| effects of pesticide applications on the euonymus scale (homoptera: diaspididae) and its parasitoid, encarsia citrina (hymenoptera: aphelinidae). | novel biorational insecticides are rapidly replacing more toxic, broad-spectrum compounds to control pests of ornamental plants. these new formulations are widely regarded as safe, effective, and environmentally sound with minimal impact on nontarget organisms. we tested several biorational and traditional insecticides for their ability to control euonymus scale, unaspis euonymi (comstock), and their potential impacts on the aphelinid parasitoid, encarsia citrina (crawford). soil-applied acephat ... | 2003 | 14994813 |
| reduced risk insecticides to control scale insects and protect natural enemies in the production and maintenance of urban landscape plants. | armored scale insects are among the most difficult to manage and economically important arthropod pests in the production and maintenance of urban landscape plants. this is because of morphological traits that protect them from contact insecticides. i compared initial and season-long control of euonymus scale, unaspis euonymi comstock (hemiptera: diaspidae), by reduced-risk insecticides (insect growth regulators [igrs], neonicotinoids, spirotetramat) to determine if they controlled scale as well ... | 2012 | 22507012 |