Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| high-temperature production of protein-enriched feed from cassava by fungi. | a simple, nonaseptic, low-cast process for the conversion of cassava, a starchy tropical root crop, into microbial protein for use as animal feed was sought. screening tests culminated in the isolation of a thermotolerant, amylase-producing mold, designated i-21, which was identified as aspergillus fumigatus. the optimum ph for protein synthesis was 3-5, but the optimum temperature was less than the desired temperature (larger than or equal to 45 c) required for a nonaseptic fermentation. a. fum ... | 1975 | 2105 |
| food protein sources. | work on food, planned by the u.m. (use and management) section of the u.k. committe, was limited to sources of protein because we agreed that more problems calling for research were likely to arise in getting adequate supplies of protein than of other types of food. deer meat can be produced on land too rough and exposed for sheep; parts of the work on their metabolism and food requirements necessitated building a mobile laboratory. the manner in which the nutritive value of maize is affected by ... | 1976 | 8803 |
| cyanide, cassava, and diabetes. | 2001 | 90295 | |
| an enzymatic assay for the total cyanide content of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | 1999 | 96301 | |
| [nitrogen balance in adults and experimental study in rats fed with rice, beans and manioc flour supplemented with proteins]. | rice, beans and manioc flour are foods eaten daily in northeast brazil. manioc flour is a source of energy, having a low protein content. there has been a great interest to supplement manioc flour with proteins. the present study was planned to show the nutritive value of a basic diet including rice, beans, manioc flour and other local foods, supplemented with different sources of proteins. the experiment was carried out in humans and rats. the supplements used were casein (ca), isolated soy pro ... | 1977 | 96753 |
| studies on the phyllosphere microflora of tapioca (manihot utilissima pohl). | studies on the phyllosphere microflora of tapioca (manihot utilissima pohl.) revealed that incidence of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes is indipendent of the variety, but dependent on the age. the bacteria and fungi increased with increasing age of the leaf and were more on mature leaves, whereas no such difference was noticed in the occurrence of actinomycetes. the large majority of the isolates, that were gram-negative bacteria, was also amino acid-requiring. the chromogenic types occurred ... | 1976 | 189529 |
| iris metastasis from a bronchial carcinoid tumor. | a 54-year-old man had a fleshy pink vascularized mass in the superonasal quadrant of the right iris. he had a history of an unchanging pulmonary nodule that was followed up for five years with routine chest roentgenograms. fluorescein angiography demonstrated early filling of numerous fine blood vessels in the mass and diffuse late staining of the lesion. results of a transcorneal radioactive phosphorus (32p) uptake test were positive. the clinical diagnosis was tapioca melanoma of the iris, wit ... | 1978 | 203256 |
| cassava - a valuable food but a possible poison. | 1989 | 209588 | |
| acute cassava poisoning in children in sarawak. | 1989 | 209589 | |
| effects of cyanogenic agents on reproduction and neonatal development in rats. | a diet consisting of 50% gari (a form of cassava meal) was found to cause no significant biochemical and haematological changes in adult female rats. although this diet caused a significant increase in their serum thiocyanate levels, there was no corresponding significant increase in the weight of their thyroid glands. the offspring of these rats had significantly lower birth weights and brain weights and never attained the same adult weights as those of the controls. adult female rats fed a die ... | 1979 | 230860 |
| safety evaluation of aspergillus fumigatus grown on cassava for use as an animal feed. | a safety evaluation of aspergillus fumigatus i21, grown in a cassava carbohydrate and salts medium, was undertaken. male weanling rats were fed the fungus at 20, 30 and 40% of the diet for 90 days. a control group was given soybean oil meal as the sole source of protein. weekly determinations of the body weights and feed consumptions were made. a few days prior to termination of the feeding study, a kidney function test was undertaken on the rats. at the end of the feeding period hematology, blo ... | 1977 | 336162 |
| the origin of nitrogen incorporated into compounds in the rumen bacteria of steers given protein- and urea-containing diets. | 1. two young friesian steers fitted with rumen cannulas were each given three different isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets for successive periods of 2-3 weeks. the diets consisted mainly of straw and tapioca, with the nitrogen supplied mainly as decorticated groundnut meal(dcgm; diet a), in approximately equal amounts of dcgm and urea (diet b), or entirely as urea (diet c). 2. at the end of each period on a given diet, part of the dietary urea of a morning feed was replaced by a solution of [ ... | 1979 | 420753 |
| [role of the digestive microflora and of the crystalline structure of starch in digestion and dietary efficiency in the chicken. study of tropical tubers]. | the influence of microflora in the utilization of starches, the x ray pattern which was of a or b type, was studied by balances and carcasses analysis with growing axenic or holoxenic chickens, put in isolators. five tropical tubers were used : manihot utilissima and dioscorea dumetorum of a-type, dioscorea cayenensis and alata and canna edulis of b-type. they were introduced in isoenergetic (4,460 kcal/g d.m.) and isoproteic (18 p. 100) diets. the a-type starches are entirely digested (95 p. 10 ... | 1979 | 496174 |
| metastatic tapioca iris melanoma. | a case of metastatic tapioca melanoma of the iris in a 12-year-old girl is reported. the patient had heterochromia, a red painful eye, and was treated for iritis with secondary glaucoma. in the course of 5 months iris lesions with the clinical appearance of tapioca pudding developed, and biopsy disclosed a melanoma. the eye was immediately enucleated, and pathological examination showed a melanoma with predominantly epithelioid-type cells which had infiltrated the angle, the posterior chamber, a ... | 1979 | 508689 |
| gibberellin a4 produced by sphaceloma manihoticola, the cause of the superelongation disease of cassava (manihot esculenta). | 1979 | 518631 | |
| amelanotic melanoma (tapioca melanoma) of the iris. | 1979 | 532814 | |
