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failure of rubella virus to replicate in mosquitos.rubella virus failed to replicate in mosquitoes (aedes albopictus and culex fatigans) following parenteral inoculation. the virus demonstrated in mosquitoes tested immediately after inoculation but was not detected in insects sampled 7, 14 and 21 days postinoculation. this experiment provides further evidence that rubella is not an arbovirus, but does not invalidate its classification as a togavirus.1975345
a simple technique for demonstrating transmission of dengue virus by mosquitoes without the use of vertebrate hosts.aedes albopictus mosquitoes infected with dengue type 2 virus transmitted virus to measured small amounts of fluid which could be titrated readily for virus content. it was found that the percentage of mosquitoes transmitting was related to the extent of salivary gland infection. it was not uncommon for mosquitoes to transmit as much as 10(4) mosquito infectious doses50 of virus and transmission of significant amounts of virus was observed even though an insect only probed the test suspension wi ...19763980
influence of temperature corresponding to that of the vector on tahyna virus.the behaviour of uncloned, low-passage tahyna virus in an aedes albopictus (aa) cell line at 28 and 20 degrees c was studied in the course of 10 passages. the virus multiplied at both temperatures without any apparent effect on the host cell. at 28 and 20 degrees c reduction of plaque size, decrease of peripheral virulence and weakening of thermostability were observed. differences between both temperatures were only in the intensity of these changes.197613645
experimental brugia timori and wuchereria bancrofti infections in certain species of mosquitoes.laboratory reared aedes aegypti (black eye and jakarta strains), aedes togoi, (taiwan), aedes albopictus, (jakarta), wild caught anopheles barbirostris, (java) and mansonia uniformis, (jakarta) were fed on a carrier with mixed infection of brugia timori and wuchereria bancrofti. b. timori and w. bancrofti were able to develop in a. aegypti (black eye) and a. togoi, with development proceeding more rapidly for of b. timori than w. bancrofti. both species of parasites were readily distinguishable ...197724275
immunofluorescent detection of nuclear double-stranded rna in situ in vero and mosquito cells.double-stranded rna (dsrna) was detected in situ by indirect immunofluorescence with antibodies to dsrna. it was seen in nuclei of vero and aedes albopictus cells, but not in bhk cells, kb cells, chick embryo fibroblasts, or hela cells. reactive dsrna was present in the nucleoplasm, but not in nucleoli or cytoplasm. extracted rna from the whole cell contained from 0.08 percent (bhk) to 0.46 percent (hela) dsrna, as estimated by serological methods. this dsrna, found in molecules having the size ...197826972
novel antiviral activity found in the media of sindbis virus-persistently infected mosquito (aedes albopictus) cell cultures.aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells persistently infected with sindbis virus for a period of 6 months release into the medium a low-molecular-weight material capable of specifically reducing the yields of sindbis virus during the "acute phase" of infection in mosquito cells. the antiviral activity was produced in detectable levels at 3 days after infection, and its concentration in the extracellular medium increased thereafter. the antiviral activity was inactivated by treatment with the enzyme pr ...197934732
relative abundance of aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and aedes albopictus (skuse) in different habitats. 197944342
detection of west nile complement-fixing antigen in aedes albopictus cell cultures. 197552295
insect chromosome banding: technique for g- and q-banding pattern in the mosquito aedes albopictus.a modified technique is described for the production of clear g- and q-bands of somatic metaphase chromosomes of the mosquito, aedes albopictus skuse.197552391
growth, plaque assay and immunofluorescent studies on tataguine virus in cell culture.the growth characteristics of tataguine virus were studied in cercopithecus monkey kidney (vero); rhesus monkey kidney (llc-mk2), baby hamster kidney (bhk-21); porcine kidney (pk-15), mouse fibroblasts (l-929) and aedes albopictus cell monolayers. the virus replicated without producing any cytopathology in vero, bhk-21 and aedes albopictus: but not in the other three cell culture systems. two or three subsequent serial blind passages in those cultures supporting the growth of the virus did not p ...1979120801
isolation of dengue type 3 from mosquitoes in rangoon.a virus was isolated in suckling mice from aedes aegypti collected from rangoon area, during the month of july 1969. the virus was identified as a member of group b arbovirus dengue type 3, by means of its ability to agglutinate goose erythrocyte at ph 6.6, haemagglutination inhibition and complement fixation tests, and its growth characteristics in aedes albopictus cell cultures. the isolated dengue type 3 virus differs slightly from the indian dengue type 3 virus in its ability to produce haem ...1976140463
mosquito cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus yield unsialylated virions of low infectivity.vesicular stomatitis virus propagated in and released from aedes albopictus cells had the normal complement of viral proteins; the glycoprotein contained carbohydrate but no sialic acid. these virions had markedly reduced hemagglutinating activity and exhibited a very high ratio of physical particles to infectious virus. in vitro sialylation of vesicular stomatitis virions grown in mosquito cells resulted in a 100-fold increase in both infectivity and hemagglutination titers to levels approachin ...1975163913
