| children with r.s.v.: developing a protocol. | | 1989 | 2771262 |
| idiosyncratic reaction to nebulised ribavirin in an artificially ventilated neonate. | | 1989 | 2778348 |
| evaluation of exposure of health care personnel to ribavirin. | reports that ribavirin was teratogenic in animals raised concerns of female health care personnel about possible occupational exposure during the care of infants having respiratory syncytial virus infections. under simulated operational conditions, experiments were conducted to measure ribavirin residues in room air, in surface wipe samples, and in personal sampling devices worn by volunteers. there was exposure to a dispersible dust, presumably dried ribavirin, deposited inside the croupette or ... | 1989 | 2778845 |
| the exposure of health care workers to ribavirin aerosol. | | 1989 | 2778925 |
| prostaglandin and thromboxane concentrations in plasma and lung lavage fluids during sequential infection of vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | the potential action of immunologic reactions and mediators released during the course of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in pathogenesis of the ensuing disease process was examined in an experimental infection study. prostaglandin (pg) e2, pgf2 alpha 6-keto-pgf1 alpha, and thromboxane b2 (txb2) concentrations were quantitated in plasma and lung lavage fluid by radioimmunoassay at 3- to 4-day intervals during a primary and secondary virus infection of vaccinated, nonvaccinated, and ... | 1989 | 2782709 |
| flow cytometric analysis of pulmonary lymphocytes from mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | balb/c mice were infected intra-nasally with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and cells recovered from the lungs by single or repeated bronchoalveolar lavage (bal). single bal gave enough cells (1 - 2 x 10(5) cells/mouse) for morphological study of giemsa stained cytospin preparations, and allowed the same mouse lungs to be assayed for virus titre or processed for histology. in normal or sham-infected mice the majority of recovered cells were macrophages, with less than 5% lymphocytes. followin ... | 1989 | 2784741 |
| pathogenesis of naturally acquired bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves: evidence for the involvement of complement and mast cell mediators. | indicators of immune-mediated disease were studied in calves with severe natural bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection. although antigen and antibody were detected concurrently in most calves, immune complexes were not detected by use of immunofluorescence, elisa, and binding of the 1q component of complement. complement component c3, however, was observed by immunofluorescence in the cranioventral, virus-infected portion of the lungs of 19 of 25 calves. reductions in the amount of histam ... | 1989 | 2786355 |
| [otosclerosis. a paramyxovirus-induced inflammatory reaction]. | despite intensive investigation the cause of otosclerosis remains unknown. recent immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies of otosclerotic stapes have revealed a possible viral aetiology. therefore we investigated the histology, ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry of fragments of otosclerotic footplates. immunoglobulins g (igg) and a (iga) were found in plasma cells, oseocytes, chondrocytes and connective tissue of the active lesions. polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against ... | 1989 | 2787314 |
| interleukin-1 inhibitor production by human mononuclear leukocytes and leukocyte subpopulations exposed to respiratory syncytial virus: analysis and comparison with the response to influenza virus. | net interleukin-1 (il-1) inhibitor activity is induced by exposure of purified human monocytes-macrophages to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). furthermore, il-1 inhibitor activity was produced by monocytes-macrophages exposed to rsv in the presence of lymphocytes, that is, by unseparated mononuclear leukocytes (mnl). purified rsv-exposed lymphocytes, as well as the lymphocytes exposed within mnl preparations, produced net il-1 inhibitor activity. in contrast, net il-1 activity was produced whe ... | 1989 | 2788203 |
| acute bronchiolitis: a three year study. | over the period 1986-88, 261 infants and children, with a mean age of six months, were admitted to christchurch hospital with acute bronchiolitis. there was a marked seasonal pattern, with peak admission periods occurring during winter and spring. two hundred and two children (77%) had a nasopharyngeal aspirate performed for respiratory virus identification. respiratory syncitial virus was identified in 113 (56%) of those who had viral studies performed. using a score of severity, 150 (57%) of t ... | 1989 | 2797587 |
| childhood asthma following hospitalization with acute viral bronchiolitis in infancy. | a prospective follow-up of 48 infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in the first year of life revealed that 44 of these infants had symptoms suggestive of asthma in the 5 years following their initial illness (cumulative prevalence 92%). symptoms became less frequent and less troublesome during the follow-up period. thirty-five of these children visited the laboratory for clinical examination, pulmonary function testing, and histamine challenge. twenty-five children ... | 1989 | 2797929 |
| clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infections in healthy versus previously compromised host. | in an effort to delineate the clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the compromised host, we compared children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd), congenital heart disease (chd), premature birth, failure to thrive, and gastroesophageal reflux to previously healthy children. during a four-year period, 262 patients were admitted to the hospital with rsv infection diagnosed by a rapid rsv antigen detection test. children with bpd or chd had more hospital days ... | 1989 | 2797931 |