| dietary cyanide and tropical malnutrition diabetes. | two categories of diabetes are recognized in the temperate zone--ketosis-prone diabetes requiring insulin and diabetes not requiring insulin. another unique type of diabetes occurs in the tropics. it has two forms, both different from either form of temperate zone diabetes. type j and pancreatic diabetes are both characterized by youth onset, antecedent malnutrition, substantial insulin requirement, and resistance to ketosis. in the tropical countries where they are found, both forms are associa ... | 1979 | 574813 |
| the utilization of proteins and amino acids in diets based on cassava (manihot utilissima), rice or sorghum (sorghum sativa) by young nigerian men of low income. | 1978 | 629918 | |
| [pathogenesis of endemic goiter: evidence of a dietary factor different from iodine deficiency (author's transl)]. | the role of cassava was investigated in particularly severe endemic goiter area (ubangi). dietary intake of cassava induces an increase of plasma thiocyanate concentration and an increase of urinary excretion of stable iodine. generalized iodine deficiency induces very high thyroid uptakes; the other parameters of thyroid function are more or less affected according to the dietary intake of thiocyanate. when thiocyanate intake is high an adaptation is obtained only at the expense of a drop of pl ... | 1978 | 686655 |
| effect of linamarin on thiocyanate production and thyroid activity in rats. | the principal cyanogenic glucoside in cassava is linamarin (2-hydroxyisobutyronitrile-beta-d-glucoside). addition of pure linamarin to a diet based on 10% vitamin-free casein did not affect the weight gain of rats. however, as expected, the animals that received the casein diet supplemented with methionine gained more weight than those that received the unsupplemented diet. the amount of thiocyanate ion excreted in the urine by the animals that received linamarin was higher than that excreted by ... | 1978 | 731726 |
| exoenzymic activity of alpha-amylase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin. | amylose and amylopectin from two starch sources were partially degraded by alpha-amylase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin. the degradation products were fractioned by gel-permeation chromatography and high-pressure, liquid chromatography. two distinct fractions were obtained from tapioca amylose. one is a fragment having a molecular weight exceeding 200,000, and the other consists of oligosaccharides of low molecular weight with a degree of polymerization of 1-8. in contrast, treatment ... | 1976 | 820427 |
| dietary treatment of malnutrition. balance-sheets of the main nutrients. part ii. | results of a balance study of nitrogen, fat, electrolytes and trace-elements (fe, cu, zn, mn) with 3 1/i to 9 years old malnourished children in the kwilu region (zaïre) are given. the main components of the diets were fish, lactose free milk, caseinate, partial hydrolasate of albumin, fermented corn and soya (soy-ogi), medium-chain triglycerides, rice and the local foods manioc, peanuts and caterpillars. the lactose free milk and the soy-ogi were well tolerated since we found only a small quant ... | 1977 | 881298 |
| [a rare case of melanoma of the iris: tapioca melanoma iridis]. | 2016 | 897275 | |
| hydrogen sulphide from leaves of manihot utilissima. | 1977 | 905423 | |
| digestibilities of nitrogen compounds in rumen bacteria and in other components of digesta in the small intestine of the young steer. | 1. mixed bacteria were obtained from the rumen contents of steers and were taken at different times after the animals had been given different feeds. the feeds contained [15n]urea and in some experiments na2 35so4 so that the bacteria were labelled with these isotopes. 2. samples of labelled bacteria were subjected to a simulated abomasal digestion with pepsin and the digests were infused with a non-absorbed marker, polyethylene glycol, into the duodenums of test steers equipped with re-entrant ... | 1977 | 911740 |
| influence of cassava diets on placental thiocyanate transfer, tissue rhodanese activity and performance of rats during gestation. | 1977 | 916626 | |
| recurrent tapioca melanoma of the iris and ciliary body treated with the argon laser. | a 25-year-old white woman underwent iridocyclectomy for an iris tumor. clinically, histologically, and ultrastructurally this tumor was the same as a recently reported tapioca melanoma of the iris. during the next four months, there were recurrent growths on the ciliary body that we treated with the argon laser through a three-mirror lens. no further recurrences of the tumor were noted three years later. | 1976 | 986119 |
| effect of modified and unmodified tapioca starches on 59fe retention in rats. | the effects of a chemically-modified tapioca starch hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (hdp), and unmodified tapioca starch (ums) on 59fe retention by rats were compared. three experimental variables were evaluated: 1) the type of starch in the diet, 2) cooking of either the starch alone or the entire diet, and 3) the iron status of the rats. there were no significant differences in 59re retention between iron-adequate rats fed either ums or hdp. 59fe retention by iron-deficient rats was not affec ... | 1976 | 993856 |
| the possibility of dietary protective factors in duodenal ulcer. ii. an investigation into the effect of pre-feeding with different diets and of instillation of foodstuffs into the stomach on the incidence of ulcers in pylorus-ligated rats. | rats pre-fed on a south indian diet show a much higher incidence of ulceration of the stomach after pyloric ligation than those on a north indian diet. removing vegetables and pulses from the north indian diet deprives it of its protective effect. staple foodstuffs with a high buffer content (unmilled rice, unrefined wheat and a millet [ragi]) placed in the stomach after pyloric ligation are also protective, but those with a low buffer content (milled rice, tapioca, sorghum and maize) are not pr ... | 1976 | 995789 |
| [nutritive value of macaçar bean (vigna unguiculatta l.) walp (author's transl)]. | the biological value of dry and immature macaçar bean (vigna unguiculatta l.) walp, isolated or associated to manioc flour, was studied. thirty-six male albino rats, wistar strain, aged 23 days, were divided into six groups and fed experimental and control (casein) diets for 28 days. the weight curve and the per of the animals fed dry and immature macaçar bean either isolated or associated to manioc flour were lower than those of the casein group. the data lead to the conclusion that the macaçar ... | 1976 | 1013409 |
| [protein levels of bean and cassava flour mixture. 2. digestibility and biological value]. | 1975 | 1043067 | |
| digestibility of starches in infants and children. | the digestibility of various starches has been studied in normal infants of different ages. during balance periods of 3 days, while the infants were receiving known dietary quantities of the starch to be tested, the fecal content of lactic acid, glucose, dextrins, and starch was measured. after the first year of life, children were able to absorb almost completely 170 gm/m2 of body surface of cooked wheat starch given in the form of biscuit or macaroni. a lower absorption coefficient was found f ... | 1975 | 1167378 |
