs in only two positions (2 and 25) from the sequence known for mammalian 5 s r ... | 1976 | 977575 |
| circulating androgen and estrogen concentrations in lizards (iguana iguana). | 1976 | 992358 | |
| the connections and laminar organization ofthe optic tectum in a reptile (lguana iguana). | the goals of this study were: (1) to describe the total pattern of projections from the optic tectum of iguana iguana and pseudemys scripta; and (2) to describe the contributions of particular lamina of the iguana's optic tectum to this total pattern. lesions were made in the optic tectum of the iguana which damaged either all or only certain tectal laminae and, for comparison with the iguana, lesions in the turtle's optic tectum were made which involved all laminae. the anterograde degeneration ... | 1975 | 1176645 |
| oral food processing in two herbivorous lizards, iguana iguana (iguanidae) and uromastix aegyptius (agamidae). | the anatomy and function of the feeding apparatus in iguana iguana and uromastix aegyptius were studied by dissection, cinematic and cineradiographic techniques. the feeding behavior of these species differs from that of insectivorous lizards in the cropping action involves movement of both the upper jaw around the atlantooccipital joint and the lower jaw around the mandibular joint; and in uromastix only, streptostylic movement of the quadrate. often movements of the whole head play a supplemen ... | 1976 | 1255734 |
| ultrastructure of an iguana fast twitch denervated muscle. | this ultrastructural study was undertaken to investigate the morphological changes which occur in the fast twitch gastrocnemius muscle of the reptile iguana iguana after nerve section. it was found that initial degenerative alterations appeared in muscle fibers two weeks after denervation and progressed along the two months of the investigative period. they consisted of disorganization of contractile and sarcotubular elements and the appearance of autophagic vacuoles with mitochondrial debris. h ... | 1992 | 1343737 |
| seasonal productivity of lizard femoral glands: relationship to social dominance and androgen levels. | social and hormonal correlates of femoral gland productivity were investigated in groups of adult and juvenile green iguanas (iguana iguana) over 12 months. femoral gland productivity, pore size, and the percentage of lipids in the secretions were correlated with plasma testosterone (t) levels in dominant, although not in subordinate, adult males. secretory activity peaked during the breeding months, at which time dominants produced more secretion than subordinates. pore size in juvenile males w ... | 2006 | 1594671 |
| an anatomical investigation of the muscles of the pelvic outlet in iguanas (iguanidae iguana iguana) and varanus (varanidae varanus (dumerillii)) with special reference to their nerve supply. | five pelvic halves from three male iguanas (iguanidae iguana iguana) and two pelvic halves from one male varanus (varanidae varanus (dumerillii)), were dissected in order to obtain detailed data on the relationship of the lumbosacral plexus and the muscles of the pelvic outlet. according to the positions of the passage of the metazonal nerves, the nerves can be divided into three groups: 1) the nerves passing dorsal to the caudofemoralis muscle, 2) the nerves passing between the caudofemoralis a ... | 1992 | 1616132 |
| iguana iguana: a model species for studying the ontogeny of behavior/hormone interactions. | several features of the green iguana, iguana iguana, make this species an excellent subject for biological research, especially with respect to collecting comparative data on behavior/hormone interactions. this species thrives on captivity, and behavioral interactions appear substantially similar to those observed in natural populations, given effective captive environments. because hatchlings do not necessarily associate with adult conspecifics in wild populations, behavioral patterns exhibited ... | 2007 | 1974785 |
| activity of the hypaxial muscles during walking in the lizard iguana iguana. | the role that the hypaxial muscles play in locomotion has been largely ignored by biologists. in tetrapods, there are at least three possibilities. first, the hypaxial muscles might bend the trunk laterally to increase stride length. second, they might stabilize the trunk against the horizontal, lateral and vertical components of the propulsive force. alternatively, they might not be involved in locomotion. this study evaluated these three hypotheses by analyzing the activity of the hypaxial mus ... | 1990 | 2146360 |
| ventilatory action of the hypaxial muscles of the lizard iguana iguana: a function of slow muscle. | patterns of muscle activity during lung ventilation, patterns of innervation and some contractile properties were measured in the hypaxial muscles of green iguanas. electromyography shows that only four hypaxial muscles are involved in breathing. expiration is produced by two deep hypaxial muscles, the transversalis and the retrahentes costarum. inspiration is produced by the external and internal intercostal muscles. although the two intercostal muscles are the main agonists of inspiration, nei ... | 1989 | 2732666 |