| duration of hospitalization in previously well infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to describe the typical hospital course of infection in previously well infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, we reviewed the charts of 196 patients with laboratory-proved respiratory syncytial virus infection in the 1987-1988 respiratory disease season. eighty-seven of the children had been previously well. their mean duration of hospitalization was 3.4 days. previously well infants younger than 6 weeks of age experienced significantly longer hospitalizations an ... | 1989 | 2797955 |
| specific titration of avian paramyxovirus (pmv1) antibodies using an anti-hn monoclonal antibody. | | 1989 | 2798466 |
| effect of vaccination on cell populations in lung washes from calves after infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | the inflammatory response in the air-passages of the lungs of calves after intranasal inoculation with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was compared in rsv-vaccinated and control animals. total cells recovered from lung washings remained the same; however, the fold by eight days after infection and the type of cells changed from a predominance (85 per cent) of macrophages to equal proportions of macrophages and neutrophils (45 per cent) during the course of infection. the absolute numbers of ne ... | 1989 | 2799080 |
| disturbance in respiratory mechanics in infants with bronchiolitis. | the passive flow-volume and partial forced expiratory flow-volume techniques were used to assess pulmonary function in 14 spontaneously breathing infants with acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. two additional infants were studied while paralysed and ventilated. during the acute stage of the illness there was a significant reduction in forced expiratory flow rates and an increase in respiratory resistance. although the mean thoracic gas volume for the group was increased, five infan ... | 1989 | 2799745 |
| morbillivirus infections in european seals before 1988. | | 1989 | 2800265 |
| antecedents of chronic and recurrent lung disease. childhood respiratory trouble. | | 1989 | 2802375 |
| the seasonal invader. | | 1989 | 2804939 |
| hilar enlargement in respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia. | the clinical and radiographic features of ten children with hilar enlargement in association with proven respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection are described. hilar enlargement was seen in 10/35 children with rsv infection, and was invariably unilateral and right sided. it is recommended that rsv pneumonia be considered in children with unilateral hilar enlargement if tuberculosis has been excluded, and the onset of disease is rapid. | 1989 | 2806272 |
| bacterial coinfection in children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infections. | clinical and bacterial findings were prospectively studied in 90 children hospitalized because of middle or lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during a surveillance period of 12 months. the results were compared with those of rsv-negative children hospitalized with identical indications during the 3 peak months of the rsv epidemic (n = 91) or for the 3 months after the outbreak (n = 99). a high frequency of pneumonia and acute otitis media were found in ... | 1989 | 2812913 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in children admitted to the intensive care unit. | during the winter of 1986-1987, 64 children with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection were admitted to our hospital. the diagnosis was made by direct immunofluorescent antibody technique. twenty-three children (36%) needed intensive care treatment. nearly 11 (52%) had a preexisting disease state, identified as a risk factor i.e., prematurity (n = 8), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (n = 2), congenital heart disease (n = 1). twelve patients (50%) were intubated and ventilated. conditions for in ... | 1989 | 2812976 |
| structural proteins of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus. | six structural proteins of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3v) labeled with [35s]-methionine could be resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). five structural proteins of this virus had been previously reported. the 6 proteins found in this study were: l, a 180,000 (180 kd) molecular weight (mw) large protein; p, 83 kd phosphoprotein; hn, 69 kd hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein; np, 66 kd nucleocapsid protein; f, 55 kd fusion glycoprotein; and m, 38 kd matrix protein. selec ... | 1987 | 2821671 |
| expression of biologically active and antigenically authentic parainfluenza type 3 virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein by a recombinant baculovirus. | the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene of human type 3 parainfluenza virus has been inserted into a baculovirus expression vector under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. hn protein produced in insect cells by the recombinant baculovirus appeared to be glycosylated, was transported to the cell surface, and was biologically active. all of the hn epitopes previously mapped functionally to a region(s) involved in neuraminidase and/or hemagglutination activities were conformationally unalter ... | 1987 | 2821684 |
| nucleotide sequence of the coding and flanking regions of the human parainfluenza virus 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene: comparison with other paramyxoviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of the human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene has been determined using cdna clones derived from both hpiv3 genomic rna and mrna. the hn mrna contains 1,882 nucleotides, not including the poly(a) tail. primer extension experiments were carried out to locate the 5' terminal nucleotide of the hn mrna. the 3' end of the mrna was located at a putative polyadenylation signal. the hpiv3 hn mrna has one large open reading frame that codes for 5 ... | 1987 | 2822598 |
