| evaluation of direct immunofluorescence, enzyme immunoassay, centrifugation culture, and conventional culture for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus. | four methods of detecting respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from clinical specimens were evaluated. a total of 410 specimens consisting of nasopharyngeal washes, aspirates, and swabs were simultaneously tested for the presence of rsv by direct immunofluorescence assay (dfa), enzyme immunoassay (eia) (kallestad pathfinder), shell vial centrifugation culture (svc), and conventional culture. dfa identified 146 (83%) of the 175 positive cases, eia detected 153 (87%), svc detected 127 (73%), and conv ... | 1990 | 2254415 |
| morbillivirus infections of seals during the 1988 epidemic in the bay of heligoland: iii. transmission studies of cell culture-propagated phocine distemper virus in harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and a grey seal (halichoerus grypus): clinical, virological and serological results. | eight harbour seals (phoca vitulina), two of them seronegative, six seropositive against pdv and a seronegative grey seal (halichoerus grypus) were exposed to a low doses of a cell culture-propagated phocine distemper virus isolate (pdv 2558/han 88). an intranasal route of inoculation was chosen. clinical signs, resembling those of 1988's seal disease and seroconversion were observed in both seronegative harbour seals. one of them succumbed to the infection. the virus was not transmitted to anot ... | 1990 | 2267888 |
| dogs, distemper and osteitis deformans: a further epidemiological study. | there is extensive evidence linking paramyxoviruses, notably measles and respiratory syncytial virus, with paget's disease of bone. the epidemiology of paget's disease does not fit with that of known human paramyxovirus infections and it is possible that the disease is a zoonosis with domestic animals acting as host. canine distemper, a paramyxovirus of the morbillovirus family (closely related to measles) is therefore a potential candidate. we have surveyed previous pet ownership in 150 paget's ... | 1990 | 2268748 |
| immunoglobulin e responses and lung pathology resulting from aerosol exposure of calves to respiratory syncytial virus and micropolyspora faeni. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection of calves has been associated with a type-i hypersensitivity syndrome not unlike respiratory syncytial virus-associated pulmonary symptomatology in humans. to study the mechanism of pulmonary pathology in calves and define the relationship with both viral-specific ige response and ige titers to concurrent aerosol of micropolyspora faeni (mf) we subjected groups of calves to inhalation of mf during acute brsv infection. the calves were divided i ... | 1990 | 2276846 |
| epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in young children from thailand. | a prospective evaluation of the epidemiology and presentations of acute respiratory infections in children younger than 5 years of age admitted to children's hospital bangkok (1988 to 1989) was supported by the world health organization. there were 226 patients with the inclusion criteria: 1 to 5 years of age; duration of illness less than 2 weeks; no prior antibiotic therapy; and low socioeconomic status. the disease categories included: croup, 19 cases; bronchiolitis, 60 cases; and pneumonia, ... | 1990 | 2277743 |
| monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme immunoassays for specific serum immunoglobulin g (igg), iga, and igm antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the fusion protein (f), attachment protein (g), and nucleoprotein (n) of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus were evaluated for use as detector antibodies in immunoglobulin g (igg), iga, and igm capture enzyme immunoassays. mab assays were tested against assays using polyclonal antibodies (pabs) with serum specimens from patients with and without evidence of recent rs virus infection. assays developed with n mabs were comparable to or better than pab assays for detec ... | 1990 | 2280004 |
| pregnant women with acute respiratory illness at term. | | 1990 | 2287911 |
| serodiagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in children as measured by detection of rsv-specific immunoglobulins g, m, and a with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the diagnostic value of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, and iga in sera from infants and children with proven rsv infection, from a control group, and from patients with symptoms of viral respiratory disease was analyzed. compared to virus isolation and rsv antigen detection methods, the sensitivity of this assay was 87% and the specificity was 79%. for igg alone, these were 45 and 92%, for igm alone th ... | 1990 | 2298874 |
| bacterial tracheitis associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection and toxic shock syndrome. | | 1990 | 2302615 |
| experimental avian pmv-2 infection in a domesticated wild host: daily behavior and effect on activity levels. | paramyxovirus type 2 (pmv-2) isolated from wild birds is often considered non-pathogenic, but nothing is known about its effects on overall behavior and fitness of free-flying birds. domestically bred, african cut-throat finches (amadina fasciata), a species from which pmv-2 has been isolated in the wild, were inoculated with a central american field strain of pmv-2. patterns of behavior were examined before and after viral challenge to quantify inapparent, sublethal effects of the disease. infe ... | 1990 | 2304199 |
| precautions in the use of ribavirin at the children's hospital. | | 1990 | 2304514 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in older children. | serious respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease requiring hospitalization occurs primarily in infants younger than 12 months. the incidence, risk factors, and clinical features in older children have not been studied extensively. of 282 children hospitalized at our institution with severe rsv disease during a 3-year period, 62 (22%) were older than 12 months. these 62 older children were matched for sex, onset of illness, and hospital location with 62 hospitalized children younger than 12 mont ... | 1990 | 2305743 |
| use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: the national experience, 1983 to 1988. | in an effort to obtain data to provide the basis for the design of controlled clinical trials, we contacted all u.s. participants in the national ecmo registry to assemble the national experience on the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis during the past 5 years. twelve infants were treated at nine centers between 1983 and 1988. eight had been born prematurely, and five had bronchopulmonary dysplasia. the mean age at onset of infection with res ... | 1990 | 2308023 |
