Publications

leishmania in phlebotomid sandflies. iv. the transmission of leishmania mexicana amazonensis to hamsters by the bite of experimentally infected lutzomyia longipalpis.		1977	15270
leishmania in phlebotomid sandflies. vii. on the taxonomic status of leishmania peruviana, causative agent of peruvian 'uta', as indicated by its development in the sandfly, lutzomyia longipalpis.	the name leishmania peruviana was given by velez (1913) to the parasite responsible for a form of cutaneous leishmaniasis known as 'uta'; this disease occurs in the peruvian andes. clinical similarities between uta and 'oriental sore', which is caused by leishmania tropica of the eastern hemisphere, have, however, led to the suggestion that uta is simply due to l. tropica, which was introduced into latin america by african slaves or european immigrants. leishmania species are divisible into thre ...	1979	43976
leishmania in phlebotomid sandflies. iii. the ultrastructure of leishmania mexicana amazonensis in the midgut and pharynx of lutzomyia longipalpis.		1975	240164
factors affecting egg production of laboratory-bred lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).		1979	541814
the feeding habits of laboratory-bred lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).		1978	633293
some methods for membrane feeding of laboratory reared, neotropical sandflies (diptera: psychodidae).	a brief introduction to the history and applications of membrane feeding is given, together with its use to feed and infect sandflies with leishmania. the present paper describes methods for feeding lutzomyia longipalpis and lu. flaviscutellata through membranes. of the membranes tested, chick skins and bat wings gave the best results. membranes stored at -20 degrees c for over a year were found to be less effective than fresh ones. blood meals were maintained at temperatures between 24 degrees ...	1978	666397
the establishment, maintenance and productivity of a laboratory colony of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).		1977	845881
experimental transmission of leishmania chagasi, causative agent of neotropical visceral leishmaniasis, by the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis.		1977	859627
[new finding of phlebotom uses in the state of são paulo with special reference to lutzomyia longipalpis].		1976	945607
proceedings: demonstration of giant chromosomes in the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz and neiva, 1912).		1975	1216303
field and laboratory evidence for multiple bloodfeeding by lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).		1992	1421490
host preferences of the phlebotomine sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis in amazonian brazil.	experiments were undertaken to determine the relative attractiveness of humans, dogs and chickens to lutzomyia longipalpis, the principal vector of leishmania chagasi causing american visceral leishmaniasis. field experiments in two villages on marajó island, pará state, brazil, showed that one boy attracted significantly more flies than one dog or chicken, and slightly fewer flies than a group of six chickens. experiments with laboratory-bred female flies showed that a significantly greater num ...	1992	1421498
the thigmotropic oviposition response of the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) to crevices.	two experiments were carried out to investigate if lutzomyia longipalpis would be attracted and stimulated to lay eggs in crevices. in the first experiment, females were introduced into a chamber and offered the choice of oviposition in a test site consisting of artificial crevices, and an open control site. significantly more eggs were laid in the crevices of the test site than in the control site. in the second experiment, females were individually isolated in vials containing vertically place ...	1992	1463365
laboratory observations on mating and leklike aggregations in lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).	the mating behavior of the sand fly, lutzomyia longipalpis, was studied under laboratory conditions. male sand flies landed on the bodies of anesthetized mice, where they exhibited leklike displays such as wing fanning, parading, and aggression. lek behavior was more frequent in older males, and dominance hierarchies were established. male sand flies at leks copulated more frequently than male sand flies at other locations in the cage. females mated by older males produced more eggs than did fem ...	1992	1495025
trans-beta-farnesene as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).	the aphid alarm pheromone, trans-beta-farnesene (tbf), was found to stimulate feeding in both male and female lutzomyia longipalpis lutz & neiva. four other structurally related compounds (farnesol; 808 farnesene; trans, trans-farnesyl acetate; farnesyl methyl ether) were slightly less stimulating to these insects. the effect of tbf varied with sand fly age and the concentration of the chemical used. in contrast, tbf did not stimulate feeding in either sex of four other sand fly species (l. shan ...	1992	1495034
oviposition attractants and stimulants for the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).	oviposition preferences of lutzomyia longipalpis lutz & neiva for surfaces containing frass (colony remains), larval rearing medium, and rabbit feces were investigated in the laboratory. in oviposition choice chambers, significantly more eggs were laid on sites containing frass, larval rearing medium, or rabbit feces than on untreated control sites. experiments using unwashed and washed materials indicated, for the first time, the presence of chemical oviposition attractants or stimulants or bot ...	1992	1552528
[a new case of autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis in bolivia].	a sixth autochthonous case of visceral leishmaniasis is reported in bolivia. it is also the fourth case detected in the yungas valley (department of la paz) confirming the long-term existence of the disease in this area where cases of canine leishmaniasis and natural infestation of the phlebotomine sandfly, lutzomyia longipalpis, were previously reported.	1991	1665056
