| absence of detectable salmonella cloacal shedding in free-living reptiles on admission to the wildlife center of virginia. | salmonellosis is an important reptile-associated zoonotic infection in the united states. cloacal swabs were collected from reptiles admitted to the wildlife center of virginia, waynesboro, virginia, cultured for salmonella using hektoen and xylose lysine deoxycholate agars, and inoculated in selenite broth. all three were incubated at 37 degrees c for 18-24 hr. seventy-five animals were included in the study, representing eight species, 34 eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina), 14 e ... | 2004 | 15732603 |
| intracytoplasmic inclusions in circulating leukocytes from an eastern box turtle (terrapene carolina carolina) with iridoviral infection. | a free-ranging adult female eastern box turtle (terrapene carolina carolina) was presented to the university of tennessee in october 2003 because of suspected trauma and blindness. physical examination revealed lethargy, clear ocular and nasal discharges, and white oral and laryngeal plaques. intracytoplasmic inclusions within heterophils and large mononuclear leukocytes were observed on routine blood smear examination. postmortem findings included necrosis of epithelial and parenchymal cells wi ... | 2006 | 17092902 |
| relationships among aural abscesses, organochlorine compounds, and vitamin a in free-ranging eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina). | aural abscesses are a common health problem in free-ranging eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina), and they have been associated with high body burdens of organochlorine (oc) compounds, which are known disruptors of vitamin a. the objective of this study was to determine if the presence of pathologic lesions in box turtles were correlated with increased and decreased levels of hepatic oc compounds and vitamin a, respectively. a graded scale for the pathologic changes observed in tiss ... | 2008 | 18957648 |
| development and validation of taqman quantitative pcr for detection of frog virus 3-like virus in eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina). | ranavirus has caused disease epidemics and mass mortality events globally in free-ranging fish, amphibian, and reptile populations. viral isolation and conventional pcr are the most common methods for diagnosis. in this study, a quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) assay was developed using a taqman probe-based assay targeting a highly conserved region of the major capsid protein of frog virus 3-like virus (fv3-like) (family iridoviridae, genera ranavirus). standard curves were generated from a vir ... | 2012 | 23274753 |
| experimental challenge study of fv3-like ranavirus infection in previously fv3-like ranavirus infected eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) to assess infection and survival. | the maryland zoo in baltimore experienced an outbreak of frog virus-3 (fv3)-like ranavirus during the summer of 2011, during which 14 of 27 (52%) of its captive eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) survived. to assess survival, immunity, and viral shedding, an experimental challenge study was performed in which the surviving, previously infected turtles were reinfected with the outbreak strain of fv3-like ranavirus. seven turtles were inoculated with virus intramuscularly and four c ... | 2015 | 26667529 |
| a mycoplasma species of emydidae turtles in the northeastern usa. | mycoplasma infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality in captive and wild chelonians. as part of a health assessment of endangered bog turtles (glyptemys muhlenbergii) in the northeastern us, choanal and cloacal swabs from these and other sympatric species, including spotted turtles (clemmys guttata), eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina), wood turtles (glyptemys insculpta), and common snapping turtles (chelydra serpentina) from 10 sampling sites in the states (us) of d ... | 2015 | 25574806 |
| pcr prevalence of ranavirus in free-ranging eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) at rehabilitation centers in three southeastern us states. | ranaviruses (genus ranavirus) have been observed in disease epidemics and mass mortality events in free-ranging amphibian, turtle, and tortoise populations worldwide. infection is highly fatal in turtles, and the potential impact on endangered populations could be devastating. our objectives were to determine the prevalence of ranavirus dna in blood and oral swabs, report associated clinical signs of infection, and determine spatial distribution of infected turtles. blood and oral swabs were tak ... | 2011 | 21719848 |
| diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) presented to a wildlife clinic in tennessee, usa, 1995-2007. | we performed a retrospective review of medical records for 574 eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) that presented to the university of tennessee college of veterinary medicine (utcvm) wildlife clinic between 1995 and 2007. these cases were reviewed to document and investigate the presenting complaints, as identified by a good samaritan, final diagnoses, treatment modalities, days in hospital, and final disposition. presenting complaints were consistent with the final diagnoses in 8 ... | 2010 | 20966259 |
