| voriconazole toxicity in multiple penguin species. | aspergillosis is a common respiratory fungal disease in penguins managed under human care. triazole antifungal drugs, including itraconazole, are most commonly used for treatment; however, itraconazole treatment failures from drug resistance are becoming more common, requiring newer treatment options. voriconazole, a newer triazole, is being used more often. until recently, no voriconazole pharmacokinetic studies had been performed in penguins, leading to empiric dosing based on other avian stud ... | 2015 | 26667545 |
| plasma protein electrophoresis as a prognostic indicator in aspergillus species-infected gentoo penguins (pygoscelis papua papua). | avian aspergillosis presents a significant threat to captive penguin populations. currently, a lack of objective prognostic factors limits disease staging, objective reassessment throughout treatment, comparative evaluation of treatment regimes, and appropriate timing of euthanasia. | 2017 | 28692132 |
| a reversal of fortunes: climate change 'winners' and 'losers' in antarctic peninsula penguins. | climate change is a major threat to global biodiversity. antarctic ecosystems are no exception. investigating past species responses to climatic events can distinguish natural from anthropogenic impacts. climate change produces 'winners', species that benefit from these events and 'losers', species that decline or become extinct. using molecular techniques, we assess the demographic history and population structure of pygoscelis penguins in the scotia arc related to climate warming after the las ... | 2014 | 24865774 |