| merkel cell polyomavirus and merkel cell carcinoma, france. | | 2008 | 18760031 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus in respiratory tract secretions. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv), associated with merkel cell carcinoma, was detected in 27 of 635 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples by real-time pcr. mcpyv was more commonly found in adults than in children. presence in the upper respiratory tract may be a general property of human pyvs. | 2009 | 19239773 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus dna in respiratory specimens from children and adults. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) dna was detected in 7 (1.3%) of 526 respiratory tract samples from patients in australia with upper or lower respiratory tract symptoms. partial t antigen and major capsid protein sequences of mcpyv identified in respiratory secretions showed high homology (99%-100%) to those found in merkel cell carcinoma. | 2009 | 19239774 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus strains in patients with merkel cell carcinoma. | we investigated whether merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) patients in france carry merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) and then identified strain variations. all frozen mcc specimens and 45% of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens, but none of the non-mcc neuroendocrine carcinomas specimens, had mcpyv. strains from france and the united states were similar. | 2009 | 19523303 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus is not detected in prostate cancers, surrounding stroma, or benign prostate controls. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv or mcpyv) is a recently discovered human polyomavirus that is implicated in the pathogenesis of merkel cell carcinoma (mcc). although the transmission route for mcv is not yet known, other polyomaviruses, such as bkv, cause non-malignant pathology in the urinary tract. like mcc, prostate cancer predominantly affects the elderly. furthermore, prostate cancers and premalignant precursors exhibit chronic inflammation, which suggests a possible infectious involvement. w ... | 2009 | 19129009 |
| reactivation and mutation of newly discovered wu, ki, and merkel cell carcinoma polyomaviruses in immunosuppressed individuals. | infection with the human polyomaviruses bk (bkv) and jc (jcv) is almost ubiquitous, asymptomatic, and lifelong. however, reactivation during immunosuppression, associated with mutations in the transcriptional control region (tcr) that up-regulates viral replication, can cause life-threatening disease. in this study, we investigated whether the recently discovered wu and ki polyomaviruses (wupyv and kipyv) and merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) could, like bkv and jcv, persist, mutate, and reactiva ... | 2009 | 19090778 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus encodes a microrna with the ability to autoregulate viral gene expression. | micrornas (mirnas) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that play a role in viral infection. we have developed a method to identify viral-encoded mirnas from viruses in which abundant amounts of infected material is limiting. we show that merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv), a recently identified human virus associated with cancer, encodes a mirna. this mirna is expressed from the late strand, lies antisense to the early transcripts and negatively regulates expression of chimeric re ... | 2009 | 19046593 |
| array-cgh reveals recurrent genomic changes in merkel cell carcinoma including amplification of l-myc. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is an aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer with poorly characterized genetics. we performed high resolution comparative genomic hybridization on 25 mcc specimens using a high-density oligonucleotide microarray. tumors frequently carried extra copies of chromosomes 1, 3q, 5p, and 6 and lost chromosomes 3p, 4, 5q, 7, 10, and 13. mcc tumors with less genomic aberration were associated with improved survival (p=0.04). tumors from 13 of 22 mcc patients had detectable merk ... | 2009 | 19020549 |
| the role of polyomaviruses in human disease. | the human polyomaviruses, bk virus and jc virus, have long been associated with serious diseases including polyomavirus nephropathy and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. both viruses establish ubiquitous, persistent infections in healthy individuals. reactivation can occur when the immune system is impaired, leading to disease progression. recently, the human polyomavirus family has expanded with the identification of three new viruses (ki, wu and merkel cell polyomavirus), all of whic ... | 2009 | 18995875 |
| a specific signature of merkel cell polyomavirus persistence in human cancer cells. | | 2008 | 18922770 |
| t antigen mutations are a human tumor-specific signature for merkel cell polyomavirus. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv) is a virus discovered in our laboratory at the university of pittsburgh that is monoclonally integrated into the genome of approximately 80% of human merkel cell carcinomas (mccs). transcript mapping was performed to show that mcv expresses transcripts in mccs similar to large t (lt), small t (st), and 17kt transcripts of sv40. nine mcc tumor-derived lt genomic sequences have been examined, and all were found to harbor mutations prematurely truncating the mcv lt he ... | 2008 | 18812503 |
| dna from bk virus and jc virus and from ki, wu, and mc polyomaviruses as well as from simian virus 40 is not detected in non-uv-light-associated primary malignant melanomas of mucous membranes. | the single most important causative factor for malignant melanomas of the skin is uv radiation. however, this is not true for melanomas on body surfaces sheltered from the sun; thus, it is important to seek new causative factors of melanoma genesis. human papillomaviruses and gammaherpesviruses are associated with human skin cancer; for example, human papillomavirus types 5 and 8 are associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis, and human herpesvirus 8 is associated with kaposi's sarcoma. rec ... | 2008 | 18768658 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus is more frequently present in north american than australian merkel cell carcinoma tumors. | | 2009 | 18650846 |