| hemoglobins of reptiles. the primary structures of the alpha i- and beta i-chains of common iguana (iguana iguana) hemoglobin. | the primary structures of alpha i- and beta i-chains from the hemoglobins of the common iguana (iguana iguana) are presented. the globin chains were separated on cm-cellulose in 8 m urea buffer. the amino-acid sequences were established by automatic edman degradation of the native chains, the tryptic peptides and a peptide obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage. the sequences are compared with human hemoglobin. amino-acid replacements at positions critical for structure and function of the hemogl ... | 1988 | 3242545 |
| [effects of environmental hypoxia on various hemodynamic, acid-base and electrolytic constants of iguana iguana (l., 1758)]. | 1987 | 3505150 | |
| exogenous gnrh overrides the endogenous annual reproductive rhythm in green iguanas, iguana iguana. | female green iguanas, iguana iguana, were caught in belize, central america (17 degrees n), in december, at the onset of seasonal gonadal activity. the animals were immediately transferred to san diego (32 degrees n). ovarian follicular development continued, with peak plasma hormone levels measured in january and february; 200 pg/ml for progesterone (p) and 800 pg/ml for total estrogens (et = estradiol [e2] + estrone [e1]). e2 was the predominant estrogen throughout the cycle. follicular atroph ... | 1987 | 3549969 |
| lung ventilation during walking and running in four species of lizards. | the relationship between locomotion and aspiration breathing was investigated in the lizards iguana iguana, ctenosaura similis, varanus exanthematicus and varanus salvator, and the quail coturnix coturnix. respiratory air-flow during walking and running on a 7.3 m track or on a treadmill was measured with a bidirectional flow meter attached to one nostril. in all four species of lizards, lung ventilation drops markedly during locomotion. tidal volume decreases as speed increases, often by more t ... | 1987 | 3666097 |
| disease patterns in the detroit zoo: a study of reptilian and amphibian populations from 1973 through 1983. | a retrospective study was conducted to determine disease patterns in reptilian and amphibian populations at the detroit zoo from 1973 through 1983. in the reptilian population (mean +/- sd = 285.2 +/- 28), overall annual mortality rates were 1% to 40%. mortality rates were highest in the fall months (20%) and lowest in the winter months (6%). the most frequently affected reptiles were iguana (iguana iguana), reticulated python (python reticulatus), rattlesnakes (crotalus spp), common boa (constr ... | 1985 | 3878352 |
| determination of calcitonin in reptilian serum by heterologous radioimmunoassay. | a heterologous radioimmunoassay for reptilian calcitonin using a commercially available kit for human calcitonin was used to determine circulating levels and brain levels of calcitonin in the green iguana, iguana iguana. cross-reactivity between anti-human calcitonin antibodies and iguana plasma was demonstrated. removal of reptilian calcitonin from the plasma with affinity chromatography eliminated the cross-reactivity. assays on blood samples indicated normal circulating levels of calcitonin t ... | 1986 | 3940923 |
| the effect of temperature on ventilation in the green iguana (iguana iguana). | 1973 | 4145707 | |
| thermal patterns in the heating and cooling of iguana iguana and ctenosaura hemilopha. | 1973 | 4146630 | |
| iguana virus, a herpes-like virus isolated from cultured cells of a lizard, iguana iguana. | an agent cytopathic for terrapene and iguana cell cultures was isolated from spontaneously degenerating cell cultures prepared from a green iguana (iguana iguana). the agent, designated iguana virus, caused a cytopathic effect (cpe) of a giant cell type, with eosinophilic inclusions commonly observed within giant cell nuclei. incubation temperature had a marked effect on cpe and on virus release from infected cells. within the range of 23 to 36 c, low temperatures favored cpe characterized by cy ... | 1972 | 4344303 |
| electron microscopy observations on a new herpes-type virus isolated from iguana iguana and propagated in reptilian cells in vitro. | ultrastructural observations on a new viral isolate, designated iguana virus, indicate that it is consistently present in intranuclear inclusions, possesses a +/- 115-nm nucleocapsid, ranges from 165 to 300 nm in diameter in the enveloped form, and exhibits cubic symmetry (probably 162 capsomeres). it is concluded that it is a herpes-type virus, the morphological evidence being in agreement with and supporting the biological and physical characteristics presented by clark and karzon. several fin ... | 1972 | 4344304 |
| reptilian neurohypophyseal hormones: the active peptides of a saurian, iguana iguana. | 1972 | 4635466 | |
| [pupillary light reflexes in the green iguana (iguana iguana)]. | 1972 | 4679370 | |
| architectonic studies of the diencephalon of iguana iguana (linnaeus). | 1973 | 4715300 | |
| surgical repair of a herniated lung in a common iguana. | 1973 | 4742094 | |
| sleep and wakefulness in iguanid lizards, ctenosaura pectinata and iguana iguana. | 1973 | 4802023 | |
