| rhizomucor pusillus mucormycosis combined with chlamydiosis in an african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus). | this paper describes a case of mucormycosis combined with chlamydiosis in an african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus). the clinical signs included diarrhoea, an unsteady gait and a twisted neck. smears of the spleen, liver and contents of the cloaca stained strongly positive for chlamydia species. histologically, hyphae typical of zygomycetes were observed invading through the walls of blood vessels of the spleen. rhizomucor pusillus was isolated as a pure culture from the intestines, ... | 1998 | 9823607 |
| severe leukopenia and liver necrosis in young african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus) infected with psittacine circovirus. | this paper describes the signs, clinical pathology, and postmortem findings in 14 young african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus) that were naturally infected with psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd) virus (psittacine circovirus). all but two of the parrots had severe leukopenia at clinical presentation. two other parrots also had severe anemia. all birds died within 3 wk after presentation. postmortem examination documented liver necrosis in 11 of 14 birds and secondary bacter ... | 2000 | 10879931 |
| acute beak and feather disease in juvenile african grey parrots--an uncommon presentation of a common disease. | psittacine beak and feather disease is commonly diagnosed all over the world as a viral disease of psittacine birds that primarily results in abnormalities of the feathers and beak. the clinical presentation of this disease varies between species and age groups, but in the majority of cases the course of the disease is chronic. this case report documents an acute form of the disease in african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus) that resulted in death without lesions in the feathers and ... | 2003 | 15080443 |
| a novel psittacid herpesvirus found in african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus). | dna from a novel alphaherpesvirus was amplified from a cloacal papilloma, a cutaneous papilloma, and the normal cloacal mucosa of african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus). phylogenetically, the virus was most closely related to the psittacid herpesvirus, but demonstrated sufficient nucleotide and amino acid diversity to be considered a new alphaherpesvirus. it is proposed that the previously described psittacid herpesvirus be designated as psittacid herpesvirus 1 (pshv-1), and this n ... | 2005 | 16191697 |
| molecular identification and successful treatment of chlamydophila psittaci (genotype b) in a clinically affected congo african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus). | avian chlamydiosis is caused by chlamydiophila psittaci with the highest infection rate in parrots (psittacidae) and pigeons (columbiformes). a two-year-old congo african grey parrot was examined since the bird had shown clinical signs of anorexia, depression, diarrhea, and mild dyspnea and based on biochemical and hemathological analysis the bird was diagnosed as having anemia, leukocytosis, heterophilia, lymphopenia and monocytosis. with regards to clinical and paraclinical findings, the case ... | 2016 | 28224015 |
| histopathological survey of protozoa, helminths and acarids of imported and local psittacine and passerine birds in japan. | a total of 534 psittacine and passerine birds consisting of 241 imported and 293 local birds were examined histologically. as a result, the following parasites were found: giardia (86 cases), knemido-coptes (26 cases), coccidia (10 cases), ascaridia (6 cases), cryptosporidium (5 cases), sarcocystis (5 cases), tapeworm (4 cases), microfilaria (2 cases), hexamita (1 case), and spiroptera (1 case). high incidences of giardiasis and knemido-coptic infestation were detected in the local birds, but ra ... | 1992 | 1297009 |
| malignant melanoma of the syrinx and liver in an african grey parrot ( psittacus erithacus erithacus). | a 20-year-old, female african grey parrot ( psittacus erithacus erithacus) was examined because of ataxia and weakness. radiographs were unremarkable, and results of a complete blood cell count revealed leukocytosis and heterophilia. because of poor response to therapy with meloxicam, doxycycline, and enrofloxacin; deteriorating condition; and poor prognosis, the parrot was euthanatized. postmortem examination revealed 2 dark red nodules in the liver. no grossly visible mass was observed in the ... | 2016 | 27315385 |
| plasma osmolality reference values in african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus), hispaniolan amazon parrots (amazona ventralis), and red-fronted macaws (ara rubrogenys). | birds are routinely presented to veterinarians for dehydration. success with these cases ultimately depends on providing replacement fluids and re-establishing fluid homeostasis. few studies have been done to determine reference ranges for plasma osmolality in birds. the goals of this study were to determine reference values for plasma osmolality in 3 species of parrots and to provide recommendations on fluid selection for replacement therapy in these species. blood samples were collected from 2 ... | 2011 | 21877445 |
