Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| immunostimulants added to injected aeromonas salmonicida bacterin enhance the defense mechanisms and protection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | immunostimulants were given to rainbow trout for assaying effects on modulating non-specific defense mechanisms, specific immune response, and protection levels against pathogen challenge with aeromonas salmonicida. three drugs, levamisole (an approved veterinary drug in the usa), a quaternary ammonium compound (qac), and a short-chain polypeptide (isk) were found to affect the non-specific defense mechanism activities, which were measured by changes in circulatory neutrophil and phagocytic acti ... | 1992 | 1280879 |
| the absorption of hydrophobic chemicals across perfused rainbow trout gills: methodological aspects. | the absorption rates of 4-bromophenol, 2,4-dibromophenol, 3,4,5-trichloroguaiacol, and tetrachloroveratrol across fish gill epithelium have been measured in a perfused gill preparation from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). in additional experiments the absorption rate of tetrachloroveratrol was measured in free swimming fish. the absorption rates were perfusion limited in gills perfused with a saline containing 2% polyvinylpyrrolidone mw 40,000 (pvp-40) as a plasma protein substitute. replac ... | 1992 | 1282872 |
| in vitro effect of levamisole on the neutrophil activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | an in vitro immunization and cultivation method for fish spleen organ section was used to investigate the effects of levamisole on the neutrophil activity. after 10 days of culture with either 50 micrograms/ml, 25 micrograms/ml, 5 micrograms/ml or no levamisole in the media, the nonspecific defense reactions were measured by determining the metabolic activity of neutrophils by using the nitroblue tetrazolium test, and phagocytic and adherence indexes by incubating the fish cells with suspensions ... | 1992 | 1285074 |
| gyrodactylus bohemicus sp. n. (monogenea: gyrodactylidae) from oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) and salvelinus fontinalis (mitchill) (clupeiformes: salmonidae) in czechoslovakia. | gyrodactylus bohemicus sp. n (gyrodactylidae: monogenea) is described from the fins, skin and gill filaments of oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) and salvelinus fontinalis (mitchill) (clupeiformes: salmonidae) from a trout farm in czechoslovakia. g. bohemicus sp. n. is most closely related to g. thymalli zitnan, 1960 and g. magnus konovalov, 1967 in the shape of the anchors, the ventral and the dorsal bar, but can be distinguished from both these species by the shape of the marginal hook proper. | 1992 | 1291456 |
| [mixed-function oxidase induction as a test for the biological monitoring of water: limitations and prospects]. | the induction in fish liver of some enzyme activities, and typically of microsomal mixed-function oxidases (mfo), provides the earliest biological warning signal of exposure to pollutants. our studies provided evidence that the basal levels of cytochrome p-450 and specific mfo activities, such as arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (ahh) and ethoxyresorufin deethylase (erod), were strongly influenced by the diet in freshwater fish (oncorhynchus mykiss). the response of fish liver to a known enzyme induc ... | 2006 | 1294203 |
| pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in fingerling rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the pharmacokinetics of intravenously and orally administered enrofloxacin was determined in fingerling rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). doses of 5 or 10 mg enrofloxacin/kg body weight were administered intravenously to 26 fish for each dose and blood was sampled over a 60-h period at 15 degrees c. two groups of fish were treated orally with 5, 10, or 50 mg/kg (80 fish/dose at each temperature) and held at 15 degrees c or 10 degrees c during the 60-h sampling period. following intravenous ad ... | 1992 | 1315398 |
| the relationship between beta-adrenoceptors and adrenergic responsiveness in trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and eel (anguilla rostrata) erythrocytes. | experiments were performed in vitro specifically to elucidate the underlying mechanism(s) of the attenuated adrenergic responses of eel (anguilla rostrata) erythrocytes. this was achieved by comparing beta-adrenoceptor numbers and affinities in addition to (i) na+/h+ exchange activity, (ii) cell swelling and (iii) cyclic amp formation mediated by catecholamines in eel and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) erythrocytes under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. under normoxic conditions, eel erythrocytes d ... | 1992 | 1321872 |
| mhc class ii beta-chain expression in the rainbow trout. | a cdna clone corresponding to the mhc class ii beta-chain of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) has been isolated and used in restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) studies in a family of full siblings of rainbow trout. a very simple rflp pattern was detected, suggesting segregation of a homozygote aa genotype and a heterozygote ab genotype. the mhc class ii beta-chain of the rainbow trout seems to be transcribed in the same type of cells as class ii genes of higher vertebrates eve ... | 1992 | 1351315 |
| stimulation of hepatic thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by pacific salmon growth hormone. | 1. growth hormone extracted from pacific salmon pituitaries (sgh) was injected intra-peritoneally into rainbow trout to determine sgh effects on plasma levels of thyroxine (t4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t3) and properties of the hepatic 5'-deiodinase enzyme (5'-d) responsible for t4 to t3 conversion. 2. after 24 hr, sgh (0.1 or 0.5 microgram/g) did not alter the plasma t4 level or 5'-d, km, but elevated plasma t3 and especially 5'-d vmax. 3. thus sgh, like the previously tested human gh, acutely ... | 1992 | 1351442 |
| influence of blood sample collection on the haematocrit value of two teleosts: rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and european sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax l.). | 1. the effects of the volume of blood extracted, number of extractions, and weight upon the haematocrit value of a freshwater teleost (oncorhynchus mykiss) and a marine one (dicentrarchus labrax) have been studied. 2. for trout with the same weight, the increase in the volume of blood extracted results in a significant increase in the haematocrit value. 3. for the same volume of blood extracted--in trout of the same weight--the second extraction results in a significant increase in the haematocr ... | 1992 | 1351449 |
| dietary arginine requirement of young rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1. two growth trials were conducted with young rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to determine the dietary arginine requirement under conditions of rapid weight gain at 15 degrees c. 2. the growth requirement does not exceed 4.2 g arginine/16 g dietary nitrogen and, thus, is much lower than the value of 6.0 g arginine/16 g dietary nitrogen presently listed by the nrc for chinook salmon and widely applied to all salmonids. 3. comparison of the present results with the arginine requirement of the ... | 1992 | 1351818 |
| differential effects of 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (hcb) on interrenal steroidogenesis in male and female rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | 1. the conversion of progesterone to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-ohp), 11-deoxycortisol (11-docr) and deoxycorticosterone (doc) was significantly higher in female rainbow trout than in male trout; in contrast, the interrenal production of cortisol (cr) plus cortisone (cn) was higher in males than in females. 2. following treatment with 1 mg/kg of hcb, the interrenal conversion of progesterone to 17 alpha-ohp and 11-docr was significantly increased in male and female trout but at 20 mg ... | 2006 | 1360370 |
