Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| viral metagenomic analysis of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) with enteritis in the republic of korea. | we performed viral metagenomics analysis of japanese quail affected with enteritis to elucidate the viral etiology. metagenomics generated 21,066,442 sequence reads via high-throughput sequencing, with a mean length of 136 nt. enrichment in viral sequences suggested that at least three viruses were present in quail samples. coronavirus and picornavirus were identified and are known as pathogens causing quail enteritis that match the observed morphology. abundant reads of coronavirus from quail s ... | 2021 | 34339120 |
| transcriptome analysis of primary chicken cells infected with infectious bronchitis virus strain k047-12 isolated in korea. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), an avian coronavirus, is highly contagious. chickens with ibv infection develop acute pathogenesis in multiple organs, including the respiratory and urogenital tracts. frequent recombination in the spike (s) glycoprotein gene has made vaccine strategies ineffective. to understand ibv pathogenesis, we analyzed the genetic distance between korean ibv isolates and other coronaviruses, including sars-cov-2. to obtain comprehensive information about early immune res ... | 2021 | 34089367 |
| infectious bronchitis associated with escherichia coli infection in commercial broiler chickens: a case report. | in this case report, we have investigated the infectious bronchitis (ib) virus (ibv) outbreak with the co-infection of escherichia coli in 28-33-day-old broiler chickens in malaysia. | 2021 | 33860019 |
| whole-genome sequence of avian coronavirus from a 15-year-old sample confirms evidence of ga08-like strain circulation 4 years prior to its first reported outbreak. | here, we report the complete genome sequence of an avian coronavirus strain ga08-like isolate from a fecal sample from a broiler chicken collected in georgia in 2004. the viral genome in this 15-year-old sample provides evidence for the circulation of the ga08-like strain at least 4 years before its first report in 2008. | 2021 | 33858916 |
| cross-species surveillance and risk factors associated with avian coronavirus in north-central and south west regions of nigeria. | infectious bronchitis viral (ibv) (avian coronavirus) diseases is among the major reproductive diseases affecting the avian production in africa. there is scanty information on its current status and vaccination compliance among captive wild birds (cwb) and indigenous chickens (lc) in nigeria. this study aimed to assess the exposure and the risk factors associated with ibv in cwb and lc from north-central and south west regions of nigeria. sera samples from 218 lc and 43 cwb were examined for ib ... | 2021 | 33797520 |
| design and characterization of a dna vaccine based on spike with consensus nucleotide sequence against infectious bronchitis virus. | avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes severe economic losses in the poultry industry, but its control is hampered by the continuous emergence of new genotypes and the lack of cross-protection among different ibv genotypes. we designed a new immunogen based on a spike with the consensus nucleotide sequence (s_con) that may overcome the extraordinary genetic diversity of ibv. s_con was cloned into a pvax1 vector to form a new ibv dna vaccine, pv-s_con. pv-s_con could be correc ... | 2021 | 33466810 |
| the v617i substitution in avian coronavirus ibv spike protein plays a crucial role in adaptation to primary chicken kidney cells. | the naturally isolated avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) generally cannot replicate in chicken kidney (ck) cells. to explore the molecular mechanism of ibv adapting to ck cells, a series of recombinant viruses were constructed by chimerizing the s genes of ck cell-adapted strain h120 and non-adapted strain ibyz. the results showed that the s2 subunit determines the difference in cell tropism of the two strains. after comparing the amino acid sequences of s protein of ck cell-ad ... | 2020 | 33391226 |
| gammacoronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus and alphacoronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus exploit a cell-survival strategy via upregulation of cfos to promote viral replication. | coronaviruses have evolved a variety of strategies to optimize cellular microenvironment for efficient replication. in this study, we report the induction of ap-1 transcription factors by coronavirus infection based on genome-wide analyses of differentially expressed genes in cells infected with avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). most members of the ap-1 transcription factors were subsequently found to be upregulated during the course of ibv and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ... | 2020 | 33239458 |
| emergence of avian coronavirus genotype gi-11 in colombia. | avian coronavirus (avcov/ibv) is a virus with high morbidity, which can cause respiratory, digestive, renal, and reproductive diseases in chickens. molecular detection and sequencing are the main tool for identification and classification of avcov. thirty-six samples were collected in three broiler farms from different regions in colombia, due to mortality increase; ten samples were positive using rt-qpcr targeted to the 5' utr of avcov, and one sample was positive and had its partial s gene seq ... | 2020 | 33104974 |
| coronavirus: proteomics analysis of chicken kidney tissue infected with variant 2 (is-1494)-like avian infectious bronchitis virus. | avian infectious bronchitis virus is one of the most important gammacoronaviruses, which causes a highly contagious disease. in this study, we investigated changes in the proteome of kidney tissue of specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens that were infected with an isolate of the nephrotropic variant 2 genotype (is/1494/06) of avian coronavirus. twenty 1-day-old spf white leghorn chickens were randomly divided into two groups, each comprising 10 chickens, which were kept in separate positive-pres ... | 2020 | 33083914 |
| treatment with exogenous trypsin expands in vitro cellular tropism of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | the gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes a highly contagious and economically important respiratory disease in poultry. in the laboratory, most ibv strains are restricted to replication in ex vivo organ cultures or in ovo and do not replicate in cell culture, making the study of their basic virology difficult. entry of ibv into cells is facilitated by the large glycoprotein on the surface of the virion, the spike (s) protein, comprised of s1 and s2 subunits. previous researc ... | 2020 | 33003350 |
| immunopathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus q1 in specific pathogen free chicks. | the immunopathogenesis of avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) q1, was investigated in specific pathogen free chicks. following infection, chicks exhibited respiratory clinical signs and reduced body weight. oropharyngeal (op) and cloacal (cl) swabs were collected at intervals and found to be rt-pcr positive, with a greater number of partial-s1 amino acid changes noted in cl swabs compared to op swabs. in tissue samples, ibv viral load peaked 9 days post infection (dpi) in the tr ... | 2020 | 32980469 |
| simple, low-cost and long-lasting film for virus inactivation using avian coronavirus model as challenge. | the covid-19 infection, caused by sars-cov-2, is inequitably distributed and more lethal among populations with lower socioeconomic status. direct contact with contaminated surfaces has been among the virus sources, as it remains infective up to days. several disinfectants have been shown to inactivate sars-cov-2, but they rapidly evaporate, are flammable or toxic and may be scarce or inexistent for vulnerable populations. therefore, we are proposing simple, easy to prepare, low-cost and efficie ... | 2020 | 32899803 |
