| osmoregulation in a marine ciliate, miamiensis avidus. ii. regulation of intracellular free amino acids. | | 1969 | 4980315 |
| complete small subunit rrna gene sequence of the scuticociliate miamiensis avidus pathogenic to olive flounder paralichthys olivaceus. | eight isolates of miamiensis avidus (scuticociliates) were collected from olive flounder paralichthys olivaceus with symptoms of severe ulcers and haemorrhages at several culture farms in 1999 and 2003. cloned strains were produced and the complete small subunit ribosomal rna gene (ssu rrna) of each strain was sequenced for classification and phylogenic study. the ssu rrna is 1759 bp in length and the sequence was deposited in the genbank under accession number ay550080. all 8 strains exhibited ... | 2005 | 15918479 |
| ultrastructure and phylogeny of philasterides dicentrarchi (ciliophora, scuticociliatia) from farmed turbot in nw spain. | several species of opportunistic histophagous scuticociliates have been implicated in systemic infections of farmed fish. in turbot, scuticociliatosis is an emerging disease, and the identification of the parasite species involved is controversial. we have previously isolated philasterides dicentrarchi from farmed turbot scuticociliatosis outbreaks in northwest spain. in the present study, we report detailed ultrastructural studies of this parasite, and investigate phylogenetic relations with ot ... | 2006 | 16388691 |
| miamiensis avidus (ciliophora: scuticociliatida) causes systemic infection of olive flounder paralichthys olivaceus and is a senior synonym of philasterides dicentrarchi. | the scuticociliate miamiensis avidus was isolated from olive flounder paralichthys olivaceus showing typical symptoms of ulceration and hemorrhages in skeletal muscle and fins. in an infection experiment, olive flounder (mean length: 14.9 cm; mean weight: 26.8 g) were immersion challenged with 2.0 x 10(3), 2.0 x 10(4) and 2.0 x 10(5) ciliates ml-1 of the cloned ys1 strain of m. avidus. cumulative mortalities were 85% in the 2.0 x 10(3) cells ml-1 treatment group and 100% in the other 2 infection ... | 2007 | 17330742 |
| pathogenicity of miamiensis avidus (syn. philasterides dicentrarchi), pseudocohnilembus persalinus, pseudocohnilembus hargisi and uronema marinum (ciliophora, scuticociliatida). | the scuticociliates miamiensis avidus (syn. philasterides dicentrarchi), pseudocohnilembus persalinus, pseudocohnilembus hargisi and uronema marinum were cloned and identified using morphological characteristics and the small subunit ribosomal rna gene (ssu rrna). m. avidus strains ys1, ws1, yk1 and jj3 from southern coastal areas and jeju island in korea were pathogenic to olive flounder paralichthys olivaceus (80 to 100% mortality in 8 to 10 g fish) when inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) wit ... | 2009 | 19326794 |
| antigenic differences of the scuticociliate miamiensis avidus from japan. | in japan and korea, outbreaks of scuticociliatosis have frequently occurred in japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus. morphological observations and small subunit rrna gene sequences have shown that the causative agent of scuticociliatosis in the flounder is miamiensis avidus (syn. philasterides dicentrarchi). in this study, we elucidated the antigenic differences between six japanese m. avidus isolates as an initial step toward developing an effective vaccine against the disease. four japan ... | 2009 | 19702624 |
| dna identification of ciliates associated with disease outbreaks in a new zealand marine fish hatchery. | ciliates associated with fish mortalities in a new zealand hatchery were identified by dna sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal rna gene (ssu rrna). tissue samples were taken from lesions and gill tissues on freshly dead juvenile groper, brain tissue from adult kingfish, and from ciliate cultures and rotifers derived from fish mortality events between january 2007 and march 2009. different mortality events were characterized by either of 2 ciliate species, uronema marinum and miamiensis avi ... | 2009 | 19902845 |
| effect of hyposalinity on the infection and pathogenicity of miamiensis avidus causing scuticociliatosis in olive flounder paralichthys olivaceus. | miamiensis avidus, a causative agent of scuticociliatosis in olive flounder paralichthys olivaceus, was previously reported to proliferate the fastest in media with an osmolarity of 300 to 500 mosm kg(-1). this suggests that hyposaline conditions can promote the development of the disease. in the present study, olive flounder constantly showed high mortalities when they were experimentally challenged with the parasite by immersion and subsequently reared in hyposaline conditions. furthermore, af ... | 2009 | 19902847 |