retrotransposons and evolution in phlebotomines.	the polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify a segment of the reverse transcriptase (rt) gene of putative retrotransposons from phlebotomus (larroussius) perniciosus, p. (l.) perfiliewi, p. (phlebotomus) papatasi and lutzomyia (lutzomyia) longipalpis. based on amino acid sequence comparisons with known rt genes, the amplified products of these species were shown to be derived from non-ltr retrotransposons related to the f element of drosophila melanogaster. the usefulness of this technique ...	1991	1726736
maxadilan. cloning and functional expression of the gene encoding this potent vasodilator peptide.	maxadilan is a potent vasodilator peptide released into the skin when the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis, an important vector of leishmania, probes for a blood meal. as several lines of evidence suggest that this peptide may play a critical role in the enhancement of leishmania infectivity attributed to sand fly saliva, the peptide has been proposed as a candidate antigen for a leishmanial vaccine. although maxadilan is the most potent vasodilator peptide known and shares several properties with ...	1992	1730635
response of the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis to an oviposition pheromone associated with conspecific eggs.	response of female lutzomyia longipalpis lutz & neiva (diptera: psychodidae) to an oviposition attractant and/or stimulant associated with conspecific eggs was investigated in the laboratory. females of two populations laid significantly higher mean number of eggs on sites with 160 eggs already present than on bare control sites. this response was lost when eggs placed on test sites were previously washed in organic solvents and distilled water. age of eggs placed on test sites, 1-6 days after b ...	1991	1768905
entomopathogens of phlebotomine sand flies: laboratory experiments and natural infections.	the susceptibility of different geographical strains of phlebotomus papatasi to a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) was determined experimentally by feeding polyhedra to larvae. of the indian p. papatasi, 15.6% became infected, whereas egyptian p. papatasi were mostly refractory. infection rates were not augmented in colony flies from the jordan valley, 23.8% of which were naturally infected with cpv. the infectivity of serratia marcescens and beauvaria bassiana to p. papatasi were determined ...	1991	1783777
changes in sex ratio during attempts to establish a laboratory colony of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).	after the discovery of "one spot" and "two spot" male lutzomyia longipalpis in the same dog's kennel, attempts were made to establish laboratory colonies of the two forms. pure lines of the two forms were not obtained and various "intermediate" males were recorded. interbreeding between the two populations probably occurs in nature but appears precarious. in one colonization attempt a change in sex ratio was noted from the 7th generation onwards and only females emerged in the 11th generation.	1991	1841203
mating behaviour between different lines of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).	homologous and heterologous crosses were made between laboratory-reared lutzomyia longipalpis. one line of insects originated from para state and the other from minas gerais. homologous matings showed that the two lines behaved differently before and during coition and that a mixture of the two behaviour patterns occurred in heterologous crossings.	1991	1841205
methods of reducing ascogregarina chagasi parasitaemia in laboratory colonies of lutzomyia longipalpis.	ascogregarina chagasi is an aseptate gregarine parasite found naturally in populations of lutzomyia longipalpis. under intensive rearing conditions in the laboratory, the parasite is known to reduce longevity and egg production, therefore, it is thought to be a major contributing factor to the phenomenon of colony crashes. a study is described to test egg cleansing techniques, with a view to controlling this parasite in laboratory colonies. methods used include washing eggs with formol, benzalko ...	1991	1841206
chemical factors controlling oviposition of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).	in choice chambers, lutzomyia longipalpis females were attracted and/or stimulated to lay eggs on sites containing hexane extracts of conspecific eggs, a result which supported previous findings on the presence of an oviposition pheromone on the eggs. gas chromatography analysis of hexane extracts of the eggs demonstrated the presence of several compounds, of which cholesterol and squalene were identified. cholesterol and squalene did not, however, induce an oviposition attraction and/or stimula ...	1991	1841210
vectors of leishmaniases in venezuela.	information on the vectors of leishmaniases in venezuela is reviewed and updated. lutzomyia longipalpis is considered the vector of visceral leishmaniasis. lutzomyia ovallesi of the northcentral area is the only human feeding species from which parasites have been isolated and typed as leishmania braziliensis. in the andean region there is strong evidence that lu. youngi is the vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis but the parasites require further identification. lutzomyia spinicrassa may be respon ...	1991	1841212
gas-chromatographic analysis of lutzomyia longipalpis tergal pheromone gland extract.	lutzomyia longipalpis is the vector of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in south america. previous gas-chromatographic (gc) analyses of tergal gland extracts of lu. longipalpis have demonstrated two distinct pheromone types. these have been classified as a farnesene/homofarnesene type compound and a diterpene type compound. gc analysis of tergal gland extracts of lu. longipalpis from other areas of south america demonstrates that there may be other different pheromone producing forms of this sandfly. ...	1991	1841219
recent advances in laboratory mass rearing of phlebotomine sand flies.	recent technical and procedural advances in mass rearing of sand flies have resulted in larger, healthier, and less labor-intensive colonies. we now maintain closed colonies of phlebotomus papatasi, p. duboscqi, p. argentipes, and lutzomyia longipalpis which produce up to 1,000 females per week, in excess of colony-maintenance requirements, for use in research. advances include larval food preparation in acrylic-plastic incubator cabinets, strict regulation of food quantity and moisture in 500-m ...	1991	1841228