| alteration of immunological parameters in infectious bronchitis vaccinated-specific pathogen-free broilers after the use of different infectious bursal disease vaccines. | the vaccines currently available to control infectious bursal disease (ibd) include live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines, immune-complex vaccines, and vaccines consisting of viral constructs of herpesvirus of turkeys genetically engineered to express vp2 surface protein. to evaluate the impact of vaccines on the chicken immune system, 2 animal trials were performed in specific pathogen-free broiler chickens. in trial 1, birds were either vaccinated when they are one-day old with a dual recom ... | 2020 | 32867979 |
| replicase 1a gene plays a critical role in pathogenesis of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is an important pathogen threatening poultry production worldwide. here, two recombinant ibvs (ryn-1a-ayn and ryn-1b-ayn) were generated in which orf1a or orf1b of the virulent yn genome were replaced by the corresponding regions from the attenuated strain ayn. the pathogenicity and virulence of ribvs were evaluated in ovo and in vivo. the results revealed that mutations in the orf1a gene during passage in embryonated eggs caused the decreased ... | 2020 | 32853833 |
| transient dominant selection for the modification and generation of recombinant infectious bronchitis coronaviruses. | we have developed a reverse genetics system for the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in which a full-length cdna corresponding to the ibv genome is inserted into the vaccinia virus genome under the control of a t7 promoter sequence. vaccinia virus as a vector for the full-length ibv cdna has the advantage that modifications can be introduced into the ibv cdna using homologous recombination, a method frequently used to insert and delete sequences from the vaccinia virus genome. ... | 2020 | 32833211 |
| animal coronaviruses and sars-cov-2. | covid-19 is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). it has rapidly spread to 216 countries and territories since first outbreak in december of 2019, posing a substantial economic losses and extraordinary threats to the public health worldwide. although bats have been suggested as the natural host of sars-cov-2, transmission chains of this virus, role of animals during cross-species transmission, and future concerns remain unclear. diver ... | 2020 | 32799433 |
| the characterization of chifitms in avian coronavirus infection in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro. | the coronaviruses are a large family of enveloped rna viruses that commonly cause gastrointestinal or respiratory illnesses in the infected host. avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen of chickens that can affect the kidneys and reproductive systems resulting in bird mortality and decreased reproductivity. the interferon-inducible transmembrane (ifitm) proteins are activated in response to viral infections and represent a class of cellular ... | 2020 | 32785186 |
| multiple novel non-canonically transcribed sub-genomic mrnas produced by avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | coronavirus sub-genomic mrna (sgmrna) synthesis occurs via a process of discontinuous transcription involving complementary transcription regulatory sequences (trss), one (trs-l) encompassing the leader sequence of the 5' untranslated region (utr), and the other upstream of each structural and accessory gene (trs-b). several coronaviruses have an orf located between the n gene and the 3'-utr, an area previously thought to be non-coding in the gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) du ... | 2020 | 32720890 |
| temperature sensitivity: a potential method for the generation of vaccines against the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | the gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a highly contagious economically important respiratory pathogen of domestic fowl. reverse genetics allows for the molecular study of pathogenic determinants to enable rational vaccine design. the recombinant ibv (ribv) beau-r, a molecular clone of the apathogenic beaudette strain, has previously been investigated as a vaccine platform. to determine tissues in which beau-r could effectively deliver antigenic genes, an in vivo study in chic ... | 2020 | 32674326 |
| wild birds as reservoirs for diverse and abundant gamma- and deltacoronaviruses. | wild birds interconnect all parts of the globe through annual cycles of migration with little respect for country or continental borders. although wild birds are reservoir hosts for a high diversity of gamma- and deltacoronaviruses, we have little understanding of the ecology or evolution of any of these viruses. in this review, we use genome sequence and ecological data to disentangle the evolution of coronaviruses in wild birds. specifically, we explore host range at the levels of viral genus ... | 2020 | 32672814 |
| a novel mucosal adjuvant system for immunization against avian coronavirus causing infectious bronchitis. | infectious bronchitis (ib) caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is currently a major threat to chicken health, with multiple outbreaks being reported in the united states over the past decade. modified live virus (mlv) vaccines used in the field can persist and provide the genetic material needed for recombination and emergence of novel ibv serotypes. inactivated and subunit vaccines overcome some of the limitations of mlv with no risk of virulence reversion and emergence of new virulent ... | 2020 | 32669327 |
| evolutionary analysis of infectious bronchitis virus reveals marked genetic diversity and recombination events. | in the last 5 years, frequent outbreaks of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) are observed in both broiler and layer chicken flocks in the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa) in spite of extensive usage of vaccines. the ibv is a widespread avian coronavirus affecting both vaccinated and unvaccinated chicken flocks and is attributed to significant economic losses, around the globe. in the present study, 58 (n = 58) samples were collected from four different commercial poultry flocks from 8 ksa districts ... | 2020 | 32486006 |
| pustulan activates chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro and promotes ex vivo cd4+ t cell recall response to infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a highly contagious avian coronavirus. ibv causes substantial worldwide economic losses in the poultry industry. vaccination with live-attenuated viral vaccines, therefore, are of critical importance. live-attenuated viral vaccines, however, exhibit the potential for reversion to virulence and recombination with virulent field strains. therefore, alternatives such as subunit vaccines are needed together with the identification of suitable adjuvants, as subuni ... | 2020 | 32429204 |
| immunosensor based on antibody-functionalized mos2 for rapid detection of avian coronavirus on cotton thread. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), an avian coronavirus, significantly affects the performance of both the egg-laying and meat-type birds causing the foremost of economic loss in poultry industry. this paper aims to develop a rapid, low-cost, and sensitive biosensor for ibv detection by using molybdenum disulfide (mos2). mos2 is a 2-d nanosheet which has strong high fluorescence-quenching ability when applied to a dye-labeled antibody (ab). in this paper, we developed an ab-functionalized mos2-b ... | 2018 | 32390783 |
