Publications

characterization of a glycerol kinase mutant of aspergillus niger.	a glycerol-kinase-deficient mutant of aspergillus niger was isolated. genetic analysis revealed that the mutation is located on linkage group vi. the phenotype of this mutant differed from that of a glycerol kinase mutant of aspergillus nidulans in its ability to utilize dihydroxyacetone (dha). the weak growth on glycerol of the a. niger glycerol kinase mutant showed that glycerol phosphorylation is an important step in glycerol catabolism. the mutant could still grow normally on dha because of ...	1990	2230717
chromatography and generation of specific antisera to synthetic peptides from a protective boophilus microplus antigen.	four oligopeptides corresponding to predicted antigenic regions of the protective bm86 glycoprotein of the cattle tick boophilus microplus were synthesized and purified. three were conjugated to carrier proteins and antisera raised in rabbits and cows. all elicited antipeptide antibodies that recognized bm86 and recombinant derived products in western blots; however, only one produced antiserum capable of recognizing native bm86 in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. ticks fed in vitro on this ...	1990	2229227
a mutation which modifies the activity of a translational suppressor in aspergillus nidulans.	a third type of translational fidelity mutation has been induced in aspergillus nidulans. the new mutation enhances growth, in suppressing conditions, of a strain containing suppressor suac109 and antisuppressor asud14 and is called alob8 for its allosuppressor activity. compared with the progenitor strain (asud14, suac109), ribosomes from the new mutant (alob8, asud14, suac109) increase misincorporation of leucine in a poly(u)-dependent homologous cell-free assay. the misreading level is mainta ...	1990	2207157
isolation and characterisation of the crna-niia-niad gene cluster for nitrate assimilation in aspergillus nidulans.	genomic clones containing the entire crna-niia-niad gene cluster of aspergillus nidulans have been isolated, and the structures of the niia and niad genes have been determined by nucleotide sequence analysis. this gene cluster is required for the assimilation of nitrate in a. nidulans, and the three genes encode a product required for nitrate uptake and the enzymes, nitrite reductase and nitrate reductase, respectively. the putative coding sequences, as deduced by comparison to cdna clones of bo ...	1990	2205530
on the validation of the system of aspergillus for testing environmental aneugens.		1990	2203009
p-fluoro-phenylalanine resistance in aspergillus nidulans diploid cells: evidence that dominant, lethal mutations are involved.	an unexpectedly large number of p-fluoro-phenylalanine (fpa)-resistant mutants have been recovered after uv-irradiation of wild type diploid conidia of aspergillus nidulans. at least five different classes of mutants, possibly corresponding to five different loci, have been identified. two of them may be the dominant loci which have already been described but the others (a minimum of three loci) are completely different. mutations in these loci confer high level fpa resistance in the heterozygou ...	1990	2202526
an inversion truncating the crea gene of aspergillus nidulans results in carbon catabolite derepression.	the cread-30 mutation leading to carbon catabolite derepression in aspergillus nidulans is a pericentric inversion, having one breakpoint within the crea gene on the left arm of chromosome i and the other breakpoint between bing and ya on the right arm. the left-arm breakpoint alters the crea transcript. the likelihood that the inversion truncates crea centrally strengthens a previous proposal that derepression is the phenotype of loss-of-function mutations in crea.	1990	2201871
purification and properties of nadp(+)-dependent glycerol dehydrogenases from aspergillus nidulans and a. niger.	glycerol dehydrogenase, nadp(+)-specific (ec 1.1.1.72), was purified from mycelium of aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus niger using different purification procedures. both enzymes had an mr of approximately 38,000 and were immunologically cross-reactive, but had different amino acid compositions and isoelectric points. for both enzymes, the substrate specificity was limited to glycerol and erythritol for the oxidative reaction and to dihydroxyacetone (dha), diacetyl, methylglyoxal, erythrose ...	1990	2200840
the molecular cloning and identification of a gene product specifically required for nuclear movement in aspergillus nidulans.	a temperature-sensitive mutation in the nudc gene (nudc3) of aspergillus nidulans specifically prevents the microtubule-based movement of nuclei in this organism at the restrictive temperature. the mutation does not affect short term growth, nuclear division, or the movement of other subcellular organelles. immunofluorescence analysis of cells blocked at the restrictive temperature, using antitubulin antibodies, shows that the inability of nuclei to move under these conditions is not related to ...	1990	2199460
