Publications

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biological control of the root rot and collar rot of "okra" (abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench). 19744422782
effects of management practices on nematode and fungi populations and okra yield.okra was grown in field plots of tifton loamy sand naturally infested with the nematodes meloidogyne incognita and criconemoides ornalus and the pathogenic fungi fusarium oxysporum, f. solani, f. roseum, and pythium spp. plots were treated with various soil pesticides and left exposed or covered with biodegradable paper film mulch under trickle irrigation. soil was assayed for nematodes and fungi, and plant roots were examined for root-rot and insect damage. fewer nematodes and fungi generally w ...197719305580
a correlation between the dissipation of insecticides and rhizosphere microflora of abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench.a study to understand the relationship between the dissipation of aldicarb and disulfoton in the rhizosphere region of bhendi and the microbial population revealed a negative correlation between the fungal and azotobacter population and the residues of both insecticides. however, no definite correlation could be recorded between the populations of bacteria and actinomycetes and the residues of the insecticides.1977910573
synergistic effect of gibberellic acid and indole-3-acetic acid on rooting in stem cuttings of abelmoschus esculentus moench.indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and gibberellic acid (ga3) enhanced the formation of roots on the stem cuttings of abelmoschus esculentus. the effect increased considerably when both iaa and ga3 were applied together.197824413953
cropping effects of marigolds, corn, and okra on population levels of meloidogyne javanica and on carrot yields. 198419294045
xiphidorus amazonensis n. sp. (nematoda: longidoridae) from the brazilian amazon basin.xiphidorus amazonensis n. sp. was found in the rhizospheres of jatropha curcas, musa sp., anona muricata, cassia tora, panicum laxum, paspalum fasciculatum, aeschynomene sensitiva, saccharum officinarum, manihot esculenta, abelmoschus esculentus, tamarindus indica, mangifera indica, vigna unguiculata, zea mays, commelina sp., cyperus rotundus, fimbristylis miliacea, citrus sinensis, and eichhornia crassipes on the amazon river island of xiborena, approximately 40 km southeast of manaus, capital ...198519294098
an unstable gene controlling developmental variegation in okra (abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench).genetic studies on radiation-induced chlorina and variegated mutants of okra (abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench) revealed the existence of an unstable gene. the normal green color of the leaves is controlled by duplicate genes c1 and c2, either of which produces the green colour. the chlorina plants are c 1 c 1 c 2 c 2. the allele c 1 (v) is dominant to both c 1 and c 2 but is unstable. the homozygote c 1 (v) c 1 (v) c 2 c 2 is a normal green while the heterozygote c i (v) c 1 c 2 c 2 has a var ...198524247348
multivariate analysis and the choice of parents for hybridization in okra (abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench).thirty okra genotypes of diverse eco-geographical origin were grown in single-row plots in a randomised complete block design. the data collected on 14 characters were subjected to analysis of variance. by multivariate analysis (mahalanobis d(2) technique), the genetic divergence among the genotypes were quantitatively measured. the genotypes were grouped into five clusters by this technique. there was no relationship between clustering pattern and eco-geographic distribution. the effects of gen ...198724241673
the effects of coal-smoke pollutants on the growth, yield and leaf epidermal features of abelmoschus esculentus moench.in abelmoschus esculentus var. pusa sawani, coal-smoke pollutants, experienced close to a thermal power plant, led to decreases of plant height and stem diameter, jeopardised the production of leaves and flower buds and stimulated leaf and flower fall, leading to a decrease in the number of fruits set per plant. the length of fruits was affected a little, and the circumference and fresh weight suffered significantly, causing a decrease in plant yield. the net productivity of stems, roots and lea ...198715092789
on the botanical distribution of chiral forms of gossypol.plants belonging to malvaceae (about 90 species belonging to 33 genera) were analysed for the presence of gossypol by reversed-phase hplc using absorbance detection at 365 nm, and the chirality and optical purity of gossypol were determined whenever the analysis was positive. only plants belonging to the cotton tribe (gossypieae) contained gossypol (detection limit better than 0.001%). in particular, no gossypol could be detected in abelmoschus esculentus (ocra), hibiscus tiliaceus, h. sabdariff ...199217226502
reduction of lead accumulation by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and nitrilo triacetic acid in okra (abelmoschus esculentus l.) grown in sewage-irrigated soil. 19938318772
phytogrowth-inhibitory activities of sulfur-containing compounds. ii. the inhibitory activities of thiosalicylic acid and dihydro-2(3h)-thiophenone-related compounds on plant growth.thiosalicylic acid (i) showed rather strong inhibitory activity on the growth of roots of all plants treated except abelmoschus esculentus moench at the concentration of 5.0 x 10(-4) m. this compound strongly inhibited the growth of the root of echinochloa utilis ohwi et yabuno even at the low concentration of 5.0 x 10(-5) m. dihydro-2(3h)-thiophenone (vii) also exhibited inhibitory activity on the growth of roots of all plants treated except glycine max merrill. both compounds inhibited the ger ...19938220332
ameliorative effects of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and nitrilo triacetic acid on lead toxicity in okra (abelmoschus esculentus l.) grown in sewage-irrigated soil. 19948167444
reduction of manganese accumulation by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and nitrilo triacetic acid in okra (abelmoschus esculentus l.) grown in sewage-irrigated soil. 19948142717
distribution and diversity of geminiviruses in trinidad and tobago.abstract seven crop and eight weed species from 12 agricultural locations in trinidad and tobago were assayed for the presence of whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (wtgs) by using dot blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the n-terminal coat protein sequence with degenerate primers. the amplified fragments were cloned and analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion to determine fragment length polymorphism among the cloned fragments. representative clones were the ...199818944827
photosynthesis and kinetic characteristics of rubisco in hibiscus cannabinus l.photosynthetic characteristics in kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus l.), a c3 plant, were compared with abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench, another member of malvaceae. kenaf leaves exhibited significantly higher rate of photosynthesis (40 mg co2 dm(-2) hr(-1)) which was 24.6 mg dm(-2) hr(-1) in a. esculentus. rate of photo and dark respiration was similar in both the species. kenaf leaf photosynthesis had a higher optimum temperature (32 degrees c) than that of a. esculentus (26 degrees c). photosynth ...200012557922