the pupa of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae--phlebotominae).		1991	1841247
pheromones in mate choice and sexual isolation between siblings of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera:psychodidae).	pheromone-disc contact experiments are described in which different populations of the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis from brazil were exposed to each others male pheromone extracts. the jacobina population reacted only to the conspecific pheromone. the sobral 2s population, however, would respond to the pheromone of jacobina males, but if given a choice showed a preference for conspecific extract. mate choice experiments are also described using sandflies of two pheromone types from sobral. one ...	1967	1841255
the presence of fructose in wild-caught lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera:psychodidae).		1991	1842392
distinctions between promastigotes of leishmania species developing in the digestive tract of laboratory reared lutzomyia longipalpis.	female lutzomyia longipalpis were exposed to infection by three different species/strains of leishmania. when the insects were dissected four days after exposure, stained preparations were made of the flagellates contained in the digestive tract. using traditional morphometric methods, l. amazonensis, l. guyanensis and an unnamed species of the mexicana complex could be distinguished from one another.	1991	1842403
a study of sandfly species (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) in a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the municipality of baturité, ceará, brazil.	in a study on putative vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in baturité, ceará state, brazil, six sandfly species were identified: lutzomyia longipalpis, l. wellcomei, l. peresi, l. whitmani, l. shannoni and l. migonei. in general l. whitmani and l. migonei were the predominant species. they were collected in periodomiciliary areas and were attracted by man and equines. l. whitmani was the most anthropophilic species. studies using animals as bait showed that blood-feeding occurs throughout the ni ...	1991	1842431
host-parasite relationships of ascogregarina chagasi (eugregarinorida, aseptatorina, lecudinidae) in lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).	the life cycle of ascogregarina chagasi in larvae and in adult female lutzomyia longipalpis was studied by light and electron microscopy. sporozoites and young gamonts were attached to the epithelial lining of the larval midgut via an osmiophilic contact zone. the mucron of young gamonts was bordered by an invaginated pellicular fold, and an electron-opaque vesicular structure was observed adjacent to it. sporozoites possessed an apical complex and were bound by a double membrane with underlying ...	1991	1904054
analysis of enhancing effect of sand fly saliva on leishmania infection in mice.	salivary gland lysates of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis markedly enhance the course of infection with leishmania major in mice. here we examine various parameters of this phenomenon. the exacerbative effect of l. longipalpis salivary gland lysates occurred in five different mouse strains; however, the character of the effect varied from one strain to another. consistent exacerbation of infection was achieved with as little as 1/10 of a gland. the exacerbative effect applied to more than one ...	1991	2019430
isolation of maxadilan, a potent vasodilatory peptide from the salivary glands of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis.	blood feeding by the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis is aided by the presence of a vasodilator in its salivary glands. this novel vasodilator has been isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. ten nanograms of the vasodilator are present in the extract of a pair of sand fly salivary glands. it has 500 times the vasodilatory activity of calcitonin gene-related peptide, previously the most potent vasodilator peptide known. this novel peptide is thus called maxadilan.	1991	2040631
susceptibility of laboratory-reared female lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) to infection by different species and strains of leishmania ross, 1903.	a study was undertaken to compare the susceptibility of laboratory-reared female lutzomyia longipalpis to infection by different species or strains of new world leishmania. the sand flies proved to be highly susceptible to infection by a strain of le. guyanensis, with flagellates developing in all (18/18) of the specimens examined. a lower infection rate of 37% (10/27) was recorded in flies exposed to infection by a strain of le. amazonensis. flagellates developed in 13% (6/46) of the sand flies ...	1990	2152197
amazonian visceral leishmaniasis--distribution of the vector lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) in relation to the fox cerdocyon thous (linn.) and the efficiency of this reservoir host as a source of infection.		1990	2215228
studies on sandfly fauna (diptera: psychodidae) in a foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in mesquita, rio de janeiro state, brazil.	in a study on vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in mesquita, rio de janeiro state, brazil, eleven species of sandflies were found: lutzomyia longipalpis, l. fischeri, l. quinquefer, l. intermedia, l. whitmani, l. shannoni, l. cortelezzii, l. edwardsi, l. migonei, l. lanei and l. firmatoi. lutzomyia intermedia was the predominant species. it was collected indoors but in much higher numbers outdoors, in the close vicinity of houses. in comparative captures it was found to feed more frequently on ...	1990	2215232
response of female sandflies (lutzomyia longipalpis) to pheromone-baited sticky traps in the laboratory.	response of virgin female lutzomyia longipalpis lutz & nevia (diptera: psychodidae), contained in a 60-cm3 net cage, to sticky traps was significantly greater when the traps were baited with extract of male pheromone glands. results confirm that the response of females to male pheromone does not necessarily depend upon the presence of a host.	1990	2331175