| respiratory viruses in children admitted to hospital in edinburgh 1972-1985. | the temporal incidence of respiratory viruses identified in children admitted to an edinburgh hospital over a period of 14 years, 1972-1985, is described, respiratory syncytial (rs) virus was identified most often, usually (but not in 1979 and 1985) with single peaks of activity in the winter months. influenza virus infections were seen in the winter and spring but we failed to find evidence of interference between rs and influenza virus. of the viruses studied, the parainfluenza viruses were th ... | 1987 | 2822808 |
| expression of the f and hn glycoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3 by recombinant vaccinia viruses: contributions of the individual proteins to host immunity. | cdna clones containing the complete coding sequences for the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein genes were inserted into the thymidine kinase gene of vaccinia virus (wr strain) under the control of the p7.5 early-late vaccinia virus promotor. the recombinant vaccinia viruses, designated vaccinia-f and vaccinia-hn, expressed glycoproteins in cell culture that appeared to be authentic with respect to glycosylation, disulfide linkage ... | 1987 | 2822951 |
| surveillance of respiratory viral infections by rapid immunofluorescence diagnosis, with emphasis on virus interference. | during the 7-year period from september 1978 to august 1985, smear specimens of nasopharyngeal secretions from 3132 patients mainly hospitalized children, taken in different regions in norway, were examined for respiratory viruses by the rapid immunofluorescence (if) technique. a positive diagnosis for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus type 1, 2 and 3 or influenza a and b virus was made for 896 patients (29%). the greatest prevalence for all these viruses was observed during ... | 1987 | 2824225 |
| field trial of a quadrivalent vaccine against calf respiratory disease. | a quadrivalent vaccine containing the killed antigens of respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus type 3, mycoplasma dispar and m bovis, emulsified with an oil adjuvant, was tested for efficacy against naturally occurring calf respiratory disease. three batches of beef cattle aged 12, seven and three weeks at the time of first vaccination were used. within each batch of approximately 100 animals, half were vaccinated subcutaneously on three occasions, three weeks apart and half served as ... | 1987 | 2825397 |
| [status and prospects of the specific prevention of influenza and other ards]. | | 1987 | 2825432 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the human parainfluenza 3 virus genes encoding the surface glycoproteins, f and hn. | the sequence of the genes encoding the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins of the human parainfluenza 3 virus was determined by molecular cloning. the genes were cloned by primer extension using genomic 50 s rna as the template. a series of four overlapping clones was generated from the 3' end of the fusion gene which extended across the gene end and intergenic boundaries of the f-hn and hn-l genes. the f gene extends 1851 nucleotides (inclusive of the putative transcri ... | 1987 | 2825443 |
| approaches to therapy of viral infections. | | 1987 | 2825477 |
| [progress of the campaign against acute respiratory viral diseases in children]. | | 1987 | 2826029 |
| persistent infection of vero cells by paramyxoviruses. a morphological and immunoelectron microscopic investigation. | two vero cell lines persistently infected with canine distemper virus (cdv) or with both cdv and canine parainfluenza (cpi) viruses were investigated. cells in the cpi-cdv cell line were 90-100% positive for cpi antigen and exhibited 10-80% cpi hemadsorption. cytoplasmic cdv antigen expressed in both singly and dually infected monolayers varied weekly from 1 to 100%. numerous cytolytic crises were observed in both cell lines. cell replication was severely depressed in both cell lines when compar ... | 1987 | 2826361 |
| hospital-acquired pneumonia in children: the role of respiratory viruses. | the most frequent agents of pneumonia acquired by children in the hospital are viruses. the characteristics of these nosocomial viral agents differ appreciably from the more classical bacterial nosocomial infections. the viral agents tend to be more contagious, with normal children being as susceptible as the predisposed, high-risk child. the epidemiology of these hospital-acquired infections tends to mimic the patterns of activity of the respiratory viruses in the community. the major causes of ... | 1987 | 2827278 |
| pulmonary infections with respiratory syncytial virus and the parainfluenza viruses. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and the parainfluenza viruses (pivs) are the most important causes of acute lower respiratory illness (lri) in infants and children under 6 years of age. these enveloped viruses are members of the paramyxovirus family. they infect cells in the epithelium lining the trachea and intrapulmonary airways, and cause croup, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and bronchopneumonia. rsv causes annual midwinter to early spring outbreaks of respiratory disease in temperate climates ... | 1987 | 2827280 |
| [infectious respiratory tract diseases in cattle in the winter of 1985/86: detection of infection by bovine respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3 by immunofluorescence in nasal swab samples and by antibody titer increase in serum (elisa)]. | | 1987 | 2827303 |
| nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase genes of human type 3 parainfluenza viruses isolated from 1957 to 1983. | we have sequenced the coding and noncoding regions of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) genes of six clinical strains of human type 3 parainfluenza virus (piv3) isolated between 1973 and 1983, and compared them to the prototype 1957 strain. sequence variability does not result from the accumulation of mutations over time, but represents genetic heterogeneity in hn genes within the piv3 population. most of the nucleotide diversity occurs in the 5' noncoding sequences, exclusive of regions supp ... | 1988 | 2827373 |