| social context influences the vocalizations of a home-raised african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus). | home-raised african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus) exhibit strong social bonding with their human companions. we examined how 1 parrot's vocal production (speech and nonword sounds) changed with social context with respect to descriptive measures of the vocalizations and their thematic content. we videotaped the parrot in 4 social conditions: subject home alone, subject and owner in the same room, owner in a separate room within hearing range, and owner and experimenter conversing ... | 2011 | 21381810 |
| methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus-associated dermatitis in a congo african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus). | a 2-year-old dna-sexed female congo african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus) was evaluated for self-trauma of the feathers and skin of the tail base for a duration of more than 1 year. all rectrices and tail coverts were missing, the skin of the tail base was thickened and ulcerated, and the uropygial gland was swollen. results of a complete blood cell count revealed relative monocytosis and basophilia. survey radiographs showed truncation and lysis of the caudal vertebrae and pygosty ... | 2008 | 19216263 |
| reovirus infection in two species of psittaciformes recently imported into italy. | an outbreak of reovirus infection with high mortality in two groups of recently imported psittacine birds is reported. the disease in the two species involved, african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus) and australian king parrots (alisterus scapularis), had differences in clinical presentation and gross lesions. reovirus particles were observed by electron microscopy and ultrastructural examination of tissues, and two viruses were isolated in cell culture, one from each bird species. ... | 2001 | 19184872 |
| transmission of tuberculosis between men and pet birds: a case report. | the present report describes a case of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in an african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus) kept as a pet bird. diagnosis was confirmed by microbiologic and pathologic results, and indicated a human-avian transmission. clinical signs included sublingual nodules resulting in anorexia and signs of osteolysis in the long bones. proliferation consisted of several nodules with small greenish-caseous foci in cross-section and revealed a severe granulomatous in ... | 2008 | 18821184 |
| the use of the water deprivation test for the diagnosis of apparent psychogenic polydipsia in a socially deprived african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus). | a case report is presented of primary (psychogenic) polydipsia in a pet african grey parrot. a water deprivation test was employed to test the release of arginine vasotocin and the response of the kidneys to this neurohypophyseal hormone. after a diagnosis was made water restriction resulted in the disappearance of clinical signs. it seems that psychogenic polydipsia, like feather picking, is a neurosis resulting from social deprivation. | 1988 | 18766748 |
| congenital extra-hepatic biliary cyst in a congo african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus). | an 8-week-old congo african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus) was presented with a history of abdominal enlargement since hatch. trans-illumination of the abdomen suggested that the enlargement was due to marked hepatomegaly. this was supported by radiographic and ultrasonic examination. postmortem examination revealed an extra-hepatic biliary cyst 4 cm in diameter. | 2004 | 2369390 |
| metastatic renal carcinoma in an african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus). | | 1996 | 8744755 |
| analgesic effects of butorphanol and buprenorphine in conscious african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus and psittacus erithacus timneh). | to evaluate effects of butorphanol tartrate and buprenorphine hydrochloride on withdrawal threshold to a noxious stimulus in conscious african grey parrots. | 1999 | 10791933 |
| multisite integumentary squamous cell carcinoma in an african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus). | a 22-year-old male african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus) had had episodes of chronic feather picking and self-mutilation for 10 years; it had a 5 cm diameter right axillary wound and a 2 cm left dorsal patagial wound. initial treatment with azithromycin and wound management was unsuccessful. biopsies of both masses indicated squamous cell carcinoma. the left patagial tumour was removed completely by electrocautery. cisplatin was administered weekly into multiple sites on the right ... | 2006 | 16648440 |
| unusual tracheal foreign body in an african grey parrot. | this case report documents an unusual tracheal foreign body (a moth) in congo african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus). gross postmortem signs and histopathology results are presented. a discussion of the peculiar avian anatomy that may have contributed to the aspiration of the moth is provided. | 2006 | 16931373 |