rhizosphere mycoflora of healthy and yellow vein mosaic virus infected okra (abelmoschus esculentus) plants.investigations on the rhizosphere mycoflora of healthy and virus (yvmv) infected okra plants showed a higher fungal population in the rhizosphere of healthy plants at preflowering and post-flowering stages than in that of diseased ones. maximum population was observed during flowering both in healthy and diseased plant rhizosphere as well as in non-rhizosphere soil. however, virus infected plants showed a higher population at the flowering stage than healthy ones. the quantitative differences in ...200094749
season-dependent mineral accumulation in fruits of okra (abelmoschus esculentus) and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum).season-dependent mineral accumulation was recorded in fruits of okra and tomato. the highest concentration was in summer in okra and in winter in tomato. lowest concentrations were in winter in okra and rainy in tomato. both crop plants indicated that the mineral contents were in the order of p > k > ca > mg > na > fe which also signify their relative functional importance in growth and metabolism.200212617316
effects of soil amendments at a heavy loading rate associated with cover crops as green manures on the leaching of nutrients and heavy metals from a calcareous soil.the potential risk of groundwater contamination by the excessive leaching of n, p and heavy metals from soils amended at heavy loading rates of biosolids, coal ash, n-viro soil (1:1 mixture of coal ash and biosolids), yard waste compost and co-compost (3:7 mixture of biosolids to yard wastes), and by soil incorporation of green manures of sunn hemp (crotalaria juncea) and sorghum sudangrass (sorghum bicolor x s. bicolor var. sudanense) was studied by collecting and analyzing leachates from pots ...200314649715
bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease in india is caused by association of a dna beta satellite with a begomovirus.yellow vein mosaic disease is the major limitation in the production of bhendi or okra (abelmoschus esculentus), an important vegetable crop of india. this disease is caused by a complex consisting of the monopartite begomovirus bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus (byvmv, family: geminiviridae) and a small satellite dna beta component. byvmv can systemically infect bhendi upon agroinoculation but produces only mild leaf curling in this host. dna beta induces typical symptoms of bhendi yellow vein mo ...200312573576
glycosylated compounds from okra inhibit adhesion of helicobacter pylori to human gastric mucosa.in asian medicine the fruit of the okra plant, abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench., is used as a mucilaginous food additive against gastric irritative and inflammative diseases. to find a rational basis for its use against these diseases, several crude and purified carbohydrate-containing fractions from immature okra fruits were isolated and analyzed, and their effects against helicobacter pylori in an in situ adhesion model on sections of human gastric mucosa were determined. pretreatment of th ...200415030201
alterations in activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, atpase and atp content in response to seasonally varying pi status in okra (abelmoschus esculentus).phosphorus (p) is the second most important macronutrient for plant growth. plants exhibit numerous physiological and metabolic adaptations in response to seasonal variations in phosphorus content. activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, atpase and atp content were studied in summer, rainy and winter seasons at two different developmental stages (28 and 58 days after sowing) in okra. activities of both acid and alkaline phosphatases increased manifold in winter to cope up with low phosphor ...200415529876
residues of thiamethoxam and acetamaprid, two neonicotinoid insecticides, in/on okra fruits (abelmoschus esculentus l). 200516400583
antioxidant activity of five vegetables traditionally consumed by south-asian migrants in bradford, yorkshire, uk.five vegetables traditionally consumed among south-asian migrants in bradford (yorkshire, uk) were tested for their free radical scavenging activity (frsa) in the dpph (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical) screening assay (using extracts prepared both by cold maceration and also by boiling the plant in the solvent under reflux) and for their in vitro non-enzymatic inhibition of bovine brain lipid peroxidation. in both antioxidant assays a strong activity was shown by extracts derived from okra ...200516261524
heavy metal load of soil, water and vegetables in peri-urban delhi.peri-urban lands are often used for production of vegetables for better market accessibility and higher prices. but most of these lands are contaminated with heavy metals through industrial effluents, sewage and sludge, and vehicular emission. vegetables grown in such lands, therefore, are likely to be contaminated with heavy metals and unsafe for consumption. samples of vegetables i.e., spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) and okra (abelmoschus esculentus l.); soil and irrigation water were collected ...200616897527
effects of green manures on growth, yield and quality of green okra (abelmoschus esculentus l.) har lium cultivar.this green manure experiment with the use of okra crop as indicator plant was carried out at mahasarakham university experimental farm, mahasarakham province, northeast thailand during may to september 2005 to investigate four types of green manure legume crops on growth, yield and quality of edible fresh pods of okra crop when grown on roi-et soil series (oxic paleustults). the four types of green manure plants include jack bean, cowpea, green gram, and giant sensitive plant. the experiment con ...200719070046
intraspecific variation in zucchini yellow mosaic virus transmission by myzus persicae and the impact of aphid host plant.three isofemale lines of myzus persicae (sulzer), two lines collected from and reared on a brassicaceous host, and one line collected from and reared on a malvaceous host, were evaluated for their efficiency of transmitting zucchini yellow mosaic virus (family potyviridae, genus potyvirus, zymv). in the first experiment, the transmission efficiencies of two clones from brassicaceae (b1 and b2) were 52.0 and 60.8%, respectively, and these transmissions were not significantly different. in a secon ...200718232392
effect of chemical paclobutrazol on growth, yield and quality of okra (abelmoschus esculentus l.) har lium cultivar in northeast thailand.this investigation was carried out at mahasarakham university experimental farm, mahasarakham university, northeast thailand in the late rainy season of the 2003 to 2004 with the use of roi-et soil series (oxic paleustults). the experiment aims to search for more information on the effect of different rates of chemical paclobutrazol (pbz) application on growth, yield and quality of edible okra pods. a randomised complete block design (rcdb) with four replications was used for the experiment. the ...200719069514