| frequent detection of merkel cell polyomavirus in human merkel cell carcinomas and identification of a unique deletion in the vp1 gene. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is a rare but very aggressive human malignancy of the elderly or immunosuppressed patients. recently, the clonal integration of a new human polyoma virus, which was termed merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv), has been reported in 8 of 10 mcc patients. in the present study, we studied the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of 39 mcc for the presence of mcpyv by pcr. we applied four different primer sets directed against the large t antigen and the vp1 g ... | 2008 | 18593898 |
| clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human merkel cell carcinoma. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is a rare but aggressive human skin cancer that typically affects elderly and immunosuppressed individuals, a feature suggestive of an infectious origin. we studied mcc samples by digital transcriptome subtraction and detected a fusion transcript between a previously undescribed virus t antigen and a human receptor tyrosine phosphatase. further investigation led to identification and sequence analysis of the 5387-base-pair genome of a previously unknown polyomavirus t ... | 2008 | 18202256 |
| merkel cell carcinoma subgroups by merkel cell polyomavirus dna relative abundance and oncogene expression. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) was recently discovered in merkel cell carcinoma (mcc), a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous malignancy of dermal neuroendocrine cells. to investigate this heterogeneity, we developed a tissue microarray (tma) to characterize immunohistochemical staining of candidate tumor cell proteins and a quantitative pcr assay to detect mcpyv and measure viral loads. mcpyv was detected in 19 of 23 (74%) primary mcc tumors, but 8 of these had less than 1 viral copy p ... | 2010 | 19551862 |
| clinical factors associated with merkel cell polyomavirus infection in merkel cell carcinoma. | merkel cell carcinoma is a rare malignancy of the skin. integration of merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) dna to the tumor genome is frequent in these cancers. the clinical consequences of mcpyv infection are unknown. | 2009 | 19535775 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus dna in persons without merkel cell carcinoma. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) dna was detected in 88% of merkel cell carcinomas in contrast to 16% of other skin tumors. mcpyv was also found in anogenital and oral samples (31%) and eyebrow hairs (50%) of hiv-positive men and in forehead swabs (62%) of healthy controls. mcpyv thus appears to be widespread. | 2009 | 19788824 |
| does detection of merkel cell polyomavirus in merkel cell carcinoma provide prognostic information? | | 2009 | 19535772 |
| human merkel cell polyomavirus infection ii. mcv is a common human infection that can be detected by conformational capsid epitope immunoassays. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv) is a newly-discovered human tumor virus found in approximately 80% of merkel cell carcinoma (mcc). the rate of mcv infection among persons without mcc is unknown. we developed a mcv virus-like particle (vlp) enzyme-linked immunoassay (eia) that does not cross-react with human bk or murine polyomaviruses. peptide mapping of the mcv vp1 gene and immunoblotting with denatured mcv vlp are less sensitive than the mcv eia in detecting mcv antibodies suggesting antibody r ... | 2009 | 19499548 |
| human merkel cell polyomavirus infection i. mcv t antigen expression in merkel cell carcinoma, lymphoid tissues and lymphoid tumors. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv) is a recently discovered human virus closely related to african green monkey lymphotropic polyomavirus. mcv dna is integrated in approximately 80% of merkel cell carcinomas (mcc), a neuroendocrine skin cancer linked to lymphoid malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll). to assess mcv infection and its association with human diseases, we developed a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes endogenous and transfected mcv large t (lt) antigen. we ... | 2009 | 19499546 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus: an update. | | 2009 | 19878388 |
| frequent hypermethylation of rassf1a tumour suppressor gene promoter and presence of merkel cell polyomavirus in small cell lung cancer. | in small cell lung cancer (sclc), hypermethylation of the tumour suppressor ras association domain family 1a (rassf1a) is frequent. it is associated with sv40 polyomaviral infection in other tumours. merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) infection has been reported in merkel cell carcinoma (mcc), a neuroendocrine carcinoma with biological similarity to sclc. in our study, we investigated polyomavirus infection (sv40 and mcpyv) and promoter hypermethylation of the tumour suppressors rassf1a and p16 in ... | 2009 | 19473831 |
| [merkel cell polyomavirus and merkel cell carcinoma]. | a new polyomavirus, merkel cell polyomavirus, was identified from merkel cell carcinoma, a rare skin cancer. origin of merkel cell carcinoma is merkel cell, a neuroendocrine cell in the skin. merkel cell carcinoma occurs in the skin of head and face of white elders. like other polyomaviruses, a 5.4 kbp-virus genome encodes vp1, vp2, vp3, small t antigen, and large t (lt) antigen. mcv has been frequently detected in merkel cell carcinoma in the world by pcr. it was demonstrated that mcv genome in ... | 2009 | 19927987 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus dna in tumor-free tonsillar tissues and upper respiratory tract samples: implications for respiratory transmission and latency. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) was discovered recently. it is considered a potential causative agent of merkel cell carcinoma, a life-threatening skin cancer. | 2009 | 19464943 |
| detection of merkel cell polyomavirus dna in merkel cell carcinomas. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is a rare, aggressive tumour for which an increasing incidence has been reported. a new human polyomavirus, merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv), was recently isolated from these tumours by applying digital transcriptome subtraction methodology. | 2009 | 19438857 |
| molecular pathogenesis of merkel cell carcinoma. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer which is twice as lethal as melanoma as more than one-third of mcc patients will die from this cancer. although mcc, which primarily affects elderly and immune suppressed individuals, is very rare to date, its incidence is rapidly increasing. in contrast to the immense progress that has been made in the elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis of other cancer entities, until recently there were no clear-cut indication ... | 2009 | 19400830 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus sequences are frequently detected in nonmelanoma skin cancer of immunosuppressed patients. | recently, a new human polyoma virus has been identified in merkel cell carcinomas (mcc). mcc is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine nonmelanoma skin cancer (nmsc) associated with immunosuppression. clonal integration of this virus which was termed merkel cell polyoma virus (mcpyv) was reported in a number of mcc. squamous cell carcinoma (scc) and basal cell carcinoma (bcc) are also nmsc and are the most frequent cancers in the setting of immunosuppression. a unique group of 56 nmsc from 11 immuno ... | 2009 | 19384948 |