| extinction and emergence of genomic haplotypes during the evolution of avian coronavirus in chicken embryos. | avian coronavirus (avcov) is ubiquitously present on poultry as a multitude of virus lineages. studies on avcov phenotypic traits are dependent on the isolation of field strains in chicken embryonated eggs, but the mutant spectrum on each isolate is not considered. this manuscript reports the previously unknown hts (high throughput sequencing)-based complete genome haplotyping of avcov isolates after passages of two field strains in chicken embryonated eggs. for the first and third passages of s ... | 2020 | 32338275 |
| decontamination of face masks with steam for mask reuse in fighting the pandemic covid-19: experimental supports. | the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has claimed many lives worldwide. wearing medical masks (mms) or n95 masks ([n95ms] namely n95 respirators) can slow the virus spread and reduce the infection risk. reuse of these masks can minimize waste, protect the environment, and help solve the current imminent shortage of masks. disinfection of used masks is needed for their reuse with safety, but improper deco ... | 2020 | 32320083 |
| active virological surveillance in backyard ducks in bangladesh: detection of avian influenza and gammacoronaviruses. | domestic waterfowl play an important role in the perpetuation and transmission of avian pathogens including avian influenza viruses (aiv) of low and high pathogenicity, which pose severe economic and public health concerns in bangladesh. this study focused on active surveillance of several avian viral pathogens with a special reference to aiv in selected backyard duck populations in bangladesh. a total of 500 pooled oropharyngeal and cloacal samples from individual ducks of four districts were t ... | 2020 | 32271094 |
| complete genome sequence of avian coronavirus strain ga08 (gi-27 lineage). | avian coronavirus, also known as infectious bronchitis virus, is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen of chickens that is responsible for major economic losses to the poultry industry around the globe. here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain ga08 of the gi-27 lineage, isolated from a fecal sample from a broiler chicken collected in georgia in 2015. | 2020 | 32107296 |
| a 25-year-old sample contributes the complete genome sequence of avian coronavirus vaccine strain arkdpi, reisolated from commercial broilers in the united states. | here, we report the complete genome sequence of avian coronavirus strain arkdpi of the gi-9 lineage, isolated from broiler chickens in north georgia in 1994. this is the complete genome sequence of this vaccine strain, reisolated from broilers in the united states. | 2020 | 32107295 |
| mirna repertoire and host immune factor regulation upon avian coronavirus infection in eggs. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a coronavirus with great economic impact on the poultry industry, causing an acute and highly contagious disease in chickens that primarily affects the respiratory and reproductive systems. the cellular regulation of ibv pathogenesis and the host immune responses involved remain to be fully elucidated. micrornas (mirnas) have emerged as a class of crucial regulators of numerous cellular processes, including responses to viral infections. here, we employ ... | 2020 | 32025807 |
| isolation and characterization of avian coronavirus from healthy eclectus parrots (eclectus roratus) from indonesia. | avian coronavirus has a wide range of hosts, from chickens and turkeys to wild birds. this virus causes an economically and, possibly, environmentally, important loss in the poultry industry. therefore, research into the avian coronavirus in various species of birds is required. the eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus) is an endemic bird to indonesia and northern australia and often kept as pets. at present, there has been limited information about avian coronavirus infection among birds. this stu ... | 2019 | 32009759 |
| attenuated live infectious bronchitis virus qx vaccine disseminates slowly to target organs distant from the site of inoculation. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is a highly contagious respiratory disease of poultry, caused by the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). currently, one of the most relevant genotypes circulating worldwide is ibv-qx (gi-19), for which vaccines have been developed by passaging virulent qx strains in embryonated chicken eggs. here we explored the attenuated phenotype of a commercially available qx live vaccine, ib primo qx, in specific pathogens free broilers. at hatch, birds were inocu ... | 2020 | 31822427 |
| evolution of infectious bronchitis virus in the field after homologous vaccination introduction. | despite the fact that vaccine resistance has been typically considered a rare phenomenon, some episodes of vaccine failure have been reported with increasing frequency in intensively-raised livestock. infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a widespread avian coronavirus, whose control relies mainly on extensive vaccine administration. unfortunately, the continuous emergence of new vaccine-immunity escaping variants prompts the development of new vaccines. in the present work, a molecular epidemiol ... | 2019 | 31706335 |
| three amino acid changes in avian coronavirus spike protein allow binding to kidney tissue. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infects ciliated epithelial cells in the chicken respiratory tract. while some ibv strains replicate locally, others can disseminate to various organs, including the kidney. here, we elucidate the determinants for kidney tropism by studying interactions between the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of the viral attachment protein spike from two ibv strains with different tropisms. recombinantly produced rbds from the nephropathogenic ibv strain qx and from the nonne ... | 2020 | 31694947 |
| genetic analysis of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in yellow chickens in southern china over the past decade: revealing the changes of genetic diversity, dominant genotypes, and selection pressure. | the high mutation rates of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) pose economic threats to the poultry industry. in order to track the genetic evolutionary of ibv isolates circulating in yellow chickens, we continued to conduct the genetic analyses of the structural genes s1, e, m, and n from 64 ibv isolates in southern china during 2009-2017. the results showed that the dominant genotypes based on the four genes had changed when compared with those during 1985-2008. based on the s1 gene phylogenetic ... | 2019 | 31561498 |
| comparative analysis of gene expression in virulent and attenuated strains of infectious bronchitis virus at subcodon resolution. | like all coronaviruses, avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) possesses a long, single-stranded, positive-sense rna genome (∼27 kb) and has a complex replication strategy that includes the production of a nested set of subgenomic mrnas (sgmrnas). here, we used whole-transcriptome sequencing (rnaseq) and ribosome profiling (riboseq) to delineate gene expression in the ibv m41-ck and beau-r strains at subcodon resolution. rnaseq facilitated a comparative analysis of viral rna synthesis and revea ... | 2019 | 31243124 |
| virome heterogeneity and connectivity in waterfowl and shorebird communities. | models of host-microbe dynamics typically assume a single-host population infected by a single pathogen. in reality, many hosts form multi-species aggregations and may be infected with an assemblage of pathogens. we used a meta-transcriptomic approach to characterize the viromes of nine avian species in the anseriformes (ducks) and charadriiformes (shorebirds). this revealed the presence of 27 viral species, of which 24 were novel, including double-stranded rna viruses (picobirnaviridae and reov ... | 2019 | 31239538 |