large molecules as anti-adhesive compounds against pathogens.anti-adhesive compounds are potential prophylactic tools in alternative treatment regimes against bacterial infection, as bacterial adhesion is commonly mediated by carbohydrate-protein interactions between surface adhesions of microorganisms and the host cell. the use of exogenous polyvalent, high-molecular carbohydrates and tannin-like plant-derived compounds should antagonize the adhesive interaction. a range of carbohydrates and carbohydrate- and proanthocyanidin-enriched plant extracts were ...200717637170
complete nucleotide sequence and experimental host range of okra mosaic virus.okra mosaic virus (okmv) is a tymovirus infecting members of the family malvaceae. early infections in okra (abelmoschus esculentus) lead to yield losses of 12-19.5%. besides intensive biological characterizations of okmv only minor molecular data were available. therefore, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a nigerian isolate of okmv. the complete genomic rna (grna) comprises 6,223 nt and its genome organization showed three major orfs coding for a putative movement protein (mp) ...200818049886
heavy metal (cu, zn, cd and pb) contamination of vegetables in urban india: a case study in varanasi.the contributions of heavy metals in selected vegetables through atmospheric deposition were quantified in an urban area of india. deposition rate of zn was recorded maximum followed by cu, cd and pb. the concentrations of zn and cu were highest in brassica oleracea, cd in abelmoschus esculentus and b. oleracea, while pb was highest in beta vulgaris. heavy metal pollution index showed that b. oleracea was maximally contaminated with heavy metals followed by a. esculentus and then b. vulgaris. th ...200818031880
field efficacy of azadirachtin-a, tetrahydroazadirachtin-a, neemazal and endosulfan against key pests of okra (abelmoschus esculentus).background unlike synthetic pesticides, azadirachtin-based neem pesticides are environmentally friendly and are well known for their diverse pest control properties. their use is, however, limited by the instability of azadirachtin, necessitating application at short intervals. the efficacy of relatively stable tetrahydroazadirachtin-a, therefore, needed to be established under field conditions. results: azadirachtin-a (aza-a), its stable derivative tetrahydroazadirachtin-a (tha) and other neem ...200818537118
comparison of plant growth-promotion with pseudomonas aeruginosa and bacillus subtilis in three vegetables.our objective was to compare some plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) properties of bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas aeruginosa as representatives of their two genera. solanum lycopersicum l. (tomato), abelmoschus esculentus (okra), and amaranthus sp. (african spinach) were inoculated with the bacterial cultures. at 60 days after planting, dry biomass for plants treated with b. subtilis and p. aeruginosa increased 31% for tomato, 36% and 29% for okra, and 83% and 40% for african spinach ...200824031240
identification and quantification of polyphenolic compounds from okra seeds and skins.the aims of the present work were to identify and quantify the polyphenolic profile of okra (abelmoschus esculentus), a vegetable almost worldwide consumed. since the knowledge about the okra polyphenolic compounds is limited, the seeds and the skins of okra were separately analyzed. the seeds, which represent the 17% of the vegetable and are richer in phenolic compounds, were mainly composed by oligomeric catechins (2.5mg/g of seeds) and flavonol derivatives (3.4mg/g of seeds). the skins polyph ...200826047300
glutathione and cysteine biosynthesis in two varieties of abelmoschus esculentus in response to mine spoil.the extent of accumulation of some heavy metals and glutathione and cysteine levels in the roots and aerial plant parts in two genotypically different varieties of a. esculentus (ks404 and bo2) exposed to mine spoil were investigated. glutathione (gsh) level in both the varieties on control sites increased from basal level to 155.15 nmol g(-1) dry weight (d.wt.), almost 1.5 fold on 30 day and attained a plateau within 60 day mine spoil exposure of both the varieties decreased glutathione 1.13 fo ...200818831339
agricultural reuse of reclaimed water and uptake of organic compounds: pilot study at mutah university wastewater treatment plant, jordan.the residues of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), chlorinated benzenes (cbs) and phenols were investigated for soil, wastewater, groundwater and plants. the uptake concentration of these compounds was comparatively determined using various plant types: zea mays l., helianthus annus l., capsicum annum l., abelmoschus esculentus l., solanum melongena l. and lycopersicon esculentum l. which were grown in a pilot site established at mutah university wastewat ...200818471853
relative efficacy of water use in five varieties of abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench. under water-limited conditions.in the present investigation, five varieties of okra (abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench.) were screened for their water use efficiency under two water regimes, viz., 60% and 100% filed capacity. drought stress was imposed at 60% field capacity from 30 to 70 days after sowing, while the control pots were maintained at 100% field capacity throughout the period of entire growth. biomass and yield, leaf area duration, cumulative water transpired water use efficiency, net assimilation rate, mean tra ...200817988840
studies on heterosis in abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench and a. callei (a. chev) stevels cultivars during shorter day photoperiods in south eastern nigeria.better parent heterosis was studied in direct and reciprocal crosses using 9 early and late okra cultivars which belonged to the early-early, early-late, late-early and late-late okra flowering types. the anova for length of pod, circumference of pod, number of locules per pod, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, weight of 1000 seeds, density of seeds, weight of pods per plant, days to flower opening, plant height and circumference of stem at 10 cm above soil level, showed almost ...200920128509
chemical composition and the antioxidative properties of nigerian okra seed (abelmoschus esculentus moench) flour.studies on the chemical composition and the antioxidative properties of nigerian okra seed (abelmoschus esculentus moench) flour were carried out. this is done to establish the nutritional composition and the antioxidative potentials of the seeds, both of which are highly implicated in health. okra seeds were roasted at 160 degreec for 10-60 mins. the roasted seeds were subjected to proximate, yield and antioxidative activity determination. pre-treatment by roasting was found to increase the yie ...200919425185