| the pathogenicity for mice of two species of salmonella isolated from the green iguana (iguana iguana). | 1970 | 4916230 | |
| [light and electron microscopic studies of the islets of langerhans in the green iguana (iguana iguana)]. | 1970 | 4922315 | |
| [e. coli serotype 078:k80 (b):h--in a green iguana (iguana iguana l.)]. | 1971 | 4935883 | |
| ascending tectal efferent projections in the lizard iguana iguana. | 1971 | 5135558 | |
| electroanesthesia of green iguanas (iguana iguana). | 1969 | 5388159 | |
| disturbance of bone formation in the common iguana (iguana iguana l): pathology and etiology. | 1969 | 5407697 | |
| arteriosclerosis in an iguana (iguana iguana). | 1970 | 5465565 | |
| the "paranuclear corpuscles" in poikilothermic vertebrates: description of a new species of pirhemocyton in iguana iguana of venezuela, with remarks on the nature of these organisms and their relation to allied parasites. | 1971 | 5561065 | |
| conversion of 7-alpha,12-alpha-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one to 5-alpha-cholestane-3-alpha, 7-alpha,12-alpha-triol by iguana liver microsomes. | the role of 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one as an intermediate in the formation of 5alpha-bile acids from cholesterol was investigated with liver preparations of iguana iguana in vitro. the microsomal fraction of iguana liver catalyzed the transformation of 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one to 5alpha-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol in good yield. 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-cholestan-3-one served as an intermediate. under the conditions employed, formation of the c ... | 1968 | 5640503 |
| oxygen transport by the circulatory system of the green iguana (iguana iguana) at different body temperatures. | 1966 | 5922740 | |
| [generalized amoebiasis without intestinal symptoms in an iguana (iguana iguana) (reptilia, iguanidae), caused by entamoeba invadens (protozoa, amoebozoa)]. | 1966 | 6011419 | |
| arthitectonic studies of the telencephalon of iguana iguana. | 1967 | 6035667 | |
| the somatic chromosomes of 3 lizard species: gekko gecko, iguana iguana, and crotaphytus collaris. | 1967 | 6062904 | |
| lysine derived cross-links are present in a non-elastin, proline-rich protein fraction of iguana iguana eggshell. | 1. eggshell of iguana iguana contains a variety of lysine-derived cross-linking amino acids apparently identical with some that occur in elastin. 2. quantification of desmosine by amino acid analysis and radioimmunoassay gave estimates of 217 ng per mg and 109 ng per mg (dry weights), respectively. 3. [3h]nabh4 reduction of eggshell protein established presence of lysine-derived aldehydes, allysine and allysine-aldol. 4. enzymatic and chemical treatments indicate these cross-links occur in a non ... | 1982 | 6181935 |
| telencephalic connections in lizards. i. projections to cortex. | the afferent connections to five cortical regions in two distantly related species of lizards (gekko gecko and iguana iguana) were studied by means of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin. each of the five cortical regions is characterized by a specific pattern of projections from telencephalic, thalamic, hypothalamic, and brainstem regions. subdivisions within the five cortical regions also receive different patterns of projections. the thalamo-cort ... | 1984 | 6209313 |
| telencephalic connections in lizards. ii. projections to anterior dorsal ventricular ridge. | three distinct cytoarchitectonic regions were identified within the anterior dorsal ventricular ridge (advr) of two species of lizards, gekko gecko and iguana iguana. these regions have been named according to their general topographical positions: medial area, caudolateral area, and rostrolateral area. injections of horseradish peroxidase throughout the advr demonstrated that each of the three areas of the advr receives projections from specific thalamic nuclei which are associated with specifi ... | 1984 | 6209314 |
| nucleus laminaris of the torus semicircularis: projection to spinal cord in reptiles. | neurons in nucleus laminaris of the torus semicircularis were retrogradely labeled following application of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) to the cervical spinal cord in two lizards (gekko gecko and iguana iguana) and a turtle (pseudemys scripta). different patterns of cell labeling were seen among the species studied and may be related to the distinctive differences in head and body movements seen in these animals during defensive, aggressive and social behaviors. | 1981 | 6270598 |
| ventilation and acid-base balance during graded activity in lizards. | arterial pco2, hydrogen ion ([h+]a), and lactate ([l]a) concentrations, rates of metabolic co2 production (vco2) and o2 consumption (vo2), and effective alveolar ventilation (veff) were determined in the lizards varanus exanthematicus and iguana iguana at rest and during steady-state treadmill exercise at 35 degrees c. in varanus, vco2 increased ninefold and vo2 sixfold without detectable rise in [l]a at running speeds below 1.0 to 1.5 km x h-1. in this range, veff increased 12-fold resulting in ... | 1981 | 6779642 |