| refractory congestive heart failure after ribavirin in infants with heart disease and respiratory syncytial virus. | although treatment with ribavirin has been known to be associated with a decreased mortality in infants with congenital heart disease (chd) who have respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), few data are available regarding morbidity. we reviewed records of 10 consecutively hospitalized infants with chd during a recent rsv epidemic. despite the presence of left-to-right shunt in each patient, symptoms of rsv were respiratory at presentation. after ribavirin, decreased respiratory symptoms were found in ... | 1990 | 2308658 |
| a seroepidemiologic study of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in turkey. | in this study, a survey of cattle for neutralizing antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in turkey is presented. 490 serum samples were collected from several state farms and some private flocks in different regions of turkey. the serologic examination was done by the microtiter serum-neutralization technique. in this report, a positive serum antibody titer at dilutions of 1:2 was demonstrated in 226 (46.12%) of the 490 sera tested. | 1990 | 2311535 |
| association between respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks and lower respiratory tract deaths of infants and young children. | the temporal patterns of respiratory virus isolations from 10 laboratories in the usa were compared with that of deaths of children less than 5 years old from july 1975 through june 1984. isolations of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) occurred as yearly winter outbreaks; parainfluenza virus 1 and 2 isolations occurred as well-defined outbreaks every other year in the autumn; parainfluenza virus 3 isolations occurred throughout the year with periodic, increased isolations suggestive of outbreaks ... | 1990 | 2319164 |
| respiratory syncytial virus in a community population: circulation of subgroups a and b since 1965. | respiratory syncytial viruses were isolated from residents of tecumseh, mi, with illnesses of all severities during the periods 1965-1971 and 1976-1981. these isolates were grouped using one monoclonal antibody specific for each subgroup. all were identified as either subgroup a or b. subgroup a predominated in most years. no differences in age distribution or illness characteristics could be found between the subgroups. this study demonstrated that the currently recognized subgroups have been p ... | 1990 | 2319169 |
| the 22,000-kilodalton protein of respiratory syncytial virus is a major target for kd-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes from mice primed by infection. | recombinant vaccinia viruses containing the 22-kilodalton protein (matrixlike or 22k protein) or phosphoprotein gene from respiratory syncytial virus were constructed. these recombinant viruses expressed proteins which were immunoprecipitated by appropriate respiratory syncytial virus antibodies and comigrated with authentic proteins produced by respiratory syncytial virus infection. the new recombinant viruses (and others previously described containing the attachment glycoprotein, fusion, or n ... | 1990 | 2319650 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in an adult renal transplant recipient: successful treatment with ribavirin. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia may be a severe disease especially in immunocompromised patients. it is quite rare in adults. we report a case of severe rsv pneumonia in a 38-year-old male renal transplant recipient with successful outcome after ribavirin aerosol therapy. | 1990 | 2320966 |
| chest x-ray appearances in pneumonia and bronchiolitis. correlation to virological diagnosis and secretory bacterial findings. | chest x-ray findings were related to virus diagnosis, age and secretory bacterial findings in 128 infants and children under 7 years of age with clinical pneumonia and bronchiolitis. they belonged to a cohort examined in connection with the introduction of rapid methods for virological diagnosis. seventy-six children had a virus infection diagnosed by examination of nasopharyngeal secretion and/or by serological methods. thirty-seven of these children were classified as having pathogenic bacteri ... | 1990 | 2321485 |
| respiratory virus infection as a cause of prolonged symptoms in acute otitis media. | we studied respiratory viruses in 22 children with acute otitis media who had failed to improve after at least 48 hours of antimicrobial therapy. the mean duration of preenrollment antimicrobial therapy was 4.8 days. for comparison we studied 66 children with newly diagnosed acute otitis media. respiratory viruses were isolated from middle ear fluid or from the nasopharynx, or both, significantly more often in the patients unresponsive to initial antimicrobial therapy than in the comparison pati ... | 1990 | 2329417 |
| mechanical ventilation and respiratory syncytial virus infection. | | 1990 | 2334216 |
| exposure of health care workers to ribavirin during therapy for respiratory syncytial virus infections. | health care workers (hcw) are exposed to ribavirin aerosol during therapy of infants with respiratory syncytial virus infections. to assess the degree of hcw exposure, we analyzed air samples from patient rooms and hcw personal breathing zones during ribavirin aerosol delivery by ventilator (two samples), oxygen hood (two samples), and a new vacuum exhaust hood (four samples). hcw exposure to ribavirin during aerosol delivery by ventilator or vacuum exhaust hood system was substantially lower th ... | 1990 | 2344173 |
| screening for respiratory syncytial virus and assignment to a cohort at admission to reduce nosocomial transmission. | to limit nosocomial spread of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, a longitudinal intervention trial was instituted. nasal secretions or washes were screened for rsv antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and patients were assigned to an rsv-infected or an rsv-uninfected cohort. the baseline (preintervention) rate of 7.17 nosocomial cases of rsv per 1000 patient-days of care was used for comparison. despite continued infections in the community after screening was initiated, there ... | 1990 | 2348292 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and ribavirin therapy: winter 1987-spring 1988. a report of 74 cases treated at providence hospital, anchorage, alaska. | seventy-four pediatric cases of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection were treated at providence hospital, anchorage, alaska between september 1, 1987 and april 30, 1988. these patients are described with illustrative case reports. twenty-one patients were treated with ribavirin and these patients are further analyzed as a special interest group. a disproportionate number of the ribavirin treated group were alaskan natives. in the discussion we address concerns of possibl ... | 1990 | 2353740 |