okra pectin contains an unusual substitution of its rhamnosyl residues with acetyl and alpha-linked galactosyl groups.the okra plant, abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench, a native plant from africa, is now cultivated in many other areas such as asia, africa, middle east, and the southern states of the usa. okra pods are used as vegetables and as traditional medicines. sequential extraction showed that the hot buffer soluble solids (hbss) extract of okra consists of highly branched rhamnogalacturonan (rg) i containing high levels of acetyl groups and short galactose side chains. in contrast, the chelating agent s ...200919195648
influence of pre-treatment on yield chemical and antioxidant properties of a nigerian okra seed (abelmoschus esculentus moench) flour.okra seeds are reported to be limited to re-generational purpose in nigeria while majority are discarded as unfit for this purpose. studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of soaking and blanching on the yield, proximate composition and antioxidant activity of okra seed flour. pre-treatment by soaking and blanching were found to increase yield which was time dependent. the range mean obtained for protein, fat, ash and fiber contents were 46.10-38.99, 28.08-25.08, 3.95-3.15 and 3.76-3.10, ...200919146911
characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides from okra (abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench).okra pods are commonly used in asia as a vegetable, food ingredient, as well as a traditional medicine for many different purposes; for example, as diuretic agent, for treatment of dental diseases and to reduce/prevent gastric irritations. the healthy properties are suggested to originate from the high polysaccharide content of okra pods, resulting in a highly viscous solution with a slimy appearance when okra is extracted with water. in this study, we present a structural characterisation of al ...200919061990
heavy metals in vegetables collected from production and market sites of a tropical urban area of india.vegetables (beta vulgaris l., abelmoschus esculentus l. and brassica oleracea l.) from the production and market sites of india were tested for cu, cd, zn and pb. at market sites, the mean concentration of cu in cauliflower, and of zn and cd in both palak and cauliflower had exceeded the pfa standard. zn at the production sites also exceeded the pfa standard in cauliflower. cd concentration in vegetables tested from both production and market sites was many folds higher than the eu standard. in ...200919138719
roles and interactions of begomoviruses and satellite dnas associated with okra leaf curl disease in mali, west africa.okra leaf curl disease (olcd) is a major constraint on okra (abelmoschus esculentus) production in west africa. two monopartite begomoviruses (okra virus-1 and okra virus-2), a betasatellite and a dna1 satellite are associated with olcd in mali. okra virus-1 is an isolate of okra yellow crinkle virus (oycrv), okra virus-2 is a recombinant isolate of cotton leaf curl gezira virus (clcugv) and the betasatellite is a variant of cotton leaf curl gezira betasatellite (clcugb). cloned dna of oycrv and ...200919264648
combined effects of psoralens and ultraviolet-b on growth, pigmentation and biochemical parameters of abelmoschus esculentus l.the effects of pre-treatment of psoralens (furocoumarin compounds) and supplemental ultraviolet-b (suv-b) were studied on plant growth, photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic pigments, protein, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) activity and antioxidative defense potential as well as their ultimate effects on biomass production in abelmoschus esculentus l. (okra) plants. psoralens are capable of absorbing radiant energy and stimulating the pigmentation of human skin when photo-activated in presenc ...200919187962
complete nucleotide sequences of okra isolates of cotton leaf curl gezira virus and their associated dna-beta from niger.okra (abelmoschus esculentus) is a major crop in niger. in the fall of 2007, okra leaf curl disease was observed in niger and the begomovirus and dna-beta satellite were found associated with the disease. the complete nucleotide sequences of dna-a (fj469626 and fj469627) and associated dna-beta satellites (fj469628 and fj469629) were determined from two samples. this is the first report of molecular characterization of okra-infecting begomovirus and their associated dna-beta from niger. the bego ...200919156351
screening of dried plant seed extracts for adiponectin production activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitory activity on 3t3-l1 adipocytes.to search for dried plant seeds with potent anti-diabetes activity, we conducted a large scale screening for inhibitory activity on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and facilitating activity on adiponectin production in vitro. these activities in 3t3-l1 adipocytes were screened from ethanol extracts of 20 kinds of dried plant seed marketed in japan. komatsuna (brassica rapa var. perviridis), common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), qing geng cai (brassica rapa var. chinensis), green soybean (glycine max) ...201020717728
physiological, biochemical and growth responses of lady's finger (abelmoschus esculentus l.) plants as affected by cd contaminated soil.cadmium contamination of the soil is a common cause of environmental concern in the suburban areas of developing cities in india the present research paper describes the changes in physiological, biochemical, growth and yield characteristics, and bioaccumulation potential of lady's finger (abelmoschus esculentus l.), an important vegetable crop at different levels of cd in the soil. cadmium accumulation was maximum in roots followed by stems, leaves and fruits at 100 mg cd kg(-1) in the soil. cd ...201020499048
molecular diversity of cotton leaf curl gezira virus isolates and their satellite dnas associated with okra leaf curl disease in burkina faso.okra leaf curl disease (olcd) is a major constraint on okra (abelmoschus esculentus) production and is widespread in africa. using a large number of samples representative of the major growing regions in burkina faso (bf), we show that the disease is associated with a monopartite begomovirus and satellite dna complexes. twenty-three complete genomic sequences of cotton leaf curl gezira virus (clcugv) isolates associated with olcd, sharing 95 to 99% nucleotide identity, were cloned and sequenced. ...201020178575
oral sustained release tablets of zidovudine using binary blends of natural and synthetic polymers.oral sustained release matrix tablets of zidovudine (zdv) were prepared using different types, proportions and blends of carbopol 71g (c71) and a plant gum obtained from abelmoschus esculentus (aeg). the effect of various formulation factors like polymer proportion, polymer type and ph of the dissolution medium on the in vitro release of the drug was studied, using the half change technique, in 900 ml of dissolution medium, at 100 rpm. release kinetics were analyzed using zero-order, higuchi's s ...201020823575
[studies on the chemical constituents from petroleum ether portion of abelmoschus esculentus].to study the chemical constituents of abelmoschus esculentus.201021213539