| frequent occurrence of rassf1a promoter hypermethylation and merkel cell polyomavirus in merkel cell carcinoma. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is one of the most aggressive cancers of the skin. it has recently been reported that integration of a merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) in receptor tyrosine phosphates type g (ptprg) gene occurs in mcc, and that viral infections are associated with epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes (tsg) in cancer. to examine whether a correlation between tsg inactivation and viral infection can be found in mcc, we investigated the promoter hypermethylation of rassf1a, tp ... | 2009 | 19326371 |
| ultrastructural proof of polyomavirus in merkel cell carcinoma tumour cells and its absence in small cell carcinoma of the lung. | a new virus called the merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) has recently been found in merkel cell carcinoma (mcc). mcc is a rare aggressive small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma primarily derived from the skin, morphologically indistinguishable from small cell lung carcinoma (sclc). so far the actual presence of the virus in mcc tumour cells on a morphological level has not been demonstrated, and the presence of mcpyv in other small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas has not been studied yet. | 2009 | 19305499 |
| [merkel cell carcinoma. viral genesis and new therapeutic options?]. | merkel cell carcinoma (cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma) is a rare, highly malignant, neuroendocrine tumor of the skin with predominance in older patients. the tumor is most often located in the sun-exposed skin of the head, the neck and -as in our patient - the extremities. notably, the tumor bears a high risk of an early regional lymph node as well as distant metastases. clinically, only a presumptive diagnosis of merkel cell carcinoma can be established. the definite diagnosis is made by hi ... | 2009 | 19296059 |
| prevalence of merkel cell polyomavirus in merkel cell carcinoma. | it has recently been shown that merkel cell carcinoma, a rare and often lethal cutaneous malignancy, frequently harbors a novel clonally integrated polyomavirus aptly named merkel cell polyomavirus. we aimed to study the prevalence of merkel cell polyomavirus in cases of merkel cell carcinoma, using specimens from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. in our archives we identified 41 cases of merkel cell carcinoma (from 29 different patients). of these, 20 cases were primary cutaneous ... | 2009 | 19252474 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of immunocompetent individuals. | squamous cell carcinoma (scc) is the second most frequently diagnosed skin cancer. it has a higher incidence in immunosuppressed individuals such as organ transplant recipients and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) carriers. recently, a newly described polyoma virus, merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv), was found in merkel cell carcinoma (mcc), a rare aggressive skin cancer also associated with immunosuppression. we hypothesized that mcpyv would be present in sccs. to test for the presence of mcpy ... | 2009 | 19554019 |
| ganglioside gt1b is a putative host cell receptor for the merkel cell polyomavirus. | the merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) was identified recently in human merkel cell carcinomas, an aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer. here, we identify a putative host cell receptor for mcpyv. we found that recombinant mcpyv vp1 pentameric capsomeres both hemagglutinated sheep red blood cells and interacted with ganglioside gt1b in a sucrose gradient flotation assay. structural differences between the analyzed gangliosides suggest that mcpyv vp1 likely interacts with sialic acids on both branc ... | 2009 | 19605473 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus expression in merkel cell carcinomas and its absence in combined tumors and pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is the eponym for primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. recently, a new polyoma virus has been identified that is clonally integrated in the genome of the majority of mccs, with truncating mutations in the viral large t antigen gene. we examined the presence of merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv) in a set of 17 frozen tumor samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction; 15 of them (88%) were positive. sections from corresponding archival material were analyzed by ... | 2009 | 19609205 |
| prevalence of mcpyv in merkel cell carcinoma and non-mcc tumors. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) is the likely causative agent of merkel cell carcinoma (mcc). however, the prevalence of mcpyv in non-mcc population and its possible role in the pathogenesis of other skin cancers are not known yet. | 2010 | 19615033 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus dna detection in lesional and nonlesional skin from patients with merkel cell carcinoma or other skin diseases. | background a novel polyomavirus, the merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv), has recently been identified in merkel cell carcinoma (mcc). objectives to investigate the specificity of this association through the detection, quantification and analysis of mcpyv dna in lesional and nonlesional skin biopsies from patients with mcc or with other cutaneous diseases, as well as in normal skin from clinically healthy individuals. methods dna was extracted from lesional and nonlesional skin samples of patients ... | 2010 | 19678822 |
| no evidence for wu polyomavirus infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | human polyomaviruses are known to cause persistent or latent infections, which are reactivated under immunosuppression. polyomaviruses have been found to immortalize cell lines and to possess oncogenic properties. moreover, the recently discovered merkel cell polyomavirus shows a strong association with human merkel cell carcinomas. another novel human polyomavirus, wu polyomavirus (wupyv), has been identified in respiratory specimens from patients with acute respiratory tract infections (arti). ... | 2009 | 19715607 |