| respiratory syncytial viral infection in infants: nursing implications. | respiratory syncytial viral infection is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. presenting symptoms include rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, a low grade fever, and a cough. hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis are the most common presentation for infants requiring intensive care. critical care nurses must skillfully assess the infant's clinical status and response to medical treatment, implement and enforce isolation procedures, and remain sensitive ... | 1990 | 2357886 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in bone marrow transplantation: a case report (syncytial virus infection). | the authors describe the case of a patient receiving a second bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed, in the early post transplant period, an interstitial pneumonia caused by respiratory syncytial virus. the patient promptly recovered, but radiological findings of interstitial pneumonia lasted for three months. | 1990 | 2358206 |
| an outbreak of an influenza-like illness in a nursing home. | as part of an ongoing infection surveillance program, data were collected on an outbreak of respiratory illness affecting 29% of residents in a 231-bed long-term care facility. viral titers could be collected on 60% of the ill residents and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was established in 14 of the symptomatic patients and was thought to be the probable cause of the outbreak. compared with previously reported long-term institutional outbreaks of rsv, there were significantly fewer cases of p ... | 1990 | 2358628 |
| central nervous system manifestations of parainfluenza virus type 3 infections in childhood. | three children were admitted within an 8-week period with parainfluenza virus type 3 infection accompanied by encephalitis. all 3 patients had electroencephalograms characterized by slowing, disorganization of background activity, and multifocal sharp-wave activity with temporal predominance. apnea and periodic breathing were observed in 1 patient, opsoclonus-myoclonus in another, and disease mimicking herpes encephalitis in the third. all 3 patients recovered without neurologic residua. | 1990 | 2360961 |
| determinants of susceptibility to challenge and the antibody response of adult volunteers given experimental respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. | the virulence and immunogenicity of a wild-type respiratory syncytial (rs) virus together with four temperature sensitive (ts) mutants derived from this isolate were tested by intranasal inoculation into adult volunteers. resistance to challenge correlated with neutralizing antibody titres in nasal secretions and to a lesser extent in serum. all ts mutants were reduced in virulence. mutant ts1b caused mild or asymptomatic infections yet induced antibody responses comparable with wild-type rs vir ... | 1990 | 2363300 |
| [a fatal respiratory form of type c niemann-pick disease]. | an unusual case of niemann-pick disease type c is reported. the disease was first manifested in utero with hepatomegaly and ascitis. at the age of 3 months, respiratory signs were noted due to diffuse alveolar and interstitial pneumonia. both bronchoalveolar lavage and blood serologic studies revealed respiratory infection by respiratory syncitial virus and chlamydia trachomatis. these concomitant infections delayed the diagnosis of niemann-pick disease which was finally made by the electronic m ... | 1990 | 2369271 |
| local antibody production and respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with leukaemia. | children undergoing therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) are at increased risk of severe viral respiratory infection, and some find it difficult to terminate virus secretion. this increased severity may result from a defect in the mucosal immune response. to test this hypothesis, nasal immunoglobulin secretion and specific antiviral antibody responses to infection with respiratory syncytial (rs) virus in children with all have been compared with those in a normal age-matched compariso ... | 1990 | 2370522 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. | | 1990 | 2380825 |
| high-dose, short-duration ribavirin aerosol therapy in children with suspected respiratory syncytial virus infection. | nine children (aged 6 weeks to 7 years) with suspected respiratory syncytial virus infection received aerosal treatment with ribavirin, 60 mg/ml for 2-hour periods three times daily for up to 5 days. five children received treatment via an endotracheal tube and four via an oxygen hood. blood samples (3 to 17 per patient) and respiratory secretions (4 to 23 per patient) were assayed for ribavirin with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. ribavirin triphosphate in erythrocytes was ... | 1990 | 2380833 |
| humoral immune responses in seals infected by phocine distemper virus. | recently the isolation and characterisation of a morbillivirus which caused high mortality in common seals (phoca vitulina) in 1988 have been reported. because of the clinical and pathological similarity of the disease in seals to that of distemper in dogs, the name phocine distemper virus (pdv) has been proposed. there are marked differences in the virus-induced proteins of pdv compared to other morbilliviruses and the humoral immune response of moribund and dead seals to pdv was restricted to ... | 1990 | 2382048 |
| plasma elevations of histamine and a prostaglandin metabolite in acute bronchiolitis. | acute bronchiolitis (ab) is a common lung disease in infants manifested clinically by dyspnea and wheezing. the purpose of this study was to measure simultaneous plasma levels of histamine and a stable prostaglandin f2 alpha metabolite [13,14-dihydro-15-keto-pgf2 alpha (pg metabolite)], by radioenzymatic and radioimmunoassays, respectively, during and after recovery from ab. blood was obtained from 15 infants during ab and from 14 and 9 of these infants when re-evaluated 6 and 18 months later, r ... | 1990 | 2382900 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infected cells by in situ hybridization in the lungs of cotton rats immunized with formalin-inactivated virus or purified rsv f and g glycoprotein subunit vaccine and challenged with rsv. | the replication of rsv in unimmunized cotton rats was evaluated by quantitating the amount of infectious virus in the lung and the number of rsv infected cells in a histopathological section of lung by in situ hybridization. rsv infected cells were detected only in alveoli and bronchioles and constituted only a small minority of the cell population. the temporal patterns of rise to the peak number of infected cells (day 4) and the peak titer of infectious virus (day 3) were similar. the clearanc ... | 1990 | 2385958 |