water-soluble fraction of abelmoschus esculentus l interacts with glucose and metformin hydrochloride and alters their absorption kinetics after coadministration in rats.this study was done to investigate the effects of water-soluble fraction (wsf) of the fruits of abelmoschus esculentus l (okra/lady's fingers) on absorption of oral glucose as well as metformin from the gastrointestinal tract in the long evans rats. wsf of a. esculentus significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the absorption of glucose as studied in the 24 hrs fasting rats. the effect of wsf of a. esculentus on metformin absorption was studied in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. significant differences (p ...201122389848
irrigation with domestic wastewater: responses on growth and yield of ladyfinger abelmoschus esculentus and on soil nutrients.domestic wastewater is generated continuously and in large quantities. it can serve as an alternative water nutrient source for irrigation. in the present study abelmoschus esculentus l. (ladyfinger) was irrigated using untreated wastewater (t1), treated wastewater (t2) and rainwater (t3) in pot experiments. the effect was seen on nutrient fortication, growth and yield of the plant and the nutrient status of the soil. additionally the build up of cr, cu and zn from the irrigation water were anla ...201122319883
antioxidant and antiradical activities of manihot esculenta crantz (euphorbiaceae) leaves and other selected tropical green vegetables investigated on lipoperoxidation and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (pma) activated monocytes.abelmoschus esculentus (malvaceae), hibiscus acetosella (malvaceae), manihot esculenta crantz (euphorbiaceae) and pteridium aquilinum (dennstaedtiaceae) leaves are currently consumed as vegetables by migrants from sub-saharan africa living in western europe and by the people in the origin countries, where these plants are also used in the folk medicine. manihot leaves are also eaten in latin america and some asian countries. this work investigated the capacity of aqueous extracts prepared from t ...201122254126
[chemical constituents from petroleum ether portion of abelmoschus esculentus ii].to study the chemical constituents of abelmoschus esculentus.201121761729
extraction and physicochemical characterization of a new polysaccharide obtained from the fresh fruits of abelmoschus esculentus.this paper is the first multi-scale characterization of the fluidize-dried gum extracted from the fresh fruits of the plant abelmoschus esculentus. it describes the physical, thermal, sorptional and functional properties of this natural gum. elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (sem), particle size analysis, x-ray powder diffraction (xprd), thermo-gravimetric analysis (tga), differential scanning calorimetry (dsc), fourier transmittance infra red (ft-ir), and nuclear magnetic resonan ...201124250349
impact of okra (abelmoschus esculentus) seed flour on nutrients, functional properties and zinc bioavailability of plantain flour.in nigeria, nursing mothers are advised to give their infants plantain flour paste 'amala ogede' with 'ewedu' corchorus olitorius soup during the process of weaning. over-matured okra is typically discarded resulting in substantial post-harvest waste; the seed could be processed into okra seed flour for the fortification of plantain flour. the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the addition of okra seed flour on the nutrients, functional properties, minerals and zinc bioavailability ...201122655457
effect of spent mushroom compost of pleurotus pulmonarius on growth performance of four nigerian vegetables.spent mushroom compost (smc) of pleurotus pulmonarius (an edible fungus) was used as soil conditioner for the improvement of growth of four common nigerian vegetables (abelmoschus esculentus, lycopersicum esculentum, capsicum annum and capsicum chinense). the results of these investigations showed that the vegetables responded well to the smc treatment. each of them attained its best growth and gave the highest number of flowers and fruits when planted on 6 kg of depleted garden soil supplemente ...201122783098
antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.the present investigation was aimed to study the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of abelmoschus esculentus peel and seed powder (aepp and aesp) in streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabetic rats.201121966160
neuroprotective effects of quercetin, rutin and okra (abelmoschus esculentus linn.) in dexamethasone-treated mice.the administration of dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist, causes neuronal death in the ca3 layer of the hippocampus, which has been associated with learning and memory impairments. this study aimed to examine the ability of okra (abelmoschus esculentus linn.) extract and its derivatives (quercetin and rutin) to protect neuronal function and improve learning and memory deficits in mice subjected to dexamethasone treatment. learning and memory functions in mice were examine ...201121740943
diversity and phylogeography of begomovirus-associated beta satellites of okra in india.abstract: background: okra (abelmoschus esculentus; family malvaceae) is grown in temperate as well as subtropical regions of the world, both for human consumption as a vegetable and for industrial uses. okra yields are affected by the diseases caused by phyopathogenic viruses. india is the largest producer of okra and in this region a major biotic constraint to production are viruses of the genus begomovirus. begomoviruses affecting okra across the old world are associated with specific, sympt ...201122188644
effect of drying temperature and slice size on quality of dried okra (abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench).okra (abelmoschus esculentus (l) moench) is an important vegetable crop of india. dried okra pods have wide use in snacks and are in great demand for domestic as well as export market. hence, effect of four slice sizes (1, 2, 3 and 4 cm) and four drying temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 80 °c) on quality of hot air dried okra were studied. okra pods were dried in the form of slices cut across the length at different temperatures. quality assessment of okra was done on the basis of protein, ascorbic a ...201123729860
seed oil and fatty acid content in okra (abelmoschus esculentus) and related species.approximately 1100 genebank accessions of okra (abelmoschus esculentus) and 540 additional accessions that included six of its related species-a. caillei, a. crinitis, a. esculentus, a. ficulneus, a. manihot, a. moschatus and a. tuberculatus-were evaluated for seed oil content using time domain nmr (td-nmr). oil content in seed of a. caillei, a. esculentus, a. ficulneus, a. manihot, a. moschatus and a. tuberculatus was in the ranges 2.51-13.61%, 12.36-21.56%, 6.62-16.7%, 16.1-22.0%, 10.3-19.8% a ...201121413797
molecular characterization of distinct bipartite begomovirus infecting bhendi (abelmoschus esculentus l.) in india.yellow vein mosaic disease of okra is a whitefly transmitted begomovirus causing heavy economic loss in different parts of india. the okra isolate (oy131) of this virus from a bhendi plant [(abelmoschus esculentus l.) moench] showing yellow vein mosaic, vein twisting, reduced leaves, and a bushy appearance in the palem region, new delhi, india, was characterized in the present study. the complete dna-a and dna-b sequences have been determined and are comprised of 2,746 and 2,703 nucleotides, res ...201222447131