| development and use of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of iridovirus exposure in gopher tortoises (gopherus polyphemus) and eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina). | iridoviruses, pathogens typically associated with fish and amphibians, have recently been shown to cause acute respiratory disease in chelonians including box turtles, red-eared sliders, gopher tortoises, and burmese star tortoises. case reports of natural infections in several chelonian species in the united states have been reported, however the prevalence remains unknown in susceptible populations of free-ranging chelonians. to determine the prevalence of iridovirus exposure in free-ranging g ... | 2010 | 19931321 |
| adenovirus and mycoplasma infection in an ornate box turtle (terrapene ornata ornata) in hungary. | a female, adult ornate box turtle (terrapene ornata ornata) with fatty liver was submitted for virologic examination in hungary. signs of an adenovirus infection including degeneration of the liver cells, enlarged nuclei and intranuclear inclusion bodies were detected by light microscopic examination. the presence of an adenovirus was later confirmed by obtaining partial sequence data from the adenoviral dna-dependent dna-polymerase. phylogenetic analyses revealed that this novel chelonian adeno ... | 2009 | 19375875 |
| ranavirus infection of free-ranging and captive box turtles and tortoises in the united states. | iridoviruses of the genus ranavirus are well known for causing mass mortality events of fish and amphibians with sporadic reports of infection in reptiles. this article describes five instances of ranavirus infection in chelonians between 2003 and 2005 in georgia, florida, new york, and pennsylvania, usa. affected species included captive burmese star tortoises (geochelone platynota), a free-ranging gopher tortoise (gopherus polyphemus), free-ranging eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carol ... | 2008 | 18957641 |
| prophylactic ovariosalpingectomy using a prefemoral approach in eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina). | | 2008 | 18931358 |
| inability to induce tympanic squamous metaplasia using organochlorine compounds in vitamin a-deficient red-eared sliders (trachemys scripta elegans). | previously, we reported that wild eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) with aural abscesses contained higher body burdens of organochlorine (oc) compounds than those without the lesion. this lesion in captive chelonians is associated with turtles that are fed diets deficient in vitamin a. to examine the pathophysiology of this lesion and evaluate the relationship between oc burdens and vitamin a metabolism, we maintained red-eared sliders (trachemys scripta elegans) under different ... | 2008 | 18689652 |
| phaeohyphomycosis in a free-living eastern box turtle (terrapene carolina carolina). | a free-ranging eastern box turtle (terrapene carolina carolina) was referred to the wildlife center of virginia with a three-month history of marked swelling of the right hind limb initially diagnosed as chromomycosis by histopathology. hematology revealed severe anemia (9%), leukocytosis (12.8 cells x 10(3)/microl), heterophilia (6.14 cells x 10(3)/microl), and monocytosis (0.51 cells x 10(3)/microl). gross necropsy revealed a firm, encapsulated 3 x 1 cm subcutaneous mass filled with dark brown ... | 2006 | 17255461 |
| characterization of the bacterial microflora of the tympanic cavity of eastern box turtles with and without aural abscesses. | aerobic bacterial cultures of the tympanic cavity of the middle ear were performed in eight eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) with aural abscesses and 15 eastern box turtles without aural abscesses (controls) that were admitted to the wildlife center of virginia, virginia, usa during 2003. twenty-two bacterial isolates were identified from 17 turtles including 10 gram-negative and 12 gram-positive bacteria. ten of 15 control animals had bacterial growth, resulting in identificati ... | 2006 | 17255456 |
| a novel mycoplasma detected in association with upper respiratory disease syndrome in free-ranging eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) in virginia. | clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease-like syndrome (urtd-ls) were observed in free-ranging eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) from virginia, usa (may 2001-august 2003), some of which also had aural abscesses. after a mycoplasma sp. was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), a study was undertaken to better define the range of clinical signs of disease and to distinguish mycoplasma-associated urtd-ls from other suspected causes of urtd-ls and aural abscessation i ... | 2006 | 16870850 |
