| laboratory characteristics of four strains of goatpox virus. | significant differences were found between four strains of goatpox virus isolated from goats in egypt, iraq, iran and the u.s.s.r., namely in their growth behaviour in embryonated eggs, ceiling temperature, plaque characteristics in cell culture, heat resistance and in the degree of inhibition of their replication by actinomycin d and bromodeoxyuridine. all the strains studied had morphologically similar virions and induced type a v- inclusions. they were uncapable to produce haemagglutinins in ... | 1979 | 94766 |
| cytopathogenicity and neutralization of goatpox virus in cell culture. | | 1970 | 5499311 |
| a vero cell-attenuated goatpox virus provides protection against virulent virus challenge. | an indian isolate of goatpox virus (gtpv) was adapted and propagated in vero cells for development of an attenuated virus. the virus was initially passaged in primary lamb testes cells and subsequently in vero cells. at the 55th passage, the virus showed evidence of attenuation when tested for safety in seronegative goats. at this stage, the virus was found to be completely non-pathogenic. the virus was passaged further and the 60th passage was used for testing its immunogenicity in goats. the l ... | 2004 | 15230470 |
| capripoxvirus tissue tropism and shedding: a quantitative study in experimentally infected sheep and goats. | sheeppox virus and goatpox virus cause systemic disease in sheep and goats that is often associated with high morbidity and high mortality. to increase understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases, we undertook quantitative time-course studies in sheep and goats following intradermal inoculation of nigerian sheeppox virus or indian goatpox virus in their respective homologous hosts. viremia, determined by virus isolation and real-time pcr, cleared within 2 to 3 weeks post inoculation. pea ... | 2008 | 17988703 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of plant extracts on goatpox virus replication. | four plants having known medicinal properties were screened for inhibition of goatpox virus (gtpv) replication in vitro. of the 4 plants, extract of acacia arabica (babul) and eugenia jambolana (jamun) leaves had inhibition (%) 99.70 and 99.92 at their maximum non toxic concentrations, 99.93 +/- 0.38 and 1999.73 +/- 0.50 microg/ml, respectively in all cytopathic effect (cpe) inhibition assays. inhibition of gtpv virus replication was further confirmed by pcr and sybr green based quantitative rea ... | 2008 | 18335810 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of semliki forest virus replicon-based dna vaccines encoding goatpox virus structural proteins. | goatpox, caused by goatpox virus (gtpv), is an acute feverish and contagious disease in goats often associated with high morbidity and high mortality. to resolve potential safety risks and vaccination side effects of existing live attenuated goatpox vaccine (av41), two semliki forest virus (sfv) replicon-based bicistronic expression dna vaccines (pcsm-aal and pcsm-baa) which encode gtpv structural proteins corresponding to the vaccinia virus proteins a27, l1, a33, and b5, respectively, were cons ... | 2009 | 19559453 |
| expression of p32 protein of goatpox virus in pichia pastoris and its potential use as a diagnostic antigen in elisa. | the present study was undertaken to express goatpox virus (gtpv) p32 protein in pichia pastoris and evaluate its potential use as a diagnostic antigen in elisa. the amplified p32 gene of gtpv was cloned into ppiczalphaa vector and characterized by pcr, restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing. the characterized linear recombinant plasmids were transformed in pichia host gsii5 strain by electroporation and the zeocin resistant pichia transformant containing p32 gene was selected and confirmed ... | 2009 | 19733197 |
| a description of two outbreaks of capripoxvirus disease in mongolia. | mongolia had no reported cases of capripoxvirus disease from 1977 until an outbreak of sheeppox in 2006-2007 and then goatpox in 2008. the two outbreaks occurred in geographically distant areas of mongolia and, most strikingly, were highly species-specific. the 2006-2007 sheeppox outbreak affected no goats and the 2008 goatpox outbreak affected no sheep despite communal herding. the diseases were diagnosed using the polymerase chain reaction and virus neutralisation test. the p32 gene of the mon ... | 2010 | 19939588 |