morphogenesis of sindbis virus in cultured aedes albopictus cells.cultured mosquito cells were found to produce sindbis virus nearly as efficiently as bhk-21 cells at 28 c. in virtually all of the cells observed in the electron microscope, virus morphogenesis was found to occur within complex vesicular structures which developed after viral infection. viral nucleocapsids were first seen in these vesicles and appeared to be enveloped within these structures. the process of envelopment within these inclusions differed in some respects from the process previously ...1975170422
sindbis virus-induced cytopathic effect in clones of aedes albopictus (singh) cells. 1977196393
methylated constituents of aedes albopictus poly (a)-containing messenger rna.poly (a)-containing mrna prepared from cultured mosquito (aedes albopictus) cells was found to contain methylated 5'-terminal "caps" as well as internal m6a residues. both type i [m7g(5')ppp(5')xmp] and type ii [m7g(5')ppp(5')xmpymp] caps were present, at molar ratio of ca five to one. all four common rna bases were represented in the second position (xm) of the caps, adenine being the most abundant and n6-methyladenine being absent. the four bases were also represented in the third position (ym ...0198748
transovarial transmission of japanese encephalitis virus by mosquitoes.female aedes albopictus and aedes togoi mosquitoes infected with japanese encephalitis virus either by intrathoracic inoculation or by ingestion of a virus-sucrose-erythrocyte mixture transmitted the virus to a small percentage of their f1 progeny. adult f1 female aedes albopictus thus infected transmitted the virus in turn to newly hatched chickens by feeding on them.1978203035
the susceptibility of cell lines of aedes aegypti (linn.), aedes albopictus (skuse) and aedes pseudoscutellaris (therobald) to infection with blutongue virus.bluetongue virus multiplied in cell lines derived from aedes albopictus and aedes pseudoscutellaris cells. virus reached a maximum titre in the ae. pseudoscutellaris cells three days post inoculation, and in ae. albopictus cells six days p.i. virus growth was demonstrated in both cell lines at 27 degrees c and 37 degrees c. significant titres of virus were still present in the ae. albopictus cells after five subcultures at 27 degrees c over a period of six weeks. no cytopathic effect was observe ...1979218529
phenotypic characterization of ouabain-resistant aedes albopictus cells.the phenotype of a ouabain-resistant aedes albopictus cell line has been partially characterized. treatment of ouabain-sensitive cells with 0.005-1.0 mm ouabain resulted in an 80% reduction in the uptake of 86rubidium (86rb+), an ion with an affinity for the k+ pump binding site; ouabain-resistant cells showed only a 40% reduction with 1.0 mm ouabain. when ouabain-sensitive cells were incubated in the presence of ouabain (0.1 mm) for one and one-half to three hours, the molar ratio of intracellu ...1979231040
plaque production by arboviruses in singh's aedes albopictus cells.we report plaquing tests of 124 virus strains, mostly arboviruses of 21 serological groups, in singh's line of aedes albopictus cells. thirty of these plaqued: all were arboviruses of six groups and were known or presumed to be mosquito borne. failing to plaque were 86 strains of arboviruses, mostly tick borne, two strains of insect pathogens, and six animal viruses not classified as arboviruses. among mosquito-borne agents, plaquing ability appeared related to serological classification. califo ...0234160
small- and large-plaque variants of chikungunya virus in two vertebrate and seven invertebrate cell lines.nine cells lines--bhk-21, vero, aedes albopictus, a. aegypti (monolayer and howwow vesicles), a. w-albus, a. vittatus, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus--were infected with small- and large-plaque (sp, lp) variants of chikungunya virus. ross strain, and incubated at different temperatures. in the aedes (29 plus or minus 1 degrees c) and the vertebrate cell lines (36 degrees c), infectivity titers of extracellular virus rapidly reached a peak; cytopathic effect (cpe) occurred only in ...1975235192
growth of tahyna virus at low temperatures.replication of two tahyna virus strains in the aedes albopictus mosquito cell line was studied in the temperature range from 6 to 28 degrees c. the virus grew in this temperature range; its replication rate was related to the temperature of incubation. at lower temperatures the virus titres increased more slowly and did not reach as high maximum values as at higher temperatures. short increase in incubation temperature resulted in a short increase in the titre of virus previously incubated at 10 ...1975241231
isolation of spotted fever group and wolbachia-like agents from field-collected materials by means of plaque formation in mammalian and mosquito cells.three isolations from ticks (dermacentor occidentalis) of a rickettsia of the spotted fever group and 5 isolations from chipmunk (eutamias rugicaudus) blood of a wolbachia-like agent were obtained from plaques formed in singh's aedes albopictus (mosquito) and vero (african green monkey kidney) cell cultures. these organisms could not be isolated by injection of the infected ticks or blood into embryonated chicken eggs, guinea pigs, or voles (microtus pennsylvanicus), but fluid cultures of grace' ...1975241251
a simple technique for the detection of dengue antigen in mosquitoes by immunofluorescence.dengue antigen could be demonstrated by a direct fluorescent antibody technique in simple head squashes of either male or female aedes albopictus mosquitoes infected with any of the four dengue serotypes. dengue viruses can be isolated rapidly and simply by combining this technique with that of parenteral inoculation of mosquitoes with test material.1977326071