| receptive-field properties in reptilian optic tectum: some comparisons with mammals. | the receptive-field properties of single cells in the optic tectum of iguana iguana were studied using the same procedures as have been used in this laboratory in studying its mammalian homologue, the superior colliculus. surprisingly, despite some species-specific characteristics, the range of physiological properties of tectal and superior collicular cells appeared to be strikingly similar. this observation is not consistent with the notion that functional differences between these structures ... | 1983 | 6875641 |
| morphogenesis of the nasal capsule, the epithelial nasal tube and the organ of jacobson in sauropsida. vi. morphogenesis of the nasal apparatus in iguana iguana shaw and morphological interpretation of the individual structures. | 1982 | 7084836 | |
| acid-base imbalance in lizards during activity and recovery. | 1. the effects of treadmill exercise on oxygen consumption (v02), carbon dioxide production (vco2), arterial blood lactate concentration ([l-]a), arterial blood ph and arterial gas tensions (pao2 and paco2) were measured in 3 species of lizards (varanus salvator, v. exanthematicus, iguana iguana) 2. varanus salvator was exercised 45 min at an intensity which required 85% of its vo2 max. v. salvator utilized supplementary anaerobic metabolism during the first 10 min of this sustainable exercise, ... | 1982 | 7108439 |
| a hypocalcemic response to synthetic salmon calcitonin in the green iguana, iguana iguana. | 1981 | 7262533 | |
| pulmonary oxygen transport during activity in lizards. | oxygen consumption (mo2), effective alveolar ventilation (veff), arterial and alveolar po2 (pao2, pao2) and the alveolar-arterial po2 difference [(a--a)po2] were determined in the lizards varanus exanthematicus and iguana iguana at rest and during treadmill exercise at 35 degrees c. in both species, veff increased more rapidly than mo2 giving rise to an increased pao2. in contrast, pao2 remained unchanged through the highest levels of mo2 attained. as a result, the (a--a)po2 increased with incre ... | 1981 | 7280383 |
| sensory representation in reptilian optic tectum: some comparisons with mammals. | the sensory representations in the tectum of iguana iguana were studied with electrophysiological recording techniques, and visual, somatic, and auditory cells were found to be represented here. these cells were not equally distributed throughout the tectal laminae. upper tectal laminae were populated exclusively by visual cells, and deeper laminae were primarily nonvisual. the intermediate laminae had nonvisual, as well as visual, cells. maps of the visual and somatic representations were const ... | 1981 | 7287940 |
| scanning electron microscope studies of the auditory papillae of some iguanid lizards. | the papillae basilares of 16 species (10 general) of iguanid lizards were studied by scanning electron microscopy. variations in the surface structures of the auditory papillae showed the following major differences: 1)papillae with localization of the unidirectional hair cells at the apical end of the papilla (anolis carolinensis); 2)papillae with absence or loss of a portion of the apical bidirectional hair-cell segment (basiliscus basiliscus); 3)papillae with a central, short ciliated, unidir ... | 1981 | 7304475 |
| some corrections of coccidian (apicomplexa: protozoa) nomenclature. | the following nomenclatural corrections and changes are introduced for the coccidia. new species: cryptosporidium rhesi from the rhesus monkey macaca mulatta; cryptosporidium serpentis from the snakes elaphe guttata, elapha subocularis, crotalus horridus, and sanzinia madagascarensis; eimeria perazae from the lizard cnemidophorus l. lemniscatus; and eimeria tarichae from the salamander taricha toirosa. new combinations: orcheobius carinii for cariniella carinii from the frog leptodactylus ocella ... | 1980 | 7463253 |
| circadian rhythm of body temperature in an ectotherm (iguana iguana). | ectothermic animals regulate their body temperatures primarily by behavioral adjustment in relation to the thermal characteristics of the environment. several studies have shown that some vertebrate ectotherms may show a daily pattern of body temperature selection when given a choice of environmental temperature. the pattern of body temperature selection free-runs when the animals are kept in constant darkness, demonstrating the existence of circadian regulation. to test whether there might also ... | 1995 | 7488762 |
| conservation of functionally important epitopes on myelin associated glycoprotein (mag). | phylogenetic conservation of protein domains often points to functionally important regions. as a step toward mapping these sites on myelin associated glycoprotein (mag) we have determined the species distribution of epitopes recognized by a panel of anti-mag antibodies (ab). monoclonal antibodies (mab) b11f7, gens3 and 28 recognized mag only in mammalian species. however, the mab 513 which inhibits mag binding recognized a conformational epitope in a wider distribution of species including, hum ... | 1995 | 7584863 |