histology and ultrastructure of pheromone secreting glands in males of the phlebotomine sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis.	well-defined pheromone-producing glands are present on the third and fourth abdominal segments of male lutzomyia longipalpis. each gland consists of numerous large secretory cells. the individual cells have a complicated 'end-apparatus' and central reservoir which are connected directly to the exterior via a small chitinized duct. this is the first ultrastructural study of pheromone secreting cells of diptera.	1990	2331176
laboratory response of female lutzomyia longipalpis sandflies to a host and male pheromone source over distance.	a nylon net cage (260 x 40 x 40 cm) provided with unidirectional air flow was used to demonstrate the response of female sandflies, lutzomyia longipalpis lutz & neiva (diptera: psychodidae) to a host and extract of male pheromone glands over a distance of 240 cm. females responded more rapidly and in greater numbers to the host if male pheromone was present. results suggest that one function of the pheromone may be to attract females from some distance to a common mating site, on or near the hos ...	1989	2519666
[impact of the spraying of deltamethrin in a focus of leishmaniasis in bolivia].	after one month of entomological observations to record pretreatment data, a sub andean village of yungas, bolivia (alt. 1500 m) was sprayed at the beginning of the rainy season (january 1987). houses were treated inside and outside with deltamethrin at 0.025 g/sq.m.; kennels, hen-houses and stacks of adobe were also sprayed in the same way. as a result of the treatment, lutzomyia longipalpis, the local vector of visceral leishmaniasis, disappeared from houses and animal shelters for 9 and 10 mo ...	1989	2610530
epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in colombia.	epidemiologic studies were conducted during the period 1986-1988 in a small rural community in colombia (el callejon) where visceral leishmaniasis is highly endemic. in this community of 185 people, 14 cases of infantile visceral leishmaniasis were diagnosed in the 9 years 1981-1988. leishmanin skin testing of a sample of the human residents showed that prevalence of leishmania chagasi infection increased with age; overall, 51.2% of the subjects had a positive reaction. a canine surveillance pro ...	1989	2729506
an immune response-dependent mechanism for the vertical transmission of an entomopathogen.	an exceptionally efficient mechanism for the vertical transmission of a parasitic gregarine is dependent on the insect host's immune response. gametocysts of ascogregarina chagasi on the genital accessory glands of adult female sand flies (lutzomyia longipalpis) become encapsulated through hemocyte-mediated immune reactions. oocysts of a. chagasi, ejected into the lumen of the glands owing to pressure exerted by this capsule, become glued to eggshells and are subsequently ingested by larvae. in ...	1989	2759214
experimental infection of old and new world phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) with ascogregarina chagasi (eugregarinorida: lecudinidae).	the aseptate gregarine, ascogregarina chagasi (adler and mayrink), found in a colombian strain of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz and neiva), was fed to the larvae of seven species of laboratory-bred sand flies: phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli), p. argentipes annandale and brunetti, p. perniciosus newstead, l. serrana (damasceno and arouck), l. abonnenci (floch and chassignet), l. columbiana (ristorcelli and van ty), and a gregarine-free brazilian strain of l. longipalpis. trophozoites of the gregarin ...	1989	2769700
a novel vasodilatory peptide from the salivary glands of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis.	salivary gland lysates of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis contain a potent vasodilator that aids the fly to feed on the blood of its vertebrate hosts. chromatographic analysis, antibody reactivity, and data obtained from bioassays of the salivary erythema-inducing factor indicate striking similarity with human calcitonin gene-related peptide. the erythema-inducing factor is, however, at least one order of magnitude more potent than calcitonin gene-related peptide.	1989	2783496
ultrastructural development of leishmania chagasi in its vector, lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).	the development of leishmania chagasi, etiologic agent of american visceral leishmaniasis, was studied by light and electron microscopy in the gut of the sand fly, lutzomyia longipalpis, a natural vector. new aspects of suprapylarian leishmania behavior were elucidated. in the sand fly midgut, amastigotes transformed into promastigotes (division promastigote i) during a first division sequence within the bloodmeal. secondary division of these promastigotes resulted in a second form (division pro ...	1989	2802019
blood-finding strategy of a capillary-feeding sandfly, lutzomyia longipalpis.	salivary gland homogenates of adult female lutzomyia longipalpis inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adp and collagen. apyrase (atp diphosphohydrolase) activity was prominent, requiring ca2+ but not mg2+ and a ph optimum of 8.0. human as well as rabbit hosts developed a well delimited erythema, evident 2-3 min after initial probing and lasting for as long as 2 days. erythema, not accompanied by itching or swelling, developed in previously exposed hosts as well as in those not previously ex ...	1986	2870860
chemical analysis of compounds extracted from the tergal "spots" of lutzomyia longipalpis from brazil.	the chemical composition of the compounds contained in the tergal spots of lutzomyia longipalpis was investigated. four populations of l. longipalpis were examined, originating from: sobral, ceará, brazil (one spot and two spot populations), santarém, pará, brazil (one spot) and marajó island, pará, brazil (one spot). the tergal spots were dissected out, extracted in hexane and analysed on a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. two compounds were found, identical to compounds found in earlier st ...	1986	2877553