| molecular detection of a mixed infection of goatpox virus, orf virus, and mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae in goats. | the current study investigated an outbreak of mixed infection with goatpox virus (gtpv), orf virus (orfv), and mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (mccp) that occurred on a chinese goat farm, with a case fatality rate of 60.2%. the observed clinical signs were ecthyma and accelerated respiration with frequent coughing. specific fragments of the p32 gene of gtpv, b2l gene of orfv, and 16s ribosomal rna gene of mccp were synchronously amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from the ... | 2011 | 21908324 |
| phylogenetic analysis of chinese sheeppox and goatpox virus isolates. | abstract: background: sheeppox virus (sppv) and goatpox virus (gtpv), members of the capripoxvirus genus of the poxviridae family are causative agents of sheep pox and goat pox respectively, which are important contagious diseases and endemic in central and northern africa, the middle and far east, and the indian sub-continent. both sheep pox and goat pox can cause wool and hide damage, and reduce the production of mutton and milk, which may result in significant economic losses and threaten th ... | 2012 | 22264255 |
| capripox outbreak in a mixed flock of sheep and goats in india. | generally, capripoxvirus infections are host specific in nature and occasionally infect more than one species. in this study, an investigation was carried out from an outbreak of capripox in a mixed flock of sheep and goats which occurred in 2013 in the state of jammu & kashmir. the genetic analysis of p32, rpo30 and gpcr genes revealed that both goats and sheep were infected with goatpox virus. | 2017 | 28028940 |
| complete genome sequence of the goatpox virus strain gorgan obtained directly from a commercial live attenuated vaccine. | this is a report of the complete genome sequence of the goatpox virus strain gorgan, which was obtained directly from a commercial live attenuated vaccine (caprivac, jordan bio-industries centre). | 2016 | 27738031 |
| detection of peste des petits ruminants virus and goatpox virus from an outbreak in goats with high mortality in meghalaya state, india. | we describe a laboratory investigation carried out to confirm the etiology of the heavy mortality (37 animals died out of total 44, i.e. 84%) in goats in ri-bhoi district of meghalaya, northeast region of india in december 2015. the clinical signs observed were abortion, diarrhea, high fever (up to 104°f), pox lesion in the skin, and respiratory distress. | 2016 | 27733807 |
| infection of goats with goatpox virus triggers host antiviral defense through activation of innate immune signaling. | goatpox, caused by goatpox virus (gtpv), is one of the most serious infectious diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality in goats. however, little is known about involvement of host innate immunity during the gtpv infection. for this, goats were experimentally infected with gtpv. the results showed that gtpv infection significantly induced mrna expression of type i interferon (ifn)-α and ifn-β in peripheral blood lymphocytes, spleen and lung. in addition, gtpv infection enhanced expr ... | 2016 | 26850535 |
| molecular characterization of indian sheeppox and goatpox viruses based on rpo30 and gpcr genes. | sheeppox and goatpox are economically important diseases of small ruminants caused by sheeppox virus (sppv) and goatpox virus (gtpv), respectively. although sppv and gtpv have host preference, some strains may infect both sheep and goats. as capripox viruses (sppv, gtpv and lsdv) are antigenically related but genetically distinct, their differentiation requires analysis at molecular level. in the present study, rpo30 and gpcr genes of eight indian sppv and gtpv isolates were pcr amplified, clone ... | 2014 | 24952423 |
| differential diagnosis of goatpox virus in taiwan by multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay and high-resolution melt analysis. | the a32l gene from a goatpox virus (gtpv) strain isolated from a goat in yunlin county (taiwan) displays several substitutions compared with the sequence of the kenyan gtpv vaccine strain sgp0240 and the pellor gtpv strain. samples from the skin lesions on 6 goats with gtpv infection or from goats with orf virus (orfv) infection were tested in a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) system that used primers gpf, gpr1, and gpr2 as well as previously published primers specific for orfv. these ... | 2014 | 24567543 |
| multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection and differentiation of sheeppox, goatpox and orf viruses from clinical samples of sheep and goats. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mpcr) was developed and evaluated for detection of pox viral infections simultaneously using clinical samples from sheep and goats. specific primers for three pox viruses of sheep and goats including sheeppox virus (sppv), goatpox virus (gtpv) and orf virus (orfv) were designed targeting conserved sequences of the dna binding phosphoprotein (i3l) coding gene of capripoxvirus (capv) and the dna polymerase (e9l) gene of parapoxvirus for identification of thes ... | 2014 | 24134940 |
| rapid detection of orf virus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification based on the dna polymerase gene. | at present, there are no effective antiviral treatments available for contagious ecthyma, and rapid diagnosis is therefore critical for effective control of the disease. recently, the invention of a novel lamp technique that can rapidly amplify nucleic acids with high specificity and sensitivity under isothermal conditions has overcome some of the deficiencies of nucleic acid-based diagnostic tests and has made on-site diagnosis possible. to establish a flexible loop-mediated isothermal amplific ... | 2013 | 23183830 |
| rna interference targeting virion core protein orf095 inhibits goatpox virus replication in vero cells. | goatpox is an economically important disease in goat and sheep-producing areas of the world. many vaccine strategies developed to control the disease are not yet completely successful. hairpin expression vectors have been used to induce gene silencing in a large number of studies on viruses. however, none of these studies has been attempted to study gtpv. in the interest of exploiting improved methods to control goat pox, it is participated that rnai may provide effective protection against gtpv ... | 2012 | 22340205 |
| goatpox outbreak at a high altitude goat farm of mizoram: possibility of wild life spill over to domestic goat population. | in this study, pox-like outbreaks in goat population was investigated that occurred in a high altitude goat farm located in mizoram, a hilly state of north eastern india. the outbreak initially involved the serows, an wild animal belonging to the family bovidae, subfamily caprinae and genus capricornis, the state animal of mizoram. later, the disease affected the domestic goat population. the disease was diagnosed on the basis of gross lesions and pcr amplification of partial p32 gene of capripo ... | 2018 | 30539063 |
| complete genome sequence analysis of goatpox virus isolated from china shows high variation. | goatpox virus (gtpv), a member of the capripoxvirus genus of the poxviridae family, is the causative agent of variolo caprina (goatpox). gtpv can cause significant economic losses of domestic ruminants in endemic regions and can threaten breeding stocks. in this study, we report on the compilation of the complete genomic sequence of an isolated gtpv field strain fz (gtpv_fz). the 150,194bp gtpv genome consists of a central coding region bounded by two identical 2301bp inverted terminal repeats a ... | 2014 | 25113672 |
| [characterization of a recombinant goatpox virus expressing orfv f1l gene]. | in order to establish the vaccine against the contagious ecthyma, we constructed and characterized recombinant goatpox virus expressing f1l protein of orf virus. | 2014 | 25252463 |
| capripox disease in ethiopia: genetic differences between field isolates and vaccine strain, and implications for vaccination failure. | sheeppox virus (sppv), goatpox virus (gtpv) and lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv) of the genus capripoxvirus (capv) cause capripox disease in sheep, goats and cattle, respectively. these viruses are not strictly host-specific and their geographical distribution is complex. in ethiopia, where sheep, goats and cattle are all affected, a live attenuated vaccine strain (ks1-o180) is used for immunization of both small ruminants and cattle. although occurrences of the disease in vaccinated cattle are f ... | 2015 | 25907637 |
| immunogenicity of the capsid precursor and a nine-amino-acid site-directed mutant of the 3c protease of foot-and-mouth disease virus coexpressed by a recombinant goatpox virus. | the myristoylated capsid precursor mp1-2a of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), when expressed in mammalian cells and processed by the fmdv 3c protease, can self-assemble into virus-like particles (vlps). in the present study, nine amino acids of the 3c protease were replaced by site-directed mutagenesis to create a mutant 3c protease, 9m3c. to coexpress mp1-2a and 9m3c and test the resulting proteolytic processing and vlp assembly, two recombinant goatpox viruses (rgtpvs) were constructed by ... | 2014 | 24473707 |
