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distribution of tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus of tree shrews.the tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinensis) is the closest living relative of primates. yet, little is known about the anatomical distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (th)-immunoreactive (ir) structures in the hypothalamus of the tree shrew. here, we provide the first detailed description of the distribution of th-ir neurons in the hypothalamus of tree shrews via immunohistochemical techniques. th-ir neurons were widely distributed throughout the hypothalamus of tree shrew. the majority of hypot ...202031674014
alpha-synuclein is highly prone to distribution in the hippocampus and midbrain in tree shrews, and its fibrils seed lewy body-like pathology in primary neurons.the chinese tree shrew (ts) has many unique advantages that make it suitable for use as an experimental animal model for human disease including moderate body size, low cost of feeding, short reproductive cycle and lifespan, and close phylogenetic relationship to primates. our previous studies have shown that ts treated with the mitochondrial inhibitor mptp displayed classic parkinsonian symptoms. additionally, the structure of ts alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is highly homologous to that found in hum ...201930553024
molecular characterization of the 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase family in the chinese tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinensis).virus infection induces type i interferons (ifns) that in turn exert their pleiotropic effects through inducing a large number of interferon-stimulated genes (isgs). the ifn-induced 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetases (oass) have been identified as a member of the isgs family characterized by the ability to synthesize 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5a), which can induce the degradation of viral rna by activating rnase l within the infected cells to block viral replications. in this study, we characterized ...201930467096
molecular mechanism of the tree shrew's insensitivity to spiciness.spicy foods elicit a pungent or hot and painful sensation that repels almost all mammals. here, we observe that the tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinensis), which possesses a close relationship with primates and can directly and actively consume spicy plants. our genomic and functional analyses reveal that a single point mutation in the tree shrew's transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (trpv1) ion channel (tsv1) lowers its sensitivity to capsaicinoids, which enables the unique feeding b ...201830001322
tupaia mavs is a dual target during hepatitis c virus infection for innate immune evasion and viral replication via nf-κb.hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is the cause of severe liver disease in many people. the restricted species tropism of hcv hinders the research and development of drugs and vaccines. the chinese tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinensis) is a close relative of primates and can be infected by hcv, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. in this study, we have characterized the functions of tree shrew mavs (tmavs) in response to hcv infection and defined the capacity of hcv replication. hcv was ...202032907995
establishment and transcriptomic features of an immortalized hepatic cell line of the chinese tree shrew.the chinese tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinesis) is a rising experimental animal and has been used for studying a variety of human diseases, such as metabolic and viral infectious diseases.202032880691
identification, characterization and expression profiles of psen2 in the chinese tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinensis).the gene psen2 encodes presenilin-2, a subunit of γ-secretase. mutations in psen2 are not only related to alzheimer's disease but are also involved in other diseases. the chinese tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinensis) is a potential animal model for alzheimer's disease, although little is known about its cdna sequence, protein structure, and psen2 expression. to better understand psen2 in the tree shrew, we cloned this gene by rapid amplification of cdna ends technology. hence, we analyzed the ...202032706189
covid-19-like symptoms observed in chinese tree shrews infected with sars-cov-2.the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic continues to pose a global threat to the human population. identifying animal species susceptible to infection with the sars-cov-2/ hcov-19 pathogen is essential for controlling the outbreak and for testing valid prophylactics or therapeutics based on animal model studies. here, different aged chinese tree shrews (adult group, 1 year old; old group, 5-6 years old), which are close relatives to primates, were infected with sars-cov-2. x-ray, viral ...202032701249
tree shrew as a new animal model for the study of dengue virus.dengue virus is a significant public health threat worldwide; however, the pathogenesis of dengue disease remains poorly understood due to lack of appropriate small animal models. tree shrews are an emerging experimental animal model for the study of human diseases due to their resemblance of genetic characteristics to primate animals. herein we report that dengue infection in tree shrews elicits resemble clinical symptoms as in humans. dengue fever (△2°c> normal body temperature) developed in ~ ...202133841402
tupaia guanylate-binding protein 1 interacts with vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein and represses primary transcription of the viral genome.chinese tree shrews (tupaia belangeri chinensis) are increasingly used as an alternative experimental animal to non-human primates in studying viral infections. guanylate-binding proteins (gbp) belong to interferon (ifn)-inducible gtpases and defend the mammalian cell interior against diverse invasive pathogens. previously, we identified five tree shrew gbp genes (tgbp1, tgbp2, tgbp4, tgbp5, and tgbp7) and found that tgbp1 showed antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and ty ...202033271385
tree shrew cells transduced with human cd4 and ccr5 support early steps of hiv-1 replication, but viral infectivity is restricted by apobec3.the host range of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is narrow. therefore, using ordinary animal models to study hiv-1 replication, pathogenesis, and therapy is impractical. the lack of applicable animal models for hiv-1 research spurred our investigation on whether tree shrews (tupaia belangeri chinensis), which are susceptible to many types of human viruses, can act as an animal model for hiv-1. here, we report that tree shrew primary cells are refractory to wild-type hiv-1 but suppor ...202134076481
chromosomal level assembly and population sequencing of the chinese tree shrew genome.chinese tree shrews (tupaia belangeri chinensis) have become an increasingly important experimental animal in biomedical research due to their close relationship to primates. an accurately sequenced and assembled genome is essential for understanding the genetic features and biology of this animal. in this study, we used long-read single-molecule sequencing and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (hi-c) technology to obtain a high-qualitychromosome-scale scaffolding of the chinese tr ...201931418539
establishment and characterization of an immortalized renal cell line of the chinese tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinesis).the chinese tree shrew holds a great potential as a viable animal model in biomedical research, especially for infectious diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. a thorough understanding of the innate immunity, which represents the first line that defends the host against viral infection, of the chinese tree shrew, is needed. however, the progress is hindered by the lack of a proper cell line for research usage. in this study, we established a cell line that is applicable to the study of tree s ...201930637496
chinese tree shrews as a primate experimental animal eligible for the study of alcoholic liver disease: characterization and confirmation by mri.there has been a lack of suitable fatty liver models and characterization techniques for histopathological evaluation of alcoholic fatty liver (afl). this work aimed to exploit an magnetic resonance imaging (mri) technique for characterizing an alcohol-induced fatty liver model established in tree shrews (tupaia belangeri chinese). the animals were treated with 15% alcohol for two weeks instead of drinking water to induce afl. blood alanine aminotransferase (alt), aspartate aminotransferase (ast ...202031554748
hemogram study of an artificially feeding tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinensis).systematic classification and determination of various cells in normal peripheral blood of artificially feeding tupaia belangeri chinensis of different ages and genders and evaluation of the effectiveness of an automatic blood cell classification counter for measuring tree shrew blood cells. child, young and adult tree shrews (forty for each group) were randomly selected, half male and half female. after the animals were stable, the peripheral blood of each group was collected through the femora ...202031527336
the tree shrew cerebellum atlas: systematic nomenclature, neurochemical characterization, and afferent projections.the cerebellum is involved in the control of movement, emotional responses, and reward processing. the tree shrew is the closest living relative of primates. however, little is known not only about the systematic nomenclature for the tree shrew cerebellum but also about the detailed neurochemical characterization and afferent projections. in this study, nissl staining and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry were used to reveal anatomical features of the cerebellum of tree shrews (tupaia belanger ...201830155886
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