| ranavirus-associated morbidity and mortality in a group of captive eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina). | seven captive eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) from a large collection of north american chelonians in north carolina became acutely ill in the fall of 2002. five of the turtles died. clinical signs included cutaneous abscessation, oral ulceration or abscessation (or both), respiratory distress, anorexia, and lethargy. the predominant postmortem lesion was fibrinoid vasculitis of various organs, including skin, mucous membranes, lungs, and liver. no inclusion bodies were detecte ... | 2004 | 15732597 |
| pathology of aural abscesses in free-living eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina). | aural abscess or abscess of the middle ear is common in free-living eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) of virginia (usa) and elsewhere. although its etiology remains unknown, hypovitaminosis a has been suggested on the basis of similar lesions occurring in captive chelonians fed diets that are deficient in vitamin a. this hypothesis was supported by significantly greater body burdens of organochlorine compounds (reported disruptors of vitamin a metabolism) and a nonsignificant tre ... | 2004 | 15650088 |
| epidemiologic determinants of aural abscessation in free-living eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina) in virginia. | epidemiologic determinants of 46 cases of aural abscessation in free-living eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina) admitted to the wildlife center of virginia (virginia, usa) from 1991 to 2000 were evaluated. county human population density, year and season of admission, weight, and sex did not affect the risk for box turtles to develop aural abscessation. counties with cases of aural abscessation were not randomly distributed, but rather were clustered into two multi-county regions. geographi ... | 2003 | 14733291 |
| morbidity and mortality of reptiles admitted to the wildlife center of virginia, 1991 to 2000. | medical records from 694 reptiles admitted to the wildlife center of virginia (wcv; waynesboro, virginia, usa) from 1991 to 2000 were reviewed to determine causes of morbidity and mortality. eighteen species were represented but the majority of cases were four species; eastern box turtle (terrapene carolina) (66%), eastern painted turtle (chrysemys picta) (11%), common snapping turtle (chelydra serpentina) (10%), and rat snake (elaphe sp.) (6%). there was a significant increase in reptile cases ... | 2002 | 12528435 |
| organochlorine pesticides associated with ocular, nasal, or otic infection in the eastern box turtle (terrapene carolina carolina). | from may 1987 to september 1994, 19 eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) originating from scattered locations on long island, new york (usa) were presented with one or more of the following signs: listlessness, ocular and nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and otitis media. numerous species of bacteria and yeast were isolated by aerobic culture. histopathologic findings confirmed chronic active bacterial infections. toxicologic analyses of livers revealed elevated concent ... | 1997 | 9226623 |
| chronic bacterial pneumonia in free-ranging eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina). | chronic bacterial pneumonia was diagnosed in two free-ranging eastern box turtles. mucoid exudation into the upper respiratory tract and bilateral, caseating pneumonia were seen grossly. microscopically, chronic, active inflammation with pseudomembrane formation occurred in the nasal sinuses and lungs while caseating granuloma-like structures were also observed in alveoli and associated infundibulae. since viral, protozoal or fungal agents could neither be demonstrated in tissue sections by ligh ... | 1983 | 6644935 |
| myiasis in two box turtles. | two eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) were treated for myiasis caused by sarcophaga cistudinis. the tortoises were examined because of swellings of the proximal cervical regions. both fully recovered following surgical removal of multiple larvae. | 1991 | 1748614 |
| mass mortality of eastern box turtles with upper respiratory disease following atypical cold weather. | emerging infectious diseases cause population declines in many ectotherms, with outbreaks frequently punctuated by periods of mass mortality. it remains unclear, however, whether thermoregulation by ectotherms and variation in environmental temperature is associated with mortality risk and disease progression, especially in wild populations. here, we examined environmental and body temperatures of free-ranging eastern box turtles terrapene carolina during a mass die-off coincident with upper res ... | 2017 | 28425422 |
| substrate color-induced melanization in eight turtle species from four chelonian groups. | background color convergence of prey occurring through local adaptation or phenotypically plastic responses can reduce predation rates by visual predators. we assessed the capacity for substrate color-induced melanization in eight turtle species within the groups chelydridae, emydidae, kinosternidae, and trionychidae by rearing individuals on black or white substrates for 160 days. in all aquatic turtle species, integuments of the head and carapace of the individuals that were reared on a black ... | 2014 | 24993507 |