| igg-subclass-specific antibody reactivity to respiratory syncytial virus polypeptides investigated by western blot. | igg1 and igg3 subclass-specific antibody reactivity (abr) in serum samples obtained from infants and children in relation to acute lower respiratory disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was investigated by western blot. igg1 abr was directed against the nucleocapsid polypeptides vpn and vpp as well as against the glycoproteins gp48 (f1) and gp90. igg3 abr was directed only against vpn and vpp. in infants, a low igg1 reactivity against glycoproteins was observed. when ser ... | 1990 | 2392617 |
| antiserum raised in pigs against canine distemper virus and its utility in diagnostic procedures for morbillivirus infections (canine distemper, phocine distemper, rinderpest). | antiserum against canine distemper virus (cdv) was raised in pigs by intranasal inoculation with cdv strains cnd65 and rockborn. immunoglobulin fractions were conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. peroxidase-conjugated anti-cdv immunoglobulin preparations were used for the detection and titration of cdv, seal-derived (phocine) distemper virus (pdv) and rinderpest virus (rpv) in vero cell cultures. for the detection and titration of corresponding neutralizing antibodies a direct neutralizing pe ... | 1990 | 2396484 |
| [a bronchiolitis epidemic caused by respiratory syncytial viruses]. | in the typical period of the year (autumn-winter 1986-1987) an outbreak of bronchiolitis in infants caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) occurred. the acute course of the illness, a severe clinical picture, and a very fast spread of infection called for the very rapid techniques for detecting the etiological agent. applying the direct immunofluorescent antibody test (dfta) in samples of nasopharyngeal secretions, rsv was found to be responsible for the epidemic. later the same samples of ... | 1990 | 2396494 |
| impact of treatment guidelines on use of ribavirin. | during the 1987 through 1988 seasonal peak of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), 177 courses of ribavirin were administered at st christopher's hospital for children, a tertiary care medical center in philadelphia, pa. charts were reviewed on 100 treated patients with proved or suspected rsv disease to determine adherence to american academy of pediatrics treatment guidelines. ninety-four percent fulfilled criteria for the risk of significant morbidity: cardiac, pulmonary, or immunodeficiency co ... | 1990 | 2396611 |
| pathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimentally infected lambs. | twenty-four 6-8-week-old conventionally reared lambs were inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. infected lambs showed mild clinical signs characterized by slight serous nasal discharge, coughing, lachrymation and bronchovascular sounds on the middle part of the lung 5-9 days post-inoculation (pi). virus was isolated in nasal swabs from 9 of 24 lambs between 3 and 7 days pi. however, virus was recovered from tracheal and lung tissue of all lambs kill ... | 1990 | 2402874 |
| characterisation of the european seal morbillivirus. | the elisa test originally developed for the detection of serum antibodies to rinderpest virus has been shown to detect cross-reacting antibodies in sera of diseased common and grey seals. analysis of sera collected from various seal populations is in progress to establish the correlation between different morbillivirus neutralisation tests, elisa tests and the disease status of the animals. rna purified from post-mortem tissues removed from diseased seals has been analysed by hybridisation with ... | 1990 | 2402877 |
| [ribavirin and mechanical ventilation]. | | 1990 | 2403274 |
| rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigens in nasopharyngeal secretions. | the combined use of fluorescein-labelled monoclonal antibody and a cytocentrifuge for preparation of cell spots greatly reduced the time for rapid diagnosis, and improved the sensitivity and ease of detection of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus antigen in specimens of nasopharyngeal secretions. | 1990 | 2407745 |
| two distinct subtypes of human respiratory syncytial virus. | antigenic variation of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus strains was analysed using a collection of nine, six, six, nine and one monoclonal antibodies respectively directed against the large glycoprotein (g), fusion protein (f), matrix protein (m), nucleoprotein (np) and phosphoprotein (p) components of the long strain of rs virus. a comparison was made with seven other strains isolated during different years in radioimmune precipitation analyses and immune fluorescence tests. two different ... | 1985 | 2413163 |
| antigenic variation in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of human parainfluenza type 3 virus. | sixteen monoclonal antibodies directed to the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein of a 1957 isolate of parainfluenza type 3 virus (piv3) were produced and used to examine antigenic variation in clinical strains. analysis of hemagglutination-inhibition reactivity patterns of antigenic variants selected in vitro in the presence of monoclonal antibodies indicated that there were a minimum of six distinct epitopes detectable on the hn molecule. competitive-binding assays indicated that these ep ... | 1985 | 2414910 |
| monoclonal antibodies reveal extensive antigenic differences between the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoproteins of human and bovine parainfluenza 3 viruses. | a panel of twenty monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein of human parainfluenza 3 (pi3) virus has been obtained and tentatively classified into four different groups based on reactivity in hemagglutination inhibition (hi), neuraminidase inhibition (ni), and plaque neutralization (nt) tests. the antibodies were tested for cross-reactivity with bovine pi3 virus, sendai virus, and simian virus 5 (sv5). only two of these antibodies showed similar reactivities with ... | 1986 | 2417412 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in transported calves. | nasal swab samples were collected from calves on individual farms in tennessee and sequentially at an auction barn and at a feedlot to detect respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). in 1976, rsv was isolated from 5 of 225 calves at the auction barn and from 13 of 92 calves examined at the feedlot. of the 13 isolations, 11 were from calves with acute respiratory tract disease. most (14/18) calves infected with rsv were also shedding parainfluenza-3 virus in their nasal secretions. attempts to isolate ... | 1985 | 2417510 |