natural infection of humans, animals, and phlebotomine sand flies with the alagoas serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus in colombia.	five isolations of the alagoas serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (rhabdoviridae: vesiculovirus) were made from naturally infected phlebotomine sand flies (lutzomyia spp.) collected in colombia. these are the first isolations of alagoas virus from an arthropod. replication of the virus occurred in laboratory-reared sand flies (lutzomyia longipalpis) after inoculation. bite and transovarial transmission of the virus was also demonstrated in experimentally infected sand flies. alagoas virus ne ...	1987	3034087
susceptibility of lutzomyia longipalpis to deltamethrin.		2012	3271938
salivary gland lysates from the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis enhance leishmania infectivity.	leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. the role of sand fly saliva in transmission of the disease was investigated by injecting mice with leishmania major parasites in the presence of homogenized salivary glands from lutzomyia longipalpis. this procedure resulted in cutaneous lesions of leishmania major that were routinely five to ten times as large and contained as much as 5000 times as many parasites as controls. with inocula consisting of low numbers of l ...	1988	3344436
feeding-site selection of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) on mice infected with leishmania mexicana amazonensis.		1988	3404541
observations on the development of leishmania (l.) chagasi cunha and chagas in the midgut of the sandfly vector lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz and neiva).	previous observations have shown that forms of leishmania, infective to hamsters, are present in the midgut of experimentally infected sandflies from 15-221 hours after the infective bloodmeal. in a continuation of these studies, stained smears of the midgut contents of lutzomyia longipalpis infected with leishmania (l.) chagasi, made at intervals between 15-120 hours, revealed two lines of parasite development. one of these is the direct transformation of small, non-dividing amastigotes into ve ...	1988	3421641
a practical method for mass breeding of sandflies in the laboratory: lutzomyia intermedia (lutz & neiva, 1912) and lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) (diptera, psychodidae).		2003	3507576
destruction of leishmania mexicana amazonensis promastigotes by normal human serum.	fresh normal human serum was observed to have a lethal effect on leishmania mexicana amazonensis promastigotes obtained from laboratory-bred lutzomyia longipalpis or on promastigotes grown in liquid culture medium, inoculated with the same isolates. heat inactivation abolished the leishmania lytic activity from the sera. resistance of culture promastigotes to lysis by normal human serum was investigated in three isolates of l. m. amazonensis. development of resistance (up to 7%) was found in onl ...	1987	3605505
[biology of lutzomyia intermedia lutz & neiva, 1912 and lutzomyia longipalpis lutz & neiva, 1912 (diptera, psychodidae), under experimental conditions. i. feeding aspects of larvae and adults].	to improve our knowledge on the breeding and behaviour of sandflies in captivity, we established closed colonies of lutzomyia intermedia and lutzomyia longipalpis. data are here presented on the feeding preferences of larvae and adults and their influence on the development and survival of each species. fish food is accepted by the larvae of both species; it is easily available, unexpensive and does not encourage the growth of fungi. the larvae of both species, in all stages accepted food of veg ...	1986	3613978
a method for the purification of leishmania promastigotes from infected phlebotomine sandflies.	we describe a method for the purification of leishmania promastigotes, isolated from infected sandflies (lutzomyia longipalpis) using a discontinuous density centrifugation gradient (percoll/homem). the sandflies, infected seven days previously with leishmania donovani chagasi or leishmania mexicana mexicana from culture, were homogenized and centrifuged on a percoll discontinuous gradient. five interface bands were formed, and most of the promastigotes settled out at the interface between the ( ...	1987	3675038
detection and enumeration of leishmania in sand flies using agar-based media.	an agar plating technique was used to determine the number of amastigotes ingested by lutzomyia longipalpis fed on papules on mesocricetus auratus caused by leishmania mexicana amazonensis and on lesions on mystromys albicaudatus caused by leishmania braziliensis panamensis. the technique involved homogenizing sand flies after bloodfeeding on the infected animals and spreading the homogenate over the surface of agar plates. a great variation in the number of amastigotes ingested by individual sa ...	1987	3688307
leishmaniasis in brazil. xxii: characterization of leishmania from man, dogs and the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) isolated during an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in santarém, pará state.	during epidemiological studies on an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in santarém, pará state, north brazil, isolates of leishmania from two children, three dogs and six naturally infected specimens of the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis were compared, biochemically, by starch-gel enzyme electrophoresis. they have proved to be indistinguishable from each other, and from a reference strain of leishmania chagasi cunha & chagas, 1937 from a case of human visceral leishmaniasis from bahia state, nor ...	1986	3726975
genetic isolating mechanisms between different forms of the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).		1986	3752826
experimental infection of lutzomyia longipalpis fed on a patient with cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania mexicana amazonensis.		1986	3796279