| scuticociliatosis and its recent prophylactic measures in aquaculture with special reference to south korea taxonomy, diversity and diagnosis of scuticociliatosis: part i control strategies of scuticociliatosis: part ii. | scuticociliatosis caused by about 20 species belonging to the phylum ciliophora has been recognized as an emerging problem inflicting significant economic loss in aquaculture industry in the world. among these philasterides dicentrarchi, miamiensis avidus, and uronema marinum are the three species responsible for scuticociliatosis in olive flounder farms of south korea. some of the parasites living or scavenger ciliates also have become parasites of aquaculture fish. the major clinico-pathologic ... | 2010 | 20211263 |
| pathological study on the scuticociliatosis affecting farmed japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) in japan. | pathological findings associated with scuticociliatosis in farmed japanese flounder in japan are described. ten moribund fishes, farmed in tottori prefectural fisheries experimental station, showed cutaneous ulcers, darkened skin, fin and tail rot, exophthalmia and alterations in swimming behaviour. histopathologically, severe epidermal degeneration and necrosis, hyperplasia of branchial epithelium, myositis, myelitis, encephalitis associated with heavy accumulation of scuticociliates in the per ... | 2010 | 20460839 |
| phylogenetic consideration of two scuticociliate genera, philasterides and boveria (protozoa, ciliophora) based on 18 s rrna gene sequences. | many scuticociliates are facultative parasites of aquatic organisms and are among the most problematic ciliate taxa regarding their systematic relationships. the main reason is that most species, especially taxa in the order thigmotrichida have similar morphology and have not been studied yet using molecular methods. in the present work, two scuticociliate genera, represented by two rare parasitic species, philasterides armatalis (order philasterida) and boveria subcylindrica (order thigmotrichi ... | 2010 | 20637896 |
| experimental scuticociliatosis in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) infected with miamiensis avidus: pathological study on the possible neural routes of invasion and dissemination of the scuticociliate inside the fish body. | japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) were experimentally infected with the highly pathogenic scuticociliate miamiensis avidus (syn. philasterides dicentrarachi) using the immersion method to clarify/identify the possible neural routes of entry and possible ways of dissemination of the scuticociliate in the fish body. scuticociliates were observed on the skin and gills right from day 0-1 post-infection, muscle tissue on day 2 post-infection, reached the brain, and spinal cord on day 3 post- ... | 2010 | 20675963 |
| intraspecific variability in several isolates of philasterides dicentrarchi (syn. miamiensis avidus), a scuticociliate parasite of farmed turbot. | research on intraspecific variation in ciliates is scarce, and in scuticociliate parasite of fish, virtually nonexistent. in this study, seven isolates obtained from turbots affected by scuticociliatosis in different parts of the iberian peninsula (northwest spain and southwest portugal) were morphologically and genetically characterized to investigate the intraspecific divergence in these amphizoic ciliates. the isolates were stained with ammoniacal silver carbonate and examined in an optical m ... | 2010 | 21036479 |
| small subunit ribosomal rna and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene sequences of 21 strains of the parasitic scuticociliate miamiensis avidus (ciliophora, scuticociliatia). | the scuticociliate miamiensis avidus is a histophagous parasite that causes high mortality in cultured marine fishes. small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) genes were analyzed for 21 strains of m. avidus isolated from diseased olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus), ridged-eye flounder (pleuronichthys cornutus), and spotted knifejaw (oplegnathus fasciatus) in korea and japan (collected in 2003-2007). analysis of ssu rrna gene sequences (1 ... | 2010 | 21113725 |
| sequence conservation in the internal transcribed spacers and 5.8s ribosomal rna of parasitic scuticociliates miamiensis avidus (ciliophora, scuticociliatia). | the scuticociliate miamiensis avidus is a histophagous parasite that causes high mortality in cultured marine fishes, with clinical signs of severe ulcers and hemorrhages in the skeletal muscle. the internal transcribed spacer (its) region, which is widely used in taxonomy and molecular phylogeny because of a high degree of variation, was compared for 21 cloned strains of m. avidus (ciliophora, scuticociliatia). these strains were isolated from olive flounder paralichthys olivaceus, ridged-eye f ... | 2011 | 21362496 |