| clinical applications of antiviral agents for chemophrophylaxis and therapy of respiratory viral infections. | table iii summarizes clinical applications of antiviral agents in respiratory viral infections. (table: see text) for influenza a virus infections, both oral amantadine and rimantadine are effective when used for seasonal prophylaxis and for prophylaxis in institutional populations. both of these drugs, as well as aerosolized ribavirin, have antiviral and therapeutic effects in uncomplicated influenza. it remains to be determined whether any of these modalities or possibly their combined use [44 ... | 1985 | 2417551 |
| concurrent circulation of antigenically distinct strains of respiratory syncytial virus during community outbreaks. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is considered to be of a single serotype. antigenic variants are detectable both by neutralization and monoclonal antibodies and have been divided into two broad categories, groups 1 and 2. group 2 isolates have been considered to be uncommon. we used indirect immunofluorescence with strain-specific monoclonal antibodies to study rsv isolates from hospitalized infants in the greater boston area. of 223 rsv isolates recovered over a five-month period in 1983-1984 ... | 1986 | 2418126 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the human parainfluenza 3 virus rna encoding the nucleocapsid protein. | the sequence of 1690 nucleotides from the 5' end of the viral complementary rna for the human parainfluenza 3 virus was determined by molecular cloning. one large open reading frame consisting of 1548 nucleotides was demonstrated. the encoded protein, the nucleocapsid protein (np), consists of 515 amino acids, and has a predicted molecular weight of 57,819. a noncoding 5' sequence of 51 nucleotides is present at the end of the np-mrna. two consensus sequences were identified which are homologous ... | 1986 | 2418584 |
| the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates: assessment, formulation, and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies as a diagnostic reagent. | comparisons were made between standard methods of cell culture, indirect immunofluorescence (if) using hyperimmune respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antiserum, and indirect if using mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against various epitopes of rsv for the detection of rsv in nasopharyngeal aspirates. the monoclonal antibodies were used singly and in pools of different specificities which in turn were tested in both direct and indirect if. in a preliminary study, aspirates from 227 infants wer ... | 1986 | 2419492 |
| [natural killers and interferon in complicated influenza and other acute respiratory viral diseases in children]. | the results of the study on the functional activity of natural killers (nk) and serum interferon in 118 children ranging in age from 3 months to 5 years suffering from influenza and other acute respiratory viral diseases complicated with croup, pneumonia, and obstructive syndrome (66 children with influenza, 21 with parainfluenza, 16 with adenovirus infection, and 15 with respiratory syncytial virus diseases) are presented. the control group consisted of 22 normal children. decreased nk activity ... | 1985 | 2420069 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus infection, with special reference to recent findings]. | | 1985 | 2422814 |
| new modalities in antiviral therapy. | | 1986 | 2425793 |
| characterization of four parainfluenza virus type 3 proteins by use of monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies directed against four structural components of the atcc strain c243 of parainfluenza virus type 3 were produced. the specific reaction of the antibodies with individual structural components was determined by radioimmune precipitation assay. in the collection of monoclonal antibodies, 21 reacted with the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein (mol. wt. 72,000), eight with the fusion (f) glycoprotein (mol. wt. 64,000), 27 with the nucleocapsid (np) protein (mol. wt. ... | 1986 | 2426392 |
| conserved epitopes on the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteins of human and bovine parainfluenza type 3 viruses: nucleotide sequence analysis of variants selected with monoclonal antibodies. | we have previously identified 11 epitopes located in two topologically nonoverlapping antigenic sites (a and b) and a third bridging site (c) on the human type 3 parainfluenza virus (piv3) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein by using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) which inhibit hemagglutination and virus infectivity (k. l. coelingh, c. c. winter, and b. r. murphy, virology 143:569-582, 1985). we have identified three additional antigenic sites (d, e, and f) on the hn molecule by competit ... | 1986 | 2427750 |
| a simple method for histochemical demonstration of viral inclusion bodies in cell monolayers in microtitration plates. | the present paper describes a bouin's-formalin fixation and giemsa staining procedure for demonstrating viral cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in cellular monolayers in microtitration plates. monolayers are fixed in bouin's fixative for 15 min followed by 10% neutral buffered formalin fixation overnight. after fixation, the monolayers are stained with 4% (v/v) giemsa stain. the method is superior to the separate use of formalin, methanol or bouin's fixation-staining methods and compares favorably to ... | 1986 | 2428131 |
| avidity of igg antibodies against mumps, parainfluenza 2 and newcastle disease viruses after mumps infection. | paired serum samples from 39 patients with recent mumps infection were assayed for igg antibodies against mumps, parainfluenza 2 and newcastle disease virus (ndv). a modified enzyme immunoassay was used, giving separate estimates of high avidity antibodies (ehaa) and total specific antibodies (etsa). a marked cross-reaction was seen between mumps and parainfluenza 2 virus, with changes of etsa between paired samples of about the same magnitude against both these viruses. the mean change of ehaa ... | 1986 | 2429976 |
| regulation of virus infections by natural killer cells. a review. | | 1986 | 2430177 |
| antigenic and structural properties of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of human parainfluenza virus type 3: sequence analysis of variants selected with monoclonal antibodies which inhibit infectivity, hemagglutination, and neuraminidase activities. | the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene sequence was determined for 16 antigenic variants of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3). the variants were selected by using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the hn protein which inhibit neuraminidase, hemagglutination, or both activities. each variant had a single-point mutation in the hn gene, coding for a single amino acid substitution in the hn protein. operational and topographic maps of the hn protein correlated well with the relative positions ... | 1987 | 2437318 |