| nutritional studies on east african herbivores. 1. digestibilities of dry matter , crude fibre and crude protein in antelope, cattle and sheep. | 1. a series of digestibility trials was done using four animals of each of the following species: friesian cattle (bos taurus), boran zebu cattle (bos indicus), corriedale sheep, fat-tailed sheep, eland (taurotragus oryx pallas), coke's hartebeest (alcelaphus buselaphus cokei günther), thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsonii günther) and bush duiker (sylvicapra grimmia l.). 2. two batches of pelleted food were prepared from ground maize cobs, cassava, whs (a-e) were prepared containing 65 (a)-135 ( ... | 1975 | 1172929 |
| [influence of increasing tapioca supplements on nitrogen metabolism in wethers]. | 1975 | 1224815 | |
| [acid hydrolysis of mandioca]. | the influence of time of hydrolysis, pression of the process, ratio of mass of flour and volume and concentration of the acid solution was studied in the hydrolytic processes for cassava flour. the aim was to obtain fermentable sugars, and the results were submitted to variance analysis. | 2016 | 1228838 |
| cloning, partial sequencing and expression of a cdna coding for branching enzyme in cassava. | branching enzyme is involved in the synthesis of amylopectin in plant reserve starch. a cdna coding for cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) branching enzyme was cloned from a lambda gt11 cdna library using a potato cdna probe. the cloned cdna was partially sequenced. the sequence data confirmed the identity of the clone when compared to that of potato, the homology being ca. 80% at the nucleotide level and 85% at the amino acid level. furthermore, the cloned cassava cdna was able to restore branc ... | 1992 | 1281436 |
| a monkey model for mucoid vasculopathy. | mucoid vasculopathy is a new vascular entity observed by the author in autopsy material in kerala, a southwest coastal state of tropical india. this non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory connective tissue disorder affects mainly arteries, veins, vasa-nervosum and fascial tissues. characteristically, there are large deposits of acid mucopolysaccharide (glycosaminoglycan) material in the intima and media of arteries, accompanied by hyperplastic changes in cellular elements of the vessel wall and d ... | 1992 | 1295931 |
| voluntary intake of "tiquira", an alcoholic beverage prepared from fermented manioc, decreases immunoglobulin production and increases self-reactivity in mice. | we studied the effects of chronic voluntary ingestion of "tiquira" (50%)--an alcoholic beverage prepared from fermented manioc, widely consumed in maranhão,--on the natural immunological activity of young adult (2-3 months old) c57b1/6j mice (16-17 g) by evaluating the number of plaque-forming cells (pfcs) in the spleen and by titrating serum antibodies by elisa. voluntary ingestion of "tiquira" for 30 days decreased immunoglobulin secretion in serum (control: 1600 +/- 30 vs experimental: 193 +/ ... | 1992 | 1304941 |
| quality control of food products purchased by the national school-feeding programme in pernambuco, northeast brazil, from 1985 to 1988. | the effectiveness of the quality control system (qcs) implemented by the fundação de assistência ao escolar (fae) for quality control of food products from different types and origins purchased by the national school-feeding programme (nsfp) in pernambuco, northeast brazil, was evaluated. physicochemical, microbiological, microscopical and organopetical analyses were performed in 4,860 food samples and the main causes of alterations were detected. perishability was the characteristic used for di ... | 1992 | 1342181 |
| fumaric acid production from hydrolysates of starch-based substrates. | fumaric acid production by rhizopus arrhizus from commercial hydrolysates of corn starch (i.e. glucose molasses) was studied at different initial concentrations of glucose (s) and c:n ratios (r) by performing a 3(2) factorial experiment. by using the response surface methodology and statistical analysis, fumaric acid (yf) and mycelial biomass (yx) yields, as referred to the initial concentration of glucose and fumaric acid productivity (pf), were fitted to the only significant first-order effect ... | 1992 | 1368809 |
| iodine deficiency, other trace elements, and goitrogenic factors in the etiopathogeny of iodine deficiency disorders (idd). | severe goiter, cretinism, and the other iodine deficiency disorders (idd) have their main cause in the lack of availability of iodine from the soil linked to a severe limitation of food exchanges. apart from the degrees of severity of the iodine deficiency, the frequencies and symptomatologies of cretinism and the other idd are influenced by other goitrogenic factors and trace elements. thiocyanate overload originating from consumption of poorly detoxified cassava is such that this goitrogenic f ... | 1992 | 1375059 |
| chronic pancreatitis and diabetes. | chronic pancreatitis is defined by a persistent destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma replaced by fibrosis. the lesions generally start in the exocrine gland, islets being attacked later in the fibrosis. the two most frequent forms are: 1. chronic calcifying pancreatitis which is a pancreatic lithiasis responsible for more than 95% of chronic pancreatitis. in its most frequent form, calculi are built up of more than 98% calcium salts together with fibres of a degraded residue of lithostathine ... | 1992 | 1445167 |
| comparison of the effects of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) organic cyanide and inorganic cyanide on muscle and bone development in a nigerian breed of dog. | effects of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz)-borne organic cyanide and inorganic cyanide in the form of sodium cyanide on bone and muscle development were investigated in eighteen dogs of nigerian breed. after 16 weeks of stabilization in the laboratory from the time of purchase when the dogs were fed on the same diet, they were randomly assigned to three experimental groups of six dogs each. the control group was fed on rice while the other two groups were fed on either cassava (gari) or rice ... | 1992 | 1445827 |
| histopathological changes in rat pancreas after fasting and cassava feeding. | histopathological changes in rat pancreas were induced by cyclic periods of experimental malnutrition or by cassava (manioc) feeding for 11 weeks. decline of body weight was correlated with decrease in testicular fat pad weight as a measure of body fat stores. a marked decrease in pancreatic weight in the cassava-fed group was correlated with shrinkage of acinar structures and degenerative features in exocrine pancreas. in the malnutrition group vacuolisation and loss of tissue architecture were ... | 1992 | 1457749 |