| avian coronavirus infection induces mannose-binding lectin production in dendritic cell precursors of chicken lymphoid organs. | the aim of this immunocytochemical study was to compare mannose-binding lectin (mbl) production induced by avian coronavirus in the spleen and caecal tonsil (ct). one-day-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens were experimentally infected with six qx field isolates and the h120 vaccine strain. in the negative control birds, the spleen was mbl negative, while the ct showed scattered mbl-positive cells in close proximity and within the surface epithelium and germinal centre (gc)-like cell clust ... | 2019 | 31238731 |
| serological survey for select infectious agents in wild magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) in argentina, 1994-2008. | despite being the most numerous penguin species in south america, exposure of the magellanic penguin (spheniscus magellanicus) to pathogens has not yet been thoroughly assessed. we collected serum from 1,058 magellanic penguins at 10 breeding colonies along the entire latitudinal range of this species in argentina. the work spanned 10 breeding seasons over 15 yr (1994-2008). sera were tested for antibodies to select infectious agents. antibodies reacting against 16 pathogens were detected (serop ... | 2020 | 31237822 |
| glycosylation of the viral attachment protein of avian coronavirus is essential for host cell and receptor binding. | avian coronaviruses, including infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), are important respiratory pathogens of poultry. the heavily glycosylated ibv spike protein is responsible for binding to host tissues. glycosylation sites in the spike protein are highly conserved across viral genotypes, suggesting an important role for this modification in the virus life cycle. here, we analyzed the n-glycosylation of the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of ibv strain m41 spike protein and assessed the role of this ... | 2019 | 30902814 |
| memory immune responses and protection of chickens against a nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus strain by combining live heterologous and inactivated homologous vaccines. | in this study, we evaluated antibody and cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses in the mucosal and systemic compartments and protection against challenge with a nephropathogenic brazilian (br-i) strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in chickens submitted to a vaccination regime comprising a priming dose of heterologous live attenuated massachusetts vaccine followed by a booster dose of an experimental homologous inactivated vaccine two weeks later. this immunization protocol elicited signifi ... | 2019 | 30867350 |
| guinea fowl coronavirus diversity has phenotypic consequences for glycan and tissue binding. | guinea fowl coronavirus (gfcov) causes fulminating enteritis that can result in a daily death rate of 20% in guinea fowl flocks. here, we studied gfcov diversity and evaluated its phenotypic consequences. over the period of 2014 to 2016, affected guinea fowl flocks were sampled in france, and avian coronavirus presence was confirmed by pcr on intestinal content and immunohistochemistry of intestinal tissue. sequencing revealed 89% amino acid identity between the viral attachment protein s1 of gf ... | 2019 | 30842318 |
| genetic diversity and phylodynamics of avian coronaviruses in egyptian wild birds. | avian coronaviruses (acovs) are continuously evolving and causing serious economic consequences in the poultry industry and around the globe. owing to their extensive genetic diversity and high mutation rates, controlling acovs has become a challenge. in this context, the potential contribution of wild birds in the disease dynamics, especially in domesticated birds, remains largely unknown. in the present study, five hundred fifty-seven (n = 557) cloacal/fecal swabs were collected from four diff ... | 2019 | 30646528 |
| coronaviruses in avian species - review with focus on epidemiology and diagnosis in wild birds. | coronaviruses (covs) are a large group of enveloped viruses with a single-strand rna genome, which continuously circulate in mammals and birds and pose a threat to livestock, companion animals, and humans. covs harboured by avian species are classified to the genera gamma- and deltacoronaviruses. within the gamma-covs the main representative is avian coronavirus, a taxonomic name which includes the highly contagious infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) in chickens and similar viruses infecting o ... | 2018 | 30584600 |
| complete genome sequence of avian coronavirus strain d274. | avian coronavirus, the causative agent of avian infectious bronchitis, occurs as multiple genotypes and lineages, and full genomes are not available for the majority of them. this paper reports the (previously unknown) complete genome sequence of strain d274 of this virus (27,599 nucleotides), isolated from chickens in the netherlands in 1979. | 2018 | 30533915 |
| biological and molecular characterization of arkga: a novel arkansas serotype vaccine that is highly attenuated, efficacious, and protective against homologous challenge. | almost all commercial poultry are vaccinated against avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) using live attenuated vaccines mass administered by spray at day of hatch. although many different types of ibv vaccines are used successfully, the arkdpi serotype vaccine, when applied by spray, does not infect and replicate sufficiently to provide protection against homologous challenge. in this study, we examined a different ark vaccine strain (ark99), which is no longer used commercially ... | 2018 | 30197283 |
| deletion of accessory genes 3a, 3b, 5a or 5b from avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus induces an attenuated phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. | avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infects domestic fowl, resulting in respiratory disease and causing serious losses in unprotected birds. its control is mainly achieved by using live attenuated vaccines. here we explored the possibilities for rationally attenuating ibv to improve our knowledge regarding the function of ibv accessory proteins and for the development of next-generation vaccines with the recently established reverse genetic system for ibv h52 based on targeted rn ... | 2018 | 30067172 |
| production of recombinant n protein of infectious bronchitis virus using the baculovirus expression system and its assessment as a diagnostic antigen. | the avian coronavirus-infectious bronchitis virus (avcov-ibv) is recognized as an important avian pathogen, and new viral variants are a continuous threat to the poultry industry worldwide. sensitive diagnostics and efficacious vaccines are necessary to combat ibv infections in chickens. the aim of this study was to produce recombinant n protein of ibv in the baculovirus system to use in elisa diagnostic tests in order to enable the assessment of the sero-prevalence and risk of ibv infections in ... | 2019 | 29987628 |
| metagenomics detection and characterisation of viruses in faecal samples from australian wild birds. | we present an optimised metagenomics method for detection and characterisation of all virus types including single and double stranded dna/rna and enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. initial evaluation included both spiked and non-spiked bird faecal samples as well as non-spiked human faecal samples. from the non-spiked bird samples (australian muscovy duck and pacific black ducks) we detected 21 viruses, and we also present a summary of a few viruses detected in human faecal samples. we then p ... | 2018 | 29875375 |