fluorescent antibody studies on the development of dengue-2 virus in aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). 1979396372
growth of orungo virus in various tissue cultures.monolayer cultures of cell strains derived from cercopithicus kidney (vero), baby hamster kidney (bhk-21), duck embryo (de), new-born rabbit kidney (ma-111), and aedes albopictus were tested for their ability to support the growth of orungo virus. the virus multiplied to high titres with accompanying cytopathic effect (cpe) in vero and bhk-21 cultures, but not in the other three culture systems. the yield of virus from infected vero cell cultures incubated at 37 degrees c was 30 to 100 times gre ...1977413528
complementation between temperature-sensitive mutants isolated from aedes albopictus cells persistently infected with western equine encephalitis virus. 1979425324
togavirus interference in culex annulirostris mosquitoes.culex annulirostris mosquitoes infected with sfv-s, a temperature-sensitive, small-plaque mutant of semliki forest virus isolated from cultured aedes albopictus cells, could not be infected later with wild-type virus (sfv-w). interference occurred as soon as 24 h after infection with sfv-s. in mosquitoes infected with a mixture of the two viruses, both replicated normally.1979430033
effect of incubation time on the generation of defective-interfering particles during undiluted serial passage of sindbis virus in aedes albopictus and chick cells. 1979462807
epidemic dengue hemorrhagic fever in rural indonesia. iii. entomological studies.entomological studies were carried out during a dengue hemorrhagic fever epidemic in central java in december 1976. both aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus were widely distributed in bantul, but the latter species was more abundant. comparative studies on the vector competence of the two species showed that ae. albopictus had a higher susceptibility than ae. aegypti to oral infection with all four dengue serotypes. the two species were equally compentent in transmitting the bantul strain of deng ...1979464193
characteristics of aedes albopictus cells persistently infected with dengue viruses. 1979471048
proteins specified by togaviruses in infected aedes albopictus (singh) mosquito cells.yields of greater than 10(7) p.f.u./ml at 28 or 37 degrees c of the alphavirus sindbis and the flavivirus kunjin were obtained in the aedes albopictus (singh) cell line, the latent periods being 4 to 6 and 10 to 12 h, respectively. despite a high background of host protein synthesis, virtually all the virus-specified proteins of the flaviviruses kunjin, dengue-2 and japanese encephalitis were labelled and resolved by slab gel electrophoresis of infected and uninfected cell proteins. in contrast, ...1979479844
evaluation of aedes albopictus tissue culture for use in association with arbovirus isolation.the susceptibility and sensitivity of aedes albopictus cell cultures to five different primary and four different low-passage arboviruses were tested. yellow fever, west nile, ilesha, eastern equine encephalitis, and flanders viruses replicated in a albopictus tissue cultures. replication was determined by the ability of selected tissue culture fluids to infect suckling mice, and by recovery from tissue culture fluid of progressively increasing amounts of complement-fixing (cf) antigen with time ...1979479863
generation of defective interfering particles of semliki forest virus in a clone of aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells.serial undiluted passage of semliki forest virus in a clone of aedes albopictus cells resulted in a marked decrease in infectious virus yields due to the generation and accumulation of defective interfering particles. virus from the third passage had a high particle/infectivity ratio and interfered specifically with homologous but not heterologous standard virus replication. two rna species of molecular weights 0.78 x 10(6) and 0.61 x 10(6) were the major rna components of purified passage 4 vir ...1979480458
heterologous interference in aedes albopictus cells infected with alphaviruses.maximum amounts of 42s and 26s single-stranded viral rna and viral structural proteins were synthesized in aedes albopictus cells at 24 h after sindbis virus infection. thereafter, viral rna and protein syntheses were inhibited. by 3 days postinfection, only small quantities of 42s rna and no detectable 26s rna or structural proteins were synthesized in infected cells. superinfection of a. albopictus cells 3 days after sindbis virus infection with sindbis, semliki forest, una, or chikungunya alp ...1979480461
methylation of mosquito dna.cells of the mosquito aedes albopictus have 5.6 pg dna/cell. this dna is 58 mol% (a + t) and has about 0.03 mol% each of 5-methylcytosine and 6-methylaminopurine. the dna is largely degraded by the restriction enzyme hpaii showing the virtual absence of the sequence cmecgg. small amounts of enzymic activity recovered largely in non-nuclear fractions transfer methyl groups from s-adenosylmethionine to cytosine and adenine.1979497215
a mutant of chikungunya virus isolated from a line of singh's aedes albopictus cells by plaque formation on virus-sensitive cloned cells obtained from another singh's a. albopictus cell line. 1979506067
alpha-amanitin resistant rna polymerase ii from aedes albopictus cell mutants resistant to alpha-amanitin.spontaneous and ems-induced alpha-amanitin-resistant aedes albopictus cells have been isolated and characterized. two mutant sublines, one of intermediate resistance (alpha a2) and the other highly resistant (ama18) contained rna polymerase ii activity, the resistance of which in vitro to alpha-amanitin correlated well with the resistance of these cells in vivo. the resistance of these cells to alpha-amanitin can likely be attributed to the presence of an altered rna polymerase ii.1979509543