| detection of merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) in merkel cell carcinoma cell lines: cell morphology and growth phenotype do not reflect presence of the virus. | the recently discovered human polyomavirus (mcpyv) is frequently found in merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) tissue and is believed to be causally linked to mcc pathogenesis. while cell lines established from mcc represent a valuable tool to study the contribution of mcpyv to mcc pathogenesis, hitherto only 1 mcpyv-positive line has been described. we have analyzed 7 mcc cell lines for the presence, integration pattern and copy number of mcpyv. in 5 cell lines, mcpyv specific sequences were detected. i ... | 2010 | 19739110 |
| quantitation of human seroresponsiveness to merkel cell polyomavirus. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is a relatively uncommon but highly lethal form of skin cancer. a majority of mcc tumors carry dna sequences derived from a newly identified virus called merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv or mcpyv), a candidate etiologic agent underlying the development of mcc. to further investigate the role of mcv infection in the development of mcc, we developed a reporter vector-based neutralization assay to quantitate mcv-specific serum antibody responses in human subjects. our resul ... | 2009 | 19750217 |
| chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients have a high risk of merkel-cell polyomavirus dna-positive merkel-cell carcinoma. | immunosuppression and merkel-cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) infection may have a role in the pathogenesis of merkel-cell carcinoma (mcc), a rare neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. | 2009 | 19755994 |
| association of merkel cell polyomavirus-specific antibodies with merkel cell carcinoma. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) has been detected in approximately 75% of patients with the rare skin cancer merkel cell carcinoma. we investigated the prevalence of antibodies against mcpyv in the general population and the association between these antibodies and merkel cell carcinoma. | 2009 | 19776382 |
| distinction of 2 different primary merkel cell carcinomas in 1 patient by merkel cell polyomavirus genome analysis. | | 2010 | 20566946 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus: a specific marker for merkel cell carcinoma in histologically similar tumors. | the recently described merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) is reportedly present in 50% to 80% of merkel cell carcinomas (mcc). although the virus has been shown to be absent from other cutaneous neoplasms, its association with malignancies that are histologically similar to mcc, specifically small cell carcinoma of the lung and other high-grade neuroendocrine tumors, has yet to be thoroughly investigated. to address this issue, we identified a set of 74 cases of visceral high-grade neuroendocrine ... | 2009 | 19809278 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus is prevalent in a subset of small cell lung cancer: a study of 31 patients. | | 2009 | 19864547 |
| re: clinical factors associated with merkel cell polyomavirus infection in merkel cell carcinoma. | | 2009 | 19864638 |
| [merkel cell polyomavirus in the pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer]. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is a very aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. the recently identified merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) is present in the majority of mccs. mcpyv clonally integrates in the tumor dna and tumor-specific viral mutations are detected within the large t-antigen. to elucidate a possible role of mcpyv in the pathogenesis of other non-melanoma skin cancers (nmsc), i.e. squamous cell carcinoma, bowen's disease and basal cell carcinoma we tested a group of these tu ... | 2009 | 19921198 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus is not detected in mesotheliomas. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) is the first polyoma virus consistently linked to the etiology of a human cancer. serological studies indicate that the virus is commonly acquired in childhood, with seroprevalence reaching 50% or higher among young adults. the modes of mcpyv transmission are still unclear, but it has been identified in respiratory tract samples. given its respiratory tropism, we examined whether mcpyv could be detected in mesothelioma tissue, a malignancy induced in animal model ... | 2010 | 20006539 |
| inflammatory monocytes are a reservoir for merkel cell polyomavirus. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) is a recently discovered virus that is implicated in the oncogenesis of merkel cell carcinoma (mcc). the route of dissemination and the reservoir(s) of mcpyv within the human body have not yet been identified. in this study we describe two patients with multiple mcpyv-positive inflammatory and neoplastic skin lesions at different anatomic sites. patient 1 was suffering from psoriasis for many years and was diagnosed with mcc 7 years before this study. patient 2 h ... | 2010 | 20016500 |
| second cancers following the diagnosis of merkel cell carcinoma: a nationwide cohort study. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is a rare neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. mccs and some other skin cancers, such as basal cell carcinomas, frequently harbour merkel cell polyomavirus dna. the purpose of the study was to investigate the frequency of second cancers following the diagnosis of mcc. we studied the incidence of second primary cancers after the diagnosis of mcc from the files of the finnish cancer registry in 1979-2006. among the 172 mcc patients identified a total of 34 second prima ... | 2010 | 20061203 |
| nuclear localization of merkel cell polyomavirus large t antigen in merkel cell carcinoma. | to clarify whether mutations in the large t gene encoded by merkel cell polyomavirus affect the expression and function of large t antigen in merkel cell carcinoma cases, we investigated the expression of large t antigen in vitro and in vivo. immunohistochemistry using a rabbit polyclonal antibody revealed that large t antigen was expressed in the nuclei of merkel cell carcinoma cells with merkel cell polyomavirus infection. deletion mutant analyses identified an arg-lys-arg-lys sequence (amino ... | 2010 | 20074767 |