| [isolation from ducks of a hypervirulent strain of duck plague virus and an avian type 6 paramyxovirus]. | this paper describes the isolation and identification of a duck plague virus (dp) and a paramyxovirus (pmv6), from the livers and intestines collected in 4-month old mule ducks, under fattening, exhibiting 75% mortality and necrotic-haemorrhagic gross lesions. these viruses were isolated in specific pathogen free (spf) muscovy duck eggs and spf chicken eggs respectively. then the dp virus was adapted to duck and chicken fibroblasts. the disease was reproduced in 2-week old spf muscovy ducklings, ... | 1987 | 2827947 |
| role of individual glycoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3 in the induction of a protective immune response. | affinity-purified hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) glycoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (p13 virus) were used to investigate their role in the induction of a protective immune response following immunization of hamsters. the efficacy of immunization with the glycoprotein antigens was tested by challenge infection. results of virus recovery from lungs and trachea demonstrated that although immunization with hn or f alone induced an antibody response to the respective g ... | 1988 | 2828674 |
| [response of guinea pigs to vaccination with parainfluenza virus 3]. | an inactivated vaccine was prepared with parainfluenza-3 virus strain lq-514 and strains of pasteurella hemolytica and p. multocida, suspended in oil adjuvant. the virus had been isolated from 30-60 day old calves during an epidemic of pneumonia. the vaccine was tested in guinea pigs aged 1 to 2 months. the antibody response and the virus titres in organs after the challenge were the parameters studied. hemagglutination inhibition antibodies were first detected 14 days after vaccination and reac ... | 1985 | 2829271 |
| differences in bovine parainfluenza 3 virus variants studied by sequencing of the genes of viral envelope proteins. | by determining gene nucleotide sequences we compared the primary structures of the membrane (m), fusion (f), and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) proteins of bovine parainfluenza 3 virus strains, m, sc, and mr which are substrains derived from a wild strain yn. the m and sc viruses are indistinguishable in having very weak hemagglutination (ha) and neuraminidase (na) activities, but m virus' syncytium-inducing (si) activity is considerably higher than that of the sc virus. however, the results s ... | 1988 | 2829426 |
| roentgenographic features of common pediatric viral respiratory tract infections. | viral infections of the respiratory tract in infants and children are common. little has been reported on roentgenographic findings associated with infection caused by common viruses other than with respiratory syncytial virus. we studied chest roentgenograms from 128 previously healthy infants and children who were infected with respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus, or adenovirus. four common roentgenographic findings were detected: parahilar peribronchial infiltrat ... | 1988 | 2829619 |
| effect of cloned human interferon-alpha 2a on bovine parainfluenza-3 virus. brief report. | pretreatment of bovine turbinate (btu) cells with cloned human interferon (ifn)-alpha 2a reduced the yield of infectious bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3 v). intracellular synthesis of hn glycoprotein was reduced on postinfection day 1 (pid 1), but it recovered to normal levels subsequently. however, reduction of this protein persisted in the released virus through pid 2. thin section electron microscopy demonstrated a drastically reduced release of mature virions and an accumulation of viral ... | 1988 | 2829793 |
| [detection of antibodies against infectious viral laryngotracheitis and parainfluenza 2 in dogs bred in czechoslovakia]. | a total of 398 blood serums of dogs of various breeds and age categories, coming from 72 places in bohemia and slovakia, were examined for the content of haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibodies to the infectious laryngotracheitis virus (cadv-2) and parainfluenza 2 virus (cpiv-2). out of this total number, 203 serums (51.1%) reacted against cadv-2 in titres from 1:16 to 1:2048 and 115 serums (28.9%) against cpiv-2 in titres from 1:2 to 1:256. the results indicate that the dog population is c ... | 1987 | 2830696 |
| intranasal immunization of hamsters with envelope glycoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3. | envelope glycoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) were selectively solubilized with n-octyl beta-d-glucopyranoside and reconstituted into lipid vesicles by dialysis of the detergent. the efficacy of the glycoprotein preparation as a subunit vaccine when administered to hamsters intranasally or subcutaneously was compared. animals receiving four intranasal immunizations with 5 micrograms of the glycoprotein preparation were completely resistant to challenge infection. only partia ... | 1988 | 2831281 |
| attenuation of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 in nonhuman primates and its ability to confer immunity to human parainfluenza virus type 3 challenge. | bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) was evaluated as a candidate live-virus vaccine to protect against infection with human piv-3. the level of replication of bovine and human piv-3 and the efficacy of immunization with bovine piv-3 in protecting against subsequent challenge with human piv-3 was evaluated in nonhuman primates. the duration and magnitude of replication of human and bovine piv-3 in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of new world monkeys was similar, and animals infected ... | 1988 | 2831282 |