electron microscope studies of anaplasma marginale in an aedes albopictus culture system.anaplasma marginale was seen by electron microscopy within the cytoplasm of aedes albopictus cells in culture. anaplasma marginale was seen in free bovine rbc as well as in rbc phagocytized by ae albopictus cells. some a marginale organisms, both intracellular and extracellular, remained intact for as long as 60 days in culture, and anaplasma inclusion appendages were seen in free-lysed rbc and in lysed rbc phagocytized by ae albopictus cells. although some a marginale organisms had deteriorated ...1979525907
hemagglutinin prepared from cells of aedes albopictus, clone c6/36, infected with type 1 dengue virus.a high titer of hemagglutinin (hanin) was found in culture fluids of cells of aedes albopictus, clone c6/36, infected with type 1 dengue virus. the hanin (tc antigen) was associated with complete virions and no appreciable small-sized hanin was produced, in contrast to the case in an infected suckling mouse brain (smb) homogenate, in which most of the hanin is smaller than complete virions. extraction of the tc antigen with tween 80-ether disrupted the hanin into smaller-sized particles, resulti ...1979533536
electron microscopic observations on aedes albopictus cells infected with dengue viruses.in dengue virus infected aedes albopictus cells, electron-dense particles, larger than single ribosomes, were arranged on the cytoplasmic sides of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer) membranes. mature virions 40--45 nm in diameter as well as vesiculotubular structures 50--120 nm in diameter appeared in enlarged cisternae of rer filled with fine granular substance. many of the mature virions and somewhat degenerated vesiculotubular structures remained to be enclosed in membranous structures presuma ...1979539910
production of temperature-sensitive and pathogenic virus from aedes albopictus cells (singh) persistently infected with chikungunya virus.when a. albopictus, clone c6/36, cells were infected with chikungunya (chik) virus, high virus yield accompanied by a cytopathic effect in the acute stage of infection was followed by a relatively low yield of virus over a long period of time. virus produced from persistently infected cultures became gradually of smaller plaque size and more temperature-sensitive; however, such virus still retained pathogenicity for suckling mice even after one year of infection. when the persistently infected c ...1979543803
role of extracellular virus on the maintenance of the persistent infection induced in aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells by sindbis virus.sindbis virus infection of cultured mosquito cells was found to have no effect on the growth of these cells; instead, a persistent infection of the culture followed an initial acute phase of rapid virus synthesis. nearly all of the cells in the acute stage of infection were found to actively release virus in an infectious-center assay and to contain significant amounts of virus antigen as determined by immunofluorescence. cells in the persistent phase of infection released few virions into the m ...1977561193
replication of dengue-2 virus in aedes albopictus mosquitoes. an electron microscopic study.sequential electronmicroscopic studies of aedes albopictus mosquitoes infected with dengue-2 virus showed replication of virus particles and vesicular structures confined to cells having an active, rough, endoplasmic reticulum. small granules not found on the surface of virions produced in mammalian cells were seen on the envelopes of the virus particles. there was no evidence of nuclear involvement as described in infected mouse neurones, and there was no apparent impairment of cellular functio ...1977596516
larvicidal activity of synthetic pyrethroids against aedes albopictus (skuse).nine pyrethroids and nine of its optical and geometrical isomers were tested for insecticidal activity against fourth instar larvae of aedes albopictus. the most active of the pyrethroids was permethrin and its (+)-trans and (+)-cis isomers. resmethrin, ru 22725 (ethanoresmethrin), nrdc 161 and phenothrin also showed good activity. the potential of using permethrin which has good photostability as a larvicidal insecticide is discussed.1977614712
aedes albopictus cells release a goose red blood cell agglutinin.the presence of a goose red blood cell (rbc) agglutinin (ha) in the culture medium of apparently uninfected aedes albopictus cells raised the possibility of contamination by an arbovirus. the ha sedimented in sucrose gradients between 18s and 28s and had a buoyant density in sucrose of 1,23 g/cm3. the ha adsorbed to concanavalin a-sepharose and could be eluted with alpha-methyl-d-mannoside. the apparent molecular weights of the eluted glycoproteins were estimated by page to range from 17,000 to ...1978632055
orungo virus: transmission studies with aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). 1978633290
growth of some togaviruses in aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) cell cultures. 1978633299
origin of the actinomycin d insensitive rna species in aedes albopictus cells.in the presence of actinomycin d or a combination of actinomycin d and either camptothecin or alpha-amanatin. aedes albopictus cells synthesize a variety of single stranded rna species. these actinomycin d resistant species are ethidium bromide sensitive and they are present in the cell cytoplasm in an rnase resistant structure which has the sedimentation and buoyant density characteristics of mitochondria. twelve actinomycin d insensitive rna species can be detected by electrophoresis in 7m ure ...0652522