| susceptibility of fish and turtles to three ranaviruses isolated from different ectothermic vertebrate classes. | ranaviruses have been associated with mortality of lower vertebrates around the world. frog virus 3 (fv3)-like ranaviruses have been isolated from different ectothermic vertebrate classes; however, few studies have demonstrated whether this pathogen can be transmitted among classes. using fv3-like ranaviruses isolated from the american bullfrog lithobates catesbeianus, eastern box turtle terrapene carolina carolina, and pallid sturgeon scaphirhynchus albus, we tested for the occurrence of interc ... | 2014 | 24895866 |
| ranavirus epizootic in captive eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) with concurrent herpesvirus and mycoplasma infection: management and monitoring. | frog virus 3 (fv3) and fv3-like viruses are members of the genus ranavirus (family iridoviridae) and are becoming recognized as significant pathogens of eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) in north america. in july 2011, 5 turtles from a group of 27 in maryland, usa, presented dead or lethargic with what was later diagnosed as fibrinonecrotic stomatitis and cloacitis. the presence of fv3-like virus and herpesvirus was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in the tested index ... | 2016 | 27010285 |
| coinfection with a novel fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus and a novel spirorchis sp. in an eastern box turtle (terrapene carolina) in florida. | herpesviruses are important pathogens of chelonians, and include chelonid herpesvirus 5, which is associated with fibropapillomatosis in sea turtles. spirorchid trematodes are blood flukes that reside within the cardiovascular system of marine turtles and may be associated with severe disease. an eastern box turtle (terrapene carolina) at the south florida wildlife care center (fort lauderdale, florida) was presented to the facility with papillomatous growths behind both rear legs. surgical remo ... | 2015 | 26077547 |
| body temperatures of selected amphibian and reptile species. | ectothermic vertebrates are a diverse group of animals that rely on external sources to maintain a preferred body temperature. amphibians and reptiles have a preferred optimal temperature zone that allows for optimal biological function. physiologic processes in ectotherms are influenced by temperature; these animals have capabilities in which they make use of behavioral and physiologic mechanisms to thermoregulate. core body, ambient air, body surface, and surface/water temperatures were obtain ... | 2012 | 23082515 |
| helminth parasites of eastern box turtles ( terrapene carolina carolina) from southern indiana, usa. | very little is known about parasitic diseases of eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina). the objective of this study was to examine the parasitic fauna of eastern box turtles collected from southern indiana, usa. turtles (n = 40) were salvaged mostly as road kills from southern indiana between may and october 2009. seven species of helminths in total were found parasitizing the gastrointestinal tract, including two digenean trematodes (brachycoelium salamandrae and telorchis robustus) ... | 2011 | 21294936 |
| detection of ranavirus using bone marrow harvested from mortality events in eastern box turtles ( terrapene carolina carolina). | the causes of free-living chelonian mortality events are often unknown because of infrequent recovery of remains and rapid postmortem decomposition. this study describes a technique to harvest bone marrow and detect frog virus 3-like ranavirus (fv3) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in skeletonized eastern box turtles ( terrapene carolina carolina) ( n = 87), and assesses agreement with concurrent perimortem samples ( n = 14). fv3 was detected in bone marrow samples from 12 turtle she ... | 2017 | 29297832 |
| identification of hemotropic mycoplasmas in an eastern box turtle ( terrapene carolina carolina) and a yellow-bellied slider ( trachemys scripta scripta) from north carolina. | mycoplasma spp. are known from several chelonian and other reptilian species. we determined if turtles obtained by the turtle rescue team at north carolina state university are carriers of hemotropic mycoplasma or bartonella spp. spleen samples were collected at necropsy during may through july, 2014 from 53 turtles of seven species. all turtles were dead or were euthanized upon arrival due to severe traumatic injuries, or they died shortly after beginning treatment. we used pcr amplification fo ... | 2018 | 29369724 |