| immunization with vaccinia virus recombinants that express the surface glycoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) protects patas monkeys against piv3 infection. | patas monkeys (eryphrocebus patas) were immunized intradermally with two vaccinia virus recombinants that individually express the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein or the fusion glycoprotein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3). these immunizations induced a high titer of piv3 serum-neutralizing antibodies. at 1 month after immunization, monkeys were challenged intratracheally with piv3. subsequent virus replication was reduced in these monkeys by 3.2 log10 and 1.9 log10 (mean peak ... | 1988 | 2831389 |
| [experiences with the riems vaccine combination pi-3 and riems ibr/ipv vaccines in cattle-raising stock]. | | 1987 | 2831841 |
| sporadic viral myositis in two adults. | | 1987 | 2832046 |
| antigenic heterogeneity in patients with iga nephropathy. | | 1987 | 2832919 |
| [immune response of calves following vaccination with paramyxovirus parainfluenzae-3 and adenovirus-1 under different colostral immunity stresses]. | studied was the immune response of calves, with colostrum antibodies and without colostrum antibodies, immunised with different dosages of live bivalent vaccine against p. parainfluenzae-3 and adenovirus-1. for the group of calves with colostrum immunity, after single hypodermic immunisation with doses from 10(4) till 10(5) cpe50/cm3 for adenovirus, was not proved immune response, as a result of blocking of the vaccinal antigen of colostrum antibodies. for calves which missed these antibodies, t ... | 1987 | 2833005 |
| [the role of virological and serological studies in the diagnosis of acute and exacerbated torpid neuroinfections]. | | 1987 | 2833033 |
| protective effects of monoclonal antibodies against parainfluenza virus type 3-induced brain infection in hamsters. | a collection of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) glycoproteins of parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) was used for passive immunization of intracerebrally infected newborn hamsters. a significant degree of protection was obtained with mabs against both the hn and f viral proteins, but no individual antibody conferred complete protection against disease. mabs against different epitopes provided different degrees of protection. a mab to the se ... | 1988 | 2836547 |
| cell surface expression and orientation in membranes of the 44-amino-acid sh protein of simian virus 5. | antiserum was raised against a synthetic peptide containing the n-terminal hydrophilic domain of the small hydrophobic protein (sh) of simian virus 5 (sv5) and used to characterize properties of the sh protein. sh demonstrated properties of an integral membrane protein. indirect immunofluorescence experiments showed that the protein is involved in the exocytotic pathway, and isolation of plasma membranes from sv5-infected cells showed an enrichment of sh, indicating that sh is transported to the ... | 1988 | 2836617 |
| fixation procedures for retention of cellular morphologic features and for preservation of immunoreactivity of canine paramyxovirus antigens. | the effectiveness of 1% saponin at 55 c (sap), glutaraldehyde-borohydride-saponin (gbs), and modified gbs (mgbs) as fixatives for preserving cellular morphologic features, as well as antigenicity of intracellular and membrane-bound viral proteins of canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv) and canine distemper virus (cdv) was studied. use of the same fixatives for light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical examination also was investigated. by light microscopy, cdv inclusions were readily detect ... | 1988 | 2837114 |
| survey on the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus, bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv-1) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi-3) in ruminants in the djibouti republic. | | 1988 | 2838248 |
| live viral vaccines for respiratory and enteric tract diseases. | in its programme for accelerated development of vaccines for viral respiratory and enteric tract diseases the who has assigned a very high priority to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza viruses and rotaviruses. there is also some interest in alternative approaches to immunization against influenza viruses because of the failure of inactivated vaccines to provide complete and reasonably durable immunity. current attempts to develop satisfactorily attenuated viruses for use in preven ... | 1988 | 2838984 |
| simultaneous infection with respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory pathogens. | the presentation and subsequent course of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis may be atypical and unusually severe when simultaneous infection due to other pathogenic agents is present. during the past two years, nine of the 189 pediatric patients hospitalized with documented rsv infection were found to have the following simultaneous isolates from initial respiratory tract specimens: four adenovirus, four pneumococcus, one cytomegalovirus, and one pneumocystis carinii. noted complic ... | 1988 | 2839976 |
| effect of dietary selenium and vitamin e on the primary and secondary immune response in lambs challenged with parainfluenza3 virus. | this study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary selenium (se) and vitamin e (vit e) on various blood characteristics and the primary and secondary humoral immune response of lambs challenged with parainfluenza3 virus (pi3 v). treatments included: 1) +se/+vit e, 2) -se/+vit e, 3) +se/-vit e and 4) -se/-vit e. the basal diet (-se/-vit e) was deficient in se and vit e. sodium selenite (.2 mg se/kg diet) and alpha-tocopherol acetate (20 mg vit e/kg diet) were added to +se and +vit e diet ... | 1988 | 2840427 |
| mycoplasma pneumoniae and other pathogens in the aetiology of lower respiratory tract infections among japanese children. | the causes of lower respiratory tract infections in 1544 children attending a japanese hospital over a period of 7 years were investigated. both cultivation and two serological techniques were used to detect mycoplasma pneumoniae whereas viral involvement was investigated only by serology. pathogens were identified in 52% of 1175 patients with pneumonia and 36% of 369 patients without pneumonia. mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was specifically diagnosed in 414 (26.8%) of the 1544 patients. respi ... | 1988 | 2840466 |