isolation and partial characterization of drug-resistant aedes albopictus cells.we report here the first isolation and characterization of drug-resistant cell lines from cultured mosquito cells. a brdu-resistant cell line was isolated from mutagen-treated aedes albopictus cells, and then used as the parent cell from which sublines resistant to ouabain or alpha-amanitin were derived. the brdu-resistant cell line and all sublines derived from it were shown to be deficient in thymidine kinase. evidence that favored attributing the drug-resistant phenotypes to mutant genotypes ...1978663800
effect of ouabain on sindbis virus replication in ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-resistant aedes albopictus cells (singh). 1978664253
development of infectious virus & antigen production of je virus in mouse brain, vero, aedes albopictus & aedes w-albus cell cultures. 1978680849
isolation of a singh's aedes albopictus cell clone sensitive to dengue and chikungunya viruses.twenty clones were isolated from cultured aedes albopictus (singh) cells in the presence of anti-chikungunya (chik) virus serum. each clone was tested for its yields of dengue (den) viruses, types 1, 2, 3 and 4, and also chik virus. clone c6 showed the highest yield of each virus tested. forty-three clones obtained by recloning c6 in the presence of anti-den sera showed almost the same virus yields as c6. one of the clones, c6/36, showed mild to extensive cytopathic effects several days after vi ...1978690610
interactions between larvae of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in mixed experimental populations.the interaction between larvae of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus in mixed experimental populations under adequate and inadequate food supply were studied in the laboratory. the results revealed that ae. aegypti had the beneficial effects on the development and survival of ae. albopictus when food was adequate but adverse effects on ae. albopictus is exterminated when ae. aegypti is present. urbanization and ecology of mosquitoes could be factors in the decreasing number of ae. albopictus populat ...1978705422
virazole prevents production of sindbis virus and virus-induced cytopathic effect in aedes albopictus cells. 1978741653
inhibition of sindbis virus replication in aedes albopictus cells deprived of methionine. 1978741661
[a rapid assay of sindbis virus infectivity by counting immunofluorescence foci in "aedes albopictus" cell culture (author's transl)].the aedes albopictus cell line is susceptible to numerous arboviruses but the appearance of cytopathic effect is observed mostly with flavivirus. a method of rapid titration of sindbis virus by counting immunofluorescent foci is described, using this cell line.1976799476
two very different components of messenger rna in an insect cell line.the messenger rna lifetimes have been measured in a cell line derived from an invertebrate source, the mosquito aedes albopictus. the experiments were made possible by a new technique for obtaining undegraded cytoplasmic rna from cells with high endogenous nuclease levels. there are two components to the decay kinetics of aedes mrna. the major fraction of the steady state message population has a half-life of 20 hr which is, as in mammalian cells, comparable to the cell generation time. the shor ...1975804997
an agent in the aedes aegypti cell line (peleg) which causes fusion of aedes albopictus cells. 1975806166
isolation of chikungunya virus contaminating an aedes albopictus cell line.an aedes albopictus cell line was found contaminated with structures morphologically compatible with an alphavirus. rapid isolation of a cytopathic virus was effected by combining sonication, concentration with aquacide ii-r, rate zonal sedimentation and subsequent plating of fractions on vero cells under agar overlay. the virus caused neithedeath nor disease on inoculation into infant and adult mice. it produced a c.p.e. in vero and bhk 21 cells, and multiplied in singh's aedes aegypti cells. t ...1975806659
hnrna size and processing as related to different dna content in two dipterans: drosophila and aedes.the size of hnrna transcripts and the fraction of hnrna that is converted to mrna in cell lines of drosophila melanogaster and aedes albopictus are compared. both insects belong to the order diptera, but aedes has a 5-6 fold larger genome than does drosophila. the aedes line produces significantly (2-2.5 fold) larger hnrna than does the drosophila line, even though the two cell lines grow under similar conditions and produce mrna of the same size and sequence complexity. these data suggest that ...1975807333
plaque assay for rabies serogroup viruses in vero cells.plaque formation in vero cells has been induced with seven rabies serogroup viruses either cocultivated as infected bhk-21 or aedes albopictus cells, or directly cultivated as infected mouse brain.1975809472
polysomal rna in semliki forest virus infected aedes albopictus cells.polysomes from aedes albopictus cells were identified by their rapid labelling with radioactive amino acids and their sensitivity to edta, rnase and puromycin. the major ribosome component in cytoplasmic extracts had a sedimentation coefficient of approx. 95s and may be a ribosome dimer. in semiki forest virus infected aedes albopictus cells, 42s and 26s rna were the major virus rna species detected up to 10 h post infection. virus rna was detected in association with pre-labelled ribosomes and ...1975810541
defective interfering particles of semliki forest virus generated in bhk cells do not interfere with viral rna synthesis in aedes albopictus cells. 1975812255
multiplication of venezuelan equine encephalitis (mucambo) virus in cultured mosquito cells.venezuelan equine encephalitis (mucambo) virus was able to multiply at 28degree c in cultured mosquito cells (aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus) without inducing any apparent cytopathology. the kinetics of virus multiplication was similar in mosquito and mammalian (vero) cells. twelve to twenty four hours post-infection, a maximum of 10-50 per cent of the cells were engaged in virus production; however, almost immediately this proportion fell abruptly tending to stabilize in the order of 0.01 t ...1975813617