| immediate persistent infection by human parainfluenza virus 3: unique fusion properties of the persistently infected cells. | we describe here a persistently infected cell system with unique properties. cells infected with human parainfluenza virus type 3 (pf3) at high multiplicities of infection showed little or no cytopathic effects (cell fusion). unlike other paramyxovirus persistent infections that require a long development time, the majority of the cells survived the initial infection and formed persistently infected cell cultures that were immediately available for study. in addition, unlike other paramyxovirus ... | 1987 | 2438380 |
| [the role of interferon in respiratory syncytial infection]. | | 1985 | 2438813 |
| [study of the multiplication in cell cultures of two strains of para-influenza virus type 3. iii. multiplication in bhk 21 cells]. | study was conducted on the multiplication of two strains (c243 and d) of parainfluenza virus type 3 in bhk 21 cells. multiplication curve of the virus was established and immunohistochemical aspects of the process were investigated. chronological study of successive steps of the formation and development of viral components allowed to see that the virus multiplication rate is low in this cell system. the parainfluenza antigen became detectable by immunofluorescence in the infected cell perinucle ... | 1987 | 2444030 |
| isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to simian virus 5 and their use in revealing antigenic differences between human, canine and simian isolates. | hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to simian virus 5 (sv5) were obtained following immunization of mice with purified preparations of a human isolate (ln) of sv5. immune precipitation studies showed that these monoclonal antibodies had specificities for the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn), fusion (f), nucleo-, matrix and phospho- (p) proteins of sv5. by use of a radioimmune competition assay the monoclonal antibodies to the hn protein were assigned to four groups, members of which reco ... | 1987 | 2445904 |
| antiviral drugs for common respiratory diseases. what's here, what's to come. | progress is being made in the development of drugs for the prevention and treatment of viral respiratory infections. two drugs currently available to clinicians are amantadine (symmetral) and ribavirin (virazole). oral amantadine is effective for both treatment and prevention of uncomplicated influenza a infections. although vaccination continues as the mainstay of influenza prevention, amantadine is useful for unvaccinated patients if complications are likely. when used for treatment, it must b ... | 1988 | 2448762 |
| parainfluenza virus type 2 haemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein characterized with monoclonal antibodies. | thirteen monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared against human parainfluenza virus type 2 (piv2). these mabs reacted with the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein with an mr of 84k. the mabs defined one antigenic site which could be divided into five epitopes. a correlation between haemagglutination inhibition (hi) and neutralization activity could be seen although one mab, which recognized a distinct epitope, showed neutralization and no hi activity to piv2. the reactivity of the mabs w ... | 1988 | 2451708 |
| immunology of respiratory viral infections. | viral infections of the respiratory tract represent a major cause of morbidity and inconvenience in all age groups. in addition, several thousand deaths can be attributed annually to these infections, especially those occurring at the extremes of age. knowledge of the nature of the immune response in the respiratory tract is essential to vaccine development and to understanding disease pathogenesis. this chapter describes advances in our understanding of how the immune system contributes to erad ... | 1988 | 2453154 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in clinical specimens. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions. this assay employed as immunoreagents two monoclonal antibodies directed against two distinct epitopes of the viral nucleocapsid. one of them (rsv 4) was used for antigen capture and the other (nc 4) was labelled with n-hydroxy-succinimide-epsilon-caproil biotin and used for antigen detection. streptavidin biotin-peroxidase complexes were employed as ampl ... | 1988 | 2455493 |
| tonsillitis and respiratory infections of viral aetiology in a developing country. | among 75 clinically diagnosed cases of tonsillitis, 55 (73.3%) were found to be of viral aetiology. serological and virological investigations identified adenovirus as the main causative agent in children as well as in adults. in only two instances, both in children, was an association with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in tonsillitis detected, an extremely rare finding. a cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study of respiratory infections caused by adenovirus, rsv, influenza (a,b) and para ... | 1988 | 2456726 |
| association of bovine respiratory syncytial virus with atypical interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle. | thirty-three cattle with fatal respiratory tract disease were examined for gross and histologic lesions and for the presence of viral and bacterial agents in the lungs. fifteen cattle had lesions characteristic of atypical interstitial pneumonia (aip), and 18 had other respiratory tract diseases, including infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, shipping fever pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, pulmonary abscess, and edema of the trachea. gross necropsy findings in the cattle with aip were uncollapsed and ... | 1988 | 2458690 |
| an immunoperoxidase method of detecting respiratory syncytial virus antigens in paraffin sections of pneumonic bovine lung. | using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunoperoxidase staining method, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen was demonstrated in glutaraldehyde-fixed, paraffin-processed lung sections from calves with induced rsv pneumonia. the virus also was detected in formalin-fixed, paraffin-processed lung sections from calves with naturally occurring rsv pneumonia. specific immunoperoxidase staining was detected within the cytoplasm of epithelial cells and syncytia in small bronchi, bronchioli, and ... | 1988 | 2458691 |