| identification of merkel cell polyomavirus in the lower respiratory tract of italian patients. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) has been found to be integrated monoclonally in a rare skin cancer named merkel cell carcinoma. more recently, mcpyv has been detected in the upper respiratory tract of pediatric and adult patients. however, the mode of transmission and pathogenic role of mcpyv in the respiratory system has not been determined. in this study, mcpyv was sought in the lower respiratory tract of adult patients admitted to the hospital. mcpyv dna was detected in 15 (17.24%) out of 87 ... | 2010 | 20087943 |
| generation of merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv)-like particles and their application to detection of mcv antibodies. | the genome of a new human polyomavirus, known as merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv), has recently been reported to be integrated within the cellular dna of merkel cell carcinoma (mcc), a rare human skin cancer. to investigate mcv seroprevalence in the general population, we expressed three different mcv vp1 in insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses. viruslike particles (vlps) were obtained with only one of the three vp1 genes. high-titer antibodies against vp1 vlps were detected in mice immuni ... | 2010 | 20181914 |
| an immunohistochemical study of cervical neuroendocrine carcinomas: neoplasms that are commonly ttf1 positive and which may express ck20 and p63. | cervical small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (scnec) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (lcnec) are uncommon but highly aggressive neoplasms. from a diagnostic point of view, there may be problems both in distinguishing these from other neoplasms and in confirming a cervical origin. this is important as management is critically dependent on the correct histologic diagnosis. we undertook a detailed immunohistochemical analysis of a relatively large series of primary cervical scnec (n=13) and ... | 2010 | 20182342 |
| merkel cell carcinoma: our experience with seven patients in korea and a literature review. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is a rare but malignant cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. as mcc has primarily been reported in caucasians, mcc cases in korea have not yet been reported. the purpose of this study was to retrospectively review our experience with the surgical treatment of mcc in korea and to study its management and outcome. | 2010 | 20207211 |
| survey for the presence of bk, jc, ki, wu and merkel cell polyomaviruses in human brain tissues. | recently three previously unknown polyomaviruses (ki, wu and merkel cell polyomaviruses) have been identified from human specimens. the spectrum of clinical manifestations and their tissue tropism are currently unknown. since a member of this virus family, jc virus, is well-known for its capacity to establish latency in human brain tissue where reactivation in immunocompromised individuals can result in fatal progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, we sought to examine for the presence of al ... | 2010 | 20211582 |
| updated review of the pathogenesis and management of merkel cell carcinoma. | merkel cell carcinoma is a rare, aggressive, malignant cutaneous tumor of the elderly or immunosuppressed individuals that usually appears on sun-exposed areas of the body. its pathogenesis is still debated, and, currently, no standardized treatment exists. | 2010 | 20338120 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus in cutaneous swabs. | to assess the usefulness of using cutaneous swabs to detect merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) dna, we analyzed swabs from persons with merkel cell carcinoma (mcc), others with skin diseases, and healthy volunteers. mcpyv was detected in at least 1 sample from virtually all participants. viral loads were higher in samples from patients with mcc. | 2010 | 20350388 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus in merkel cell carcinoma from a brazilian epidermodysplasia verruciformis patient. | | 2010 | 20398819 |
| new insights into merkel cell carcinoma. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is a rare aggressive cutaneous malignancy of the elderly and immunocompromised populations. the clinical presentation of mcc is nonspecific, with the majority of cases presenting as localized skin involvement. histologically and immunophenotypically, mcc is defined by both neuroendocrine and epithelial differentiation. recently, the merkel cell polyomavirus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mcc. in addition, there have been numerous studies evaluating the his ... | 2010 | 20418670 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus-infected merkel cell carcinoma cells require expression of viral t antigens. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is the most aggressive skin cancer. recently, it was demonstrated that human merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv) is clonally integrated in approximately 80% of mcc tumors. however, direct evidence for whether oncogenic viral proteins are needed for the maintenance of mcc cells is still missing. to address this question, we knocked down mcv t-antigen (ta) expression in mcv-positive mcc cell lines using three different short hairpin rna (shrna)-expressing vectors targeting e ... | 2010 | 20444890 |
| detection of merkel cell carcinoma polyomavirus in mucosal merkel cell carcinoma. | a 61-year-old woman presented with solitary lymphadenopathy suspicious for lymphoma. an excisional biopsy of a right inguinal lymph node demonstrated metastatic merkel cell carcinoma (mcc). no skin lesions were detected, but a primary nasopharyngeal mass was identified. a microscopic examination of the nasopharyngeal tumor and the lymph node metastasis showed a monotonous population of small- to intermediate-sized, round blue cells with vesicular nuclei, finely granular and dusty chromatin, and ... | 2010 | 20484140 |
| prevalence of merkel cell polyomavirus dna in cutaneous lymphomas, pseudolymphomas, and inflammatory skin diseases. | several groups confirmed merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) as the likely causative agent of merkel cell carcinoma. hematolymphoid disorders are known to be a substantial risk factor for merkel cell carcinoma, and vice versa. the association between mcpyv and hematologic neoplasms is poorly analyzed, as well as the speculation that lymphocytes may serve as reservoir for mcpyv. therefore, we investigated the prevalence of mcpyv dna in primary cutaneous t- and b-cell lymphomas, pseudolymphomas (pls) ... | 2010 | 20534985 |