| avian coronavirus isolated from a pigeon sample induced clinical disease, tracheal ciliostasis, and a high humoral response in day-old chicks. | the detection of avian coronaviruses (avcov) in wild birds and the emergence of new avcov have increased in the past few years. in the present study, the pathogenicity of three avcov isolates was investigated in day-old chicks. one avcov isolated from a pigeon, which clustered with the massachusetts vaccine serotype, and two avcov isolated from chickens, which grouped with a brazilian genotype lineage, were used. clinical signs, gross lesions, histopathological changes, ciliary activity, viral r ... | 2018 | 29517348 |
| recombinant live attenuated avian coronavirus vaccines with deletions in the accessory genes 3ab and/or 5ab protect against infectious bronchitis in chickens. | avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a respiratory pathogen of chickens, causing severe economic losses in poultry industry worldwide. live attenuated viruses are widely used in both the broiler and layer industry because of their efficacy and ability to be mass applied. recently, we established a novel reverse genetics system based on targeted rna recombination to manipulate the genome of ibv strain h52. here we explore the possibilities to attenuate ibv in a rational way in o ... | 2018 | 29366709 |
| activation of the c-jun nh2-terminal kinase pathway by coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus promotes apoptosis independently of c-jun. | mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) are conserved protein kinases that regulate a variety of important cellular signaling pathways. among them, c-jun n-terminal kinases (jnk) are known to be activated by various environmental stresses including virus infections. previously, activation of the jnk pathway has been detected in cells infected with several coronaviruses. however, detailed characterization of the pathway as well as its implication in host-virus interactions has not been fully in ... | 2017 | 29238080 |
| astragalus polysaccharides inhibit avian infectious bronchitis virus infection by regulating viral replication. | the avian coronavirus causes infectious bronchitis (ib), which is one of the most serious diseases affecting the avian industry worldwide. however, there are no effective strategies for controlling the ib virus (ibv) at present. therefore, development of novel antiviral treatment strategies is urgently required. as reported, astragalus polysaccharides (aps) have potential antiviral effects against several viruses; however, the antiviral effect of aps against ibv remains unclear. in this study, w ... | 2017 | 29170045 |
| protection against infectious bronchitis virus by spike ectodomain subunit vaccine. | the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) s1 subunit of the spike (s) glycoprotein mediates viral attachment to host cells and the s2 subunit is responsible for membrane fusion. using ibv arkansas-type (ark) s protein histochemistry, we show that extension of s1 with the s2 ectodomain improves binding to chicken tissues. although the s1 subunit is the major inducer of neutralizing antibodies, vaccination with s1 protein has been shown to confer inadequate protection against challen ... | 2017 | 28899630 |
| analysis of antigenicity and pathogenicity reveals major differences among qx-like infectious bronchitis viruses and other serotypes. | avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes considerable damage to the poultry industry worldwide and the proportion of qx-like genotype isolates have increased over time. here, to better understand the antigenicity and pathogenicity of this genotype, we conducted sequence analyses, cross neutralization tests, and also examined the pathogenicity of two strains, sd and sz. sequence analyses revealed that sd and sz isolates belong to the qx-like ibv genotype and share high homology ... | 2017 | 28619139 |
| a reverse genetics system for avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus based on targeted rna recombination. | avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a respiratory pathogen of chickens that causes severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. major advances in the study of the molecular biology of ibv have resulted from the development of reverse genetics systems for the highly attenuated, cell culture-adapted, ibv strain beaudette. however, most ibv strains, amongst them virulent field isolates, can only be propagated in embryonated chicken eggs, and not in continuous cell li ... | 2017 | 28606144 |
| complete genome of avian coronavirus vaccine strains ma5 and br-i. | avian coronavirus (avcov) is a ubiquitous multiple-serotype pathogen of poultry, and its control is mainly based on the use of vaccines. we report here the previously unknown full genomes of the ma5 (27,652 nucleotides [nt]) and br-i (27,618 nt) avcov vaccine strains of the gi-1 (massachusetts) and gi-11 (brazil) types. | 2017 | 28596385 |
| reverse genetics system for the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | we have developed a reverse genetics system for the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in which a full-length cdna corresponding to the ibv genome is inserted into the vaccinia virus genome under the control of a t7 promoter sequence. vaccinia virus as a vector for the full-length ibv cdna has the advantage that modifications can be introduced into the ibv cdna using homologous recombination, a method frequently used to insert and delete sequences from the vaccinia virus genome. ... | 2017 | 28508215 |
| urbanization and the dynamics of rna viruses in mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | urbanization is intensifying worldwide, and affects the epidemiology of infectious diseases. however, the effect of urbanization on natural host-pathogen systems remains poorly understood. urban ducks occupy an interesting niche in that they directly interact with both humans and wild migratory birds, and either directly or indirectly with food production birds. here we have collected samples from mallards (anas platyrhynchos) residing in a pond in central uppsala, sweden, from january 2013 to j ... | 2017 | 28323070 |
| full genome analysis of australian infectious bronchitis viruses suggests frequent recombination events between vaccine strains and multiple phylogenetically distant avian coronaviruses of unknown origin. | australian strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) have been evolving independently for many years, with control achieved by vaccination with local attenuated strains. previous studies have documented the emergence of recombinants over the last 20 years, with the most recent one, ck/aus/n1/08, detected in 2008. these recombinants did not appear to be controlled by the vaccines currently in use. in this study we sequenced the complete genomes of three emergent australian strains of ibv (ibv/ ... | 2016 | 27938680 |
| identification of an infectious bronchitis coronavirus strain exhibiting a classical genotype but altered antigenicity, pathogenicity, and innate immunity profile. | avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) poses economic threat to the poultry industry worldwide. pathogenic ibv 3575/08 was isolated from broilers vaccinated with the attenuated viral vaccine derived from a taiwan strain 2575/98. in this study, extensive investigations were conducted on the genome sequences, antigenicity, pathogenicity, and host immune responses of several ibv strains in specific-pathogen-free chickens. sequence analyses revealed that 3575/08 and 2575/98 shared high ... | 2016 | 27876864 |
| gamma and deltacoronaviruses in quail and pheasants from northern italy. | in view of the restricted knowledge on the diversity of coronaviruses in poultry other than chicken, this study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of coronaviruses in quail, pheasant, and partridge from two regions of northern italy. to this end, pools of tracheal and cloacal swabs from european quail (coturnix coturnix) and intestinal tract from pheasants (phasianus colchicus) and partridge (perdix perdix) flocks, with or without enteric signs, were collected during 2015. avian coronavi ... | 2016 | 27738120 |