| characteristics of in vitro production of mucosal antibody to respiratory syncytial virus in tonsillar tissue lymphocytes. | tonsillar lymphocytes (tl) obtained from 39 subjects were established in culture in vitro, and analyzed for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) specific antibody synthesis after stimulation with pokeweed mitogen and live or ultraviolet light inactivated rsv. following stimulation with the virus, igg1, iga, and low levels of igg3 but no igg2, igg4, or ige anti-rsv antibody could be detected in the culture supernatants. the anti-rsv antibody production in tl did not show any correlation with the pre ... | 1988 | 2458875 |
| formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine induces antibodies to the fusion glycoprotein that are deficient in fusion-inhibiting activity. | the fusion (f) glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) induces neutralizing antibodies and antibodies that inhibit fusion of infected cells (fi antibody). it was previously shown that infants and children immunized with formalin-inactivated rsv 20 years ago developed antibodies that bound to the f glycoprotein but were deficient in neutralizing activity. a reexamination of these sera indicated that they were also deficient in fi activity. thus, formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine stimulat ... | 1988 | 2459154 |
| mapping an antibody-binding site and a t-cell-stimulating site on the 1a protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | a synthetic peptide modeled on residues 45 to 60 of the 1a protein of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus [1a(45-60)] was constructed and used for immunization of mice and rabbits. the immunoglobulin g fraction of the resulting rabbit antibody, purified on protein a-sepharose, immunoprecipitated from rs-infected hep-2 cells a protein with a molecular size of approximately 9.5 kilodaltons, which corresponds to the previously published molecular size of the 1a protein (y. t. huang, p. l. collins, and ... | 1988 | 2460636 |
| antigenic and functional organization of human parainfluenza virus type 3 fusion glycoprotein. | twenty-six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) (14 neutralizing and 12 nonneutralizing) were used to examine the antigenic structure, biological properties, and natural variation of the fusion (f) glycoprotein of human type 3 parainfluenza virus (piv3). analysis of laboratory-selected antigenic variants and of piv3 clinical isolates indicated that the panel of mabs recognizes at least 20 epitopes, 14 of which participate in neutralization. competitive binding assays indicated that the 14 neutralization ... | 1989 | 2462062 |
| [dynamics of interferon formation in acute viral respiratory infections in children]. | | 1988 | 2462207 |
| isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human parainfluenza virus type 4 and their use in revealing antigenic relation between subtypes 4a and 4b. | eighty monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against parainfluenza virus type 4(piv-4) were isolated and characterized. of 50 mabs against piv-4a, 14 reacted with the nucleocapsid (np) protein, 11 with the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein, 6 with the fusion (f) glycoprotein, and 19 with the matrix (m) protein. with the aid of the piv-4a and piv-2 specific mabs showing cross-reactivity with piv-4b, the structural proteins of piv-4b were identified. gp72, p65, gp65, gp55, p53, and p40 of piv-4 ... | 1989 | 2472703 |
| chlamydia trachomatis and parainfluenza 2 virus: a shared antigenic determinant? | a tracheal aspirate from which parainfluenza 2 (pi-2) virus but not chlamydiae was isolated demonstrated positive immunofluorescence of elementary body- and reticulate body-like particles on direct examination with anti-chlamydia monoclonal antibodies (syva co.). in subsequent studies, we found this reagent to show specific staining of this strain of pi-2 as well as of 3 of 18 additional pi-2 strains that were evaluated. | 1989 | 2473996 |
| identification of amino acids recognized by syncytium-inhibiting and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the human parainfluenza type 3 virus fusion protein. | neutralizing monoclonal antibodies specific for the fusion (f) glycoprotein of human parainfluenza type 3 virus (piv3) were used to select neutralization-resistant antigenic variants. sequence analysis of the f genes of the variants indicated that their resistance to antibody binding, antibody-mediated neutralization or to both was a result of specific amino acid substitutions within the neutralization epitopes of the f1 and f2 subunits. comparison of the locations of piv3 neutralization epitope ... | 1989 | 2474672 |
| effects of bovine respiratory disease viruses and isoprinosine on bovine leukocyte function in vitro. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 4- to 6-month-old-calves were inoculated in vitro with bovine herpesvirus-1, parainfluenza-3, or bovine virus diarrhea viruses. no increase in infectious virus progeny was observed; however, the viruses were detected in the cells for at least 96 h post-infection without any significant reduction in cell viability. the three viruses, either alone or in combination, suppressed phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation of the mononuclear cells. the gr ... | 1989 | 2477940 |
| early identification and retrieval or deletion of human lymphocyte subpopulations responding to influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus challenge. | differences in immune responses of human mononuclear leukocytes (mnl) have been demonstrated following exposure in vitro to influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). in the current studies, we sought to identify early differences in reactive subpopulations that emerge from within the heterogeneous resting mnl pool after challenge. mnl were sham-exposed or exposed to influenza virus or rsv, separated, and retrieved by countercurrent centrifugal elutriation after 3 d. exposure to influ ... | 1989 | 2480179 |
| incomplete replication of human parainfluenza virus type 2 in mouse l929 cells. | human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hpiv-2) was tested for its ability to replicate in murine l929 cells. l929 cells were non-permissive for replication of hpiv-2. interferon produced endogenously played no role in its incomplete replication. the mechanism by which growth of hpiv-2 was suppressed in l929 cells was studied. synthesis of virus-specific polypeptides, particularly glycoprotein(s), was suppressed in hpiv-2-infected l929 cells. the hn mrna could scarcely be detected in virus-infected l9 ... | 1989 | 2480761 |
| [antigenic structures of human parainfluenza viruses]. | | 1989 | 2481369 |