leishmania donovani multiplication in a cell line of aedes albopictus. 1976841664
quantitative aspects of replication of dengue viruses in aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) after oral and parenteral infection. 1977845886
evidence for the synthesis of defection interfering particles by aedes albopictus cells persistently infected with sindbis virus. 1977855191
evolution and properties of aedes albopictus cell cultures persistently infected with sindbis virus. 1977898680
survival of anaplasma marginale in aedes albopictus cells.bovine red blood cells infected with anaplasma marginale were introduced into cell line cultures from the mosquito aedes albopictus. the cultured mosquito cells phagocytized both infected and uninfected red blood cells. the parasite remained viable, as determined by calf inoculations, for 21 days.1976949127
morphological, biochemical, and serological studies on a viral agent (cfa) which replicates in and causes fusion of aedes albopictus (singh) cells. 1976982814
failure of defective interfering particles of sindbis virus produced in bhk or chicken cells to affect viral replication in aedes albopictus cells.whereas defective interfering particles of sindbis virus are readily produced in bhk-21 cells or chicken embryo fibroblasts by the techniques of serial undiluted passage, similar methods failed to generate such particles in aedes albopictus cell cultures. in addition, sindbis virus stocks produced in bhk-21 cells or chicken embryo fibroblasts and which contained defective interfering particles, when tested in a. albopictus cells, failed (i) to interfere with the replication of standard sindbis v ...1976986481
characteristics of sindbis virus temperature-sensitive mutants in cultured bhk-21 and aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells.a number of the temperature-sensitive mutants of sindbis virus originally isolated and characterized by burge and pfefferkorn (1966, 1968) were reexamined for their abilities to grow and complement one another in cultured bhk-21 and aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells. the response of the mutants to conditions of high and low temperature was similar in cultured cells of both the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. complementation experiments in bhk-21 cells produced growth patterns similar to those ...1976987251
a field trial of competitive displacement of aedes polynesiensis by aedes albopictus on a pacific atoll.prior laboratory studies and field observations suggested that it might be possible to reduce the size of the population of, or eliminate, aedes polynesiensis by the introduction of aedes albopictus. the former mosquito is the principal vector of nonperiodic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti and the latter is a closely related species refractory to the development of human filariae. the practicability of such competitive displacement was studied by a field trial on a remote coral atoll w ...19761008133
dynamics of the natural focus of tahyna virus in southern moravia and species succession of its vectors, the mosquitoes of the genus aedes.the paper deals with the occurrence of aedes mosquitoes in southern moravia and with tahyna virus infection rates for them in 1972; a comparison of the data from previous years reveals the dynamics of the natural focus under long-term study. a total of 13,204 mosquitoes of the genus aedes was processed in 122 tests, resulting in 17 tahyna virus strains isolates. as concerns the valence of the natural focus, the most important was the inundated forest in the drnholec locality. infection rates for ...19761010493
phospholipids of semliki forest virus grown in cultured mosquito cells.the phospholipids of semliki forest virus grown in mosquito cells (aedes albopictus) were analyzed radiochemically. the ratio of 32p-labeled phospholipids to total 32p-label in the virus grown in mosquito cells equilibrated with radiophosphorus was 0.558 +/- 0.021. this value was similar to the lipid phosphorus: total phosphorus ratio (0.539 +/- 0.025) of the virus grown in the bhk cells. it is concluded that an average virion of the two types of semliki forest virus contains approximately the s ...19761032998
observations of aedes albopictus cell cultures persistently infected with sindbis virus. 19751072595
susceptibility of the aedes albopictus (singh) cell line to infection with some group c arboviruses. 20061088784
sindbis virus replication in vertebrate and mosquito cells: an interpretation.this paper summarizes recent comparative studies of sindbis virus (sv) replication in cultured aedes albopictus (a. albo) or (a. aegypti (a. aeg) and bhk21 or chick embryo (cef) cells. 1. viral growth kinetics and yields are similar in a. albo cells at 28 degress c and in vertebrate cells at 37 degrees c. a. albo exhibit no cpe and yield persistenetly infected cultures. 2. sv grown in a. albo cells lacks sialic acid but is antigenically and in terms of particle/pfu or particle/hau ratios equival ...19751107684
comparison of lipid composition of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus cells obtained from logarithmic and stationary phases of growth.the total lipids, total neutral lipids, and total phospholipids from aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus cells cultivated in vitro in a medium containing fetal calf serum were analyzed. the mosquito cells were harvested in the logarithmic and stationary phases of growth. the fatty acid profiles of the lipids showed differences during the aging of the cells but not betweeen species. there was an increase in chain elongation and unsaturation of the fatty acids in the stationary phase when compared ...19751117810