the retained capacity of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) to transmit leishmania chagasi (cunha & chagas) after eight years (64 generations) in a closed laboratory colony.	a closed lutzomyia longipalpis colony, from ceará has been used to transmit leishmania chagasi isolated from a fox in pará state. the last time this colony was successfully used in similar transmission experiments was eight years (64 generations) ago indicating that this colony of lu. longipalpis has fully maintained its vectorial capacity in spite of such a long period of maintainance in the laboratory.	1985	3837170
flagellates in the malpighian tubules of laboratory-bred lutzomyia longipalpis fed on a hamster experimentally infected with leishmania mexicana amazonensis.	as a preparatory stage for a study aiming at identifying the species and subspecies of local leishmania in naturally infected sandflies through immunoradiometric assay with monoclonal antibodies, we tried to obtain experimental infections of phlebotomines with well characterized stocks of parasites, in order to test the effectiveness of the method.	1985	3837172
mechanical transmission of rift valley fever virus by hematophagous diptera.	experimental studies were conducted to determine if hematophagous diptera were capable of mechanical transmission of rift valley fever (rvf) virus to laboratory animals. all species tested (glossina morsitans, aedes aegypti, aedes taeniorhynchus, culex pipiens, stomoxys calcitrans, lutzomyia longipalpis, and culicoides variipennis) mechanically transmitted the virus to hamsters. mechanical transmission rates for g. morsitans ranged from 0-100%, with the probability of mechanical transmission pos ...	1985	3970308
leishmaniasis in brazil. xxi. visceral leishmaniasis in the amazon region and further observations on the role of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) as the vector.	further evidence is presented incriminating the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis as the vector of leishmania chagasi, the causative agent of american visceral leishmaniasis, in the amazon region of brazil. during an outbreak of the disease in santarém, pará state, this insect was shown to be the only species of sandfly consistently present in and around the patient's homes, where it often occurred in very large numbers. of 491 specimens dissected, 35 (7.14%) proved to be infected, and isolates of l ...	1985	4002291
leishmaniasis in bolivia. i. lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) as the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in los yungas.	a relatively high leishmanial infection rate was found in the phlebotomine sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis collected from three villages of the los yungas region (department of la paz, bolivia). 2,578 female sandflies were dissected. in three houses surveyed in santa barbara promastigote infection rates of lu. longipalpis were 4.2, 2.2 and 3.2% respectively. anatomical localization of the infection in the insect, and biochemical characterization of the strains indicate that the parasite belongs to ...	1985	4002292
development of infective stage leishmania promastigotes within phlebotomine sand flies.	midgut promastigotes were obtained from phlebotomus papatasi and lutzomyia longipalpis on days 3-7 after infection with cloned isolates of leishmania major and leishmania mexicana amazonensis, respectively, and examined as to their ability to initiate cutaneous infections in balb/c mice. sequential development of midgut promastigotes from a noninfective to an infective stage was confirmed for both the new world and old world species. the generation of infective promastigotes from rapidly dividin ...	1985	4039899
chemical analysis of the abdominal glands of two forms of lutzomyia longipalpis: site of a possible sex pheromone?		2014	4096569
a laboratory culture of lutzomyia longipalpis.		1973	4801753
[the finding of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz and neiva, 1912) in the state of são paulo, brazil. report].		1970	5528214
studies on the biology of phleboviruses in sand flies (diptera: psychodidae). i. experimental infection of the vector.	this paper describes a series of experiments which were done to determine the behavior of 14 different phleboviruses in laboratory-reared sand flies (phlebotomus papatasi, p. perniciosus and lutzomyia longipalpis) after oral and parenteral infection. most of the viruses replicated in the sand flies after intrathoracic inoculation; however, the insects were quite refractory to oral infection. six of 11 phleboviruses tested were transovarially transmitted in one or more sand fly species. the perce ...	1984	6091466
carajas and maraba viruses, two new vesiculoviruses isolated from phlebotomine sand flies in brazil.	two new rhabdoviruses, designated carajas and maraba, are described. both were isolated from phlebotomine sand flies (lutzomyia spp.) collected in the amazon basin of brazil. one recovery of carajas virus was made from male sand flies. by complement-fixation and neutralization tests both agents were shown to be members of the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) serogroup (genus vesiculovirus). the pathogenicity of the two viruses in mice and vero cells is similar to that of vsv-indiana and vsv-new ...	1984	6091472
the susceptibility of the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva), diptera, phlebotomidae, to laboratory infection with bluetongue virus.	bluetongue virus multiplied in the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis after intrathoracic inoculation but not after oral ingestion of virus. the level of virus multiplication was lower than that observed in similar experiments with the north american vector of bluetongue, culicoides variipennis. inoculated sandflies did not transmit virus after 6 to 9 days incubation at 25 degrees c. it is unlikely that l. longipalpis would be important in the maintenance of bluetongue virus in the wild.	1980	6247994
the susceptibility of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz and neiva), diptera, psychodidae, to artificial infection with three viruses of the phlebotomus fever group.		1980	6257191
detection of promastigote stage-specific antigens on leishmania mexicana amazonensis developing in the midgut of lutzomyia longipalpis.	previously described monoclonal antibodies ix-if9-d8, ix-2h7-e10 and ix-5h9-c1 recognize promastigote stage-specific determinants present on externally exposed membrane proteins of axenically cultured leishmania mexicana amazonensis. in the present study, these antigens were demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence to be present on promastigotes found in the gut lumen of infected lutzoymia longipalpis. the presence of these antigens on promastigotes found in infected sandflies suggests that t ...	1983	6359907