| calcitonin gene-related peptide relaxes cholecystokinin-induced tension in iguana iguana gallbladder strips. | the presence of a calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp)-like material was demonstrated in the iguana, iguana iguana, gallbladder using immunocytochemistry. an intense reaction was observed in nerves located in the smooth muscle layers and associated blood vessels but no immunoreactive cell bodies were found. in vitro tension studies using gallbladder strips showed that chicken cgrp was more potent in relaxing cholecystokinin-induced tension than either human or rat cgrp. the use of glibenclamid ... | 1994 | 7821775 |
| growth of juvenile green iguanas (iguana iguana) fed four diets. | wild green iguanas consume a primarily folivorous diet. as pets in captivity, they suffer high mortality and malnutrition. nutrient requirements are not established. the purpose of this study was to compare growth in juvenile iguanas fed three commercial diets and a romaine-based diet. twelve nominally 4-wk-old iguanas were fed in a latin square design each of four diets for 8 wk, consisting of a 2-wk accommodation period and a 6-wk collection period. diets were analyzed at the beginning and end ... | 1994 | 7996255 |
| effects of chemical and visual exposure to adults on growth, hormones, and behavior of juvenile green iguanas. | for 1 year, groups of juvenile male green iguanas (iguana iguana) were housed such that one group was visually exposed to an adult female, a second group was both visually and chemically exposed to an adult female, a third group was visually exposed to an adult male, and a fourth group was both visually and chemically exposed to an adult male. juvenile males exposed to signals from adult males showed signs of chronic stress, including reduced growth rates, lower testosterone levels, higher corti ... | 1994 | 8047589 |
| [urolithiasis in a green iguana (iguana iguana)]. | in this report surgery on the urinary bladder of an iguana is documented. clinical signs, palpation and radiography failed to reveal the cause of the illness. during surgery a distended urinary bladder which contained an urolith 3 x 2 cm in size was found and removed. the urinary bladder was closed with a double-layered, non-perforating suture. according to the results of infrared spectroscopy, the urolith consisted of 70% dehydrated uric acid and 30% ammonium hydrogen urate. after removal of th ... | 1994 | 8209372 |
| the amino acid sequence of iguana (iguana iguana) pancreatic ribonuclease. | the pyrimidine-specific ribonuclease superfamily constitutes a group of homologous proteins so far found only in higher vertebrates. four separate families are found in mammals, which have resulted from gene duplications in mammalian ancestors. to learn more about the evolutionary history of this superfamily, the primary structure and other characteristics of the pancreatic enzyme from iguana (iguana iguana), a herbivorous lizard species belonging to the reptiles, have been determined. the polyp ... | 1994 | 8307028 |
| differential resource use, growth, and the ontogeny of social relationships in the green iguana. | growth rates, resource use, and ontogeny of behavior patterns were examined in captive groups of juvenile green iguanas (iguana iguana). four groups were housed in large arenas where supplemental heat and perch sites were limited, whereas two control groups were housed in similar arenas without limited resources. growth, frequency and types of displays, behavioral interactions, and the use of resources were monitored. by 35-70 days of age, male hatchlings in arenas with limited resources could b ... | 1993 | 8434073 |
| chemical and behavioral studies of femoral gland secretions in iguanid lizards. | comparative studies on the chemistry and behavioral significance of femoral gland secretions in desert iguanas (dipsosaurus dorsalis) and green iguanas (iguana iguana) are reviewed. field and laboratory studies suggest that femoral gland secretions function in conspecific recognition and range marking. in desert iguanas, secretions are of low volatility and may be detected initially using long-range ultraviolet visual cues. in contrast, green iguana secretions contain a diversity of volatile lip ... | 1993 | 8477348 |
| haematological and biochemical values of 10 green iguanas (iguana iguana). | ten clinically healthy green iguanas (iguana iguana) imported from south america were examined, and haematological and biochemical measurements were made on samples of blood. this paper describes the methods of blood sampling, handling and laboratory analysis, and presents the results as a set of normal blood ranges for the green iguana. | 1996 | 8686152 |
| light perception in the vertebrate brain: an ultrastructural analysis of opsin- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive neurons in iguanid lizards. | recent biochemical and immunocytochemical evidence indicates that a population of circadian and reproductive rhythm-entraining photoreceptors lies in the basal diencephalon of iguanid lizards. here, we report the results of correlated light and electron microscopy of opsin-immunoreactive cells in the basal brain, and we discuss their ultrastructural relationship to known photoreceptors. cerebrospinal fluid (csf)-contacting bipolar neurons in the lizards anolis carolinensis and iguana iguana were ... | 1996 | 8731227 |