| thermoregulatory performance and habitat selection of the eastern box turtle (terrapene carolina carolina). | environmental conditions may affect individual physiological processes that influence short-term performance and ultimately growth, survival and reproduction. as such, habitats selected by animals must provide suitable and adequate resources. ectothermic species are highly dependent on climatic conditions and ambient temperatures that dictate body temperature regulation and in turn physiological processes. we investigated the thermoregulatory performance, habitat selection, and movements of an e ... | 2017 | 29255608 |
| thermal biology of eastern box turtles in a longleaf pine system managed with prescribed fire. | fire can influence the microclimate of forest habitats by removing understory vegetation and surface debris. temperature is often higher in recently burned forests owing to increased light penetration through the open understory. because physiological processes are sensitive to temperature in ectotherms, we expected fire-maintained forests to improve the suitability of the thermal environment for turtles, and for turtles to seasonally associate with the most thermally-optimal habitats. using a l ... | 2017 | 29037402 |
| characterizing the 25-hydroxyvitamin d status of two populations of free-ranging eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina). | ultraviolet b radiation is recommended for captive reptiles to stimulate production of adequate levels of vitamin d; however, little is known regarding the vitamin d status in many free-ranging populations. current reference ranges for vitamin d in eastern box turtles have not yet been established. sixty free-ranging eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) from two well-studied populations in illinois (n = 24) and tennessee (n = 36) were assayed for plasma vitamin d concentration in 20 ... | 2017 | 28920808 |
| multi-drug resistance patterns of enteric bacteria in two populations of free-ranging eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina). | gram-negative isolates (n = 84) from 71% of free-ranging eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) in illinois and tennessee, united states, demonstrated resistance to at least one antibiotic while 30% of isolates demonstrated resistance to two or more antibiotics. resistance was observed against cefoxitin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefazolin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, cefovecin, and ceftiofur. gram-positive bacteria were isolated from 49 turtles, and all were observed to be resistant ... | 2017 | 28920793 |
| a turtle cognition research demonstration enhances visitor engagement and keeper-animal relationships. | environmental enrichment techniques present animals with cognitive challenges while providing them opportunities to make choices and exert control over their environment. in this way, cognitive research and training is enriching to animals and can be used as a form of enrichment in zoos and aquariums. cognitive research demonstrations also provide an opportunity to enhance visitor experience, as well as foster interactions between animals and keepers. we investigated how cognitive research sessi ... | 2017 | 28627010 |
| prevalence of terrapene herpesvirus 1 in free-ranging eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) in tennessee and illinois, usa. | diseases affecting the upper respiratory tract, such as herpesviruses, are well described in captive chelonians worldwide, but their importance in free-ranging populations is less well known. to characterize the disease epidemiology of terrapene herpesvirus 1 (terhv1), 409 free-ranging eastern box turtles ( terrapene carolina carolina) in tennessee and illinois, us were tested for terhv1 in 2013 and 2014 using taqman quantitative pcr. whole blood and swabs of the oral mucosa were collected from ... | 2017 | 28099078 |
| modeling hematologic and biochemical parameters with spatiotemporal analysis for the free-ranging eastern box turtle (terrapene carolina carolina) in illinois and tennessee, a potential biosentinel. | box turtles are long-lived, inhabit both aquatic and terrestrial habitats, and have relatively small home ranges making them a suitable candidate as a sentinel. to characterize their changes in response to environmental health, assessment of observed variation of this species is required. thus, a comparative health assessment was employed in 825 eastern box turtles in east central illinois and oak ridge, tennessee, to establish a baseline health assessment with regard to sex, age class, season, ... | 2016 | 27384647 |
| concurrent phaeohyphomycosis and ranavirus infection in an eastern box turtle ( terrapene carolina ) in athens, georgia, usa. | an eastern box turtle (terrapene carolina) was found in a stream in the southeastern us, with a mass affecting the distal right forelimb. the turtle developed complications during hospitalization, including lethargy and oral caseous plaques and eventually died. postmortem analyses diagnosed a mixed infection of phaeohyphomycosis and ranavirus. | 2016 | 27310167 |