| rna-primed complementary-sense dna synthesis of the geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus. | the plant dna virus african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) is believed to replicate by a rolling circle mechanism. to investigate complementary-sense dna (lagging strand) synthesis, we have analysed the heterogenous form of complementary-sense dna (h3 dna) from infected nicotiana benthamiana by two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis and blot hybridisation. the presence of an rna moeity is demonstrated by comparison of results for nucleic acids resolved on neutral/alkaline and neutral/formamide ... | 1992 | 1475192 |
| cassava (ubi kayu) poisoning in children. | three sisters with cassava poisoning are described. a review of the toxic properties of cassava is presented together with discussion on the methods of its preparation, its adverse effects on man, its detoxification in the body, and the treatment of its poisoning. | 1992 | 1491651 |
| [the use of tapioca as coverage in viral titration]. | virus titration is an important step required on viral vaccines quality control. "plaque assay", which employs several types of overlay media, is usually used on viral titrations. in this paper we describe the use of tapioca as an overlay media. firstly, the toxicity of tapioca was tested on vero cells inoculated or not with the yellow fever virus (yf) 17dd vaccine strain. secondly, different batches of the 17dd virus using the tapioca and karaya gum as the overlay on vero cells were tested when ... | 1992 | 1492720 |
| effects of different rates of drying cassava root on its toxicity to broiler chicks. | 1. the effects of drying cassava root at different rates on its composition and toxicity to broiler chicks were examined. unpeeled roots from a high-cyanide cultivar of cassava were chipped and dried at 25 degrees c to a moisture content of below 100 g/kg over 24 h for fast-dried meal (fd) or 72 h for slow-dried meal (sd). the meals were incorporated at 250 and 500 g/kg into semi-synthetic diets which were fed to day-old broiler chicks as mash or pellets in separate experiments. 2. the two dryin ... | 1992 | 1493553 |
| [endemic goiter in the la kara region (togo). analysis of etiologic factors]. | among 6,035 people living in 3 villages from the area of la kara (togo), 984 randomized subjects were investigated to evaluate goiter prevalence and related etiologic factors. creatinine and thiocyanates (scn-) were measured in urine, thyroid hormones and tsh in plasma. iodine was evaluated in urine, water, salt, soil, millet and sorgho. the amount of cassava was evaluated in food. mean goiter prevalence was 32%, reaching to 45.9% in one village; urinary iodine remained in a low range (27.2 +/- ... | 1992 | 1504874 |
| the use of african cassava mosaic virus as a vector system for plants. | this paper describes the development of a gene-displacement vector based on dna1, one of two single stranded circular genomic components of a bipartite geminivirus, african cassava mosaic virus (acmv). the dna1 molecules of acmv were cloned as dimers into a plant transformation vector and the constructs have been integrated into tobacco protoplasts by peg-mediated dna transfer. in transgenic plants extrachromosomal copies of dna1 monomers could be detected. deletion of the coat protein-encoding ... | 1992 | 1537557 |
| inhibition of african cassava mosaic virus systemic infection by a movement protein from the related geminivirus tomato golden mosaic virus. | plant viruses encode proteins that mediate their movement through the host plant leading to the establishment of a systemic infection. we have analyzed the effect of tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) genes bl1 and br1, which are thought to be involved in the process of virus movement, on the infectivity of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) in nicotiana benthamiana. recombinant genomes were constructed by replacing the acmv coat protein coding sequence with those of either bl1 or br1. replicati ... | 1992 | 1546454 |
| studies on weaning diets in nigeria: 2 protein sources. | protein isolates were extracted from melon, groundnut, and soybean cakes in an aqueous system that could potentially yield both oil and protein from oilseeds quantitatively. protein isolates obtained were 91.2, 78.6 and 79.5% of the total protein content of melon, groundnut and soybean cakes respectively. both cakes and isolates were assessed in a rat bioassay while breadfruit, cassava, and corn starch were also investigated as sources of carbohydrate. results showed that there were no significa ... | 1992 | 1574484 |
| regulation of the activities of african cassava mosaic virus promoters by the ac1, ac2, and ac3 gene products. | dna fragments comprising each of the promoter regions from the geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) were cloned into the puc18-based vector, pg1, producing transcriptional fusions with the beta-glucuronidase gene (gus) and nopaline synthase terminator sequence. the relative activity of each promoter construct was analyzed by a gus expression assay of extracts from nicotiana clevelandii protoplasts coelectroporated with the gus reporter constructs and constructs in which individual acm ... | 1992 | 1585657 |
| a molecular and biochemical analysis of the structure of the cyanogenic beta-glucosidase (linamarase) from cassava (manihot esculenta cranz). | the cyanogenic beta-glucosidase (linamarase) of cassava is responsible for the first step in the sequential break-down of two related cyanoglucosides. hydrolysis of these cyanoglucosides occurs following tissue damage and leads to the production of hydrocyanic acid. this mechanism is widely regarded as a defense mechanism against predation. a linamarase cdna clone (pcas5) was isolated from a cotyledon cdna library using a white clover beta-glucosidase heterologous probe. the nucleotide and deriv ... | 1992 | 1586156 |
| new interpretations in rhinosporidiosis, enigmatic disease of the last nine decades. | fungal etiology is widely quoted for the disease rhinosporidiosis. identity of the fungal sporangium and its relationship with the disease have baffled medical scientists and mycologists for several decades. this study provides unequivocal evidence against involvement of fungus in rhinosporidiosis. the so-called sporangium is found to be a unique body containing residue-loaded lysosomal bodies ('spores') for elimination from the system. 'sporangia' have been redesignated nodular bodies (nb) and ... | 1992 | 1617607 |