| the pineal complex and melatonin affect the expression of the daily rhythm of behavioral thermoregulation in the green iguana. | daily variation in the body temperature of the green iguana (iguana iguana) was studied by telemetry in laboratory photo-thermal enclosures under a 12light:12dark (l:d) photoperiod. the lizards showed robust daily rhythms of thermoregulation maintaining their body temperatures (tb) at higher levels during the day than during the night. some animals maintained rhythmicity when kept in constant darkness. on light:dark cycles parietalectomy produced only a transient increase of median tb in the fir ... | 1996 | 8965257 |
| dietary fiber influences nutrient utilization, growth and dry matter intake of green iguanas (iguana iguana). | herbivory is an uncommon feeding strategy in lizards. appropriate diet formulations for captive lizards should be based on performance measures, yet few data are available on the effect of plant fiber on food intake, nutrient utilization and growth of captive herbivorous lizards. this study was conducted to determine the effect of three levels of dietary fiber on dry matter intake, nutrient and energy metabolizability and growth rate of the green iguana (iguana iguana). twenty-one captive iguana ... | 1997 | 9237944 |
| axial muscle function during lizard locomotion | it was recently reported that the epaxial muscles of a lizard, varanus salvator, function to stabilize the trunk during locomotion, and it was suggested that this stabilizing role may be a shared derived feature of amniotes. this result was unexpected because it had previously been assumed that the epaxial muscles of lizards function to produce lateral bending during locomotion and that only in mammals and birds were the epaxial muscles active in stabilizing the trunk. these results and the infe ... | 1996 | 9320426 |
| ventilation and gas exchange in lizards during treadmill exercise. | the extent to which lizards ventilate their lungs during locomotion is controversial. direct measurements of airflow across the nostrils suggest a progressive reduction in tidal volume and minute ventilation with increased running speed, while other studies have demonstrated that arterial po2 remains constant during exercise. to resolve these conflicting findings, we measured minute ventilation and gas exchange rate in five specimens of varanus exanthematicus and five specimens of iguana iguana ... | 1997 | 9359369 |
| cardiopulmonary and anesthetic effects of propofol administered intraosseously to green iguanas. | to determine cardiopulmonary effects of intraosseous administration of propofol in green iguanas (iguana iguana). | 1998 | 9426788 |
| multioscillatory circadian organization in a vertebrate, iguana iguana. | the lizard iguana iguana when kept in constant ambient temperature displays endogenously generated circadian rhythms of body temperature and locomotor activity. although surgical removal of the parietal eye has only slight effects on overt circadian rhythmicity, subsequent pinealectomy completely abolishes the rhythm of body temperature. however, the rhythm of locomotor activity is only slightly affected by parietalectomy plus pinealectomy. our results demonstrate that the pineal complex is cent ... | 1998 | 9437030 |
| paramyxoviral and reoviral infections of iguanas on honduran islands. | thirty-five free-ranging healthy spiny-tailed iguanas (31 ctenosaura bakeri, 4 c. similis) and 14 green iguanas (iguana iguana rhinolopha) were caught and held in captivity for 2 days. blood was collected from all animals and their sera were evaluated for antibody titres against reptilian reoviruses, reptilian paramyxoviruses, and avian paramyxovirus-1 (pmv-1). cloacal and pharyngeal swabs also were collected and examined for viral content by incubation on chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) and te ... | 1998 | 9476223 |
| topographic position of forelimb motoneuron pools is conserved in vertebrate evolution. | the neuromotor conservatism hypothesis predicts that neuromotor patterns in homologous tetrapod muscles are conserved evolutionarily despite the musculoskeletal modifications of vertebrate limbs. a complete description of the anatomical organization of the neurons innervating homologous limb muscles is a prerequisite to any test of the neuromotor conservatism hypothesis. this study uses the retrograde neuronal tracer wga-hrp to selectively label the motor neuron pools of seven homologous forelim ... | 1998 | 9491275 |
| aural polyp associated with cryptosporidiosis in an iguana (iguana iguana). | 1998 | 9576347 | |
| prevalence of fecal shedding of salmonella organisms among captive green iguanas and potential public health implications. | to determine prevalence of fecal shedding of salmonella organisms among captive green iguanas (iguana iguana). | 1998 | 9656023 |