| development and validation of quantitative pcr for detection of terrapene herpesvirus 1 utilizing free-ranging eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina). | diseases that affect the upper respiratory tract (urt) in chelonians have been well described as a significant contributor of morbidity and mortality. specifically, herpesviruses are common pathogens in captive chelonians worldwide, but their importance on free-ranging populations is less well known. historical methods for the diagnosis of herpesvirus infections include virus isolation and conventional pcr. real-time pcr has become an essential tool for detection and quantitation of many pathoge ... | 2016 | 26874287 |
| identification of a novel herpesvirus in captive eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina). | herpesviruses are significant pathogens of chelonians which most commonly cause upper respiratory tract disease and necrotizing stomatitis. herpesvirus infection was identified in two populations of captive eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) using histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with dna sequencing. necrotizing lesions with eosinophilic to amphophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were identified in the tissues of one hatch-year individual in january 2013, which ... | 2015 | 25575878 |
| relational responding by eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina) in a series of color discrimination tasks. | prior work with chelonians has demonstrated their capacity for successful performance in cognitive tasks, including those requiring color discrimination. here, we sought to expand on historical research and determine whether eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina) are capable of not only making simple color discriminations but also whether they can demonstrate abstract concept formation evidenced by using a relational response rule in their discrimination performance. two eastern box turtles we ... | 2013 | 23339559 |
| seasonal variations in plasma vitellogenin and sex steroids in male and female eastern box turtles, terrapene carolina carolina. | the eastern box turtle (terrapene carolina carolina) is a widespread species that has recently experienced precipitous declines throughout its range. although many studies have documented aspects of reproduction in box turtles, reproductive physiology of free-ranging animals is unknown and can be crucial in this species' recovery. over a two-year period, we measured reproductive parameters, (vitellogenin [vtg], estradiol-17β [e2], and total testosterone [tt]), in plasma of 116 free-ranging easte ... | 2013 | 23174697 |
| evaluation of cyclooxygenase protein expression in traumatized versus normal tissues from eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina). | this pilot study was designed to determine whether cyclooxygenase (cox)-1, cox-2, or both are expressed in normal turtle tissues and whether level of expression changes when tissue becomes inflamed. five eastern box turtles, terrapene carolina carolina, that either died or were euthanatized due to disease or injuries were used for this work. tissues were obtained from the five turtles. western blot analysis was used to evaluate tissues for cox-1 and cox-2 proteins. densiometric analysis was used ... | 2012 | 22779232 |
| temporal variance in hematologic and plasma biochemical reference intervals for free-ranging eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina). | eastern box turtle (terrapene carolina carolina) populations are in decline, likely due to anthropogenic forces and disease, necessitating hematologic and biochemical data from healthy individuals for evaluation of wild populations. we repeatedly sampled 21 free-ranging eastern box turtles from may to september 2009 in the spring, summer, and fall to establish temporal hematologic and biochemical reference intervals. packed cell volume, aspartate aminotransferase, and potassium levels declined s ... | 2012 | 22740550 |
| unexpectedly low rangewide population genetic structure of the imperiled eastern box turtle terrapene c. carolina. | rangewide studies of genetic parameters can elucidate patterns and processes that operate only over large geographic scales. herein, we present a rangewide population genetic assessment of the eastern box turtle terrapene c. carolina, a species that is in steep decline across its range. to inform conservation planning for this species, we address the hypothesis that disruptions to demographic and movement parameters associated with the decline of the eastern box turtle has resulted in distinctiv ... | 2014 | 24647580 |
| short-term forest management effects on a long-lived ectotherm. | timber harvesting has been shown to have both positive and negative effects on forest dwelling species. we examined the immediate effects of timber harvests (clearcuts and group selection openings) on ectotherm behavior, using the eastern box turtle as a model. we monitored the movement and thermal ecology of 50 adult box turtles using radiotelemetry from may-october for two years prior to, and two years following scheduled timber harvests in the central hardwoods region of the u.s. annual home ... | 2012 | 22792344 |