| identification of differentially expressed genes in parasitic phase miamiensis avidus (ciliophora: scuticociliatia) using suppression subtractive hybridization. | miamiensis avidus, a causative agent of scuticociliatosis in cultured marine fish, can live not only in seawater as a free-living organism but also in fish as a parasite. in this study, a cdna library of representative mrnas more specific to parasitic phase m. avidus was generated using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh), and 520 clones selected from the ssh library were single-run sequenced. the differential gene expression patterns were confirmed by semi-quantitative reverse-transcrip ... | 2011 | 21648242 |
| antimicrobial response of galectin-1 from rock bream oplegnathus fasciatus: molecular, transcriptional, and biological characterization. | in this study, we describe the identification and characterization of a proto type galectin, galectin-1, from rock bream oplegnathus fasciatus (ofgal-1). galectins are evolutionarily conserved carbohydrate binding lectins that show a wide range of functions related to development and immune physiology. they have been identified as pattern recognition receptors of innate immune system that recognize a broad range of microbes. ofgal-1 cdna comprised of 993 bp with an open reading frame of 408 bp t ... | 2016 | 26792759 |
| preventive and therapeutic effects of auxotrophic edwardsiella tarda mutant harboring cpg 1668 motif-enriched plasmids against scuticociliatosis in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). | previously generated two auxotrophic genes knockout edwardsiella tarda (δalr δasd e. tarda) was used as a delivery vehicle for cpg 1668 motif-enriched plasmids (pl-cpg30), and potential of the δalr δasd e. tarda-mediated delivery of cpg motifs in both prevention and therapeutic treatment of scuticociliatosis caused by miamiensis avidus in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) was investigated. the auxotrophic e. tarda mutant with pl-cpg30 plasmids elicited evidently higher survival rates and d ... | 2014 | 24929150 |
| expression and characterization of cathepsin l-like cysteine protease from philasterides dicentrarchi. | philasterides dicentrarchi is a causative agent of scuticociliatosis in olive flounder paralichthys olivaceus, aquaculture in korea. in this study, a cdna encoding a cathepsin l-like cysteine protease (pdctl) of p. dicentrarchi (synonym miamiensis avidus) was identified. to express the pdctl recombinant protein in a heterologous system, 10 codons were redesigned to conform to the standard eukaryotic genetic code using polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based site-directed mutagenesis. the recombina ... | 2014 | 24361286 |
| removal of two pathogenic scuticociliates miamiensis avidus and miamiensis sp. using cells or culture filtrates of the dinoflagellate alexandrium andersonii. | scuticociliatosis, which is caused by parasitic protistan pathogens known as scuticociliates, is one of the most serious diseases in marine aquaculture worldwide. thus, elimination of these ciliates is a primary concern for scientists and managers in the aquaculture industry. to date, formalin and other toxic chemicals have been used as anti-scuticociliate agents, but issues regarding their secondary effects often arise. consequently, development of safer methods is necessary. to find out a safe ... | 2017 | 28366388 |
| first isolation of miamiensis avidus (ciliophora: scuticociliatida) associated with skin ulcers from reared pharaoh cuttlefish sepia pharaonis. | in the winter of 2015, a skin ulcer disease outbreak occurred in a pharaoh cuttlefish sepia pharaonis population cultured on a land-based fish farm in china. affected cuttlefish (about 60% of the population) were characterized as having developed ulcers on the dorsal skin, fin fringe, or distal mantle tip. masses of a ciliated protozoan were isolated from skin ulcers. the ciliate was identified as miamiensis avidus based on the morphological features of living and protargol-impregnated specimens ... | 2016 | 27901505 |
| systemic scuticociliatosis (philasterides dicentrarchi) in sharks. | scuticociliatosis is an economically important, frequently fatal disease of marine fish in aquaculture, caused by histophagous ciliated protozoa in the subclass scuticociliatida of the phylum ciliophora. a rapidly lethal systemic scuticociliate infection is described that affected aquarium-captive zebra sharks (stegostoma fasciatum), port jackson sharks (heterodontus portusjacksoni), and a japanese horn shark (heterodontus japonicus). animals died unexpectedly or after a brief period of lethargy ... | 2014 | 23774745 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of peptidase genes in the fish-pathogenic scuticociliate miamiensis avidus. | parasite peptidases have been actively studied as vaccine candidates or drug targets for prevention or treatment of parasitic diseases because of their important roles for survival and/or invasion in the host. like other parasites, the facultative histophagous ciliate miamiensis avidus would possess peptidases that are closely associated with the invasion into the host tissue and survival in the host. | 2013 | 23311870 |