| behavior of juvenile lizards (iguana iguana) in a conflict between temperature regulation and palatable food. | juvenile green iguanas were placed in a situation of conflict between two motivations: a thermoregulatory drive and the attraction of a palatable bait. to be able to reach the bait (lettuce), they had to leave a warm refuge, provided with standard food, and venture into a cold environment. in experiment 1 the time interval between sessions with bait, ranging from 1 to 8 days, had no effect on the duration of stay on the bait. this result shows that the lettuce was not a necessary food, deprivati ... | 1998 | 9807010 |
| growth and morphometrics of green iguanas (iguana iguana) fed four levels of dietary protein. | 1998 | 9868210 | |
| simultaneous occurrence of salmonella arizonae in a sulfur crested cockatoo (cacatua galerita galerita) and iguanas. | a case of fatal hepatitis in a captive sulfur crested cockatoo (cacatua galerita galerita) in which salmonella arizonae was microbiologically and immunohistochemically detected is described. the death of the cockatoo was closely related to the arrival of a group of 10 green iguanas (iguana iguana) at a pet shop, and no previous clinical signs were observed in the cockatoo. the most important lesion observed at necropsy of the cockatoo was a multifocal necrotic hepatitis. salmonella arizonae was ... | 1998 | 9876856 |
| population genetic structure of a three-host tick, amblyomma dissimile, in eastern venezuela. | patterns of genetic variation for the tick amblyomma dissimile were analyzed from a total of 200 ticks collected on 12 toads (bufo marinus), 14 snakes (boa constrictor), and 8 lizards (iguana iguana) at 11 localities. the analyses were performed on electrophoretic data from 8 isozyme loci. mean heterozygosity per locus was 6% (+/-3.1) per population. differences in allelic frequencies among ticks from different individual hosts were the major source of genetic variability in this study. host spe ... | 1998 | 9920303 |
| in vivo locomotor strain in the hindlimb bones of alligator mississippiensis and iguana iguana: implications for the evolution of limb bone safety factor and non-sprawling limb posture | limb postures of terrestrial tetrapods span a continuum from sprawling to fully upright; however, most experimental investigations of locomotor mechanics have focused on mammals and ground-dwelling birds that employ parasagittal limb kinematics, leaving much of the diversity of tetrapod locomotor mechanics unexplored. this study reports measurements of in vivo locomotor strain from the limb bones of lizard (iguana iguana) and crocodilian (alligator mississippiensis) species, animals from previou ... | 1999 | 10101104 |
| characterization of the renal portal system of the common green iguana (iguana iguana) by digital subtraction imaging. | digital subtraction angiography was used to map the venous blood flow from the pelvic limb and the tail in the common green iguana (iguana iguana). the majority of blood returning from the pelvic limb bypassed the kidney and entered the general circulation, whereas venous blood flow from the tail entered the renal portal circulation. no evidence was found of a renal portal valve. | 1999 | 10484138 |
| effects of hemolysis on plasma electrolyte and chemistry values in the common green iguana (iguana iguana). | hemolysis of serum and plasma samples is a common problem in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. we measured the effects of hemolysis on nine plasma analytes in 10 clinically normal common green iguanas (iguana iguana). blood samples with moderate and marked hemolysis were produced from each iguana by freezing, centrifuging, and decanting plasma from a portion of each blood sample, and combining the nonhemolyzed plasma with different amounts of hemolyzed plasma from the same individual. moderate ... | 1999 | 10572866 |
| circadian rhythm of erg in iguana iguana: role of the pineal. | in green iguanas, the pineal controls the circadian rhythm of body temperature but not the rhythm of locomotor activity. as part of a program to investigate the characteristics of this multioscillator circadian system, the authors studied the circadian rhythms of the electroretinographic response (erg) and asked whether the pineal gland is necessary for the expression of this rhythm. ergs from a total of 24 anesthetized juvenile iguanas were recorded under four different conditions: (a) complete ... | 2000 | 10762034 |
| preliminary findings of salmonella spp. in captive green iguanas (iguana iguana) and their environment. | captive reptiles are routinely identified as reservoirs of salmonella spp. and reports of reptile-associated salmonellosis are increasing. unfortunately, little is known about the epidemiology of salmonella spp. and green iguanas. we did a limited survey of a green-iguana farm in el salvador to identify sources of salmonella spp. in green iguanas and their environment. a limited number of samples for microbiological culture were collected from iguanas (adult, hatchling, and embryos) and their en ... | 2000 | 10821967 |
| circulatory impairment induced by exercise in the lizard iguana iguana. | mechanical integration of the cardiac, muscular and ventilatory pumps enables mammals to vary cardiac output over a wide range to match metabolic demands. we have found this integration lacking in a lizard (iguana iguana) that differs from mammals because blood flow from the caudal body and ventilation are maximal after, rather than during, exercise. because iguana iguana are constrained from ventilation during intense locomotion, they appear to be unable to recruit the abdomen and thorax as a p ... | 2000 | 10934008 |