cloning and analysis of beta-tubulin gene from a protoctist.	we have isolated and characterized by restriction endonuclease mapping, transcription pattern, and dna sequencing a beta-tubulin gene from the coenocytic freshwater protoctist, achlya klebsiana. the gene is intronless and has a single open reading frame that encodes a 444-amino acid residue polypeptide of mr 49,856. the protein shows a high degree of homology to other beta-tubulins, 85% identity to human beta-tubulin and 89% identity to beta-tubulin of the sporozoan (also a protoctist) plasmodiu ...	1990	2394720
characterization and expression of the unique calmodulin gene of aspergillus nidulans.	complete cdna and genomic clones for the unique calmodulin (cam) gene of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans have been isolated and characterized. the gene contains five introns, of which three are at unique positions relative to other cam genes. the a. nidulans cam gene is transcribed as a single, 0.85-kilobase mrna species that encodes a predicted protein 84% identical (93% similar if conservative changes are considered) to vertebrate cam. the complete cdna was ligated into a lambda pl ...	1990	2199442
cloning of the dna repair gene, uvsf, by transformation of aspergillus nidulans.	as a first step in the cloning of the dna repair gene uvsf of aspergillus nidulans, uvsf pyrg double mutant strains were transformed with a genomic library which carried the complementing neurospora pyr-4 gene in the vector. rare pyr+ uvs+ cotransformants were obtained on media lacking pyrimidines, overlayed with mms (methyl-methane sulfonate) to which uvsf is hypersensitive. among mms-resistant transformants, southerns revealed two types which showed single bands of different sizes when bglii-d ...	1990	2199316
frequency of spontaneous and induced recessive mutations in a diploid strain of aspergillus nidulans.	the spontaneous and uv-induced frequencies of recessive mutations have been studied in a diploid strain of aspergillus nidulans, by the p-fluoro-phenylalanine (fpa) and 8-azaguanine (8-aza) resistance tests, on either resting or germinating conidia. observed frequencies are in the order of magnitude of those expected, which have been calculated considering the observed mutation frequencies in the haploid strain as well as the mitotic recombination frequencies. we also review some papers which cl ...	1990	2197553
hen egg white lysozyme expressed in, and secreted from, aspergillus niger is correctly processed and folded.	we transformed aspergillus niger with the full length cdna gene encoding hen egg-white lysozyme (hewl) and its secretion signal sequence. lysozyme levels up to 12 mg/l were secreted when expression was controlled by the a. awamori glucoamylase (gam) promoter and 1 mg/l when controlled by the a. nidulans glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) promoter. n-terminal sequence analysis of the recombinant protein indicated that the signal peptide was correctly processed by the a. niger secretor ...	1990	1366900
botran and bleomycin induce crossing-over, and bleomycin also increases aneuploidy in diploid strains of aspergillus.	both bleomycin, an antineoplastic drug, and botran (2,6-dichloro-4-nitro-aniline), a fungicide, are known to inhibit growth and induce genetic segregation in diploid tester strains of aspergillus nidulans when present in agar media. to identify primary effects, samples of induced apparent crossover types were analysed in detail. for both compounds, coincident and consecutive events of mitotic crossing-over were found to be very frequent and such events showed a random distribution among isolated ...	1990	1692105
characterization and comparison of mitochondrial dnas and rrnas from penicillium urticae and p. chrysogenum.	mitochondrial dna (mt dna) from a patulin producer, penicillium urticae (synonym p. griseofulvum), was 27.8 kb +/- 0.6 kb in size by electron microscopy and 27.2 kb by agarose gel electrophoresis. restriction endonuclease maps for nine restriction enzymes were constructed, and eleven fragments which covered the total range of the mt dna were cloned into the escherichia coli plasmid vector puc19. southern analysis of the native genomes of p. urticae and p. chrysogenum with six of the cloned fragm ...	1990	1697325
a negative regulator of mitosis in aspergillus is a putative membrane-spanning protein.	the temperature-sensitive cell cycle mutation bime7 of aspergillus nidulans causes cells to become blocked in mitosis at a restrictive temperature. previous work has shown that this mitotic block is induced even when cells are arrested in the s or g2 phase. the mitotic block is also observed in cells carrying a null mutation in bime, obtained by molecular disruption of the gene (osmani, s.a., engle, d.b., doonan, j.h., and morris, n.r. (1988) cell 52, 241-251), indicating that a lack of bime fun ...	1990	1697851