| blindness as a sign of proventricular dilatation disease in a grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus). | an approximately eight-year-old female grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus) was presented with a two months history of blindness. the radiographic examination showed a dilatation of the proventriculus, ventriculus and gut. ophthalmoscopy and electroretinography revealed degeneration of the retina. a proventricular dilatation disease was suspected. the bird was euthanased because of deteriorating condition and poor prognosis. the pathological examination showed an atrophy of the ventricula ... | 2008 | 18684144 |
| diagnosis of presumed acute ischemic stroke and associated seizure management in a congo african grey parrot. | a 14-year-old congo african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus) was evaluated for an acute onset of falling off of its perch and tonic-clonic movements. | 2011 | 21718205 |
| pharmacokinetics of orally administered phenobarbital in african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus). | | 2011 | 21995755 |
| pharmacokinetics of paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus): influence of pharmaceutical formulation and length of dosing. | paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, may be beneficial in the treatment of behavioural disorders in pet birds. the lack of pharmacokinetic data and clinical trials currently limits the use of this drug in clinical avian practice. this paper evaluates the pharmacokinetic properties and potential side effects of single and repeated dosing of paroxetine in grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus). paroxetine pharmacokinetics were studied after single i.v. and single oral dosing ... | 2013 | 22435778 |
| higher-order semantic structures in an african grey parrot's vocalizations: evidence from the hyperspace analog to language (hal) model. | previous research has described the significant role that social interaction plays in both the acquisition and use of speech by parrots. the current study analyzed the speech of one home-raised african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus) across three different social contexts: owner interacting with parrot in the same room, owner and parrot interacting out of view in adjacent rooms, and parrot home alone. the purpose was to determine the extent to which the subject's speech reflected an ... | 2013 | 23417559 |
| endogenous lipid pneumonia in an african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus). | lipid pneumonia is an unusual, non-infectious, inflammatory lung disease characterized by patchy pneumonic consolidation secondary to accumulation of lipid in macrophages. it can be classified as exogenous or endogenous, depending on whether it is associated with the aspiration of foreign material. endogenous lipid pneumonia (enlp) has been reported in many mammal species. in pet birds, enlp is an incidental and uncommon lesion of unknown pathogenesis. a 35-year-old african grey parrot (psittacu ... | 2013 | 23582929 |
| social isolation shortens telomeres in african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus). | telomeres, the caps of eukaryotic chromosomes, control chromosome stability and cellular senescence, but aging and exposure to chronic stress are suspected to cause attrition of telomere length. we investigated the effect of social isolation on telomere length in the highly social and intelligent african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus). our study population consisted of single-housed (n = 26) and pair-housed (n = 19) captive individuals between 0.75 to 45 years of age. relative telom ... | 2014 | 24705445 |
| [first detection of psittacid herpesvirus 2 in congo african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus) associated with pharyngeal papillomas and cloacal inflammation in germany]. | congo african grey parrots (gp; psittacus erithacus erithacus) from four different avicultures, presented in the clinic for exotic pets, reptiles and birds, university of veterinary medicine hannover, foundation, showed choanal papillomas or hyperemia of the cloacal mucosa. histologically, the mucosal choanal proliferations were diagnosed as exophytic papillomas and a mild hyperplasia of the cloacal mucosa with lympho-histiocytic inflammation with no visible inclusion bodies was found. herpesvir ... | 2014 | 24881273 |
| antemortem diagnosis of hydrocephalus in two congo african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus) by means of computed tomography. | a 7-year-old and a 10-year-old congo african grey parrot (psittacus erithacus erithacus; parrots 1 and 2, respectively) were evaluated because of neurologic deficits. | 2015 | 25794127 |
| bilateral aural adenocarcinoma in a congo african grey parrot ( psittacus erithacus erithacus). | a 28-year-old female congo african grey parrot ( psittacus erithacus erithacus) was evaluated because of a mass in the left external auditory meatus. results of a computed tomography scan revealed an osteolytic left hemimandibular mass with irregular bone production and a soft tissue mass in the left external auditory meatus. results of cytologic examination of fine needle aspirates of the hemimandible were interpreted as adenocarcinoma with reactive osteoblasts. the owner chose palliative treat ... | 2016 | 27736232 |