blood leukocyte response in hosts parasitized by the hematophagous arthropods triatoma protracta and lutzomyia longipalpis.	the kinetics of peripheral blood basophil and eosinophil responses in guinea pigs to multiple infestation by nymphal and adult triatoma protracta (vessel feeder) and adult lutzomyia longipalpis (pool feeder) were examined. hosts exhibited significant blood basophil and eosinophil responses to feeding by both arthropods. basophilia was slow to develop and mild in intensity following primary triatoma infestation but exhibited immediate anamnestic-type responses to secondary infestation, with marke ...	1984	6375409
leishmanial infections in lutzomyia longipalpis and lu. antunesi (diptera: psychodidae) on the island of marajó, pará state, brazil.		1984	6485061
[ecology of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) and possibilities of the existence of visceral leishmaniasis in costa rica].	a semiarid area of northwest costa rica where lutzomyia longipalpis is common in corrals around houses is described. monthly captures of the sandfly during two consecutive years for fixed periods of time indicated that the insect bites avidly cows, horses, pigs, dogs and humans. from a total of 14,215 specimens, 90.5% were males and the species is markedly more abundant during the dry season decreasing considerably when rain comes. the possibility that visceral leishmaniasis could become in the ...	1984	6533420
leishmania infections in lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera:psychodidae) on the island of são luis, maranhão state, brazil.	dissection of lutzomyia longipalpis, captured in the são luis focus of visceral leishmaniasis revealed a 1.8% promastigote infection rate.	1984	6535920
leishmaniasis in brazil. xix: visceral leishmaniasis in the amazon region, and the presence of lutzomyia longipalpis on the island of marajó, pará state.	sporadic cases of visceral leishmaniasis in amazonian brazil appear limited to pará state, in the lower amazon valley and principally near the atlantic coast. the fox cerdocyon thous (l.) has been incriminated as a natural host of the causative parasite, leishmania donovani chagasi, but past doubts have existed over the identification of the most likely vector as lutzomyia (lutzomyia) longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912). investigations on two of five recent cases of visceral leishmaniasis of man in ...	1983	6623589
a simple technique for mass rearing lutzomyia longipalpis and phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) in the laboratory.		1983	6644754
a simple method for experimental infection of phlebotomine sand flies with leishmania.	mouse macrophages, grown in continuous cell culture at 37 degrees c, were inoculated with the promastigote stage of various human pathogenic leishmania species. under these culture conditions, the parasites rapidly entered the cells and transformed into amastigotes. two or 3 days after inoculation, the infected macrophages were mixed with washed human erythrocytes and were fed to female sand flies (phlebotomus papatasi and lutzomyia longipalpis) through a chick skin membrane. within 7-10 days af ...	1984	6696182
replication of rift valley fever virus in the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis.	rift valley fever virus was shown to replicate in lutzomyia longipalpis after intrathoracic inoculation. viral titers peaked at approximately 4 days postinoculation [mean titer = 10(4.0) plaque forming units (pfu)] and remained relatively constant through day 7. a minimum of 6 of 326 sand flies transmitted virus by bite to susceptible hamsters after 5-9 days of extrinsic incubation. viral titers of sand flies exposed per os declined steadily through day 9. none of 378 flies that had ingested app ...	1984	6711746
development of a continuous cell line from the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae), and its susceptibility to infection with arboviruses.		1983	6842527
laboratory tests of repellents against lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).		1982	7086853
functional morphology of the midgut of a sandfly as compared to other hematophagous nematocera.	the midgut epithelium of female lutzomyia longipalpis was investigated by means of electron microscopic morphometry before and during blood digestion. ultrastructure and cytological changes of the stomach cells upon blood feeding were generally similar to the ones described for phlebotomus longipes (gemetchu, 1974) and for mosquitoes (hecker, 1977). in addition, the quantitative composition of the cells resembled the one of mosquitoes in many respects. despite some morphological differences in t ...	1982	7170711
nocturnal activity patterns of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) at an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in colombia.	nocturnal activity of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) was studied from august 1991 to july 1992 in a small rural community in colombia where american visceral leishmaniasis is endemic. during 2 or 3 nights each month, sand flies were collected with hand-held aspirators each hour between 1730 and 0630 hours, from a pigpen and a cattle corral located 30 m apart. host-seeking activity of l. longipalpis adults was characterized by 2 general patterns: (1) adult sand fly activity inc ...	1995	7473615
age structure, blood-feeding behavior, and leishmania chagasi infection in lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) at an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in colombia.	ecological studies on the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) were conducted during 1990-1992 in a small rural community in colombia where american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) is endemic. subsamples of sand flies collected weekly from pigpens, the interior of houses, and natural outdoor resting sites were dissected to determine physiological age and leishmania chagasi cunha & chagas infection rates. eleven female l. longipalpis had flagellates in their gut, 2 of which were successfull ...	1995	7473616