comprehensive screening and selection of okra (abelmoschus esculentus) germplasm for salinity tolerance at the seedling stage and during plant ontogeny.the okra germplasm was screened for salinity tolerance at the seedling stage and during plant ontogeny. substantial variation existed in okra for salinity tolerance at the seedling stage. an 80 mmol/l nacl concentration was suitable for discriminating tolerant and non-tolerant okra genotypes. the pooled ranking of the genotypes, based on individual rankings for each trait (root and shoot length, germination percentage, and relative na(+) and k(+)) in individual nacl concentrations, was effective ...201222761245
analysis and comparison of the active components and antioxidant activities of extracts from abelmoschus esculentus l.abelmoschus esculentus l. is a healthy vegetable belonging to the family malvaceae. this article reports the contents of total phenolics (tp) and total flavonoids (tf) in 80% methanol extracts of the flower (fl), fruit (fr), leaf (l), and seed (s) of a. esculentus, and in 0, 10, 30, 50, and 70% methanol eluates (me), through the hp-20 column chromatography of 80% of the methanol fruit extract after it is defatted with petroleum and extracted with ethyl acetate. all the names of the samples are s ...201222701290
a new flavonol glycoside from the abelmoschus esculentus linn.abelmoschus esculentus l. belonging to the family malvaceae is a kind of one year herbage plant, which is one of the most important vegetables widely grown in nigeria for its tender fruits and young leaves. it's easy to be cultivated and grows well in both tropical and temperate zones, that is, it is widely planted from africa to asia, south european to america. a new flavonol glycoside characterized as 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-4''-o-methyl flavonol -3-o-β-d- glucopyranoside (1) has been isolated ...201222438657
polysaccharide-free nucleic acids and proteins of abelmoschus esculentus for versatile molecular studies.abelmoschus esculentus (okra) is one of the polysaccharide rich crop plants. the polysaccharides interfere with nucleic acids and protein isolation thereby affecting the downstream molecular analysis. so, to understand the molecular systematics of okra, high quality dna, rna and proteins are essential. in this study we present a method for extracting genomic dna, rna and proteins from polysaccharide rich okra tissues. the conventional extraction procedures were integrated with purification treat ...201223113348
molecular typing of mealybug phenacoccus solenopsis populations from different hosts and locations in punjab, india.true identity and existence of genetic variability in mealy bug from different regions holds immense significance for adopting appropriate control measures along with predicting the development of any biotypes. mealy bug, phenacoccus solenopsis adults were collected from four host plants i.e., gossypium hirsutum--cotton (c), abelmoschus esculentus--okra (o), pennisetum glaucum--napier bajra (b) and a weed--parthenium hysterophorus (p) in five cotton growing districts i.e., abohar, bathinda, mans ...201223029900
purification and biological activities of abelmoschus esculentus seed lectin.the abelmoschus esculentus (malvaceae) plant originated in africa and has spread across a number of tropic countries, including northeastern brazil. the plant has been used to treat various disorders, such as cancer, microbial infections, hypoglycemia, constipation, urine retention and inflammation. the lectin of a. esculentus (ael) was isolated by precipitation with ammonium sulfate at a saturation level of 30/60 and purified by ion exchange chromatography (sephacel-deae). the electrophoresis ( ...201222965555
enhancement in the germination, growth and yield of okra (abelmoschus esculentus) using pre-sowing magnetic treatment of seeds.the effect of pre-sowing magnetic treatments was investigated on germination, growth and yield of okra (abelmoschus esculentus cv. sapz pari). the dry okra seeds were exposed to sinusoidal magnetic field induced by an electromagnet. the average magnetic field exposure was 99 mt for 3 and 11 min and seeds with no magnetic field treatment were considered as control. both treated and non-treated seeds were sown in experimental plots (120 m2) under similar conditions. samples were collected at regul ...201222803337
composition analysis and immuno-modulatory effect of okra (abelmoschus esculentus l.) extract.the aim of this study was to analyse the composition of okra (abelmoschus esculentus l.) extract and investigate the effect of a. esculentus l. polysaccharides (ae-ps) on the maturation and function of dendritic cells (dcs) derived from rat bone marrow hematopoietic cells (bmhcs) in vitro. bmhc-derived immature dcs (bmhc-imdcs) were extracted from rats and treated with ae-ps. the hydrolysed okra extract contained 0.6% β-1, 3-d-glucan. ae-ps induced the presence of polymorphic nuclei and elongate ...201223442637
investigation of in vivo antioxidant property of abelmoschus esculentus (l) moench. fruit seed and peel powders in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench. fruit is a commonly consumed vegetable in many countries due to its rich medicinal value. however, till date, in vivo antioxidant property of a. esculentus has not been scientifically documented in animal models.201223326089
metal contamination and health risk from consumption of organically grown vegetables influenced by atmospheric deposition in a seasonally dry tropical region of india.pot-culture experiments showed that organically grown vicia faba, influenced by atmospheric deposition, accumulated (μg g(-1)) 0.088-3.246 cadmium, 0.19-42.48 chromium, 0.0124-30.43 copper, 0.075-4.28 lead and 0.63-67.68 zinc. similar trends appeared for abelmoschus esculentus. at high deposition sites, cadmium, lead and zinc exceeded the safe limits of prevention of food adulteration standards. health risk index for cadmium, copper and lead exceeded the safe limits of united states environmenta ...201222653308
spectroscopic and thermooxidative analysis of organic okra oil and seeds from abelmoschus esculentus.with changes in human consumption from animal fats to vegetable oils, the search for seed types, often from unconventional vegetable sources has grown. research on the chemical composition of both seed and oil for brazilian okra in south america is still incipient. in this study, flour and oil from organic okra seeds (abelmoschus esculentus l moench), grown in northeastern brazil were analyzed. similar to okra varieties from the middle east and central america, brazilian okra has significant amo ...201222645459
polyphenol content and modulatory activities of some tropical dietary plant extracts on the oxidant activities of neutrophils and myeloperoxidase.young leaves of manihot esculenta crantz (euphorbiaceae), abelmoschus esculentus (malvaceae), hibiscus acetosella (malvaceae) and pteridium aquilinum (dennstaedtiaceae) are currently consumed as green vegetables by peoples in sub-saharan africa, latin america, asia and their migrants living in western europe. sub-saharan peoples use manihot, abelmoschus and hibiscus also in the folk medicine to alleviate fever and pain, in the treatment of conjunctivitis, rheumatism, hemorrhoid, abscesses, ... t ...201222312276