| complete genome sequence of a brazil-type avian coronavirus detected in a chicken. | avian coronavirus is the causative agent of infectious bronchitis in chickens, leading to multisystemic disease that might be controlled if adequate vaccine strains are used. this paper reports the first complete genome sequence of a brazil type of this virus (27,615 nucleotides [nt]) isolated from the kidneys of a chicken. | 2016 | 27738043 |
| recommendations for a standardized avian coronavirus (avcov) nomenclature: outcome from discussions within the framework of the european union cost action fa1207: "towards control of avian coronaviruses: strategies for vaccination, diagnosis and surveillance". | viruses within the coronaviridae family show variations within their genome sequences, especially within the major structural protein the spike (s) glycoprotein gene. therefore, many different antigenic forms, serotypes or variant strains of avian coronaviruses (avcov) exist worldwide. only a few of them, the so called protectotypes, cross protect against different serotypes. new serotypes arise by recombination or spontaneous mutations. from time to time, antigenic virus variants appear, which ... | 2016 | 27647350 |
| phylogeny and s1 gene variation of infectious bronchitis virus detected in broilers and layers in turkey. | the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (avcov-ibv) is recognized as an important global pathogen because new variants are a continuous threat to the poultry industry worldwide. this study investigates the genetic origin and diversity of avcov-ibv by analysis of the s1 sequence derived from 49 broiler flocks and 14 layer flocks in different regions of turkey. avcov-ibv rna was detected in 41 (83.6%) broiler flocks and nine (64.2%) of the layer flocks by taqman real-time rt-pcr. in addi ... | 2016 | 27610718 |
| synthetic virus-like particles prepared via protein corona formation enable effective vaccination in an avian model of coronavirus infection. | the ongoing battle against current and rising viral infectious threats has prompted increasing effort in the development of vaccine technology. a major thrust in vaccine research focuses on developing formulations with virus-like features towards enhancing antigen presentation and immune processing. herein, a facile approach to formulate synthetic virus-like particles (svlps) is demonstrated by exploiting the phenomenon of protein corona formation induced by the high-energy surfaces of synthetic ... | 2016 | 27552321 |
| recommendations for a standardized avian coronavirus (avcov) nomenclature: outcome from discussions within the framework of the european union cost action fa1207: "towards control of avian coronaviruses: strategies for vaccination, diagnosis and surveillance". | viruses within the coronaviridae family show variations within their genome sequences, especially within the major structural protein, the spike (s) glycoprotein gene. therefore, many different antigenic forms, serotypes, or variant strains of avian coronaviruses (avcov) exist worldwide. only a few of them, the so called protectotypes, cross protect against different serotypes. new serotypes arise by recombination or spontaneous mutations. from time to time, antigenic virus variants appear which ... | 2016 | 27309279 |
| relationship between different enteric viral infections and the occurrence of diarrhea in broiler flocks in jordan. | the aim of this study is to determine if enteric viruses are the cause of diarrhea in broiler flocks in jordan. intestinal content samples were collected from 101 broiler flocks from several regions of jordan to detect the presence of astrovirus, coronavirus, reovirus, and rotavirus, by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). forty-six of these flocks were clinically healthy with no enteric disease, and the other 55 flocks were clinically suffering from diarrhea. the samp ... | 2016 | 27190109 |
| high-resolution analysis of coronavirus gene expression by rna sequencing and ribosome profiling. | members of the family coronaviridae have the largest genomes of all rna viruses, typically in the region of 30 kilobases. several coronaviruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (mers-cov), are of medical importance, with high mortality rates and, in the case of sars-cov, significant pandemic potential. other coronaviruses, such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and avian coronavirus, are important ... | 2016 | 26919232 |
| dynamics of avian coronavirus circulation in commercial and non-commercial birds in asia--a review. | it is essential to understand the latest situation regarding avian coronaviruses (acovs), commonly referred to as the well-known avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), given that new and diverse types of ibv are continually being identified worldwide, particularly ones that are isolated from commercial poultry and associated with a wide range of disease conditions. the existing ibvs continue to evolve in various geographic areas in asia, which results in the recombination and co-circulation be ... | 2016 | 26629927 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of nephropathic infectious bronchitis virus isolates of gujarat state, india. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is a common, highly contagious, acute, and economically important viral disease of chickens caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv, sp. avian coronavirus). five pooled tissue suspensions of 50 layer birds and one reference massachusetts vaccine strain were inoculated into specific pathogen free (spf) chicken egg for isolation of ibv. reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was carried out using post inoculated allontoic fluid to amplify the spike ( ... | 2015 | 26436120 |
| hatchery spray cabinet administration does not damage avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus vaccine based on analysis by electron microscopy and virus titration. | studies in our laboratory showed that the arkansas-delmarva poultry industry (ark-dpi) vaccine given to 1-day-old chickens by hatchery spray cabinet replicated poorly and failed to adequately protect broilers against homologous virus challenge, whereas the same vaccine given by eye-drop did replicate and the birds were protected following homologous virus challenge. to determine if mechanical damage following spray application plays a role in failure of the ark-dpi vaccine, we examined the morph ... | 2015 | 26292549 |
| experimental infection of inbred balb/c and a/j mice with massachusetts and brazilian strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). | the ability of avian coronaviruses to replicate in mice was investigated to investigate interspecies transmission. two inbred mouse strains (balb/c and a/j) with different genetic backgrounds were inoculated with the avian coronavirus strains mass and br-i and monitored for at least 10 days. analysis of viral rna, histopathological examinations, immunohistochemistry and serology were performed. after virus inoculation, neither clinical signs nor evident gross lesions were observed. viral rna, hi ... | 2015 | 25951972 |
| age-dependent immune responses and immune protection after avian coronavirus vaccination. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is an endemic disease of chickens and a major contributor to economic losses for the poultry industry despite vaccination. recent observations indicated that chicks may have an immature immune system immediately after hatching when vaccinated for ibv. therefore we hypothesized that early ibv vaccination will generate an immature, poorly protective ibv-specific immune response contributing to immune escape and persistence of ibv. to test this hypothesis the ibv-s ... | 2015 | 25910920 |