| substance-p-related and neurokinin-a-related peptides from the brain of the cod and trout. | an extract of the brain of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss contained high concentrations of both neurokinin a-like immunoreactivity (corresponding to 90 pmol mammalian neurokinin a/g wet tissue) and substance-p-like immunoreactivity (corresponding to 50 pmol mammalian substance p/g wet tissue) measured by radioimmunoassay using antisera directed against the c-terminal regions of the mammalian peptides. in contrast, an extract of the atlantic cod. gadus morhua contained only neurokinin-a-l ... | 1992 | 1376687 |
| immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis associated with bacterial kidney disease in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) developed a post-infectious chronic membranous glomerulonephritis 15 months after they had been experimentally infected with renibacterium salmoninarum. histologically, peritubular and periglomerular fibrosis, hypercellular glomeruli with occluded bowman's space, and partial or complete adhesion to bowman's capsule were constant features. electron microscopy revealed thickened glomerular basement membranes with spikes accompanied by finely granular electron-de ... | 1992 | 1385916 |
| dexamethasone stimulates release of an anp-like substance from rainbow trout cardiocytes. | a substance that cross-reacts with antiserum to human atrial natriuretic peptide (anp) is found in fish hearts. this anp-like material increases sodium output from the gill and kidney while inhibiting sodium uptake in the gut. mammalian anp secretion is stimulated by glucocorticoids, and cortisol injection increases sodium output in salt-loaded fish. therefore, we wanted to determine if the release of anp in fish is sensitive to dexamethasone. ventricle cardiocytes from the rainbow trout oncorhy ... | 1992 | 1387296 |
| effects of nutritional state, insulin, and glucagon on lipid mobilization in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the effects of nutritional state, insulin, and glucagon on lipid mobilization were determined in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. in nutritional state experiments, fish were either fed continuously (except 24 to 36 hr prior to experimentation) with commercial trout chow or fasted for 4 weeks. lipase activity in liver tissue isolated from fasted fish and cultured for 5 hr was greater than that in tissue isolated from fed fish and cultured. the presence of glucose (5.55 mm) in the incubation me ... | 1992 | 1398015 |
| the energetic cost of protein synthesis in isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | to establish the energetic cost of protein synthesis, isolated trout hepatocytes were used to measure protein synthesis and respiration simultaneously at a variety of temperatures. the presence of bovine serum albumin was essential for the viability of isolated hepatocytes during isolation, but, in order to measure protein synthesis rates, oxygen consumption rates and rna-to-protein ratios, bsa had to be washed from the cells. isolated hepatocytes were found to be capable of protein synthesis an ... | 1992 | 1401333 |
| identification of a second insulin-like growth factor in a fish species. | an internal portion of insulin-like growth factor (igf) amplified from the total cdna of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver by a pcr was used to screen a rainbow trout liver cdna library, and recombinant clones encoding two distinct igfs were isolated. on the basis of a 98.7% nucleotide and 98.3% predicted amino acid identity to coho salmon igf-i, one cdna sequence was identified as rainbow trout preproinsulin-like growth factor i (rtigf-i). the second cdna sequence shared 46.1% and 43.3% ... | 1992 | 1409585 |
| chronic fasting reduces the response of the thyroid to growth hormone and tsh, and alters the growth hormone-related changes in hepatic 5'-monodeiodinase activity in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | chronically fasted rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) had significantly lower plasma l-thyroxine (t4) and triiodo-l-thyronine (t3), and higher plasma growth hormone (gh) concentrations than fed animals. fasted and fed trout were administered bovine thyrotropic hormone (btsh), native ovine gh (ogh), or recombinant human gh (rhgh) alone, or gh in combination with btsh to further study the effects of food deprivation on the activity of the pituitary-thyroid axis and on the control of hepatic t3 pr ... | 1992 | 1426938 |
| the effects of computer-controlled shadow stimuli on the success of cercarial transmission by cryptocotyle lingua (digenea: heterophyidae). | pectoral fins from juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were used in a bioassay, the object of which was to quantify the effect of simulated shadow stimuli on the transmission success of the cercariae. for a period of 60 min, parasites and fins were exposed to a sequence of computer-controlled shadow stimuli, continuous light or total darkness, and subsequently the number of infections was counted. trials were conducted with cercariae 1, 12 and 24 h old. within the constraints of the exp ... | 1992 | 1454422 |
| characterization of peptides related to neuropeptide tyrosine and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine from the brain and gastrointestinal tract of teleost fish. | neuropeptide y was isolated from the brain of the atlantic cod, gadus morhua and its primary structure established as tyr-pro-ile*-lys-pro-glu*-asn-pro-gly-glu10-asp-ala-pro-ala-asp*-g lu*-leu*-ala- lys*-tyr20-tyr-ser-ala-leu-arg-his-tyr-ile-asn-leu30-ile-thr -arg-gln-arg-tyr- conh2. residues denoted by an asterisk are different from the corresponding sequence of human neuropeptide y. a structurally similar peptide was isolated from the brain of the trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. trout neuropeptide ... | 1992 | 1459125 |
| zona radiata proteins are synthesized by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes in response to oestradiol-17 beta. | the present study delineates the origin of the three major proteins constituting the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) zona radiata. intraperitoneal administration of oestradiol-17 beta induced the appearance in the blood from juvenile fish (both sexes) of proteins immunoreactive to rabbit antisera against zona radiata proteins (zr proteins). these proteins had similar molecular weights to the zr proteins (alpha, 60 kda; beta, 55 kda; and gamma, 50 kda). primary hepatocyte cultures from fish t ... | 1992 | 1474336 |
| phosphofructokinase from white muscle of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss: purification and properties. | phosphofructokinase was purified and characterized from the white skeletal muscle of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. purification involved three steps: ion-exchange chromatography on hydroxyapatite and affinity chromatography on phosphocellulose and atp-agarose. a final specific activity of 75 units per mg of protein at 22 degrees c and ph 7.2 with 40% recovery was obtained. the purified enzyme gave a single band on sds-page with a subunit molecular mass of 76.5 +/- 0.6 kda. based on gel filt ... | 1992 | 1477103 |
| isolation and primary structure of gastrin-releasing peptide from a teleost fish, the trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | immunohistochemical studies have established that fish gastrointestinal tissues contain peptides with gastrin-releasing peptide (grp)/bombesin-like immunoreactivity, but the molecular nature of this material is unclear. in this study, the most abundant peptide that was immunoreactive towards an antiserum raised against pig grp was isolated in pure form from an extract of the stomach of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the primary structure of the peptide was established as: ser-glu-asn-t ... | 1992 | 1480521 |
| enrichment of metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of cod (gadus morhua) following oral administration of hexachlorobenzene and 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl. | the disposition of 14c-labelled hexachlorobenzene (hcb) and 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl (tricb) was studied in cod (gadus morhua) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). for both compounds tape section autoradiography revealed substantial amounts of radiolabelled material in the central nervous system (cns) of cod, whereas only traces of radioactivity were observed in the cns of rainbow trout. furthermore, an enrichment of radiolabelled compound in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was observed in the ... | 1992 | 1480551 |