moisturizing effect of alcohol-based hand rub containing okra polysaccharide.a natural, moisturizing alcohol-based hand rub (abhr) containing okra (abelmoschus esculentus) polysaccharide was formulated to reduce the dryness caused by traditional hand-cleansing products. the abhr developed also reduced infectious disease transmission. preliminary evaluations of the stable natural hand hygiene preparations were conducted to determine preference and short-term moisturizing efficacy in volunteers. formulations contained varying amounts of gelling agent (0.5% and 0.3% w/v). a ...201222404565
ferti-irrigational effect of paper mill effluent on agronomical characteristics of abelmoschus esculentus l. (okra).the ferti-irrigational effect of an agro-based paper mill effluent on abelmoschus esculentus (var. ihr-31) was investigated. different doses of paper mill effluent viz. 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% were used for fertigation ofa. esculentus along with bore well water (control). the study revealed that paper mill effluent had significant (p < 0.05) effect on ec, ph, oc, na+, k+, ca2+, mg2+, fe2+, tkn, po4(3-), so4(2-), cd, cr, cu, mn and zn of the soil in both seasons. insignificant (p > 0.05) chang ...201324511684
evaluation of fatty acid and amino acid compositions in okra (abelmoschus esculentus) grown in different geographical locations.okra has different uses as a food and a remedy in traditional medicine. since it produces many seeds, distribution of the plant is also quite easy. although seed oil yield is low (4.7%), since the linoleic acid composition of the seed oil is quiet high (67.5%), it can still be used as a source of (unsat) unsaturated fatty acids. in this study, samples of okra grown in four different locations were analyzed to measure fatty acid and amino acid compositions. the content of the lipid extraction ran ...201324171167
the okra (abelmoschus esculentus) transcriptome as a source for gene sequence information and molecular markers for diversity analysis.a combined leaf and pod transcriptome of okra (abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench) has been produced by rna sequencing and short read assembly. more than 150,000 unigenes were obtained, comprising some 46 million base pairs of sequence information. more than 55% of the unigenes were annotated through sequence comparison with databases. the okra transcriptome sequences were mined for simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. from 935 non-redundant ssr motifs identified in the unigene set, 199 were ch ...201323299025
agro-potentiality of distillery effluent on soil and agronomical characteristics of abelmoschus esculentus l. (okra).the present study showed that irrigation of soil with different effluent concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 %) of distillery effluent (de) for 60 days resulted in significant (p < 0.001) changes in moisture content; electrical conductivity (ec), ph, chlorides (cl(-)), total organic carbon (toc), exchangeable sodium (na(+)), available potassium (k(+)), calcium (ca(2+)), magnesium (mg(2+)), iron (fe(2+)), total kjeldahl nitrogen (tkn), available phosphorus (p), and sulfate (so4 (2-)) of soil. ...201323264061
natural mucoadhesive microspheres of abelmoschus esculentus polysaccharide as a new carrier for nasal drug delivery.this work describes the preparation and evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres, using abelmoschus esculentus polysaccharide as a novel carrier for safe and effective delivery of rizatriptan benzoate into nasal cavity. the polysaccharide was extracted from the fruit of a. esculentus and mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared by emulsification, followed by crosslinking using epichlorohydrin. prepared microspheres were evaluated for size, morphology, swelling properties, mucoadhesive strength, en ...201323379506
formulation and in vitro evaluation of metformin hydrochloride loaded microspheres prepared with polysaccharide extracted from natural sources.the present work envisages utilisation of biodegradable and biocompatible material from natural sources for the development of controlled release microspheres of metformin hydrochloride (meth). natural polysaccharides extracted from dillenia indica l. (di), abelmoschus esculentus l. (ae) and bora rice flour were used in fabricating controlled release microspheres. the microspheres were prepared by the emulsion solvent diffusion technique with different proportions of natural materials and were s ...201323846143
abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench. and abelmoschus moschatus medik: seeds production and analysis of the volatile compounds.nine accessions of abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench. and three of abelmoschus moschatus medik were both grown in central italy for the evaluation of the production of seeds. furthermore, the volatiles emitted by the mature seeds were sampled by mean of spme. seventy compounds were detected in the headspace of the seeds of a. esculentus. the principal constituents common to all the nine accessions were isopentyl 2-methyl butanoate (24.5-59.1%) and heptanoic acid 2-methylbutyl ester (6.6-13.5%). ...201323768323
polysaccharide extraction from abelmoschus esculentus: optimization by response surface methodology.crude polysaccharide extraction from the iranian abelmoschus esculentus was performed using water decoction. response surface methodology (rsm), based on a five level, four variable central composite rotatable design (ccrd), was employed to obtain the best possible combination of extraction time (x1: 0.5-6.5 h), extraction temperature (x2: 80-100 °c), number of extraction (x3: 1-5), and water to the raw material ratio (x4: 4-28) for maximum polysaccharide extraction. the experimental data obtain ...201323618310
hepatoprotective role of abelmoschus esculentus (linn.) moench., on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury.chronic liver disease has become a global health problem. the research for prominent herbal agents for the management of liver diseases is widely increased.201323581558
first report of an alphasatellite associated with okra enation leaf curl virus.an alphasatellite dna associated with okra enation leaf curl virus (oelcuv) which causes enation and leaf curling in okra (abelmoschus esculentus) plants was characterized. the full-length dna comprises 1,350 nucleotides and shows typical genome organization of an alphasatellite. it shows the highest nucleotide sequence identity (79.7 %) to hollyhock yellow vein virus-associated symptomless alphasatellite (hoyvsla). this is the first report of the association of an alphasatellite with oelcuv fro ...201323475199
first identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors from okra (abelmoschus esculentus) seeds.infusion of roasted okra seeds has long been consumed in turkey for diabetes mellitus therapy. previous reports of a hypoglycemic effect observed in rats administrated with okra seed extract indicated a possible connection with inhibition of intestinal alpha-glucosidase. an attempt to identify active components was first herein conducted using alpha-glucosidase-inhibition-guided isolation, yielding two major flavonol glucosides named isoquercetin (2) and quercetin-3-o-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1"' -- ...201324079173