| phylogenetic and phylogeographic mapping of the avian coronavirus spike protein-encoding gene in wild and synanthropic birds. | the evolution and population dynamics of avian coronaviruses (avcovs) remain underexplored. in the present study, in-depth phylogenetic and bayesian phylogeographic studies were conducted to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of avcovs detected in wild and synanthropic birds. a total of 500 samples, including tracheal and cloacal swabs collected from 312 wild birds belonging to 42 species, were analysed using molecular assays. a total of 65 samples (13%) from 22 bird species were positive for ... | 2015 | 25771408 |
| transient dominant selection for the modification and generation of recombinant infectious bronchitis coronaviruses. | we have developed a reverse genetics system for the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in which a full-length cdna corresponding to the ibv genome is inserted into the vaccinia virus genome under the control of a t7 promoter sequence. vaccinia virus as a vector for the full-length ibv cdna has the advantage that modifications can be introduced into the ibv cdna using homologous recombination, a method frequently used to insert and delete sequences from the vaccinia virus genome. ... | 2015 | 25720477 |
| full genome sequence of guinea fowl coronavirus associated with fulminating disease. | guinea fowl coronavirus (gfcov), a recently characterized avian coronavirus, was identified from outbreaks of fulminating disease (peracute enteritis) in guinea fowl in france. the full-length genomic sequence was determined to better understand its genetic relationship with avian coronaviruses. the full-length coding genome sequence was 26,985 nucleotides long with 11 open reading frames and no hemagglutinin-esterase gene: a genome organization identical to that of turkey coronavirus [5' untran ... | 2015 | 25712772 |
| temporal dynamics, diversity, and interplay in three components of the virodiversity of a mallard population: influenza a virus, avian paramyxovirus and avian coronavirus. | multiple infections, or simultaneous infection of a host with multiple parasites, are the rule rather than the exception. interactions between co-occurring pathogens in a population may be mutualistic, competitive or facilitative. for some pathogen combinations, these interrelated effects will have epidemiological consequences; however this is as yet poorly incorporated into practical disease ecology. for example, screening of mallards for influenza a viruses (iav) have repeatedly revealed high ... | 2015 | 25461850 |
| the avian coronavirus spike protein. | avian coronaviruses of the genus gammacoronavirus are represented by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), the coronavirus of chicken. ibv causes a highly contagious disease affecting the respiratory tract and, depending on the strain, other tissues including the reproductive and urogenital tract. the control of ibv in the field is hampered by the many different strains circulating worldwide and the limited protection across strains due to serotype diversity. this diversity is believed to be due to ... | 2014 | 25451062 |
| identification of avian coronavirus in wild aquatic birds of the central and eastern usa. | coronaviruses (covs) are worldwide in distribution, highly infectious, and difficult to control because of their extensive genetic diversity, short generation time, and high mutation rates. genetically diverse covs have been reported from wild aquatic birds that may represent a potential reservoir for avian covs as well as hosts for mutations and recombination events leading to new serotypes or genera. we tested 133 pooled samples representing 700 first-passage (in eggs) and 303 direct cloacal s ... | 2015 | 25380364 |
| the genotyping of infectious bronchitis virus in taiwan by a multiplex amplification refractory mutation system reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv; avian coronavirus) causes acute respiratory and reproductive and urogenital diseases in chickens. following sequence alignment of ibv strains, a combination of selective primer sets was designed to individually amplify the ibv wild-type and vaccine strains using a multiplex amplification refractory mutation system reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (arms rt-pcr) approach. this system was shown to discriminate the ibv wild-type and vaccine strains. m ... | 2014 | 25223342 |
| the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor ire1α protects cells from apoptosis induced by the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | the unfolded-protein response (upr) is a signal transduction cascade triggered by perturbation of the homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (er). upr resolves er stress by activating a cascade of cellular responses, including the induction of molecular chaperones, translational attenuation, er-associated degradation, and other mechanisms. under prolonged and irremediable er stress, however, the upr can also trigger apoptosis. here, we report that in cells infected with the avian coronavirus i ... | 2014 | 25142592 |
| immunoglobulin a as an early humoral responder after mucosal avian coronavirus vaccination. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a highly contagious coronavirus prevalent in all countries with an extensive poultry industry and continues to cause economic losses. ibv strains of the ark serotype are highly prevalent in the southeastern united states despite extensive vaccination. one explanation for this observation is the high genetic variability of ibv. in addition, ibv ark-type vaccines may induce suboptimal mucosal immune responses, contributing to the prevalence and persistence of t ... | 2014 | 25055633 |
| coronavirus nsp6 restricts autophagosome expansion. | autophagy is a cellular response to starvation that generates autophagosomes to carry long-lived proteins and cellular organelles to lysosomes for degradation. activation of autophagy by viruses can provide an innate defense against infection, and for (+) strand rna viruses autophagosomes can facilitate assembly of replicase proteins. we demonstrated that nonstructural protein (nsp) 6 of the avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), generates autophagosomes from the er. a statistical ... | 2014 | 24991833 |
| differences in the tissue tropism to chicken oviduct epithelial cells between avian coronavirus ibv strains qx and b1648 are not related to the sialic acid binding properties of their spike proteins. | the avian coronavirus (avcov) infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a major poultry pathogen. a characteristic feature of ibv is the occurrence of many different strains belonging to different serotypes, which makes a complete control of the disease by vaccinations a challenging task. reasons for differences in the tissue tropism and pathogenicity between ibv strains, e.g. a predilection for the kidneys or the oviduct are still an open question. strains of the qx genotype have been major pathogen ... | 2014 | 24928425 |
| an avian coronavirus in quail with respiratory and reproductive signs. | an avian coronavirus was detected in pools of lungs, tracheas, female reproductive tracts, kidneys, and enteric contents from quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and laying hen flocks, with and without infectious bronchitis (ib)-like signs, cohoused in farms located in two states of southeastern brazil during 2009-2010. although avian metapneumovirus subtype b was found in two layers samples, newcastle disease virus was not found in quail or in hens. based on dna sequences for the 3'-untranslated ... | 2013 | 24689189 |
| novel avian coronavirus and fulminating disease in guinea fowl, france. | for decades, french guinea fowl have been affected by fulminating enteritis of unclear origin. by using metagenomics, we identified a novel avian gammacoronavirus associated with this disease that is distantly related to turkey coronaviruses. fatal respiratory diseases in humans have recently been caused by coronaviruses of animal origin. | 2014 | 24377831 |