| a review of toxicity factors in some food and feedingstuffs in the nutrition of man and livestock in nigeria. | a review of the toxicity factors in some food and feedingstuffs in the nutrition of man and livestock in nigeria was conducted. the crops reviewed were cassava, cocoyam, guinea corn, cottonseed, soyabean, bambara, groundnut and cowpea. these crops provide cheap sources of carbohydrate and protein in the diets of humans and livestock. however, antinutritional factors inhibit their use. antinutritional or toxic factors associated with them are reviewed and means of detoxifying them for human and l ... | 1992 | 1621369 |
| evaluation of substrates and storage conditions for preparing and maintaining starter cultures for tempeh fermentation. | heat-pasteurized cassava root, cowpeas, partially defatted peanuts, rice and soybeans were evaluated for their suitability to support growth and sporulation of the tempeh mold, rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus, and the oncom mold, neurospora intermedia, at 25, 30 and 37 degrees c. the molds grew best and sporulated most luxuriantly on cassava and rice incubated at 37 degrees c. viability of molds remained high for up to 30 weeks when dried (a(w) 0.48), powdered substrates on which the molds ... | 1992 | 1622761 |
| vasculopathic and cardiomyopathic changes induced by low-protein high-carbohydrate tapioca based diet in bonnet monkey. vasculopathic and cardiomyopathic changes in induced malnutrition. | mucoid vasculopathy is an entity characterized by a generalized mucopolysaccharidosis of blood vessels. it has been observed in patients from our institute. bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) were given low-protein normal-carbohydrate and low-protein high-carbohydrate tapioca based diets for experimental periods of 3 or 5 months. the latter diet is similar to that consumed by people from this part of india (kerala) where mucoid vasculopathy is observed. vascular lesions were seen in all test animal ... | 1992 | 1627329 |
| the toxic effects of cassava (manihot esculenta grantz) diets on humans: a review. | the toxic effects of cassava diets on humans were reviewed. some newspapers in nigeria have reported deaths associated with cassava meal consumption. the papers looked into the toxic factors in cassava, their causes, the resultant effects on humans, and the reasons why cassava diets became popular in nigeria. suggestions were made on how to process cassava to make it safe for human consumption. the reported deaths may have occurred due to improper processing. this may have left traces of hydroge ... | 1991 | 1650055 |
| transient gene expression in cassava using high-velocity microprojectiles. | the bacterial gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (gus) was transiently expressed in cassava leaves following the introduction of the gene by microparticle bombardment. the dna expression vector used to introduce the reporter gene is a puc 19 derivative and consisted of a camv 35s promoter (p35s), the gus coding region and 7s polyadenylation region. several other promoters and regulating sequences were tested for efficiency in cassava leaves. two derivatives of the p35s, one including a partial dup ... | 1991 | 1653061 |
| digestibility of a nutritionally-balanced cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) diet and its effect on growth in young male dogs. | experiments were carried out to study the digestibility of a cassava (gari) diet and its effect on growth in young male dogs. three groups of dogs were fed on diets with rice (control), cassava (gari), and rice + cyanide respectively as the carbohydrate source. each diet contained 130 g crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25)/kg, was supplemented with vitamins and minerals, and was fed for 14 weeks. variables measured were body-weight gain, bone growth, plasma alkaline phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.1) activity, ... | 1991 | 1662068 |
| hormonal and biochemical patterns in subjects from a new endemic goiter area in the central african republic. | hormonal serum patterns of 268 subjects, living in rural villages and in the chief town of the ouham province (bocaranga), were studied to accomplish a survey in this endemic goiter area of the central african republic (car). circulating tsh, tt3, tt4, ft4, rt3 and tg were determined in an accurately randomized population sample. urinary excretion of iodine and thiocyanate (scn) was also measured. the comparison of the mean values of such parameters with control values showed statistically signi ... | 1991 | 1726902 |
| the biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in seedlings of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | a microsomal system catalyzing the in vitro synthesis of the aglycones of the two cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin has been isolated from young etiolated seedlings of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). a prerequisite to obtain active preparations is the complete removal of the endosperm pellicle covering the cotyledons before seedling homogenization. the rates of conversion of the parent amino acids valine and isoleucine to their cyanohydrins are 19 and 6 nmol/h/mg protein, resp ... | 1992 | 1727632 |
| cardiovascular effects in bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) of a cassava-based protein-deficient diet. | bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) were maintained for up to 5 mo on protein-deficient diets that contained tapioca starch (cassava starch) as the source of carbohydrate. the animals developed mucopolysaccharidosis of blood vessels and cardiomyopathic changes in the heart. these changes were similar to the mucoid vasculopathy and cardiomyopathy seen in kerala where tapioca is consumed as a staple diet by a large proportion of the people. the lesions were enhanced by longer duration of feeling the d ... | 1991 | 1746130 |
| dietary exposure to aflatoxin in benin city, nigeria: a possible public health concern. | a total of 100 samples of various foods comprising of 10 samples each of garri (manihot utilis pohl), beans (phaseolus lunatus), yam flour (dioscorea rotundata), cassava flour (manihot esculentum), melon (citrulus lunatus), onion (allium cepa), rice (oryza sativa), plantain (musa paradisiaca), red pepper (capsicum annuum l., solanaceae) and eggs were screened for the presence of aflatoxins. fifty percent of yam flour; 40% of cassava flour; 30% of garri; 20% of beans and melon and 10% of rice yie ... | 1991 | 1777386 |
| comparative feeding value of tapioca pellets for feedlot cattle. | a feedlot growth-performance trial and a metabolism trial were conducted to evaluate the comparative feeding value of tapioca pellets (tp). in the growth-performance trial treatments consisted of a steam-flaked corn (sfc)-based finishing diet in which a blend of 86% tp and 14% peanut meal replaced sfc at the rate of 0, 15, or 30% of diet dm. daily weight gain (p less than .10) and dm intake (p less than .01) were greatest when 15% of the diet dm consisted of tp. feed/gain increased linearly (p l ... | 1991 | 1808169 |