| a novel hrm assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of eight poxviruses of medical and veterinary importance. | poxviruses belonging to the orthopoxvirus, capripoxvirus and parapoxvirus genera share common host species and create a challenge for diagnosis. here, we developed a novel multiplex pcr method for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of eight poxviruses, belonging to three genera: cowpox virus (cpxv) and camelpox virus (cmlv) [genus orthopoxvirus]; goatpox virus (gtpv), sheeppox virus (sppv) and lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv) [genus capripoxvirus]; orf virus (orfv), pseudocowpox virus ... | 2017 | 28216667 |
| taqman based real-time duplex pcr for simultaneous detection and quantitation of capripox and orf virus genomes in clinical samples. | a rapid and sensitive taqman based real-time duplex pcr (drt-pcr) assay for simultaneous detection, differentiation and quantitation of capripoxvirus (capv) and orf virus (orfv) dna, was optimized targeting the highly conserved dna polymerase genes of these virus genomes. two pairs of oligonucleotide primers and two hybridization probes labeled with cy5/bhq1 and hex/bhq1 for capv and orfv, respectively, were used in the drt-pcr assay. the assay was found to be specific only to targeted viruses a ... | 2014 | 24552953 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant major envelope protein (rh3l) of buffalopox virus in animal models. | buffalopox virus, a zoonotic indian vaccinia-like virus, is responsible for contagious disease affecting mainly buffaloes, cattle and humans. h3l gene, encoding for an immunodominant major envelope protein of intracellular mature virion of orthopoxviruses, is highly conserved and found to elicit neutralizing antibodies. therefore in the present study, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the recombinant h3l protein of buffalopox virus in laboratory animal models has been evaluated. a pa ... | 2016 | 26723250 |
| development of multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection and differentiation of six dna and rna viruses from clinical samples of sheep and goats. | multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and pcr protocols were developed and subsequently evaluated for its effectiveness in detecting simultaneously single and mixed infections in sheep and goats. specific primers for three dna viruses and three rna viruses, including foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv), bluetongue virus (btv), peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv), sheeppox virus (sppv), goatpox virus (gtpv) and orf virus (orfv) were used for testing procedure. a s ... | 2017 | 28111057 |
| differentiation of sheeppox and goatpox viruses by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. | in the present study, the partial gene sequences of p32 protein, an immunogenic envelope protein of capripoxviruses (capv), were analyzed to assess the genetic relationship among sheeppox and goatpox virus isolates, and restriction enzyme specific pcr-rflp was developed to differentiate capv strains. a total of six goatpox virus (gtpv) and nine sheeppox virus (sppv) isolates of indian origin were included in the sequence analysis of the attachment gene. the sequence analysis revealed a high degr ... | 2012 | 23271576 |
| identification of an intergenic region that is not essential for replication of goatpox virus. | a recombinant goatpox virus was constructed in which an enhanced green fluorescent protein gene was inserted under the control of the 11k late promoter, a guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene was inserted under the control of the 7.5k early/late promoter, and exogenous genes were inserted into an intergenic region between loci gp_24 and gp_24.5 of the recombinant genome. analysis of protein expression showed that lt cells infected with only the recombinant virus produced specific fluorescence. ... | 2010 | 20496086 |
| comparative efficacy of conventional and taqman polymerase chain reaction assays in the detection of capripoxviruses from clinical samples. | sheeppox and goatpox are economically important viral diseases of sheep and goats, respectively. both diseases are reportable to the world organization for animal health. to implement a control and eradication program for these diseases, a rapid and user-friendly diagnostic tool is imperative for screening. therefore, in the present study, taqman quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) and conventional pcr assays targeting the dna polymerase (dna pol) gene were developed for the detection ... | 2009 | 19286502 |