| the primary structure of piscine (oncorhynchus mykiss) retinol-binding protein and a comparison with the three-dimensional structure of mammalian retinol-binding protein. | 1. the primary structures of two variants of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) plasma retinol-binding protein (rbp) were determined and found to be approximately 60% identical with those of both human and xenopus laevis rbps. the comparable sequence similarities that we have found agree with the estimate of similar divergence times between bony fishes and mammals and between bony fishes and amphibians. the two piscine rbp variants differ by six amino acid substitutions at positions that are no ... | 1992 | 1483476 |
| purification and characterization of two chymotrypsin-like proteases from the pyloric caeca of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1. two chymotrypsins, called chymotrypsin i and ii, were purified from the pyloric caeca of rainbow trout, by (nh4)2so4 fractionation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography (phenyl-sepharose) and ion-exchange chromatography (deae-sepharose). 2. the approximate molecular weights of chymotrypsin i and ii were 28,200 (+/- 1200) and 28,800 (+/- 900), respectively, as determined by sds-page and their isoelectric points were about 5. 3. the ph optima of the enzymes were centered around nine, when ass ... | 1992 | 1499272 |
| isolation of an acute-phase phosphorylcholine-reactive pentraxin from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | 1. channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) serum contains a protein that precipitates pneumococcal c-polysaccharide (cps) in a calcium-dependent fashion. 2. the serum titer of this protein follows an acute-phase pattern in catfish injected with turpentine. 3. a non-glycosylated, phosphorylcholine (pc)-reactive protein (prp) with molecular mass ca 100 kda, was isolated from channel catfish acute-phase sera by affinity chromatography on pc-sepharose 4b. 4. contaminating proteins with molecular masse ... | 1992 | 1499290 |
| mechanisms of ion and acid-base regulation at the gills of freshwater fish. | this review examines the branchial mechanisms utilized by freshwater fish to regulate internal acid-base status and presents a model to explain the underlying basis of the compensatory processes. rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and brown bullhead, ictalurus nebulosus, were examined under a variety of experimental treatments which induced respiratory and metabolic acid-base disturbances. acid-base regulation was achieved by appropriate adjustments of na+ and cl- net fluxes across the gills wh ... | 2006 | 1500882 |
| relationship between blood o2 content and catecholamine levels during hypoxia in rainbow trout and american eel. | plasma catecholamine levels and arterial blood respiratory variables were monitored in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and american eel (anguilla rostrata) acutely exposed (30 min) to graded levels of external hypoxia [water po2 (pwo2) 20-90 torr]. the experiments were designed to evaluate the factors controlling catecholamine mobilization in hypoxic fish and to elucidate the basis of marked interspecific differences. in trout, plasma catecholamine levels were unchanged when pwo2 remained ab ... | 1992 | 1510165 |
| ependymins from the cerebrospinal fluid of salmonid fish: gene structure and molecular characterization. | so far, ependymins (epds) have been sequenced only from cypriniform fish, and in the past all attempts have failed to characterize, on a molecular level, homologous epd proteins in higher vertebrates. therefore, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) epds, which represent the predominant proteins of the cerebrospinal fluid, have been n-terminally sequenced and the encoding cdna subsequently cloned using the polymerase chain reaction. surprisingly, only 40-42% of the amino acids are identical with t ... | 1992 | 1511892 |
| rainbow trout mitochondrial dna: sequence and structural characteristics of the non-coding control region and flanking trna genes. | we have determined the sequence of the 1003-bp control region (also referred to as the 'displacement-loop region') and flanking trna genes in the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. this region has the same overall structure (i.e., trnt-trnp-control region-trnf) as in mammalian and amphibian (xenopus laevis) mitochondrial (mt)dnas. the trout control region contains apparent homologues of the conserved sequence blocks (csb) and termination-associated sequences ide ... | 1992 | 1511893 |
| [triiodothyronine is needed for the acclimatization of brown trout (salmo trutta) or rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to seawater]. | brown and rainbow trout, held in freshwater at 13 +/- 1 degrees, were injected, every 3 days, with iopanoic acid (iop: 5 mg/100 g body wt), an inhibitor of deiodination of thyroxine (t4) to triiodothyronine (t3). one group of iop-treated rainbow trout was immersed in t3 (20 micrograms/l water). in iop trout, plasma t3 fell to very low levels by day 7, while changes in t4 levels were less marked. in iop + t3 trout plasma t3 increased fivefold, plasma t4 being unchanged. no mortality occurred and ... | 1992 | 1521165 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the cdna encoding p-450 aromatase (p450arom) from a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ovary; relationship between the amount of p450arom mrna and the production of oestradiol-17 beta in the ovary. | the enzyme aromatase p-450 (p450arom) catalyses the conversion of androgen to oestrogen. a cdna insert encoding p450arom was isolated from a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ovary cdna library. the insert was sequenced and found to contain an open-reading frame predicted to encode a protein of 522 amino acid residues. the deduced polypeptide is 52% homologous with human, mouse and rat p450arom and 53% homologous with that of chicken. the insert was confirmed to encode p450arom by introducing ... | 1992 | 1543534 |
| neutrophil, glass-adherent, nitroblue tetrazolium assay gives early indication of immunization effectiveness in rainbow trout. | neutrophil activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is increased upon antigenic stimulation with the yersinia ruckeri o-antigen bacterin. the characteristics of neutrophil attachment to glass and nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) staining were used to determine the effectiveness of immunization programs with fingerling rainbow trout. fish immunized by intraperitoneal injection with doses of 100, 10, or 1 microgram of the bacterin showed the highest responses in that order in numbers of glass ad ... | 1992 | 1546446 |
| [antibacterial resistance induced by injection of ascitic fluid (with igm partially removed) and natural monoclonal antibodies of human origin in rainbow trout]. | human monoclonal immunoglobulins m from myeloma shown to have the typical polyspecificity of natural antibodies, were precipitated from the ascitic fluid that originally contained them. the igm and their supernatant were injected in parallel, intraperitoneally into rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to test passive protection against experimental furunculosis. protection was observed in both cases (significant protection at 2%). however, only trout treated with igm were still protected against ... | 1992 | 1559182 |
| influence of hypophysectomy, castration, fasting, and spermiation on sbp concentration in male rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the influence of different experimental and physiological conditions on sex steroid binding protein (sbp) concentrations in the blood (and in hepatic and testicular cytosols) has been studied on male rainbow trout. sbp was measured with a specific binding assay. the aim was to further understanding of regulation of the sbp and in particular to determine the respective influences of reproductive and metabolic status. twelve days after hypophysectomy, pituitary and steroid hormones were dramatical ... | 1992 | 1563611 |