| [hormone profile of hypothyroidism in an area of the central african republic with endemic goiter]. | in the ouham region of centro african republic, one of the present authors (b.p.) described a severe goiter endemia due to marked iodine deficiency and high daily intake of manioc as staple food. in the present study serum tsh, t3 and t4 of 233 subjects were determined; 150 of them lived in rural villages (group 1) and 83 lived in bocaranga, chief town of the province (group 2). the blood samples done contemporaneously to the epidemiological survey, were strictly randomized in the population exa ... | 1991 | 1809307 |
| [thyroid hormone profiles in goitrous and non-goitrous subjects seen in an endemic goiter area of the central african republic]. | in the present study t3, t4, tsh serum concentrations were measured in 166 subjects whose goiter grading was ascertained according to who classification; 39 of them had no goiter (grading 0), 127 were goitrous with a grading comprised between 1a and 4. the two samples were composed by males and females of various ages whose choice was strictly predetermined by random numbers. the median ages of 127 goitrous and 39 non goitrous subjects were respectively 23.5 years and 33.5 years; 30 males and 5 ... | 1991 | 1809308 |
| socioeconomic, social behaviour and dietary patterns among malaysian aborigines and rural native malays. | the socioeconomic, social behaviour and dietary pattern of 100 aborigines and malays, aged 7 years and above from kuala pangsoon, selangor malaysia were studied by using pretested questionnaires. the individual's dietary intake was estimated using 24 hour recall for 3 days within one week which was chosen at random. the household's food consumption pattern was evaluated using food frequency questionnaires. there was no difference in the total income per month for both communities, as well as the ... | 1991 | 1839916 |
| community perceptions on diarrheal diseases: a case study in swampy lowland area of south sumatra, indonesia. the diarrheal diseases research and training study group. | four investigators conducted participative observation at 4 hamlets, representing 4 typical topography in the area, wet or dry near the river and wet or dry far from the river, in district rambutan, south sumatera province, indonesia from july 1988 up until february 1989 to study the community perception and practices on diarrheal diseases (dd). the observation was supported by focus group discussions and informal interviews. it was found that the causes of dd can be grouped into: dirty water; w ... | 1991 | 1852467 |
| whole blood cyanide levels of mainly dietary origin in a human population sample in port harcourt, nigeria. | whole blood cyanide levels in a human population sample of volunteers known to each gari-based meals at least once a day were determined. the most widely eaten cassava product in the area of research is gari. the mean blood cyanide obtained for healthy normal volunteers was 0.294 +/- 0.09 mumol/l while the value for sicklers was 0.398 +/- 0.008 mumol/l, indicating the possibility of reduced rate of metabolism and excretion of cyanide by sicklers as compared to non-sicklers. investigation of post ... | 1991 | 1852725 |
| african cassava mosaic virus di dna interferes with the replication of both genomic components. | natural infections of the geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) are known to be associated with low levels of defective interfering (di) dnas. recently it has been demonstrated that extrachromosomal copies of the di dna, mobilized and amplified from an integrated di dna dimer, can ameliorate acmv symptoms in transformed nicotiana benthamiana, providing a possible means for the control of cassava mosaic disease. to further understand the molecular basis of the interference phenomenon, w ... | 1991 | 1853559 |
| association of hyperglycemia with dietary cyanogen and socio-economic level. the study of rural communities in south-east nigeria. | an association of asymptomatic hyperglycemia with dietary cyanogens and socio-economic level was ascertained in 2,000 volunteers in rural communities in south-east nigeria. the staples of the poor consisted of one or two bulky carbohydrate meals (derivatives of different species of cocoyam, cassava, yam and maize) eaten with vegetable soup in palm oil, melon seeds, snail, occasional meat and fish. the diet of the high income class included also beans, rice and more animal proteins. alcohol (main ... | 1981 | 1862689 |
| the effect of a nutritionally-balanced cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) diet on endocrine function using the dog as a model. 1. pancreas. | growing dogs were divided into three groups and were fed on a control (rice) diet, a diet in which cassava (manihot esculenta crantz; gari) was used as the carbohydrate source, and the rice diet to which cyanide (equivalent to that present in gari) was added. each group consumed its diet for 14 weeks, during which plasma thiocyanate concentration and plasma lipase (ec 3.1.1.3) activity were monitored. plasma free amino acids were determined from pooled samples taken at the end of the experimenta ... | 1991 | 1878356 |
| the effect of a nutritionally-balanced cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) diet on endocrine function using the dog as a model. 2. thyroid. | growing dogs were divided into three groups and were fed on nutritionally-balanced diets. control dogs were fed on a rice diet, the cassava (gari) group ate a diet in which gari provided the carbohydrate source, while the rice + cyanide group consumed the rice diet to which hydrocyanic acid (equivalent to that present in gari) was added. each group consumed its diet for 14 weeks, during which plasma thiocyanate concentration and total serum triiodothyronine (t3) were monitored. at the end of the ... | 1991 | 1878357 |
| [insulin secretion in nondiabetic manioc consumers]. | the study of pancreatic beta cell function during an intravenous glucose tolerance test performed on 28 healthy cassava eaters showed 3 types of response: normal insulin secretion in 17 subjects, a significantly elevated peak at 30 min, compared to the control group (6 subjects p less than 0.0125), with preservation of insulin secretion dynamics, and a late peak at 120 min. (5 subjects p less than 0.0125). among the different factors capable of stimulating insulin secretion, in absence of a sign ... | 1982 | 1915997 |
| tomato yellow leaf curl virus: a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus with a single genomic component. | the genome of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), a bemisia tabaci-transmitted geminivirus, was cloned. all clones obtained were of one genomic molecule, analogous to dna a of african cassava mosaic virus. nucleotide sequence analysis of the tylcv genome showed that it comprises 2787 nucleotides, encoding six open reading frames, two on the virion strand and four on the complementary strand. all of them have counterparts in other geminiviruses. dimeric copies of the cloned viral genome we ... | 1991 | 1926771 |