| identification of scuticociliates (pseudocohnilembus persalinus, p. longisetus, uronema marinum and miamiensis avidus) based on the cox1 sequence. | scuticociliatosis is characterized as highly histophagous, causing systemic tissue destruction and high mortality in cultured marine fish. some of the scuticociliates have been implicated as the causative agents of scuticociliatosis. here, we describe our study to differentially identify various species in complex animal-sourced samples, namely olive flounder paralichthys olivaceus and black rockfish sebastes schlegelii suffering from scuticociliatosis. the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 ( ... | 2013 | 22951379 |
| characterization of acid phosphatases from marine scuticociliate parasites and their activation by host's factors. | summaryscuticociliates are histophagous marine parasites that cause mortality in fish. acid phosphatases (acps) are considered virulence factors and they are used by different parasites to dephosphorylate host molecules. the aim of this work was to characterize the acps from 3 scuticociliate species, uronema marinum, miamiensis avidus and parauronema virginianum, which parasitize marine finfish species. we identified acp activity (ph 5·2) with differential cellular distribution in the 3 parasite ... | 2011 | 21554845 |
| effect of dietary supplementation with suaeda maritima on blood physiology, innate immune response, and disease resistance in olive flounder against miamiensis avidus. | the effect of suaeda maritima enriched diet on blood physiology, innate immune response, and disease resistance in olive flounder paralichythys olivaceus against miamiensis avidus on weeks 1, 2, and 4 was investigated. feeding with any enriched diet and then challenging with m. avidus significantly increased white blood cells (wbc) on weeks 2 and 4; the red blood cells (rbc) significantly increased with 0.1% and 1.0% enriched diets on week 4. the hemoglobin (hb) and hematocrit (ht) levels signif ... | 2012 | 22490817 |
| insights into the phylogenetic and taxonomy of philasterid ciliates (protozoa, ciliophora, scuticociliatia) based on analyses of multiple molecular markers. | scuticociliates are a rich assemblage of species with mostly unresolved phylogenetic relationships, especially in the order philasterida. in the present work, 48 new sequences for three linked genes are characterized and phylogenetic trees are constructed to assess the inter- and intra-generic relationships of philasterids. results reveal the following: (1) the combined three-gene tree provides more resolution in nodes than in the ssu-rdna topologies; (2) the family orchitophryidae is non-monoph ... | 2012 | 22525941 |
| impact and control of protozoan parasites in maricultured fishes. | aquaculture, including both freshwater and marine production, has on a world scale exhibited one of the highest growth rates within animal protein production during recent decades and is expected to expand further at the same rate within the next 10 years. control of diseases is one of the most prominent challenges if this production goal is to be reached. apart from viral, bacterial, fungal and metazoan infections it has been documented that protozoan parasites affect health and welfare and the ... | 2015 | 23448656 |
| a galectin related protein from oplegnathus fasciatus: genomic, molecular, transcriptional features and biological responses against microbial pathogens. | galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, are pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and are subsequently involved in the opsonization, phagocytosis, complement activation, and killing of microbes. here, we report a novel galectin related protein (grp) identified from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus), designated ofgal like b. the cdna of ofgal like b is 517 bp with an open reading frame (orf) of 438 bp, encoding 145 amino acids, with a s ... | 2016 | 26615008 |
| In vivo innate immune responses of groper (Polyprion oxygeneios) against Miamiensis avidus infection and lack of protection following dietary vitamin C administration. | Scuticociliates are extracellular histophagous parasites that affect farmed fish worldwide. One of the most common pathogenic species is Miamiensis avidus, a pathogen of New Zealand groper (Polyprion oxygeneios). The aim of this study was to characterise both the host (groper)-parasite (M. avidus) immune interactions and the possible protective role of dietary sodium ascorbate. Head-kidney leucocytes (HKLs) from naturally infected adult groper showed decreased respiratory burst response and pero ... | 2012 | 22040675 |