| hplc analysis of in vitro hepatic deiodination products of thyroid hormones in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | reverse-phase hplc employing five different solvent systems was used to determine the 125i-labeled products formed in rainbow trout by in vitro incubation at 12 degrees of the hepatic microsome fraction with l-thyroxine (t4) labeled with 125i in the outer phenyl ring. trout were starved for 2 weeks or fed a 2% ration. the only labeled products identified during incubation for 7.5-70 min over a t4 substrate range of 0.03-0.5 nm were 125i- and 3,5,[125i]3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3). these products ... | 1992 | 1577240 |
| the acute influence of ingested thyroid hormones on hepatic deiodination pathways in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | juvenile rainbow trout were fed once daily with trout pellets supplemented with l-thyroxine (t4) or 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and the effects on plasma t4 and t3 levels and hepatic 5'-monodeiodinase (5'd) activity determined after 1, 2, or 3 days. in all cases t3 (12 ppm) elevated plasma t3 and caused a significant reduction in the functional level (vmax) of 5'd with no change in enzyme affinity (km). after 3 daily meals (3 ppm t3), 5'd activity fell to 52% of control levels. in most insta ... | 1992 | 1577241 |
| intra- and extra-cellular sources of t3 binding to putative thyroid hormone receptors in liver, kidney, and gill nuclei of immature rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the sources of extracellular and intracellular 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) binding to putative thyroid hormone receptors in liver, kidney, and gill nuclei were determined in vivo for immature rainbow trout at 12 degrees c. both [131i]t3 and [125i]t4 were injected intraperitoneally, the plasma and tissues were examined at isotopic equilibrium at 20 h, and the proportions of intracellular [125i]t3 and extracellular [131i]t3 saturably bound in the nucleus were determined. comparable total amoun ... | 1992 | 1583450 |
| cortisol content of eggs and larvae of teleosts. | the whole-animal content of the cortisol was measured in embryos and larvae of tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), ayu (plecoglossus altivelis), milkfish (chanos chanos), and yellowfin bream (acanthropagrus latus) by radioimmunoassay following the validation of an extraction method. the total cortisol content in tilapia was 50.3 +/- 19.1 pg immediately following fertilization, then decreased abruptly and maintained a lower level of 10-17 pg until larval hatchi ... | 1992 | 1601267 |
| properties of t4 5'-deiodinating systems in various tissues of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | l-thyroxine (t4) 5'-monodeiodinase (5'd) activity was examined in the microsomal fractions of liver, kidney, gill, white skeletal muscle, and red blood cells (rbc) of fed rainbow trout held in freshwater at 12 degrees. two distinct 5'd systems were established and were examined at low (0.08-1.3 nm) or high (1.6-25 nm) t4 substrate ranges. the low substrate 5'd occurred in liver, gill, and muscle, but not in kidney or rbc. the ph optimum was 7.0 and the optimum dithiothreitol (dtt) level ranged f ... | 1992 | 1601281 |
| transbranchial ammonia gradients and acid-base responses to high external ammonia concentration in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) acclimated to different salinities. | transbranchial ammonia gradients and blood acid-base status have been examined in rainbow trout acclimated to fresh water (fw), 33% sea water (33% sw) and sea water (sw) and exposed to 1.0 mmol l-1 total ammonia (tamm) at ph 7.9 for 24 h. at all three salinities trout maintained large negative (inwardly directed) nh3 and nh4+ gradients throughout the exposure, presumably by active excretion of nh4+ to counteract the passive inward diffusion of ammonia. analysis of blood non-respiratory acid-base ... | 2004 | 1602280 |
| thyroid hormone increases transcription of growth hormone mrna in rainbow trout pituitary. | treatment of young rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fish for one week with thyroid hormone (t3) (3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine) increased the steady state levels of mrna for growth hormone in the pituitary 3-4 times as compared to control groups. the steady state levels of growth hormone in the pituitary and in the plasma, were not significantly altered. this implicates the existence in fish of a molecular mechanism of transcriptional stimulation of the gh gene by thyroid hormone, similar to tha ... | 1992 | 1612552 |
| sequential development of the immune response in rainbow trout [oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum, 1792)] to experimental plerocercoid infections of diphyllobothrium dendriticum (nitzsch, 1824). | development of the inflammatory response of rainbow trout to experimental infections with diphyllobothrium dendriticum plerocercoids is described using light and electron microscopy. the cellular response to plerocercoids occurred within 2 weeks post-infection (p.i.). this was followed by an increase in leucocyte numbers during weeks 3-6 p.i., with full encapsulation of plerocercoids by week 6 p.i. neutrophils were the first leucocytes to engage the developing plerocercoid, followed by large inf ... | 1992 | 1614733 |
| effects of short-term 17 beta-estradiol treatment on the properties of t4-binding proteins in the plasma of immature rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | to determine the effects of 17 beta-estradiol (e2) on the properties of the plasma proteins that bind l-thyroxine (t4) immature rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, were injected intraperitoneally on days 0 and 3 with 0.5 mg e2-3-benzoate/100 g body weight, and plasma was sampled on days 4, 7, or 12. control trout received peanut oil alone. e2 caused a small but significant decrease in the free t4 index. saturation analysis on miniature g-25 sephadex columns revealed at least two major t4-binding ... | 1992 | 1624912 |
| the influence of cerebellar lesions on the swimming performance of the trout. | the influence of partial cerebellar ablation on the performance of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, swimming in a water tunnel was studied. before surgery, all fish maintained a steady position in the water tunnel at all speeds tested. a linear relationship was found between the specific velocity (body length s-1) and the tail-beat frequency. after partial cerebellectomy, the fish swam well in the tunnel at low speeds, retaining the relationship between tail-beat frequency and specific veloci ... | 2006 | 1634862 |
| a comparative study of the host-parasite relationship of pomphorhynchus patagonicus (acanthocephala) in two species of fish from lake rosario (chubut, argentina). | some aspects of the host-parasite relationships of pomphorhynchus patagonicus (acanthocephala) in 2 fish species from lake rosario (chubut, argentina) were studied. the fish species patagonina hatcheri (atherinidae) is autochthonous, and oncorhynchus mykiss (salmonidae) is introduced. the host species appears to influence attachment, size, sexual maturity, and distribution of parasites along the digestive tract. in p. hatcheri, an effective major host, parasites are attached firmly to the wall o ... | 1992 | 1635031 |
| effects of human insulin-like growth factor-i on release of growth hormone by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) pituitary cells. | a recombinant human igf-i (rhigf-i) was applied to primary cultures of rainbow trout pituitary cells. in wells containing 3 x 10(4) and 6 x 10(4) cells/well, rhigf-i inhibited basal gh release both in short (6 h) and long (12 and 24 h) exposures. the decline in gh release was dose-dependent over the range of 0.01 and 100 mm. the combination of rhigf-i and low concentrations of synthetic somatostatin (srif) enhanced the inhibitory effect of rhigf-i in an additive manner. any appreciable effect of ... | 1992 | 1640199 |
| analysis of ras gene mutations in rainbow trout liver tumors initiated by aflatoxin b1. | the suspect human hepatocarcinogen aflatoxin b1 (afb1) is a well-known potent initiator of hepatic tumors in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). both hepatocellular carcinomas and mixed hepatocellular/cholangiocellular carcinomas are induced by afb1 in trout, with the mixed form predominating. we previously isolated two c-ras genes from trout liver cdna, and in the present study we analyzed dna from 14 afb1-induced trout liver tumors for point mutations in exon 1 of both genes. using the polyme ... | 1991 | 1645972 |