| diagnosis of viral pneumonia. | the diagnosis of viral pneumonia has changed during the past decade from a purely clinical diagnosis to one that is both clinical and laboratory in nature. viral pneumonias can be divided into two clinical groups: the so-called "atypical" pneumonias in otherwise normal hosts, and viral pneumonitis in the immunocompromised host. clinical factors such as patient age, immune status, time of year, illness in other family members, community outbreaks, onset, severity, duration of symptoms, and the pr ... | 1988 | 2840725 |
| a comparison of the bovine leukemia and bovine syncytial virus status in utero-tubal cells recovered from fluids used to flush the uterus and oviducts of blv-infected, superovulated cattle. | twenty-four cell lines were established from uterine-oviductal flush fluid (uoff) cells from 20 bovine leukosis virus (blv)-infected embryo-donor cows and 4 blv-free control cows harvested by the ficoll-gradient technique. similar epithelial-like and fibroblast-like cells were observed in the primary cultures of uoff from both groups. blv-antigens were not detected with direct immunofluorescence test in any of the cell-lines from the 20 positive blv-cows but a positive reaction was observed with ... | 1988 | 2840845 |
| comparison between parainfluenza virus type 2 and simian virus 5: monoclonal antibodies reveal major antigenic differences. | marked differences in the apparent mrs of the hn, np and f proteins of simian virus 5 (sv5) and parainfluenza virus type 2 (pf-2) were revealed by sds-page. to examine the antigenic relationships between sv5, pf-2 and other paramyxoviruses, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to pf-2 were isolated. these antibodies had specificities for the hn, np and p proteins and together with 54 mabs to sv5 were tested for their ability to react with sv5, pf-2, pf-3, mumps and measles virus proteins. most ... | 1988 | 2841416 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the human parainfluenza 3 virus gene encoding the l protein. | the sequence of the gene encoding the l protein of the human parainfluenza 3 virus was determined by direct dideoxy sequence analysis of the genomic 50 s rna and confirmed by molecular cloning and sequence analysis of recombinant clones. a series of three overlapping clones was generated by primer extension using genomic 50 s rna as the template. these clones originate within the 5' end of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene, span the entire l gene, and extend into the extracistronic 5' end of ... | 1988 | 2841798 |
| current approaches to the development of vaccines effective against parainfluenza viruses. | infection of infants and children with parainfluenza viruses can lead to serious lower respiratory tract disease. in order to review new information on the genetic organization, epidemiology, and immunobiology of these viruses and of respiratory syncytial virus, who, in conjunction with the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases, held a workshop in bethesda, md, usa, 4-5 may 1987. new data on the immunobiology and epidemiology of human parainfluenza 3 virus were presented that sho ... | 1988 | 2844427 |
| rabbit model for mucosal immunity in the bowel: i. establishment of virus-infected ileal loops. | an animal model was designed for use in studies of initial cellular immune responses to virus infection of the intestinal mucosa. the animal chosen was the new zealand white rabbit and the mucosal site the subterminal ileum, isolated in a thirty-vella loop. the antigen used was parainfluenzavirus type 3, which would normally be destroyed by bile salts if ingested. loops approximately 20 cm in length, each containing at least one peyer's patch, were exteriorised through left paramedian stomata. a ... | 1988 | 2844978 |
| contribution of rhinoviruses to respiratory viral infections in childhood: a prospective study in a mainly hospitalized infant population. | a prospective study was carried out to investigate the contribution of rhinoviruses to respiratory viral infections in children and to investigate the influence of age, passive smoking, and educational level of the head of the family on the clinical course of viral respiratory disease. nasopharyngeal aspirates from 519 infants (90.8% inpatients, 9.2% outpatients) were screened for the presence of rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenoviruses, parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, 3, in ... | 1988 | 2844986 |
| role of ureaplasma urealyticum and other pathogens in the development of chronic lung disease of prematurity. | a prospective cohort study enrolling 107 infants weighing less than 1250 g was conducted between september 1, 1986, and november 15, 1987 in order to determine the role of microorganisms on the development of chronic lung disease (cld). ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated significantly more frequently from gastric aspirates and nasopharyngeal or endotracheal aspirates from 43 infants developing cld than from 56 who did not (51% vs. 16%; p less than 0.005). infants developing cld, defined by radi ... | 1988 | 2845345 |
| current approaches to the development of vaccines effective against parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial viruses. | vaccines against parainfluenza (piv) and respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv) that are currently being developed include both live and subunit vaccines. candidate live piv vaccines that have been found to be attenuated and efficacious in rodents or primate models are (1) cold-adapted, temperature-sensitive mutants of piv-type 3 that have been serially passaged at low temperature (20 degrees c) in simian kidney tissue culture; (2) protease-activation mutants (piv-1-sendai), which have mutations th ... | 1988 | 2845680 |