| analysis of the potential promoter sequences of african cassava mosaic virus by transient expression of the beta-glucuronidase gene. | dna fragments from promoter regions of the geminivirus, african cassava mosaic virus, were cloned into pg1, a vector based on puc18, producing transcriptional fusions with the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene and nopaline synthase termination sequence. the activity of each promoter construct was assessed by analysing the transient expression of gus in nicotiana clevelandii protoplasts. the results demonstrated that constructs containing the common region of dna a showed much stronger promoter activ ... | 1991 | 1940874 |
| comparative continuous-indirect-calorimetry study of two carbohydrates with different glycemic indices. | six healthy young men were studied by indirect calorimetry for 6 h after eating a meal composed of glucose or manioc starch (equivalent to 50 g dextrose). blood was drawn every 30 min for 6 h to measure plasma glucose, free fatty acid (ffa), and insulin concentrations. the glycemic index of the starch was 57%. plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were significantly higher from 150 to 210 min and ffa concentrations remained significantly lower from 210 to 360 min after starch than after gluc ... | 2007 | 1951156 |
| formulation of a flowable liquid concentrate of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 spores and crystals as mosquito larvicide. | bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 spores and crystals, produced in 51 fermenters, were centrifuged and resuspended in emulsified palm olein to give 3.2 x 10(11) colony forming units (cfu)/ml. the suspension was mixed with a cassava-molasses-palm olein-charcoal (cmpc-2) mixture which served as the carrier, adhesive, dispersant and protectant. the final concentration of the formulation was 3.2 x 10(9) cfu/ml. the lethal concentrations capable of killing 50% of the test population (lc50) of cmpc ... | 1991 | 1955414 |
| utility of cheap carbon & nitrogen sources for the production of a mosquito-pathogenic fungus, lagenidium. | attempts were made to produce lagenidium in culture media containing corn starch, barley flour, wheat flour, jaggery, rice bran, rice flour or tapioca starch as the major carbon source and groundnut cake as nitrogen source in comparison with peptone-yeast extract-glucose-sunflower oil (pygsf) agar medium. the number of zoospores produced by the mycelia grown in pygsf agar medium was 20 x 10(4)/10 cm2 while that grown in the other media was 20-25 x 10(4)/10 cm2. with respect to the larvicidal act ... | 1990 | 1971615 |
| mutational analysis of complementary-sense genes of african cassava mosaic virus dna a. | we have investigated the ability of african cassava mosaic virus dna a mutants, containing disrupted complementary-sense genes, to infect nicotiana benthamiana and to replicate in nicotiana tabacum protoplasts. three overlapping open reading frames (orfs) with the capacity to encode proteins with an mr greater than 10k (ac1, ac2 and ac3) are highly conserved between geminiviruses that infect dicotyledonous plants and one (ac4) is less well conserved. of these, only ac1 is a prerequisite for dna ... | 1991 | 2033385 |
| dna forms of the geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus consistent with a rolling circle mechanism of replication. | we have analysed dna from african cassava mosaic virus (acmv)-infected nicotiana benthamiana by two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis and detected acmv-specific dnas by blot-hybridisation. acmv dna forms including the previously characterised single-stranded, open-circular, linear and supercoiled dnas along with five previously uncharacterised heterogeneous dnas (h1-h5) were resolved. the heterogeneous dnas were characterised by their chromatographic properties on bnd-cellulose and their a ... | 1991 | 2041773 |
| mutagenesis of the ac3 open reading frame of african cassava mosaic virus dna a reduces dna b replication and ameliorates disease symptoms. | small insertions were made independently at each of four unique restriction sites on african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) dna a to disrupt the three overlapping complementary-sense open reading frames (orfs) herein designated ac1, ac2 and ac3. the dna a mutants were assayed for their infectivity by agroinoculation of monomeric constructs to nicotiana benthamiana plants containing chromosomal insertions of acmv dna b. disruption of the ac3 orf alone resulted in a delay and amelioration of disease ... | 1991 | 2045787 |
| energy value of cassava for young swine. | a comparative slaughter experiment was conducted to determine the energy values of cassava chips for weanling pigs. a basal, highly fortified diet was fed to all pigs at 3% body weight daily. treatments consisted of the addition of cassava chips at 0, 1, and 2% of body weight daily. the apparent digestion coefficients (adc) for dry matter and energy increased but the adc for nitrogen decreased with the addition of cassava chips to the basal diet. digestible energy per gram decreased linearly and ... | 1991 | 2071498 |
| [thyroid hormone levels in persons without gout, residents of antananarivo, and in subjects consuming manioc]. | 1990 | 2137924 | |
| farmers' loss due to guinea worm disease: a pilot study. | guinea worm disease has been blamed for much disability and loss of productivity among farmers in africa and south asia. many studies have tried to equate days lost in illness to monetary values. these attempts often overlook the process of disability in relation to farming patterns. this pilot effort uses a qualitative case study approach to learn about how guinea worm can cause loss to farmers. twenty in-depth interviews with affected farmers showed that their losses are related to the time of ... | 1990 | 2139137 |
| enrichment of nutrient quality of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) with microbial proteins. | the effect of fermentation on the nutrient quality of cassava was investigated. chemical analysis revealed a general increase in ash, fibre and crude protein content of the fermented cassava mash, while the carbohydrate content showed a substantial decrease. the results of the chemical analysis indicated that fermentation resulted in a slight protein enrichment of the fermentated cassava mash. when active yeast cells were inoculated into the cassava mash before fermentation, the yeast cells grew ... | 1990 | 2174155 |