| the minimum replication origin of merkel cell polyomavirus has a unique large t-antigen loading architecture and requires small t-antigen expression for optimal replication. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv) is a recently discovered human polyomavirus causing the majority of human merkel cell carcinomas. we mapped a 71-bp minimal mcv replication core origin sufficient for initiating eukaryotic dna replication in the presence of wild-type mcv large t protein (lt). the origin includes a poly(t)-rich tract and eight variably oriented, gaggc-like pentanucleotide sequences (ps) that serve as lt recognition sites. mutation analysis shows that only four of the eight ps are re ... | 2009 | 19759150 |
| detection of merkel cell polyomavirus in merkel cell carcinoma and kaposi's sarcoma. | merkel cell carcinoma is a rare malignancy that sometimes occurs in the skin of elderly people. recently, a new human polyomavirus, merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) was identified in merkel cell carcinoma. in the present study, mcpyv-dna was detected in 6 of 11 (55%) cases of merkel cell carcinoma by nested pcr and real-time pcr. histologically, mcpyv-positive cases showed round and vesicular nuclei with a fine granular chromatin and small nucleoli, whereas mcpyv-negative cases showed polygonal ... | 2009 | 19774683 |
| newly described human polyomaviruses merkel cell, ki and wu are present in urban sewage and may represent potential environmental contaminants. | recently, three new polyomaviruses (ki, wu and merkel cell polyomavirus) have been reported to infect humans. it has also been suggested that lymphotropic polyomavirus, a virus of simian origin, infects humans. ki and wu polyomaviruses have been detected mainly in specimens from the respiratory tract while merkel cell polyomavirus has been described in a very high percentage of merkel cell carcinomas. the distribution, excretion level and transmission routes of these viruses remain unknown.here ... | 2010 | 20584272 |
| lack of evidence for basal or squamous cell carcinoma infection with merkel cell polyomavirus in immunocompetent patients with merkel cell carcinoma. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv) was discovered by digital transcriptome subtraction as a monoclonal infection of merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) tumors. subsequent studies have repeatedly confirmed that mcv is the likely cause for most mcc. polymerase chain reaction-based detection of the virus in other nonmelanoma skin cancers, however, has been inconsistent and controversial. | 2010 | 20584559 |
| merkel cell carcinoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other lymphoproliferative disorders: an old bond with possible new viral ties. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is a rare and aggressive skin tumor. the link between tumorigenesis and immunosuppression is well known and the increased prevalence of mcc in human immunodeficiency virus carriers and organ transplant recipients and in patients with hemato-oncological neoplasias is now well recognized over the past decade. in this respect, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) seems to be the most frequent neoplasia associated with the development of mcc. very recently, a newly describe ... | 2011 | 20587511 |
| lymphotropism of merkel cell polyomavirus infection, nova scotia, canada. | to test the hypothesis that merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) can infect cells of the lymphoid system, we analyzed 353 specimens, including 152 non-hodgkin lymphomas, 44 hodgkin lymphomas, 110 benign lymph nodes, 27 lymph nodes with metastasis, and 20 extranodal tissue samples. mcpyv dna was detected by quantitative pcr in 13 (6.6%) of 196 lymphomas, including 5 (20.8%) of 24 chronic lymphocytic leukemia specimens, and in 11 (10%) of 110 benign lymph nodes, including 8 (13.1%) of 61 samples of re ... | 2010 | 21029527 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for the merkel cell polyomavirus capsid. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv) has been implicated as a causative agent in merkel cell carcinoma. robust polyclonal antibody responses against mcv have been documented in human subjects, but monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the vp1 capsid protein have not yet been characterized. we generated 12 mabs capable of binding recombinant mcv virus-like particles. the use of a short immunogenic priming schedule was important for production of the mabs. ten of the 12 mabs were highly effective fo ... | 2010 | 20598728 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus small t antigen mrna level is increased following in vivo uv-radiation. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is a rare but aggressive skin cancer involving merkel cells. recently, a new human polyomavirus was implicated in mcc, being present in 80% of the samples analyzed. in virus-positive mcc, the merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) is clonally integrated into the patients dna, and carries mutations in its large t antigen, leading to a truncated protein. in non-symptomatic tissue mcpyv can reside at very low levels. mcc is also associated with older age, immunosuppression and ... | 2010 | 20625394 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus in naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome-associated basal cell carcinomas and sporadic trichoblastomas. | | 2010 | 20654786 |
| serological evidence of merkel cell polyomavirus primary infections in childhood. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) was identified newly (2008) and is believed to be an etiologic factor of merkel cell carcinoma (mcc). recent molecular and serological data suggest that mcpyv infection is common in the general population. | 2010 | 21094082 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus is present in common warts and carcinoma in situ of the skin. | polyomaviruses have been linked to diseases of immunosuppressed patients. we sought to determine the prevalence of merkel cell polyomavirus in benign epithelial skin neoplasms and nonmelanoma skin cancer of immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients and long-term dialysis patients. merkel cell polyomavirus dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in 2 (10%) of 20 patients, in carcinomas in situ (bowen's disease). in one of our patients with merkel cell polyomavirus-positive carcinom ... | 2010 | 20655089 |
| oral cavity neuroendocrine carcinoma: a comparison study with cutaneous merkel cell carcinoma and other mucosal head and neck neuroendocrine carcinomas. | published cases of oral high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (hgnec) variably call the tumors merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) or small-cell/high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. we studied cases of cutaneous mcc and mucosal hgnec to better distinguish them and to better define oral cases. | 2010 | 20659699 |