| upper respiratory tract infection and serum antibody responses in nursing home patients. | residents of a veterans administration nursing home care unit (nhcu) were observed for the development of upper respiratory tract infection (uri) during 12 consecutive months to determine the frequency of sporadic cases or outbreaks of uri and to characterize them clinically and by laboratory means. fifty-nine episodes of uri occurred in 56 residents during the study period. serologic testing or virus isolation proved or suggested an etiologic agent on 22 occasions. uri was more common in late f ... | 1988 | 2847597 |
| serologic study of febrile upper respiratory tract infections in adults. | we prospectively studied serum antiviral antibody response in adult patients with febrile upper respiratory tract infections. paired sera were obtained in 158 patients from january 1982 to december 1983. eighteen patients (11.4 percent) showed a significant antibody rise in the convalescent phase of the disease compared to the acute phase. significant antibody rise was observed against all viruses examined: influenza viruses type a and b, adenovirus type 3, respiratory syncytial virus, and parai ... | 1988 | 2848145 |
| [clinico-immunocytological characteristics of mixed cytomegalovirus and respiratory virus infection in young children]. | | 1988 | 2849085 |
| interactions of a nonneutralizing igm antibody and complement in parainfluenza virus neutralization. | while many viruses activate the complement cascade directly, this is generally not a neutralizing event in the absence of antibody. we used a nonneutralizing igm monoclonal antibody to parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) to explore the role of antibody in complement-dependent neutralization of piv3. neither the antibody nor nonimmune guinea pig serum (gps) neutralized piv3 significantly, but a more than 100-fold reduction in titer was found when antibody and gps we ... | 1988 | 2849234 |
| antibodies to parainfluenza virus type 3 in minnesota swine. | | 1988 | 2849496 |
| viral etiology and epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children in nairobi, kenya. | acute respiratory infection (ari) is the most common cause of illness and death in young children worldwide. because of inadequate laboratory facilities and financial resources the etiological agents responsible for most cases in developing countries remain unknown, thus obviating appropriate management. therefore, an ari program was commenced at the kenyatta national hospital, nairobi, kenya in 1981 with the objectives of establishing the microbial causes, clinical presentations, and diagnoses ... | 1988 | 2849887 |
| antiviral therapy with small particle aerosols. | the generation and use of small particle aqueous aerosols (1.23 microns aerodynamic mass median diameter, gsd = 2.0 microns) containing ribavirin is described. administered via aerosol, ribavirin will be deposited rather uniformly on the surface of the nasopharynx, the tracheobronchial tree and in the pulmonary area. examples of aerosol-delivered dosages found to be effective in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection and influenza a and b virus infections are as follows: 12.8 mg ... | 1988 | 2850911 |
| [etiology of pneumonia in children]. | | 1988 | 2851127 |
| antigen detection in the diagnosis of viral infections. | the value of viral antigen detection from nasopharyngeal secretion (nps) by enzyme immunoassay (eia) in everyday clinical practice was evaluated in 570 children hospitalized because of infections. nps-eia gave a positive result in 32% of all cases. virus isolation was positive in the nps in 25%, virus isolation in stool samples in 14%, and virus serology in 28% of the cases. nps-eia was superior for detecting adenovirus, respiratory syncytial (rs) and parainfluenza viruses. in a series of 124 pa ... | 1988 | 2851878 |
| [indices of local antiviral immunity in patients with chronic bronchitis]. | the importance of identification of secretory antiviral antibodies for immunodiagnosis of viral infection in patients with chronic bronchitis was shown. a considerable decrease in the concentration of a secretory form of iga was noted in patients with chronic bronchitis. | 1988 | 2853456 |
| the clinical observation of m. pneumoniae infections among children in asahi general hospital with special reference to mixed viral infections. | | 1988 | 2854699 |
| bovine parainfluenza-3 virus proteins recognized by antibodies of aerosol-exposed calves. | bovine parainfluenza-3 (bpi-3) virus proteins were radiolabeled with [35s]methionine. control serum containing antibodies to bpi-3 virus obtained from calves that had been immunized by aerosol exposure and by im inoculation and sera of cattle that were exposed to bpi-3 virus by aerosol only were used to immunoprecipitate bpi-3 virus proteins. the immunoprecipitates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. viral proteins with estimated molecular weights of 72,00 ... | 1988 | 2854712 |
| [pathogenicity of parainfluenza virus type 3 in mice]. | | 1988 | 2855381 |
| [viral participation in acute lower respiratory infections in infants]. | | 1988 | 2856196 |
| the disinfection of respiratory syncytial virus by isopropanol and a chlorhexidine-detergent handwash. | two of the products commonly used to disinfect the hands of nursing staff are 70% isopropanol and aqueous chlorhexidine-detergent solutions. these have been shown to rapidly destroy respiratory syncytial virus, and are therefore suitable for use where contagious spread of this virus is suspected. the virucidal component of the chlorhexidine-detergent preparation has been shown to be primarily the detergent base and not the chlorhexidine. | 1985 | 2859328 |
| natural variability of respiratory-syncytial viruses, their interference and reproduction characteristics. | over a 5-year observation period in a children-institution community, the severity of respiratory-syncytial (rs) virus infection varied within a broad range depending on biological properties of the circulating virus population. the type of virus population was characterized by a complex of biological features, namely, the extent of their reproduction and interference in tissue cultures of different origin at optimal incubation temperature. the dynamics of genetic alterations in respect to these ... | 1985 | 2864830 |