| detection of antibodies against capripoxviruses using an inactivated sheeppox virus elisa. | an indirect elisa was developed to detect antibodies specific for capripoxviruses in goat, sheep and cattle sera. heat-inactivated nigerian sheeppox virus was used as the elisa antigen. sera obtained from sheep and goats that were experimentally infected with different capripoxvirus isolates were used to develop and evaluate the sensitivity of the elisa. virus neutralization indexes were determined for the experimental sera in oa3.ts cells. the specificity of the elisa was determined using 231 s ... | 2009 | 19281604 |
| yemen and vietnam capripoxviruses demonstrate a distinct host preference for goats compared with sheep. | sheeppox and goatpox are caused by viruses that are members of the genus capripoxvirus, and globally result in significant production losses. to improve the understanding of disease pathogenesis and evaluate host species preferences, sheep and goats were inoculated either with a capripoxvirus isolate from yemen or from a recent outbreak in vietnam. blood, swabs and tissues were collected at various time points following experimental challenge and assessed for viral dna content using real-time pc ... | 2009 | 19088279 |
| the genomes of sheeppox and goatpox viruses. | sheeppox virus (sppv) and goatpox virus (gtpv), members of the capripoxvirus genus of the poxviridae, are etiologic agents of important diseases of sheep and goats in northern and central africa, southwest and central asia, and the indian subcontinent. here we report the genomic sequence and comparative analysis of five sppv and gtpv isolates, including three pathogenic field isolates and two attenuated vaccine viruses. sppv and gtpv genomes are approximately 150 kbp and are strikingly similar t ... | 2002 | 12021338 |
| evidence of transmission of goatpox between domestic goats and wild himalayan goral (naemorhedus goral) in arunachal pradesh, india. | examination of carcasses of himalayan goral (naemorhedus goral) revealed nodular, pox-like eruptions in the skin. similar disease was also seen in domestic goats (capra aegagrus hircus) in the same area. goatpox virus was identified as the etiology of the disease in both cases, with probable transmission between the species. | 2021 | 33822163 |
| an outbreak of goatpox virus infection in wild red serow (capricornis rubidus) in mizoram, india. | goatpox virus (gtpv) belongs to the genus capripoxvirus associated with characteristic clinical lesions in fully susceptible breeds of sheep and goats. to date, there is no report of outbreaks of gtpv infection in any wild animals. this study reports the outbreak of gtpv infection in wild red serow (capricornis rubidus.) in mizoram, india. a total of 113 wild serow carcasses were recovered from seven districts of mizoram between may 2015 to october 2016. a postmortem revealed presumptive pox-lik ... | 2019 | 30126058 |
| modification of two capripoxvirus quantitative real-time pcr assays to improve diagnostic sensitivity and include beta-actin as an internal positive control. | capripoxviruses (capvs), consisting of sheeppox virus (spv), goatpox virus (gpv), and lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv) species, cause economically significant diseases in sheep, goats, and cattle, respectively. quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assays are routinely used for rapid detection of capvs in surveillance and outbreak management programs. we further modified and optimized 2 previously published capv qpcr assays, referred to as the balinsky and bowden assays, by chan ... | 2017 | 28430087 |
| development of real-time and lateral flow dipstick recombinase polymerase amplification assays for rapid detection of goatpox virus and sheeppox virus. | goatpox virus (gtpv) and sheeppox virus (sppv), which belong to the capripoxvirus (capv), are economically important pathogens of small ruminants. therefore, a sensitive, specific and rapid diagnostic assay for detection of gtpv and sppv is necessary to accurately and promptly control these diseases. | 2017 | 28716095 |
| development of duplex pcr for differential detection of goatpox and sheeppox viruses. | clinically, sheeppox and goatpox have the same symptoms and cannot be distinguished serologically. a cheaper and easy method for differential diagnosis is important in control of this disease in endemic region. | 2017 | 28859636 |