| effects of lipopolysaccharide and acclimation temperature on induced behavioral fever in juvenile iguana iguana. | we examined the effects of acclimation temperature and two doses (2.5 and 25mgkg(-1)) of a pyrogen (lipopolysaccharide, lps) on behavioral thermoregulation in juvenile green iguanas. overall means of body temperatures for the three-day trial periods were compared among three groups of animals acclimated at 15, 25, and 34 degrees c. the responses of each group of animals to the two dosages of lps and a control saline injection were examined. within each treatment block, animals either chose high ... | 2001 | 11070345 |
| phylogeography of the caribbean rock iguana (cyclura): implications for conservation and insights on the biogeographic history of the west indies. | the caribbean rock iguana, cyclura, has had an unstable intrageneric taxonomy and an unclear phylogenetic position within the family iguanidae. we use mtdna sequence data to address these issues and explore the phylogeographic history of the genus. nd4 to leucine trna sequence data were collected from multiple individuals of each of the eight species of cyclura (including 15 of 16 subspecies) and from four localities of iguana iguana (representative of this species' broad geographic range). this ... | 2000 | 11083940 |
| heart rate response to gentle handling of frog and lizard. | heart rate was counted telemetrically in lizards (iguana iguana) and frogs (rana catesbeiana and rana pipiens) to estimate their response to gentle 1-min handling. the animals were kept at steady body temperatures of ca. 28 degrees c (lizards), and 24 degrees c (frogs). handling increased the heart rate of lizards from ca. 70 to 110 beats per min immediately during and after handling and this tachycardia decreased in ca. 10 min. similar handling did not modify significantly the frogs' heart rate ... | 2000 | 11164677 |
| mechanics of limb bone loading during terrestrial locomotion in the green iguana (iguana iguana) and american alligator (alligator mississippiensis). | in vivo measurements of strain in the femur and tibia of iguana iguana (linnaeus) and alligator mississippiensis (daudin) have indicated three ways in which limb bone loading in these species differs from patterns observed in most birds and mammals: (i) the limb bones of i. iguana and a. mississippiensis experience substantial torsion, (ii) the limb bones of i. iguana and a. mississippiensis have higher safety factors than those of birds or mammals, and (iii) load magnitudes in the limb bones of ... | 2001 | 11222128 |
| aural-pharyngeal polyps associated with cryptosporidium infection in three iguanas (iguana iguana). | cryptosporidium spp. infection was associated with aural-pharyngeal polyps in three iguanas (iguana iguana). all iguanas were presented for masses protruding from the ear canal, and the disease was characterized by a chronic clinical course. the masses consisted of nests of cystic glands surrounded by abundant fibrous connective tissue and lined by hyperplastic cuboidal to pseudostratified columnar epithelium that was moderately to heavily colonized by cryptosporidial organisms. electron microsc ... | 2001 | 11280385 |
| the mitochondrial genomes of the iguana (iguana iguana) and the caiman (caiman crocodylus): implications for amniote phylogeny. | the complete mitochondrial genomes of two reptiles, the common iguana (iguana iguana) and the caiman (caiman crocodylus), were sequenced in order to investigate phylogenetic questions of tetrapod evolution. the addition of the two species allows analysis of reptilian relationships using data sets other than those including only fast-evolving species. the crocodilian mitochondrial genomes seem to have evolved generally at a higher rate than those of other vertebrates. phylogenetic analyses of 288 ... | 2001 | 11297180 |
| twisting and bending: the functional role of salamander lateral hypaxial musculature during locomotion. | the function of the lateral hypaxial muscles during locomotion in tetrapods is controversial. currently, there are two hypotheses of lateral hypaxial muscle function. the first, supported by electromyographic (emg) data from a lizard (iguana iguana) and a salamander (dicamptodon ensatus), suggests that hypaxial muscles function to bend the body during swimming and to resist long-axis torsion during walking. the second, supported by emg data from lizards during relatively high-speed locomotion, s ... | 2001 | 11441039 |
| [comparative proximal and mineral analysis of iguana,poultry and beef meats]. | raw meat samples from iguana, poultry and beef cattle specimens were used to compare proximal (g/100 g) and mineral (mg/100 g) composition. iguana meat was obtained by dissecting whole specimens (iguana iguana) captured at a ranch (n = 20). thighs and breasts were separated from broiler (either chilled or frozen) carcasses (n = 20), and deboned to represent chicken meat samples, whereas 2.5-cm-thick longissimus (ribeyes) steaks were removed from carcasses and frozen to represent beef of several ... | 2000 | 11464675 |