| identification and partial purification of the fusion protein of avian paramyxovirus type 3. | the fusion protein of an avian paramyxovirus-3 from turkeys was detected as a poorly-labelled 56k 3h-glucosamine band. after immunopurification by a monoclonal antibody it elicited antisera which inhibited haemolysis but not haemagglutination. | 1989 | 2481433 |
| immunological response of monkeys infected intranasally with human parainfluenza virus type 4. | this report describes our attempt to establish an experimental animal model for human parainfluenza virus type 4a (hpiv-4a) and 4b (hpiv-4b) infection, which was used to study the immune response to the viruses. monkeys were inoculated intranasally with the viruses, and at 10 weeks post-infection they were re-infected with homologous subtype viruses. virus-specific igm and igg serum antibodies were measured by elisa. a small peak of igm antibody was detected in the monkeys re-infected with hpiv- ... | 1989 | 2481714 |
| antigenic structure of the fusion glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus. | | 1989 | 2481965 |
| defective transport of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus in interferon treated cell. | a defective transport of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3v) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein was evidenced in interferon (ifn)-treated bovine turbinate (btu) cells. indirect immunofluorescence performed with monoclonal antibody to pi-3 hn glycoprotein demonstrated accumulation of this protein in the perinuclear cytoplasm of ifn-treated cells. untreated, infected control cells had a generalized widespread fluorescence. unfixed control cells showed a uniform surface fluorescence in ... | 1989 | 2482015 |
| natural killer cell response to respiratory syncytial virus in the balb/c mouse model. | | 1989 | 2482668 |
| swollen head syndrome in chickens: a preliminary report on the isolation of a possible aetiological agent. | an extremely pleomorphic virus was isolated from broilers with swollen head syndrome. this virus seems to be related to the virus causing turkey rhinotracheitis. | 1989 | 2487733 |
| detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus using a heterologous antigen-capture enzyme immunoassay. | based on the marked antigenic similarities that exist between antigens of the human and bovine strains of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), an enzyme immunoassay (eia) designed to detect human rsv was used to detect bovine rsv. the commercial test kit (rsv eia) consists of a solid phase (beads) coated with a capture antiserum prepared against the long strain of human rsv. the rsv eia test was compared with the method of inoculation of cell cultures and fluorescent antibody (fa) staining of lung ... | 1989 | 2488346 |
| acute otitis media and respiratory virus infections. | we studied the association of acute otitis media with different respiratory virus infections in a pediatric department on the basis of epidemics between 1980 and 1985. altogether 4524 cases of acute otitis media were diagnosed. the diagnosis was confirmed by tympanocentesis in 3332 ears. respiratory virus infection was diagnosed during the same period in 989 patients by detecting viral antigen in nasopharyngeal mucus. there was a significant correlation between acute otitis media and respiratory ... | 1989 | 2495520 |
| nosocomial viral infections: recent developments and new strategies. | surveillance studies generally have underestimated the importance of viruses in the pathogenesis of nosocomial respiratory tract infections. the development of rapid, sensitive and reliable diagnostic techniques has permitted documentation of viral respiratory pathogens and has led to increased understanding of the epidemiology of these organisms in the hospital. these advances are exemplified by studies of respiratory syncytial virus infections in hospitalized children. the pulmonary sequelae o ... | 1989 | 2495955 |
| tracheitis and supraglottis associated with branhamella catarrhalis and respiratory syncytial virus. | | 1989 | 2496395 |
| [acute bronchiolitis in the nursing infant is not a benign infection]. | | 1989 | 2502854 |
| evaluation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tetrasodium salt dihydrate (edta)-tween 20 treatment versus protease digestion of formalin-fixed tissue sections for detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus antigen in infected ovine lung. | the efficacy of protease and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tetrasodium salt dihydrate (edta)-tween 20 in unmasking bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) antigens in formalin-fixed lung tissue was compared using avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase procedure. tissues were taken from experimentally infected lambs. brsv antigen stained in both techniques. treatment with edta-tween 20 resulted in more intense staining of brsv infected cells, more uniform cytoplasmic staining, less non-specific back ... | 1989 | 2503919 |
| [clinical studies on the secondary bacterial infection in respiratory syncytial virus infection of children]. | secondary bacterial infection was studied on 231 children admitted with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the 10 years since 1987. of the 231 children, 56 (24.2%) had dual bacterial infection possibly due to secondary bacterial invasion. the diagnoses of bacterial disease were sepsis (2), pyothorax (2), pneumonias (41), otitis media (7), nasopharyngitis (2) and urinary tract infection (2). dual bacterial infections were more frequent in infants and children over 6 months than in inf ... | 1989 | 2504838 |
| direct and indirect fluorescent-antibody staining techniques using commercial monoclonal antibodies for detection of respiratory syncytial virus. | a comparison was made between direct and indirect fluorescent-antibody staining techniques using commercial monoclonal antibodies for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in respiratory secretions. overall agreement between the two tests was 94%. using virus isolation as the reference method, the indirect test had a higher sensitivity but a similar specificity when compared with the direct test. the slight delay in reporting using the indirect technique is not clinically significant and is o ... | 1989 | 2506043 |
| [laboratory diagnosis of infantile infections caused by the respiratory syncytial virus. report of 9 cases]. | nine cases of respiratory infections caused by syncytial respiratory virus which were diagnosed by direct immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies are presented here. six of them have been clinically diagnosed as bronchiolitis and the remaining three are diagnosed as obstructive bronchitis, upper respiratory cold and respiratory distress respectively. seven are male and two are female. their ages vary from 13 days to eleven months. its usefulness is indicated given its speed and the current ... | 1989 | 2519489 |