| past pets and paget's disease. | there is strong morphological evidence that paget's disease is caused by a chronic focal paramyxovirus infection of osteoclasts, but the source of this virus and the reason for the wide variation in the incidence of the disease are unknown. the infection may be a zoonosis, with a domestic animal as the usual host. past exposure to pets was studied in 50 patients with paget's disease and 50 age and sex matched control subjects with diabetes mellitus. dog ownership was significantly more common in ... | 1985 | 2865421 |
| cytotoxic lymphocytes in the lungs of mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) developed cytotoxic lymphocytes in the lungs, which lysed rsv-infected, but not uninfected cells. cytotoxic activity was greatest 7 to 9 days after infection, was virus-specific, mhc-restricted and abolished by treatment of lymphocytes with anti-thy 1.2 or with anti-lyt 2.2 sera and complement. there was a close temporal relationship between the appearance of these cytotoxic lymphocytes in the lung and clearance of virus. in contrast, rsv pers ... | 1985 | 2866227 |
| dynamics of some genetic marker changes of respiratory-syncytial virus strains circulating among nursery-school children. | respiratory-syncytial (rs) virus strains circulating during several years appeared polymorphic in respect of two genetic markers: the regression coefficient of infectious activity (rcia39) characterizing the isolates by their reproduction in tissue cultures at supraoptimal temperature (39 degrees c) and the regression coefficient of neutralization indices (rcni) characterizing the degree of sensitivity of the strains to antibodies. high-yield rs viruses were more often isolated from children fre ... | 1986 | 2871732 |
| simultaneous infection with bordetella pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized children. | we compared three groups of hospitalized children with bordetella pertussis infection, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and dual b. pertussis/rsv infections in an effort to establish clinical and laboratory criteria by which to distinguish children with dual infections from children infected with either organism alone. the groups were compared for admission laboratory data, history of present illness, perinatal history and immunization history. children with pertussis were more likely ... | 1986 | 2876415 |
| biochemistry and clinical applications of ribavirin. | | 1986 | 2876677 |
| complete sequence of the major nucleocapsid protein gene of human parainfluenza type 3 virus: comparison with other negative strand viruses. | the sequence of the major nucleocapsid protein (np) mrna and its encoded protein were deduced by sequencing a cdna clone representing the complete mrna. the cdna sequence was confirmed by dideoxynucleotide sequencing of purified viral genomic rna by primer extension using synthetic oligonucleotides. the np mrna contains 1,641 nucleotides exclusive of poly(a) and encodes an np protein of 515 amino acids. alignment of the human parainfluenza type 3 virus (pf3) np protein sequence with that of send ... | 1986 | 2878059 |
| sequence analysis of the matrix protein gene of human parainfluenza virus type 3: extensive sequence homology among paramyxoviruses. | the sequences of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) matrix (m) mrna [1150 nucleotides exclusive of poly(a)] and predicted m protein (353 amino acids) were determined by sequence analysis of cloned cdna and viral genomic rna. the gene-end sequence of the m gene differed from the semi-conserved gene-end sequence of the other piv3 genes by an apparent insertion of eight nucleotides. the piv3 m protein shared high sequence homology with sendai virus and moderate homology with measles virus ... | 1987 | 2883252 |
| cell-mediated cytotoxic response to respiratory syncytial virus in infants with bronchiolitis. | a cell-mediated cytotoxic response to respiratory syncytial (rsv) was demonstrated in the peripheral blood of 4 of 22 infants with acute bronchiolitis. these 4 infants were aged 3 weeks to 3 months. no such response was found in infants older than 4 months. all 4 infants with a positive response had mild infections. | 1987 | 2888988 |
| rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus in clinical specimens. | results of the direct immunofluorescence (if) test in 152 clinical specimens (throat swabs) were compared with those of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) isolation. the prevalence of rsv infections in the upper and lower respiratory tract was high especially in infants until 12 months of age. the average rsv isolation rate was 18.42%, whereas the virus antigen detection was positive in 19.74% of cases. the agreement between virus isolation and direct if was 92.1%, the sensitivity of if being 82. ... | 1987 | 2891280 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in adult bone marrow transplant recipients. | | 1988 | 2898070 |
| seal vaccination success. | | 1989 | 2909890 |
| fatal respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis in a previously healthy child. | | 1989 | 2913902 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-specific antibody responses in immunoglobulin a and e isotypes to the f and g proteins and to intact virus after natural infection. | we studied the antibody response to the fusion (f) and attachment (g) proteins of respiratory syncytial virus and to purified intact virus in the respiratory secretions of 29 infants and children. the goal of the study was to determine whether the immune response to either of the glycoproteins occurred predominantly in the immunoglobulin a (iga) as opposed to the ige isotype, which would indicate that one protein subunit would be a better candidate as a potential vaccine. antibody responses were ... | 1989 | 2915022 |
| respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected man. | | 1989 | 2915431 |