efficient genetic transformation of okra (abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench) and generation of insect-resistant transgenic plants expressing the cry1ac gene.agrobacterium -mediated transformation system for okra using embryos was devised and the transgenic bt plants showed resistance to the target pest, okra shoot, and fruit borer ( earias vittella ). okra is an important vegetable crop and progress in genetic improvement via genetic transformation has been impeded by its recalcitrant nature. in this paper, we describe a procedure using embryo explants for agrobacterium-mediated transformation and tissue culture-based plant regeneration for efficien ...201323504006
association of a recombinant cotton leaf curl bangalore virus with yellow vein and leaf curl disease of okra in india.a begomovirus isolate (oy136a) collected from okra plants showing upward leaf curling, vein clearing, vein thickening and yellowing symptoms from bangalore rural district, karnataka, india was characterized. the sequence comparisons revealed that, this virus isolate share highest nucleotide identity with isolates of cotton leaf curl bangalore virus (clcubv) (ay705380) (92.8 %) and okra enation leaf curl virus (81.1-86.2 %). this is well supported by phylogentic analysis showing, close clustering ...201324426275
assessment of plant lectin antifungal potential against yeasts of major importance in medical mycology.the search for new compounds with antifungal activity is accelerating due to rising yeast and fungal resistance to commonly prescribed drugs. among the molecules being investigated, plant lectins can be highlighted. the present work shows the potential of six plant lectins which were tested in vitro against yeasts of medical importance, candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida parapsilosis, cryptococcus gattii, cryptococcus neoformans, malassezia pachydermatis, rhodotorula sp. and trichospo ...201323161017
antiadhesive properties of abelmoschus esculentus (okra) immature fruit extract against helicobacter pylori adhesion.traditional asian and african medicine use immature okra fruits (abelmoschus esculentus) as mucilaginous food to combat gastritis. its effectiveness is due to polysaccharides that inhibit the adhesion of helicobacter pylori to stomach tissue. the present study investigates the antiadhesive effect in mechanistic detail.201424416297
responses of growth of lady's fingers (abelmoschus esculentus l.) to different treatments methods of dairy wastewater.water is one of the most important precious resources found on the earth, and are most often affected by anthropogenic activities and by industry. pollution caused by human beings and industries is a serious concern throughout the world. population growth, massive urbanization, rapid rate of industrialization and modern techniques in agriculture have accelerated water pollution and led to the gradual deterioration of its quality. a large quantity of waste water disposed of at sea or on land has ...201424847548
influence of wastewater application and fertilizer use on growth, photosynthesis, nutrient homeostatis, yield and heavy metal accumulation in okra (abelmoschus esculentus l. moench).the scarceness of freshwater assets is a serious problem in semi-arid zones and marginal quality water is increasingly being used in agriculture. this study aimed at evaluating the physico-chemical and biological risks on irrigated soils of treated wastewater, the nutrient supply and the effect on okra plant. a pot experiment based on completely randomized block design was conducted with treated wastewater (tw) and inorganic fertilizers to observe a comparative effect on biochemical characters u ...201426030995
lectin of abelmoschus esculentus (okra) promotes selective antitumor effects in human breast cancer cells.the anti-tumor effects of a newly-discovered lectin, isolated from okra, abelmoschus esculentus (ael), were investigated in human breast cancer (mcf7) and skin fibroblast (ccd-1059 sk) cells. ael induced significant cell growth inhibition (63 %) in mcf7 cells. the expression of pro-apoptotic caspase-3, caspase-9, and p21 genes was increased in mcf7 cells treated with ael, compared to those treated with controls. in addition, ael treatment increased the bax/bcl-2 ratio in mcf7 cells. flow cytomet ...201424129958
optimization of microwave-assisted hot air drying conditions of okra using response surface methodology.okra (abelmoschus esculentus) was dried to a moisture level of 0.1 g water/g dry matter using a microwave-assisted hot air dryer. response surface methodology was used to optimize the drying conditions based on specific energy consumption and quality of dried okra. the drying experiments were performed using a central composite rotatable design for three variables: air temperature (40-70 °c), air velocity (1-2 m/s) and microwave power level (0.5-2.5 w/g). the quality of dried okra was determined ...201424493879
an ethnobotanical study of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used by the village peoples of thoppampatti, dindigul district, tamilnadu, india.this study provides significant ethnopharmacological information, both qualitative and quantitative on medicinal plants in the thoppampatti village, dindigul district, tamilnadu, india. there is urgency in recording such data to conserve the traditional medicinal plants. this is the first ethnobotanical study which records the traditional important medicinal plants of thoppampatti village. to collect, analyze and evaluate the ethnopharmacologic knowledge in thoppampatti village in order to prote ...201424583241
phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antistress, and nootropic activities of aqueous and methanolic seed extracts of ladies finger (abelmoschus esculentus l.) in mice.abelmoschus esculentus l. (ladies finger, okra) is a well-known tropical vegetable, widely planted from africa to asia and from south europe to america. in the present study, we investigated the in vitro antioxidant capacity and in vivo protective effect of the aqueous and methanolic seed extracts of abelmoschus esculentus against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment using passive avoidance task and acute restraining stress-induced behavioural and biochemical changes using elevated plus maze ...201425401145
field evaluation of a botanical formulation from the milky mangrove excoecaria agallocha l. against helicoverpa armigera hübner. in abelmoschus esculentus (lady's finger) and cajanus cajan (pigeon pea).to evaluate a formulation from the milky mangrove tree excoecaria agallocha l. (e. agallocha) against helicoverpa armigera hubner (h. armigera).201425312115
content determination of the flavonoids in the different parts and different species of abelmoschus esculentus l. by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatograph and colorimetric method.this research will establish the ultraviolet colorimetric method to determine the total flavonoid content in different species and different parts of abelmoschus esculentus l.201425210315
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