sugar meal sources for the phlebotomine sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis in ceará state, brazil.	in the brazilian village of boqueirão do renato parente, ceará state, where visceral leishmaniasis is endemic, significant variation in the abundance of phlebotomine sandflies between different types of vegetation was demonstrated by castor oil sticky trap collections. population densities of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) sandflies were higher in beans and maize crops than in the surrounding open and tree scrub. significant relationships were detected between the abundances of sandflies a ...	1995	7548943
species composition and relative abundance of sand flies of the genus lutzomyia (diptera: psychodidae) at an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in colombia.	ecological studies on the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) were conducted during 1990-1993 at a small rural community in colombia where american visceral leishmaniasis is endemic. weekly sand fly collections were made from pigpens, houses, and natural resting sites, using hand-held aspirators, sticky (oiled) paper traps, and opossum-baited disney traps. in total, 263,094 sand flies were collected; l. longipalpis predominated (86.1%), followed by l. trinidadensis (11.0%), l. cayennen ...	1995	7650716
seasonal abundance of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) at an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in colombia.	ecological studies on the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) were conducted during 1990-1993 in a small rural community in colombia where american visceral leishmaniasis is endemic. standardized weekly sand fly collections made from pigpens and natural resting sites displayed a bimodal annual abundance cycle, with a small peak occurring in october-november and a larger one in april-may. time series analysis was employed to quantify the associations between sand fly abundance and weath ...	1995	7650717
a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus in the phlebotomine sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis.		1995	7787233
preliminary observations on the diagnosis and transmissibility of canine visceral leishmaniasis in teresina, n.e. brazil.	a pilot group of 49 dogs and control groups from non-endemic areas were examined serologically for the presence of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) by direct agglutination test (dat), indirect immunofluorescence (ifat) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and dot-elisa. results indicated that dat is less sensitive than the other assays and that serology with filter paper blood samples is less sensitive than with serum. promastigote infections were common in fed lutzomyia longipalpis taken from a ...	1993	7802502
attraction of lutzomyia longipalpis to human skin odours.	male and female lutzomyia longipalpis sandfiles showed attraction to human skin emanations placed on warmed glass petri dishes. unfed virgin females were more strongly attracted than males, which also showed attraction. four human subjects were tested and significant variation was found between the numbers of sandflies attracted to their skin emanations. this suggests that some individuals were more attractive than others. there was a significant difference between the response shown by sandflie ...	1994	7841492
laboratory and field evaluations of a repellent soap containing diethyl toluamide (deet) and permethrin against phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in valle del cauca, colombia.	the repellency and insecticidal efficacy of nopikex, a soap formulation containing 20% diethyl toluamide and 0.5% permethrin, was evaluated against a laboratory colony of phlebotomine sand flies (lutzomyia longipalpis). the repellency of nopikex soap was also compared with that of a placebo soap against another species (lu. youngi) in a forest near tulua, valle del cauca, colombia. in laboratory trials of the soap, no reduction in repellency was seen 4 hr after application, but within 8 hr, repe ...	1995	7872447
visceral leishmaniasis in teresina, state of piauí, brazil: preliminary observations on the detection and transmissibility of canine and sandfly infections.	a leishmania donovani-complex specific dna probe was used to confirm the widespread dissemination of amastigotes in apparently normal skin of dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis. when lutzomyia longipalpis were fed on abnormal skin of five naturally infected dogs 57 of 163 (35%) flies became infected: four of 65 flies (6%) became infected when fed on apparently normal skin. the bite of a single sandfly that had fed seven days previously on a naturally infected dog transmitted the infection t ...	1994	7885238
leishmania amazonensis: sensitivity of different promastigote morphotypes to salivary gland homogenates of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis.	we have recently demonstrated that lutzomyia longipalpis salivary gland homogenates (sgh) inhibited the multiplication of leishmania promastigotes in vitro. the present work shows that leishmania amazonensis sensitivity to sgh is correlated to the phase of promastigote in vitro growth and can be decreased by the addition of hemin to the culture medium. the possible relevance of these in vitro results is discussed in relation to the development of leishmania parasites within their sand fly vector ...	1995	7895828
correlates of the peridomestic abundance of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) in amazonian brazil.	abundance of the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of leishmania chagasi, was surveyed using cdc light-suction traps in fifteen villages and 180 homesteads on marajó island, pará state, brazil. flies were most abundant in cultivated areas, secondary growth and open woodland, away from savanna grassland and forest. within homesteads, the abundance of flies in animal sheds was weakly associated with the number of hosts kept therein, and inversely related to the number elsewhere, both human ...	1994	7949312