| development of fish peritoneal macrophages as a model for higher vertebrates in immunotoxicological studies. i. characterization of trout macrophage morphological, functional, and biochemical properties. | the immune defense mechanisms of fish are not as well characterized as those of mammals but seem to be related and similarly competent. because of this, there is an increased interest in the immune responses of fish as models for higher vertebrates in immunotoxicological studies. prior to such studies, baseline criteria for specific components of the immune response needed to be established. for this study, we have examined trout macrophage morphology using light and scanning electron microscopy ... | 1991 | 1649778 |
| the effect of thyroid hormone and glucocorticoids on carp growth hormone-releasing factor (grf)-induced growth hormone (gh) release in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1. the effect of thyroid hormone and glucocorticoids on carp growth hormone-releasing factor (grf)-induced growth hormone (gh) secretion was studied on rainbow trout using a dispersed pituitary cell culture system. 2. a combined administration of lower doses (0.01 microm) of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and dexamethasone (dex) significantly increased spontaneous as well as carp grf-induced gh release. 3. lower doses of dex alone had no effect, and t3 had a marginal effect on gh release. highe ... | 2006 | 1679699 |
| anserine and free amino acid contents in the egg and fry stages of developing rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1. anserine and free amino acid contents were examined in rainbow trout eggs, yolk sac and yolk-free fry before feeding. 2. free amino acid levels showed little change in eggs and yolk sac and had a tendency to increase in yolk-free fry. 3. no anserine was detected in the eggs and yolk sac, but yolk-free fry significantly increased its concentration after hatching. this continuous increment of anserine was discussed in relation to buffering capacity of adult fish muscle. | 1991 | 1682081 |
| interaction of carp growth hormone-releasing factor and somatostatin on in vitro release of growth hormone in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | possible antagonism between somatostatin (ss) and carp growth hormone-releasing factor (grf) on growth hormone (gh) secretion was examined by radioimmunoassay in a dispersed rainbow trout pituitary cell culture system. ss (3 nm) significantly antagonized carp grf(1-29; 1 nm, 10 nm)-induced gh secretion. the slope of the dose-response curve for carp grf(1-29) with ss was statistically different from that of carp grf(1-29) alone (p less than 0.05) suggesting a noncompetitive antagonism of ss to ca ... | 1991 | 1684643 |
| comparative metabolic profiling of chloramphenicol by isolated hepatocytes from rat and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1. isolated liver cells from rat and rainbow trout were used to study the biotransformation of labelled chloramphenicol (cp). 2. the 3h-cp metabolic rates were 1.7 nmol/hr/10(6) rat hepatocytes and 0.2 nmol/hr/10(6) trout hepatocytes. 3. in rat, as in trout liver cells, the major metabolite was cp-glucuronide. in addition to this conjugate, cp-base, cp-alcohol and cp-oxamic acid were detected in significant amounts. 4. these results are compared with in vivo data on cp metabolism previously obta ... | 1991 | 1687566 |
| in vitro immunostimulation of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) spleen cells with levamisole. | an in vitro immunization and cultivation method for fish spleen organ sections was used to investigate the effects of levamisole on the immune response. after 10 days of culture with either 50 micrograms/ml, 25 micrograms/ml, 5 micrograms/ml or no levamisole in the media, the nonspecific defense reactions were measured by determining the metabolic activity of neutrophils by using the nitroblue tetrazolium test, and phagocytic and adherence indexes by incubating the fish cells with suspensions of ... | 1990 | 1695158 |
| expression of immunoreactive glutathione s-transferases in hepatic neoplasms induced by aflatoxin b1 or 1,2-dimethylbenzanthracene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the expression of immunoreactive glutathione s-transferase (gst) was examined in hepatic neoplasms induced in rainbow trout by aflatoxin b1 (afb) or 1,2-dimethylbenzanthracene (dmba). tumors were induced in adult trout by continuous dietary exposure to 8 p.p.b. afb1 for 12 months or embryo bath exposure to dmba (5 p.p.m. for 24 h, 3 times with 12 h intervals between exposures). polyclonal antiserum specific for the two major trout hepatic gst subunits in trout liver was produced by immunizing ra ... | 1990 | 1702371 |
| bombesin potentiates the effect of acetylcholine on isolated strips of fish stomach. | the interaction between bombesin and acetylcholine acting on smooth muscle of the stomach wall was investigated in two species of teleost fish. oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) and gadus morhua (atlantic cod). acetylcholine or bombesin alone has an excitatory effect on the stomach muscle. the effect on contraction amplitude of acetylcholine (10(-6)-10(-5) m) alone is about 10-times greater than the effect of bombesin (10(-9)-10(-7) m). in molar terms however, bombesin is more potent than acet ... | 1990 | 1703314 |
| the role of alpha 2-macroglobulin in furunculosis: a comparison of rainbow trout and brook trout. | 1. the molecular basis for the high survival rate of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, infected with furunculosis was investigated. 2. alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2m), a major serum protease inhibitor, was partially purified from rainbow trout and brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis, sera; the latter species shows marked disease susceptibility. 3. it is shown that a 10-fold species-based difference in alpha 2m inhibitory activity exists against a furunculosis associated bacterial protease. 4. ... | 1991 | 1714367 |
| tachykinins and intestinal motility in different fish groups. | the presence and function of tachykinins were studied in the intestine of hagfish (myxine glutinosa), lamprey (lampetra fluviatilis), starry ray (raja radiata), lungfish (lepidosiren paradoxa), bichir (polypterus senegalensis), and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), which represent different systematic groups of fish. immunohistochemistry revealed cells containing substance p (sp)-like material in the intestine of lamprey and lungfish, and in the stomach of the ray. the intestinal motility was ... | 1991 | 1718815 |
| degranulation of eosinophilic granule cells induced by capsaicin and substance p in the intestine of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). | adult rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were injected intraperitoneally with capsaicin, substance p, serotonin, or a control of saline vehicle or bovine serum albumin (0.5 microgram/g body weight). fish were sacrificed 30 min and 1, 2, and 4 h post-injection, the gut was dissected out, and a small section of the upper intestine was processed for electron microscopy. a significant proportion of eosinophilic granule cells (egcs) of the intestine were in close association with non-myelinated neur ... | 1991 | 1725861 |
| vector specificity of trypanosoma catostomi and its infectivity to freshwater fishes. | trypanosoma catostomi was found in 36.2% of 558 white suckers (catostomus commersoni) from ontario, canada. the abundance of actinobdella inequiannulata was 35% (68 leeches/197 suckers examined for leeches). the susceptibility of 3 species of leeches (hemiclepsis marginata, desserobdella phalera, and a. inequiannulata) and 7 species of fishes (c. commersoni, amia calva, anguilla rostrata, ictalurus nebulosus, oncorhynchus mykiss, perca flavescens, and esox lucius) to infection with t. catostomi ... | 1992 | 1738075 |