the multiplication of nodamura virus in insect and mammalian cell cultures.nodamura virus multiplied in mosquito cell lines, as determined by infectivivity assays in adult honey bees (apis mellifera) and wax moth larvae (galleria mellonella). titres of more than 10-7 and 10-5 bee ld50 /ml were obtained in culture fluids of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti cells respectively after 10 days. comparable titres were obtained after several months, during which the cultures were subdivided up to six times. nodamura virus also multiplied in bhk cells and yielded titres of 10 ...19751168239
laboratory studies of transovarial transmission of la crosse and other arboviruses by aedes albopictus and culex fatigans.transovarial transmission of la crosse virus by experimentally infected aedes albopictus females to 2.7% of their f1 generation offspring was demonstrated. progeny of both sexes were infected. mean virus titers in parent mosquitoes and infected f1 generation adults were 10(4.6) and 10(3.4) plaque forming units/insect, respectively. the la crosse-infected offspring were randomly distributed among the female parents. after two serial passages in a. albopictus, a marked change occurred in the plaqu ...19751190373
methods with insect cells in suspension culture. i. aedes albopictus. 19751191393
comparison of phospholipid composition of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus cells obtained from logarithmic and stationary phases of growth.aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus cells were grown in tissue culture and harvested at logarithmic and stationary phases of development. the phospholipids were extracted, separated into lipid classes, and fatty acid composition of each fraction determined. the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction was the major lipid (42-54%). with aging, the a. aegypti cells showed an increase in polyenes in the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions and in monoenes and polyenes in the phosphati ...20051196018
effect of the environmental conditions on eggs and water living stages of aedes aegypti (linn.) and aedes albopictus (skuse), vectors of dengue haemorrhagic fever in viet-nam. 19751203600
distribution of aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and aedes albopictus (skuse) in small towns and villages of penang island, malaysia--an ovitrap survey.an ovitrap survey was carried out in april and may of 1975 at twenty-one locations scattered throughout penang island excluding the city of georgetown. the results showed the ubiquitous presence of ae. albopictus. ae. aegypti was recorded only in tanjung tokong lama, an area adjacent to the city of georgetown. in the survey, ae. albopictus females were found to prefer the outdoor ovitraps than indoor ones. the effectiveness of ovitrap in aedes survey was discussed.19751226538
viral contamination of a mosquito cell line, aedes albopictus, associated with syncytium formation.viral contamination associated with syncytium formation in two sbulines of singh's aedes albopictus cell cultures was investigated. electron microscopy of the syncytia revealed the presence of five different types of virus-like particles, which morphologically resembled the parvo-, picorna-, toga-, and orbi-, and bacterial viruses. when a virus-free subline of the a. albopictus cells (sl3) was inoculated with extracts of the syncytium-forming a. albopictus cells, the parvo-, toga-, and orbi-type ...19761248853
neutral lipids of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus cells cultured in vitro. 19761254981
variation among geographic strains of aedes albopictus in susceptibility to infection with dengue viruses.the comparative susceptibility to dengue virus infection of 13 geographic strains of aedes albopictus was studied by feeding the mosquitoes on a virus-erythrocyte-sugar suspension. significant variation in susceptibility for each of the four dengue serotypes was observed among the geographic strains. mosquito strains which were more susceptible to infection with one dengue serotype also were more susceptible to the other dengue serotypes. there was a direct relationship between the amount of vir ...19761259091
variation among goegraphic strains of aedes albopictus in susceptibility to infection with chikungunya virus.two types of variation were observed when the susceptibility of 16 different geographic strains of aedes albopictus to oral infection with chikungunya (chik) virus was studied. one was differential susceptibility to infection with the virus. the other was variation in the quantity of virus present in infected mosquitoes after a standard incubation period. mean virus titers of infected mosquitoes of different geographic strains varied almost 1,000-fold. attempts to develop increasingly resistant ...19761259092
cytoplasmic bridges and gap junctions in an insect cell line (aedes albopictus).cell pairs of an insect cell line (aedes albopictus, clone c6/36) were used study simultaneously the diffusional and electrical properties of intercellular junctions. diffusion studies involved injection of fluorescent molecules into one cell of a cell pair and visual inspection of their intercellular redistribution. electrical measurements involved a dual voltage clamp method and whole-cell recording with patch pipette. the voltage clamp protocol was aimed at examining the dependency of the jun ...19921283306