| the eastern box turtle at the patuxent wildlife research center 1940s to the present: another view. | several long-term mark recapture studies have been conducted on box turtles (terrapene c. carolina) providing valuable information on life span, basic demography, home range, and apparent effects of environmental changes on box turtle survival. one of the longest studied populations was first marked in 1942 on the patuxent wildlife research center in maryland, and has been surveyed every 10 years until 1995. the age structure and gender ratio of these turtles in the field may support differentia ... | 2003 | 12855286 |
| health assessment of free-living eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) in and around the maryland zoo in baltimore 1996-2011. | health data for free-living eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) at the maryland zoo in baltimore were analyzed. one hundred and eighteen turtles were captured on or near zoo grounds over the course of 15 yr (1996-2011), with recapture of many individuals leading to 208 total evaluations. of the 118 individuals, 61 were male, 50 were female, and 7 were of undetermined sex. of the 208 captures, 188 were healthy, and 20 were sick or injured. complete health evaluations were performed ... | 2015 | 25831575 |
| detection of copathogens in free-ranging eastern box turtles ( terrapene carolina carolina) in illinois and tennessee. | conservation efforts are investigating the impact of diseases within a species of interest, including prevalence and transmission and morbidity and mortality rates. however, the majority of these studies focus solely on the characteristics of a single pathogen. recently, the role of copathogens has been reported to impact disease susceptibility and mortality. to that effect, a survey was conducted including 318 eastern box turtles ( terrapene carolina carolina) from populations in illinois and t ... | 2017 | 29297797 |
| select metal and metalloid surveillance of free-ranging eastern box turtles from illinois and tennessee (terrapene carolina carolina). | the eastern box turtle (terrapene carolina carolina) is a primarily terrestrial chelonian distributed across the eastern us. it has been proposed as a biomonitor due to its longevity, small home range, and reliance on the environment to meet its metabolic needs. plasma samples from 273 free-ranging box turtles from populations in tennessee and illinois in 2011 and 2012 were evaluated for presence of heavy metals and to characterize hematologic variables. lead (pb), arsenic (as), zinc (zn), chrom ... | 2015 | 26024619 |
| plasma electrophoretic profiles and hemoglobin binding protein reference intervals in the eastern box turtle (terrapene carolina carolina) and influences of age, sex, season, and location. | evaluation of plasma electrophoretic profiles and acute phase protein concentrations may play a valuable role in health assessment of reptiles; however, little is known about reference intervals in free-ranging eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina). the purpose of this study was to establish reference intervals of protein electrophoretic profiles and hemoglobin binding protein ([hbp] as determined by a haptoglobin assay) in free-ranging eastern box turtles and to assess any possible ... | 2014 | 25632671 |
| amphibious auditory evoked potentials in four north american testudines genera spanning the aquatic-terrestrial spectrum. | animals exhibit unique hearing adaptations in relation to the habitat media in which they reside. this study was a comparative analysis of auditory specialization in relation to habitat medium in testudines, a taxon that includes both highly aquatic and fully terrestrial members. evoked potential audiograms were collected in four species groups representing diversity along the aquatic-terrestrial spectrum: terrestrial and fossorial gopherus polyphemus, terrestrial terrapene carolina carolina, an ... | 2015 | 26194768 |
| morbidity and mortality of wild turtles at a north carolina wildlife clinic: a 10-year retrospective. | the medical records from 1,847 wild turtle patients seen between 2005 and 2014 by the turtle rescue team at the north carolina state university college of veterinary medicine were analyzed. eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina; n = 947), yellow-bellied sliders (trachemys scripta scripta; n = 301), cooters ( pseudemys spp.; n = 235), common snapping turtles (chelydra serpentina; n = 165), and eastern painted turtles (chrysemys picta; n = 93) made up 94.3% of all patients. patient admi ... | 2017 | 28920820 |
| partial characterization of a new adenovirus lineage discovered in testudinoid turtles. | in the usa and in hungary, almost simultaneously, adenoviruses of a putative novel lineage were detected by pcr and sequencing in turtles belonging to four different species (including two subspecies) of the superfamily testudinoidea. in the usa, partial sequence of the adenoviral dna-dependent dna polymerase was obtained from samples of a captive pancake tortoise (malacochersus tornieri), four eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) and two red-eared sliders (trachemys scripta elegans ... | 2013 | 23567817 |