| the piscine plasma retinol-binding protein. purification, partial amino acid sequence and interaction with mammalian transthyretin of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) retinol-binding protein. | 1. retinol-binding protein (rbp) has been isolated from the pooled plasma or rainbow trouts (oncorhinchus mykiss) by gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. by this procedure two forms of the protein, both with a molecular mass (approximately 20 kda) similar to that of mammalian rbp, were purified to homogeneity. five amino acid substitutions have been found in the partial (about 60%) sequences of the two forms of trout rbp, which are presumably ac ... | 1992 | 1740159 |
| in vivo and in vitro studies on sex steroid binding protein (sbp) regulation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): influence of sex steroid hormones and of factors linked to growth and metabolism. | the respective roles of sex steroids and hormones related to growth and metabolism, on sbp regulation have been studied in rainbow trout. in vivo, oestradiol (e2) supplementation induces a slow but significant increase of plasma sbp concentration. testosterone or cortisol injections have no effect. in vitro, the steroid binding protein that accumulates in incubation medium of hepatic cell primary cultures has been characterized and found to be similar to blood sbp. its production is increased by ... | 1991 | 1751398 |
| liver 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxygenase activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1. in rainbow trout, 3haa activity was comparable with those of terrestrial animals; 3haa:pc activity ratio suggests ineffective conversion of tryptophan to niacin. 2. inactivation as well as reactivation under different conditions was investigated. 3. some characteristics of the enzyme extract were studied with the aim of optimizing assay in fish. | 2007 | 1764908 |
| virulence and serum-resistance in different clonal groups and serotypes of yersinia ruckeri. | the virulence in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) of 32 isolates of yersinia ruckeri, representing a range of biotypes, serotypes, and omp-types, was examined. virulence was assayed in fish of average weight 7.7 g by bath challenge for 1 h with approximately 5 x 10(7) cells per ml. two of the six serotype o1 clonal groups of y. ruckeri, clones 2 and 5, were virulent, whereas the other four clonal groups, clones 1, 3, 4 and 6, as well as all serotype o2, o5, o6 and o7 isolates examined, were a ... | 1991 | 1771752 |
| leucocyte migration in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss [walbaum]): optimization of migration conditions and responses to host and pathogen (diphyllobothrium dendriticum [nitzsch]) derived chemoattractants. | a rainbow trout leucocyte-derived chemoattractant(s) was prepared and tested as a stimulant of leucocyte migration. it was used to optimize an in vitro leucocyte migration assay using a 48-well micro chemotaxis chamber. this assay has subsequently been used to test the chemoattractant activity of antigen extracts from the tegument of diphyllobothrium dendriticum plerocercoids and conditioned medium obtained after in vitro maintenance of live plerocercoids. leucocytes were found to have an increa ... | 1991 | 1773854 |
| neuropeptide y stimulates in vivo gonadotropin secretion in teleost fish. | the effects of the neuropeptide y (npy), alone or in combination with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue, d-ala6-desgly10-pro9-net lhrh (lhrha), have been studied on the in vivo secretion of the maturational gonadotropin (gth2) in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and the common carp cyprinus carpio. depending on the species, two routes of administration were used: in trout, intraperitoneal injection (20 micrograms/kg body wt); in carp, direct infusion (3 micrograms/kg body wt) into t ... | 1991 | 1783272 |
| involvement of gonadotropin in the uptake of vitellogenin into vitellogenic oocytes of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the effects of two fully characterized, structurally distinct gonadotropins, gth i and gth ii, on the uptake of vitellogenin (vtg) into oocytes of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. gth i, injected into maturing vitellogenic females at a dose of 10 micrograms.kg body wt-1, increased the rate of [3h]vtg uptake into oocytes by more than two-fold, effectively doubling their rate of growth. ovaries from females similarly treated with gth ii sequester ... | 2001 | 1783274 |
| prostaglandins in the kidney, urinary bladder and gills of the rainbow trout and european eel adapted to fresh water and seawater. | prostaglandins in kidney, gills, and urinary bladder of freshwater-adapted and seawater-adapted rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (= salmo gairdneri), and european eel, anguilla anguilla, were determined by solid-phase extraction of tissue homogenates and high-pressure liquid chromatography. prostaglandins e2, e1, f1 alpha, f2 alpha, and d2 and the more stable metabolite of prostacyclin, 6-keto f1 alpha, occurred in these osmoregulatory tissues. in gill filaments and kidneys of both eel and tro ... | 1991 | 1783277 |
| isolation of sockeye salmon growth hormone utilizing serum triiodothyronine enhancement in rainbow trout to monitor biological activity. | growth hormone (gh) was isolated from sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) pituitary glands using established techniques of affinity and gel filtration chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the gh activity was followed throughout the fractionation procedure with a bioassay based on the increase of serum triiodothyronine (t3) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), measured by radioimmunoassay (ria). amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis and subsequent compariso ... | 1991 | 1808018 |
| location and characterization of growth hormone binding sites in the central nervous system of a teleost fish (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the binding of 125i-chinook salmon growth hormone (125i-sgh) to rainbow trout brain membranes was studied. specific binding was detected on telencephalon, thalamus-midbrain, cerebellum-medulla and hypothalamus. in all brain regions, specific binding was dependent on membrane protein concentration, being linear in the range of 250-2500 micrograms of membrane proteins (derived from 30-300 mg wet weight tissue). scatchard analysis evidenced a single class of high affinity (8.2 +/- 0.3-10 +/- 0.5 x ... | 1991 | 1842346 |
| site availability and density-dependent constraints on the acanthocephalan pomphorhynchus laevis in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | threshold density levels were investigated experimentally in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, for the acanthocephalan pomphorhynchus laevis. fifty small fish 120-150 mm long were infected with 50 cystacanths each every 4 weeks for 16 weeks, and samples of up to 10 fish examined at 1, 5, 9, 13 and 17 weeks after the original infection. the mean intestinal length was found to have increased significantly over this period, from a mean of 125 to 173 mm and the mean number of parasites recovered i ... | 1991 | 1866187 |
| ultrastructural observations and radiometric assay on cercarial penetration and migration of the digenean diplostomum spathaceum in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the entrance into host tissues by the cercaria of the digenean diplostomum spathaceum and the parasite's migration to the eyes of the fish host (post-penetration larvae) were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy at the ultrastructural level and by a radiometric assay in experimentally infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). it was demonstrated that cercariae penetrated the host surface at several sites, although the major site involved the gill region. this observation ... | 1991 | 1866417 |
| effect of sublethal concentrations of four chemicals on susceptibility of juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to saprolegniosis. | the effects of sublethal concentrations of a variety of chemicals on the susceptibility of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles to saprolegnia parasitica infection was examined. sublethal concentrations of un-ionized ammonia (0.05 mg/liter) and nitrite (0.12 mg/liter) increased fish susceptibility after 10 days of exposure to the toxin, this increase being higher for ammonia (75% and 20% morbidity) than for nitrite (20% and 0% morbidity, respectively) with inoculum doses of 1.4 x 10(6) ... | 1991 | 1872610 |