| a comparative study of merkel cell, bk and jc polyomavirus infections in renal transplant recipients and healthy subjects. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is a rare skin cancer associated with immunosuppression and the integration of merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) dna into the tumor cell genome. little is known about the natural history of mcpyv infection. | 2010 | 20667770 |
| discovery of a new human polyomavirus associated with trichodysplasia spinulosa in an immunocompromized patient. | the polyomaviridae constitute a family of small dna viruses infecting a variety of hosts. in humans, polyomaviruses can cause infections of the central nervous system, urinary tract, skin, and possibly the respiratory tract. here we report the identification of a new human polyomavirus in plucked facial spines of a heart transplant patient with trichodysplasia spinulosa, a rare skin disease exclusively seen in immunocompromized patients. the trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (tsv ... | 2010 | 20686659 |
| prevalence of merkel cell polyomavirus among swiss merkel cell carcinoma patients. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is a malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm which shares structural and immunohistochemical features with neuroectodermally derived cells. one hypothesis claims that it arises from merkel cells, highly innervated neuroendocrine cells involved in mechanoreception in the skin. the incidence rate of this cancer increases with age and sun exposure as well as after immunosuppression. recently, the clonal integration of a newly identified polyomavirus called merkel cell polyomav ... | 2010 | 20689250 |
| infectious agents in cutaneous t-cell lymphoma. | infectious agents have long been suspected as potential causative agents in cutaneous t-cell lymphoma (ctcl). tissues of patients with ctcl have been evaluated for evidence of infection with a number of agents, including staphylococcus aureus, retroviruses, and herpesviruses. these studies have failed to reveal a consistent association of ctcl with investigated agents. however, there is substantial evidence suggesting a potential role of a yet unidentified virus in ctcl. this article will review ... | 2011 | 20692726 |
| human papillomavirus (hpv) and merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) in non small cell lung cancer. | certain types of human papillomavirus (hpv) induce cancers, especially cervical cancers in women. a meta-analysis of the literature suggests that hpv is also associated with 20%-25% of non small cell lung carcinoma (nsclc). merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) causes most merkel cell carcinomas in immunocompromised hosts, and is associated with some squamous carcinomas of skin in immunocompetent individuals. since both oncogenic viruses appear to involve the tonsils and, therefore, have clear access ... | 2010 | 20699096 |
| [merkel cell skin carcinoma]. | merkel cell carcinoma is a rare tumour of the skin. it affects predominantly elderly caucasian males on sun-exposed areas of the skin. distinctively more frequent and at significantly lower age, its incidence is higher in immunocompromised patients. in these patients we often observe the highly aggressive course of merkel cell carcinoma and a fatal outcome. the incidence of merkel cell carcinoma has been rising in recent years and is more dramatic than the increased incidence of cutaneous melano ... | 2010 | 20806818 |
| detection of a novel truncating merkel cell polyomavirus large t antigen deletion in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) is detected in approximately 80% of merkel cell carcinomas (mcc). yet, clonal integration and truncating mutations of the large t antigen (ltag) of mcpyv are restricted to mcc. we tested the presence and mutations of mcpyv in highly purified leukemic cells of 70 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) patients. mcpyv was detected in 27.1% (n = 19) of these cll cases. in contrast, mcpyv was detected only in 13.4% of normal controls (p < .036) in which no ltag mutations ... | 2010 | 20817850 |
| use of interferon-alpha in two patients with merkel cell carcinoma positive for merkel cell polyomavirus. | | 2011 | 20825355 |
| detection of merkel cell polyomavirus dna in atypical fibroxanthoma in correlation to clinical features. | a clear etiopathogenetic concept for atypical fibroxanthoma (afx) is not established yet. nevertheless, afx is known as a pleomorphic but indolent tumor primarily of the elderly and/or immunosuppressed patient occurring in severely sun- or radiation-damaged skin. these risk factors are almost identical to those of merkel cell carcinoma (mcc), a highly malignant skin tumor being thought to be pathogenetically associated with the recently discovered merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv). because afx an ... | 2010 | 20861707 |
| antibodies to merkel cell polyomavirus correlate to presence of viral dna in the skin. | to validate whether merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv) serology correlates with mcv infection, we compared real-time polymerase chain reaction results for mcv dna on fresh-frozen biopsy specimens from various skin lesions and healthy skin from 434 patients to mcv serology results using viruslike particles (vlps) and mcv neutralization assays. sixty-five percent of participants were mcv seropositive and 18% were mcv dna positive. the presence of antibodies was correlated with the presence of virus dn ... | 2011 | 21450999 |
| distinct merkel cell polyomavirus molecular features in tumour and non tumour specimens from patients with merkel cell carcinoma. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) is associated with merkel cell carcinoma (mcc), a rare, aggressive skin cancer with neuroendocrine features. the causal role of mcpyv is highly suggested by monoclonal integration of its genome and expression of the viral large t (lt) antigen in mcc cells. we investigated and characterized mcpyv molecular features in mcc, respiratory, urine and blood samples from 33 patients by quantitative pcr, sequencing and detection of integrated viral dna. we examined associ ... | 2010 | 20865165 |
| new virus associated with merkel cell carcinoma development. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy of the skin with an annual incidence in the united states of 0.34 and 0.17 per 100,000 men and women, respectively. mcc incidence increases with age, is higher among men and whites, and positively correlates with solar ultraviolet (uv) index, suggesting uv radiation exposure may play a role in the development of mcc. mcc incidence rates are also higher among severely immunosuppressed populations, including people who hav ... | 2010 | 20870633 |