| how the double spherules of infectious bronchitis virus impact our understanding of rna virus replicative organelles. | powered by advances in electron tomography, recent studies have extended our understanding of how viruses construct "replication factories" inside infected cells. their function, however, remains an area of speculation with important implications for human health. it is clear from these studies that whatever their purpose, organelle structure is dynamic (m. ulasli, m. h. verheije, c. a. de haan, and f. reggiori, cell. microbiol. 12:844-861, 2010) and intricate (k. knoops, m. kikkert, s. h. worm, ... | 2013 | 24345746 |
| mapping of the receptor-binding domain and amino acids critical for attachment in the spike protein of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | the infection of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is initiated by the binding of the spike glycoprotein s to sialic acids on the chicken host cell. in this study we identified the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of the spike of the prototype ibv strain m41. by analyzing the ability of recombinantly expressed chimeric and truncated spike proteins to bind to chicken tissues, we demonstrate that the n-terminal 253 amino acids of the spike are both required and sufficient for bi ... | 2014 | 24314633 |
| molecular characterization of major structural protein genes of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus isolates in southern china. | to gain comprehensive genetic information of circulating avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolates in china, analysis of the phylogenetic tree, entropy of the amino acid sequences, and the positive selection as well as computational recombinations of s1, m and n genes of 23 ibv isolates was conducted in the present study. the phylogenetic trees based on the s1, m and n genes exhibited considerably different topology and the ck/ch/lsc/99i-type isolates were the predominant ibvs ... | 2013 | 24304696 |
| discovery of a novel bottlenose dolphin coronavirus reveals a distinct species of marine mammal coronavirus in gammacoronavirus. | while gammacoronaviruses mainly comprise infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and its closely related bird coronaviruses (covs), the only mammalian gammacoronavirus was discovered from a white beluga whale (beluga whale cov [bwcov] sw1) in 2008. in this study, we discovered a novel gammacoronavirus from fecal samples from three indo-pacific bottlenose dolphins (tursiops aduncus), which we named bottlenose dolphin cov (bdcov) hku22. all the three bdcov hku22-positive samples were collected on the sa ... | 2014 | 24227844 |
| assembly and immunogenicity of coronavirus-like particles carrying infectious bronchitis virus m and s proteins. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) as an avian coronavirus is still posing a persistent and imminent threat to the poultry industry worldwide. here we report that transfection of sf9 cells with a single recombinant baculovirus encoding m and s proteins resulted in the assembly of ibv vlps; this is the first report that s protein plus m protein alone were able to be assembled into vlps for coronaviruses. we further showed that the generated ibv vlps could induce humoral immune responses in a level ... | 2013 | 24099870 |
| the evolution of codon usage in structural and non-structural viral genes: the case of avian coronavirus and its natural host gallus gallus. | to assess the codon evolution in virus-host systems, avian coronavirus and its natural host gallus gallus were used as a model. codon usage (cu) was measured for the viral spike (s), nucleocapsid (n), nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) and papain-like protease (pl(pro)) genes from a diverse set of a. coronavirus lineages and for g. gallus genes (lung surfactant protein a, intestinal cholecystokinin, oviduct ovomucin alpha subunit, kidney vitamin d receptor and the ubiquitary beta-actin) for differen ... | 2013 | 24091362 |
| contributions of the s2 spike ectodomain to attachment and host range of infectious bronchitis virus. | the spike protein is the major viral attachment protein of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and ultimately determines viral tropism. the s1 subunit of the spike is assumed to be required for virus attachment. however, we have previously shown that this domain of the embryo- and cell culture adapted beaudette strain, in contrast to that of the virulent m41 strain, is not sufficient for binding to chicken trachea (wickramasinghe et al., 2011). in the present study, we demons ... | 2013 | 24041648 |
| identification and survey of a novel avian coronavirus in ducks. | the rapid discovery of novel viruses using next generation sequencing (ngs) technologies including dna-seq and rna-seq, has greatly expanded our understanding of viral diversity in recent years. the timely identification of novel viruses using ngs technologies is also important for us to control emerging infectious diseases caused by novel viruses. in this study, we identified a novel duck coronavirus (cov), distinct with chicken infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), using rna-seq. the novel duck-s ... | 2013 | 24023656 |
| cell-mediated immune responses in the head-associated lymphoid tissues induced to a live attenuated avian coronavirus vaccine. | humoral immunity is important for controlling viral diseases of poultry, but recent studies have indicated that cytotoxic t cells also play an important role in the immune response to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). to better understand the cell mediated immune responses to ibv in the mucosal and systemic immune compartments chickens were ocularly vaccinated with ibv. this induced a lymphocyte expansion in head-associated lymphoid tissues (halt) and to a lesser extent in the spleen, followed ... | 2013 | 23948147 |
| simultaneous detection of five major serotypes of avian coronavirus by a multiplex microsphere-based assay. | avian coronavirus (commonly known as infectious bronchitis virus [ibv]) is of major economic importance to commercial chicken producers worldwide. due to the existence of multiple serotypes and variants of the virus that do not cross-protect, it is important to diagnose circulating serotypes and choose the right vaccine type for successful protection. in an effort to improve conventional diagnostic tests, a microsphere-based assay was developed and evaluated for simultaneous detection of the mos ... | 2013 | 23847226 |
| infectious bronchitis virus as a vector for the expression of heterologous genes. | the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is the causative agent of the respiratory disease infectious bronchitis of domestic fowl, and is controlled by routine vaccination. to explore the potential use of ibv as a vaccine vector a reverse genetics system was utilised to generate infectious recombinant ibvs (ribvs) expressing the reporter genes enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) or humanised renilla luciferase (hrluc). infectious ribvs were obtained following the replacement ... | 2013 | 23840781 |
| demonstration of ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in pheasants (phasianus colchicus) with pneumonia and airsacculitis. | outbreaks of respiratory disease were investigated in reared pheasants (phasianus colchicus) aged approximately 18 to 32 weeks, released into the semi-wild on four shooting estates in southern england. the clinical signs in the affected birds included swelling of the face and eyes, loss of condition, gasping respirations and coughing. the gross pathology findings included sinusitis, airsacculitis, pleural oedema and lung lesions. the histopathological findings in the affected lungs were characte ... | 2013 | 23581445 |