| the acute effects of alteration in the dietary concentrations of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid on plasma t4, t3, and glucose levels in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the acute (4 hr) postprandial effects of a single isocaloric meal varying in the proportions of either carbohydrate (c)/lipid (l), c/protein (p), or l/p on plasma levels of glucose, t4 (l-thyroxine) and t3 (3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine) were examined in rainbow trout starved for 3 days. relative to starved controls, plasma t3 was generally uninfluenced by feeding but was increased by diets containing the highest c/l and p/l ratios. plasma t4 was elevated only in instances where there was sufficien ... | 1991 | 1879659 |
| the development of a noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for oncorhynchid growth hormone using monoclonal antibodies. | the development of a sensitive and specific two-site, or sandwich, noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for oncorhynchid growth hormone (gh) using monoclonal antibodies (mcas) is reported. the mcas were generated by the fusion of myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice that had been immunized with chum salmon (oncorhynchus keta) recombinant gh. the mcas specifically recognized the gh-secreting acidophils in the proximal pars distalis of immature male rainbow trout (oncorhyn ... | 1991 | 1879674 |
| development and validation of a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) growth hormone. | this study describes the development of a highly specific and very sensitive radioimmunoassay for salmonid growth hormone. antiserum raised against chinook (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) gh2, which did not recognize 125i-sprl and 125i-sgth (at 1:1000 initial dilution), was able to inhibit growth when injected into rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). 125i-sgh2, used as tracer, was not recognized by anti-sgth or by anti-sprl. mammalian gh and acth and salmonid gth, tsh, and prl did not cross-react in ... | 1991 | 1879675 |
| osmoregulatory actions of insulin-like growth factor-i in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the ability of insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i), insulin and gh to promote hypoosmoregulatory ability was examined in juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). following adaptation to 12 parts per thousand (p.p.t.) seawater for 5 days, fish were given a single injection of hormone or vehicle, then exposed to 29 p.p.t. for 24 h and examined for changes in plasma osmolarity, ions and glucose. ovine gh (ogh; 0.2 micrograms/g) significantly improved the ability of rainbow trout to maintain p ... | 1991 | 1880479 |
| comparative toxicity of organotin compounds to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) yolk sac fry. | the comparative toxicity of various organotin compounds was investigated in early life stages of the rainbow trout. beginning with yolk sac fry, trout were continuously exposed for 110 days to tributyl- (tbtc), triphenyl- (tphtc) or tricyclohexyltin chloride (tchtc) at concentrations of 0.12-15 nm, to trimethyltin chloride (tmtc) at concentrations of 3-75 nm or to dibutyl- (dbtc) or diphenyltin chloride (dphtc) at 160-4000 nm. the diorganotin compounds dbtc and dphtc were about three orders of m ... | 1991 | 1882234 |
| the toxicity of chlorothalonil to aquatic fauna and the impact of its operational use on a pond ecosystem. | chlorothalonil is a fungicide whose heavy use in eastern canada gives it the potential for significant aquatic contamination. laboratory bioassays and field treatments of a pond system were undertaken to determine the toxic effects of chlorothalonil on aquatic fauna. the 96-h lc50 of technical chlorothalonil for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was 76 micrograms/l and was not significantly different (p less than 0.05) from that of the formulated product (bravo 500). the 96-h lc50 of bravo 500 ... | 1991 | 1898106 |
| response of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to the mono-ortho substituted polychlorinated pcb congener 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl, pcb-118, detected by enzyme activities and immunochemical methods. | the mono-ortho-substituted polychlorinated pcb congener 2,3',4,4',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb-118) was administered i.p. (30 mg/kg body weight) to gonadally immature rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), of both sexes. in liver microsomes prepared from fish killed 4 days after administration, the cytochrome p450-dependent monooxygenase activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod), aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (ahh), and aldrin epoxidase (ae) were measured. in addition, nadph-cytochrome c r ... | 1991 | 1907123 |
| stimulation of in vitro ovarian estradiol-17 beta synthesis in the rainbow trout by the carbohydrate-poor protein fraction from sockeye salmon pituitary glands. | the role of carbohydrate-poor (con a i) and carbohydrate-rich (con a ii) pituitary protein fractions, isolated from sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka), were investigated pertaining to in vitro estradiol-17 beta (e2) production by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ovarian follicles. during the early vitellogenic phase of the reproductive cycle, using defolliculated ovarian follicle preparations (outer epithelium-thecal layer absent), it was demonstrated that the con a i fraction was capable of ... | 1991 | 1911440 |
| measurement and prediction of digestible energy values in feedstuffs for the herbivorous fish tilapia (oreochromis niloticus linn.). | digestible energy (de) values were measured in a selection of feedstuffs for the tilapia (oreochromis niloticus linn.) and used to develop equations for predicting de values of a wider range of feedstuffs from chemical analyses. preliminary work examined the influences of substitution level in a reference diet and adaptation over time on de values for soya-bean meal. length of adaptation period significantly affected de values (p less than 0.01), but substitution level, over the range 200-600 g ... | 1991 | 1931904 |
| characterization of epidermal growth factor binding to hepatic plasma membranes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | epidermal growth factor (egf) is a potent mitogen which exerts its effects through a transmembrane receptor located on target cells. since little is known about egf in nonmammalian animals, experiments were conducted to characterize the egf receptor in rainbow trout hepatic cell membranes. the binding of mouse egf with rainbow trout receptors was peptide-specific, saturable, reversible, and of high affinity. optimal binding was observed at ph 7.2. both monovalent and divalent cations augmented t ... | 1991 | 1936915 |
| the effects of thyroid hormones and starvation on hepatic mitochondrial nucleic acids of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | twenty four hours after an intraperitoneal injection of thyroxine (t4; 4.4, 44 ng/g body wt) or triiodothyronine (t3; 3.3, 33 ng/g body wt), dna and rna were significantly reduced in isolated liver mitochondria of rainbow trout. total liver dna was increased with the higher doses in both t4- and t3-injected specimens while total rna was significantly reduced with the same doses. total circulating plasma t4 was reduced with the injections of t3 or starvation, and plasma t3 was increased severalfo ... | 1991 | 1936929 |
| studies on the infectivity of diplostomum spathaceum in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the infectivity of diplostomum spathaceum (digenea: trematoda) cercariae to rainbow trout and the efficacy of the diplostomule migration to the lens following different routes of administration was examined. the optimum age of infectivity for cercariae was between 0-5 h after liberation from the snail and for intraperitoneally injected diplostomules, 5 h post-transformation in vitro through fish skin. after exposure of the entire fish body or head to cercariae, metacercariae first appeared in th ... | 1991 | 1940246 |