| merkel cell carcinoma of the gluteal region with ipsilateral metastasis into the pancreatic graft of a patient after combined kidney-pancreas transplantation. | merkel cell carcinoma (mcc) is a rare tumour of the skin that predominantly affects elderly or immunocompromised patients. the malignant transformation of merkel cells is currently considered to be related to an infection with merkel cell polyomavirus. | 2010 | 20926899 |
| lack of evidence for direct involvement of merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll). | | 2010 | 20538816 |
| merkel cell polyomavirus and two previously unknown polyomaviruses are chronically shed from human skin. | mounting evidence indicates that merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv), a circular double-stranded dna virus, is a causal factor underlying a highly lethal form of skin cancer known as merkel cell carcinoma. to explore the possibility that mcv and other polyomaviruses commonly inhabit healthy human skin, we developed an improved rolling circle amplification (rca) technique to isolate circular dna viral genomes from human skin swabs. complete mcv genomes were recovered from 40% of healthy adult voluntee ... | 2010 | 20542254 |
| value of merkel cell polyomavirus dna detection in routine pathology. | | 2011 | 20966737 |
| viruses and human cancer: from detection to causality. | the study of cancer is incomplete without taking into consideration of tumorigenic viruses. initially, searches for human cancer viruses were fruitless despite an expansion of our knowledge in the same period concerning acute-transforming retroviruses in animals. however, over the last 40years, we have witnessed rapid progress in the tumor virology field. currently, acknowledged human cancer viruses include epstein-barr virus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, high-risk human papilloma virus ... | 2010 | 20971551 |
| merkel cell carcinoma. | merkel cell carcinoma is a rare, highly aggressive neuroendocrine cutaneous neoplasm with a variable clinical presentation. histologically, it is a predominantly dermal-based lesion composed of monotonous small round cells with scanty cytoplasm, often difficult to differentiate from small round cell tumors, metastatic small cell carcinoma, blastic hematologic malignancies, and melanoma. the malignant cells express both epithelial and neuroendocrine immunohistochemical markers, a unique feature t ... | 2010 | 21043828 |
| african great apes are naturally infected with polyomaviruses closely related to merkel cell polyomavirus. | the oncogenic merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) infects humans worldwide, but little is known about the occurrence of viruses related to mcpyv in the closest phylogenetic relatives of humans, great apes. we analyzed samples from 30 wild chimpanzees and one captive gorilla and identified two new groups of polyomaviruses (pyvs). these new viruses are by far the closest relatives to mcpyv described to date, providing the first evidence of the natural occurrence of pyvs related to mcpyv in wild great ... | 2010 | 21047967 |
| tumor viruses and cancer biology: modulating signaling pathways for therapeutic intervention. | tumor viruses have provided relatively simple genetic systems, which can be manipulated for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the cellular transformation process. a growing body of information in the tumor virology field provides several prospects for rationally targeted therapies. however, further research is needed to better understand the multiple mechanisms utilized by these viruses in cancer progression in order to develop therapeutic strategies. initially viruses were believed to b ... | 2010 | 21084867 |
| detection of merkel cell polyomavirus in epidermodysplasia-verruciformis-associated skin neoplasms. | background: epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev) is a rare genodermatosis that is characterized by susceptibility to infection with specific human papillomavirus (hpv) genotypes. among polyomaviruses, the novel merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) has been found in different epithelial skin neoplasias. | 2010 | 21099200 |
| viral-associated trichodysplasia spinulosa: a case with electron microscopic and molecular detection of the trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated human polyomavirus. | trichodysplasia spinulosa (ts) is a folliculocentric and clinically papular dermatological disorder occurring in the setting of immunosuppression typically in association with solid organ transplantation or hematolymphoid malignancies. we report the occurrence of ts in a 7-year-old girl with down syndrome and pre-b-acute lymphoblastic leukemia who was completing chemotherapy at onset. the patient's affected follicles were dilated by an expansion of a dystrophic follicular inner root sheath cell ... | 2011 | 21251037 |
| association of merkel cell polyomavirus infection with morphologic differences in merkel cell carcinoma. | recently, it has been shown that approximately 80% of merkel cell carcinomas harbor a novel polyomavirus named merkel cell polyomavirus, thought to be a carcinogenic agent. however, it is not fully elucidated whether merkel cell carcinomas differ with regard to the presence or absence of merkel cell polyomavirus. to address this, we investigated morphologic differences between merkel cell polyomavirus-positive and -negative merkel cell carcinomas by morphometry. using polymerase chain reaction a ... | 2011 | 21277612 |
| homo- and heterotypic cell-cell contacts in merkel cells and merkel cell carcinomas: heterogeneity and indications for cadherin switching. | merkel cell carcinomas (mccs) are rare but aggressive tumours associated recently with merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv). as development and progression of several types of carcinomas can be promoted by changes in cell adhesion proteins, the aim of this study was to examine homo- and heterotypic cell contacts of merkel cells and mccs. | 2011 | 21323954 |
| asymptomatic primary merkel cell polyomavirus infection among adults. | merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv) is a recently discovered virus that causes 80% of merkel cell carcinomas. we examined data for 564 gay/bisexual male participants >18 years of age in the multicenter aids cohort study in pittsburgh, pennsylvania, usa, and found that 447 (79.3%) were mcv-antibody positive at initial enrollment. of the 117 mcv-seronegative men, 31 subsequently seroconverted over a 4-year follow-up period, corresponding to a 6.6% annual conversion rate. mcv immunoglobulin g levels rem ... | 2011 | 21801612 |