| the effects of host diet on plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis. | a comparative study carried out on infected mice to investigate the effect of host diet on plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis showed that concentrations of blood protein, hemoglobin, and erythrocytes began to decrease in infected mice on day 2 after inoculation and reached the lowest levels on day 8. the greatest decrease was among mice fed on protein-rich mouse cubes, whereas the least decrease was among mice fed on cassava meal. inflammation of the spleens and livers of infected mice also was notic ... | 1990 | 2254825 |
| nucleotide sequence of the infectious cloned dna components of african cassava mosaic virus (nigerian strain). | 1990 | 2308831 | |
| urea metabolism in sheep given conventional feeds or nourished by intragastric infusion. | a comparison has been made of the kinetics of urea metabolism in sheep given conventional feeds or maintained wholly by intragastric infusions of volatile fatty acids, buffer, mineral and casein solutions. daily nitrogen supply was 13.2 g/day in 'fed' sheep and 6.0 g/day in 'infusion' sheep. on each feeding system measurements were made at the basal (maintenance) level of intake and when the basal level was supplemented with infusions of urea into the abomasum (125 mmol/day) or into the rumen (3 ... | 1990 | 2340163 |
| geminivirus coat protein gene replacement alters insect specificity. | chimeric clones have been constructed in which the coat protein encoded by dna a of the bipartite genome of the geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) has been replaced by that of beet curly top virus (bctv). constructs containing the coding region inserted in either orientation were infectious when co-inoculated with acmv dna b onto nicotiana benthamiana, producing symptoms typical of acmv infection. the onset of symptom production was delayed relative to plants inoculated with parenta ... | 1990 | 2353465 |
| defective viral dna ameliorates symptoms of geminivirus infection in transgenic plants. | nicotiana benthamiana was transformed with a single copy of a tandem repeat of subgenomic dna b isolated from plants infected with a kenyan isolate of the bipartite geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus. symptoms in transformed plants were less severe than in nontransformed controls when challenged with virus or cloned dna of kenyan or nigerian isolates. symptom amelioration was associated with the mobilization and amplification of the subgenomic dna, producing a comparable reduction in the a ... | 1990 | 2385593 |
| [ergosterol as a measure for fungal growth in feed. 2. ergosterol content of mixed feed components and mixed feed]. | ergosterol was determined as a chemical indicator of fungal biomass in commodities which were used for the production of mixed feeds. it was found in all samples of each of the following components (content in mg/kg dm): wheat (2.6 +/- 1.0), low grade wheat flour (fibre less than or equal to 3.5%) (17.3 +/- 9.1), wheat semolina bran (fibre less than or equal to 10%) (29.4 +/- 16.8), wheat bran (35.2 +/- 9.4), grain corn (1.0 +/- 0.6), corn gluten feed (7.8 +/- 3.0), corn gluten (10.3 +/- 5.0), m ... | 1990 | 2400324 |
| the mutagenicity of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) preparations. | different cassava products were found to contain mutagenic activities in the ames test. this paper describes how the flavonol quercetin is released during the cooking of fresh cassava leaves, following a process very similar to culinary habits. the hydrolysis of the glucoside(s) and the release of free quercetin has been followed by the monitoring of mutagenic activities with a simultaneous isolation and purification by thin-layer chromatography. the fluorodensitometric method applied revealed t ... | 1990 | 2407573 |
| comparative study of the surface charge of some isolates of trypanosomatids of the genus phytomonas. | the surface charge of different isolates of phytomonas from euphorbia hyssopifolia, euphorbia pinea, euphorbia characias and manihot esculenta was analysed by the binding of cationic particles (colloidal iron hydroxide at ph 1.8 and cationized ferritin at ph 7.2) to the protozoan surface and by determination of the cell electrophoretic mobility (epm). all the isolates had a net negative surface charge, and the isolate from e. hyssopifolia manifested the greatest negative charge. a good relations ... | 1989 | 2517559 |
| pattern of enzyme changes in rabbits administered linamarin or potassium cyanide. | diseases like tropical ataxic neuropathy and endemic goitre have been reported to have definite correlation with a chronic ingestion of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). the toxicity of cassava has been attributed to its two cyanogenic glycosides, linamarin and lotaustralin. in this study, an attempt has been made to understand the pattern of changes in certain clinically significant enzymes brought about by the chronic administration of sublethal doses of linamarin to rabbits. the profound el ... | 1989 | 2555300 |
| effects of tapioca obtained from cassava (manihot utilissima) on the disintegration and dissolution rates of paracetamol tablets. | the properties of tapioca obtained from cassava (manihot utilissima) have been evaluated. its binding effect in tablets of paracetamol on the disintegration and dissolution rates was compared with tablets prepared with polyvinylpyrrolidone and gelatin. the nature and amount of the binders were found to alter the disintegration and dissolution rates of the tablets by reducing their wettability as measured by the adhesion tension of water. a linear relationship has been found to exist between the ... | 2008 | 2565972 |
| digestibility of native and modified starches: in vitro studies with human and rabbit pancreatic amylases and in vivo studies in rabbits. | the effects of cooking and chemical modification of purified starches on the relative rates and extent of their hydrolysis were studied in vitro by using purified human and rabbit pancreatic amylases. comparison was made with an in vivo study of postprandial glucose and insulin response in adult rabbits. uncooked starches showed negligible hydrolysis in vitro, whereas cooking (10 min, 100 degrees c) increased both the rate and extent of hydrolysis of all starches. soluble potato starch was the m ... | 1985 | 2578187 |
| aflatoxin levels in foodstuffs in fiji and tonga islands. | fungal growth is a major problem of food storage in humid environments, as occur in south pacific countries for parts of the year. major crops, including edible nuts, copra and root crops, are susceptible to aspergillus growth and therefore potential contamination with aflatoxin. liver cancer occurs in fiji and tonga, with the occurrence in fijians being significantly higher than in the indian population. thirty-three peanut samples from farmers were analysed for aflatoxin and 50% of the samples ... | 1989 | 2631094 |