| a comparison of hepatic p450 induction in rat and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): delineation of the site of resistance of fish to phenobarbital-type inducers. | 1. a comprehensive approach was taken to delineate the site of refractivity of trout to phenobarbital-type (pb-type) hepatic monoxygenase (mo) inducers. 2. model inducers beta-naphthoflavone (bnf; 3-mc-type), and pb as well as the polychlorinated biphenyl isomers, 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (3,4,5-hcb; 3-mc-type) and 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (2,4,5-hcb; pb-type) were used to assess mo activities, total cytochromes p450, and [35s]-methionine incorporation into de novo synthesized ... | 1990 | 1980437 |
| in vitro responses of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) somatotrophs to carp growth hormone-releasing factor (grf) and somatostatin. | to study the hypothalamic control of growth hormone (gh) release in lower vertebrates, we employed an in vitro technique using a monolayer cell culture system of rainbow trout pituitary glands. two newly purified carp brain growth hormone-releasing factors, carp grf(1-45) and carp grf(1-29), and synthetic somatostatin-14 (sst-14) were applied to the cultured pituitary cells. the results indicate that: (1) the carp grfs had a dose-related potency in stimulating growth hormone release. the dose of ... | 1990 | 1981568 |
| isolation and characterization of the major glycosphingolipids from the liver of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): identification of an abundant source of 9-o-acetyl gd3. | the carbohydrate structures of the major glycosphingolipids from the liver of the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss have been examined. we have isolated and identified four major neutral (glucosylceramide, galactosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and globoside) and five acidic (sulfatide, gm3, gm2, gd1a, and 9-o-acetyl gd3) glycosphingolipids from trout liver. they have been characterized by 1h nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, methylation analysis, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, a ... | 1991 | 1989525 |
| effects of cortisol on aspects of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine metabolism in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | aspects of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) metabolism were studied in fed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) held at 11.5-14 degrees and intraperitoneally implanted with hydrogenated corn oil (controls) or oil containing cortisol. cortisol implants caused dose-related plasma cortisol elevations within the physiological range for 2-3 weeks, loss in body weight, and depression in plasma t3 and free t3 index with no consistent change in plasma thyroxine (t4) or free t4 index. plasma t3 clearance r ... | 1991 | 2019395 |
| presence of specific growth hormone binding sites in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) tissues: characterization of the hepatic receptor. | the present work outlines the presence of specific binding for chinook salmon growth hormone (sgh) in different tissue preparations of rainbow trout. optimal incubation conditions (ph, tris, mgcl2) were determined. specific binding was very sensitive to salt concentration during incubation. the specific binding reached a plateau after 15 and 25 hr of incubation at 12 and 4 degrees. at 20 degrees, specific and nonspecific binding were not stable. specific binding dissociation was slower than asso ... | 1991 | 2026319 |
| opsonizing activity of anti-aeromonas salmonicida antibodies after inactivation of complement in rainbow trout. | young rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were immunized with killed aeromonas salmonicida, bled 5 wk later, and tested for the presence of serum agglutinins. the positive antisera were pooled and fractionated in a ultrogel aca 34 column. seven fractions were collected and concentrated. the higher agglutinin titres were found in the 2nd fraction, which also contained igm revealed by immunoelectrophoresis. the 7 fractions were heated for 30 min at 45 degrees c to inactivate the complement system, ... | 1991 | 2042906 |
| nonspecific cytotoxic cells of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) kill yac-1 targets by both necrotic and apoptic mechanisms. | nonspecific cytotoxic cells (ncc) have been identified in a number of fish species and are thought to be evolutionary progenitors of mammalian natural killer cells. we show here that trout ncc are functionally similar to cytotoxic cells of higher vertebrates in that they mediate cytotoxicity through both mechanisms of apoptosis and necrosis. to demonstrate that trout ncc inflict apoptic and necrotic lesions in tumor target cells, dna fragmentation and 51chromium release assays were conducted usi ... | 1991 | 2060685 |
| effect of lernaea cyprinacea (crustacea: copepoda) on stocked rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | prevalence, intensity and pathogenesis of lernaea cyprinacea (anchorworm) in stocked rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings were monitored annually for 4 yr (1981 to 1984) in east canyon reservoir, utah (usa). anchorworms were first detected in midsummer each year and were most abundant in the fall. the mean parasite intensity was highest in october 1982 (19 anchorworms per fish); in other years, maximum density was 7 to 9. the dorsal and caudal areas of the fish were the most heavily p ... | 1991 | 2067042 |
| monoclonal antibodies to salmonid immunoglobulin: characterization and applicability in immunoassays. | monoclonal antibodies to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) igm were prepared and characterized for use in immunoassays. antibodies produced by the five clones reacted with the heavy chain of the immunoglobulin. no indication of different heavy chain isotype specificity was observed for the mabs. one clone discerned igm from rainbow trout while the other four clones cross-reacted with igm from atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and from brown trout (salmo trutta). the monoclonal antibodies identifie ... | 1990 | 2086271 |
| species-specific accumulation of the polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl in fish brain: a comparison between cod (gadus morhua) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1990 | 2127636 | |
| [parasitism in fishes and human riverside communities of the huillinco and natri lakes (great island of chiloé), chile]. | in april and december 1989, 35 fish from lake huillinco (42 degrees 48's, 74 degrees 02'w) and 36 fish from lake natri (42 degrees 48's, 73 degrees 50'w), in the great island of chiloé (chile) were examined. coprological samples from 159 persons, 17 dogs, 19 pigs and 4 cats from around both lakes were examined for diphyllobothrium spp. infection. in the lake huillinco the following helminths of fishes were determined: contracaecum sp. and hysterothylacium sp. in salmo trutta, cauque mauleanum an ... | 1990 | 2152358 |
| carcinogenic and genotoxic activity of extracts from contaminated sediments in western lake ontario. | in order to investigate the putative association between chemical contamination in western lake ontario and high prevalences of fish tumors, sediments from hamilton harbour and oakville creek in lake ontario and reference sites in non-polluted areas of ontario, canada were collected and extracted for organic contaminants. sediment extracts from hamilton harbour had the highest concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine insecticides (ppb) and contained very high concentrations ... | 1990 | 2163105 |
| immunosuppressive effect of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the infectivity of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) mononuclear leukocyte subpopulations was investigated to determine the mechanisms of immunosuppression caused by the virus. ipnv was recovered from nylon wool-adherent, surface immunoglobulin (ig)-positive leukocytes of head kidney, spleen and peripheral blood collected from virus-inoculated fish with higher titers than non-adherent, ig-negative cells. non-adherent cell population showed mitoge ... | 1990 | 2177807 |