susceptibility of aedes albopictus mosquitoes (oahu strain) to infection with dirofilaria immitis.the susceptibility of the oahu strain of aedes albopictus mosquitoes to infection with dirofilaria immitis was examined to study the development of larvae in detail. most of the developing larvae were found in the malpighian tubules and infective larvae in the labium, indicating that aedes albopictus oahu strain is susceptible to the infection with d. immitis. new different patterns of development from those reported by earlier studies were observed: (i) the second-stage larvae in the thorax mus ...19921294811
[the expression of 130kda mosquitocidal protein gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in bacillus subtilis].two recombinant plasmid pfz1 and pfz2 containing bti 130kda mosquitocidal protein gene in opposite insertion orientation were constructed. the expression of 130kda mosquitocidal protein of bti in bacillus subtilis was confirmed by western blotting. the mosquito-larvicidal activity against the larvae of aedes albopictus was shown by the bioassay.19921299031
[microhabitats of aedes albopictus (skuse) in the region of the paraiba valley, são paulo state, brazil].the objective of this study was the determination of extent of the spatial distribution of aedes albopictus in the paraíba river valley, state s. paulo, brazil. thus, collections of larvae and pupae mosquitoes were carried out at six sites distributed along a transection with a 10-km extension. the target was the tree-holes but artificial containers were also used in this investigation. aedes terrens and ae. albopictus were the only species of genus aedes present in the tree-holes mentioned. the ...19921307425
susceptibility of selected strains of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) to chikungunya virus.the relative susceptibility of selected strains of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) fed on a viremic monkey to infection with chikungunya virus was determined. infection rates were consistently higher in 10 strains of ae. albopictus tested than in 7 strains of ae. aegypti tested, regardless of the geographic location from which the strains originated or the dose of virus ingested. similarly, virus dissemination rates were higher in the ae. albopictus strains compared with the ae. ...19921313111
isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus from aedes albopictus in florida.fourteen strains of eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus were isolated from aedes albopictus mosquitoes collected in polk county, florida. these are the first isolations of an arbovirus of proven public health and veterinary importance from naturally infected ae. albopictus in the united states since established populations of this introduced mosquito were first discovered in 1985. the widespread distribution of ae. albopictus in florida and in other areas of the united states where eee is en ...19921321985
limited potential for mosquito transmission of a live, attenuated chikungunya virus vaccine.studies were conducted to determine the potential for transmission of a live, attenuated chikungunya (chik) virus vaccine by orally exposed or virus-inoculated mosquitoes. the vaccine (chik 181/clone 25) replicated in and was transmitted by female aedes albopictus and ae. aegypti after intrathoracic inoculation. mosquitoes also became infected with the vaccine after ingesting virus from either a blood-soaked cotton pledget or a viremic monkey. however, because of the low viremias produced in ino ...19921322072
[extension of the area of aedes albopictus in italy. 1st report of the species in central italy].a new infestation by aedes albopictus was discovered in civitavecchia, central italy, in october 1992. this follows previous records of the species in north italy, where the first infestation was observed in 1990 in the city of genoa. the present finding clearly indicates the capacity of aedes albopictus to spread all over italy and to become a permanent pest in southern europe. in spite of the expected embryonic diapause in october, larval breeding was observed in a fifteen-liter glass jar with ...19921339968
a drosophila metallothionein promoter is inducible in mosquito cells.expression from a drosophila metallothionein promoter (mtn) was investigated in mosquito cells. recombinant plasmids carrying a transcription unit comprised of the escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene (lacz) fused to the metallothionein promoter were stably introduced into aedes albopictus c6/36 cells. a low copy transformant containing approximately 60 copies of plasmid per cell, and a high copy transformant (1-2 x 10(4) copies/cell) were characterized. the expression of beta-galactosidase ...19921343774
distribution of split 5.8s ribosomal rna in diptera.although the 5.8s ribosomal rna (rrna) of most eucaryotes consists of 155-170 nucleotides, in two dipterous species the 5.8s rrna consists of two pieces, 123 and 30 nucleotides in length. the distribution of split 5.8s rrna was studied in other diptera and the most closely related order siphonaptera to learn the origin of split 5.8s rrna. four species of mosquitoes, culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex pipiens molestus, aedes albopictus, anopheles sp. (culicidae) had a single 5.8s rrna consisting of a ...19921343775
expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in aedes albopictus (c6/36) cells using a non-infectious sindbis virus expression vector.genomic rna was transcribed in vitro from the non-infectious sindbis (sin) virus expression vector (ptrcat) and introduced into c6/36 (aedes albopictus) cells by liposome-mediated transfections. the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) polypeptide expressed within cells was detected by an indirect immunofluorescent assay directly into 24-well polystyrene tissue culture plates. approximately 1 in 1000 c6/36 cells showed fluorescence when the transfection was optimized. cat enzyme activity was ...19921343776
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