optimized vectors and selection for transformation of neurospora crassa and aspergillus nidulans to bleomycin and phleomycin resistance.	to provide a dominant selectable marker for transformation of neurospora crassa strains lacking specific auxotrophic mutations, we have engineered the bleomycin (bm) resistance-encoding gene (ble) from the bacterial transposon tn5 for expression in n. crassa. the coding region of the ble gene was fused to the promoter and terminator regions of the n. crassa am gene. in some vectors, multiple cloning sites were placed flanking the ble gene to provide a versatile ble cassette. when introduced into ...	1990	1699844
keratinophilic fungi and other moulds associated with air-dust particles from egypt.	one-hundred and eleven species and three species varieties belonging to 39 genera were collected from 50 dust samples on the five media used at 28 degrees c. using the hair-baiting technique with horse hair, 10 species of chrysosporium were isolated: c. asperatum, c. state of arthroderma tuberculatum, c. indicum, c. inops, c. keratinophilum, c. merdarium, c. pannorum, c. queenslandicum, c. tropicum and c. xerophilum. true dermatophytes were isolated: trichophyton verrucosum and trichophyton sp. ...	1990	1702081
cloning by differential screening of a xenopus cdna that encodes a kinesin-related protein.	by differential screening of a xenopus egg cdna library, we selected nine clones (eg1 to eg9) corresponding to mrnas which are deadenylated and released from polysomes soon after fertilization. the sequence of one of these clones (eg5) revealed that the corresponding protein has the characteristic features of a kinesin-related protein. more specifically, eg5 was found to be nearly 30% identical to a kinesin-related protein encoded by bimc, a gene involved in nuclear division in aspergillus nidul ...	1991	1710028
identification and expression of the acv synthetase gene.	the gene coding for acv synthetase has recently been identified and cloned. analysis of its structure and expression, along with similar studies of other genes involved in beta-lactam biosynthesis, should lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis of regulation of the pathway and the possibility of modifying yield and diversity of fungal antibiotics.	1991	1367017
construction and physiological characterization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase overproducing transformants of aspergillus nidulans.	the construction and characterization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (gpd) overproducing transformants of aspergillus nidulans and their behaviour in acetate-limited continuous cultures and glucose-grown batch cultures are described. the a. nidulans acetamidase deletion strain mh1277 was transformed with the homologous gpda gene on a vector with the homologous acetamidase-gene (amds) as a selection marker. transformant a1 contains about nine integrated copies of the gpda gene, and s ...	1991	1367201
intracellular and extracellular production of proteins in aspergillus under the control of expression signals of the highly expressed aspergillus nidulans gpda gene.	the expression in aspergillus is described of genes, coding for intracellular and extracellular proteins controlled by the promoter region of the constitutively and efficiently expressed glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gpda) of aspergillus nidulans. both the homologous gpda and the heterologous escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lacz) and beta-glucuronidase (uida) genes could be expressed intracellularly at levels as high as 10-25% of total soluble protein. efficient extracellul ...	1991	1367494
in vivo overproduction of the pentafunctional arom polypeptide in aspergillus nidulans affects metabolic flux in the quinate pathway.	the shikimate pathway and the quinic acid utilisation (qut) pathway of aspergillus nidulans and other fungi share the two common metabolic intermediates, 3-dehydroquinic acid (dhq) and dehydroshikimic acid (dhs), which are interconverted by two isoenzymes, catabolic 3-dehydroquinase, (cdhqase) and biosynthetic dehydroquinase, (bdhqase). bdhqase is one of five consecutive enzymatic activities associated with the pentafunctional arom protein encoded by the complex arom locus, whereas cdhqase is en ...	1991	1648168
a cdna encoding rabbit muscle protein phosphatase 1 alpha complements the aspergillus cell cycle mutation, bimg11.	the bimg11 allele causes a conditional growth defect in the fungus aspergillus nidulans preventing both progression through mitosis and normal polar growth. previously, we have shown that the bimg11 mutation increases the phosphorylation of nuclear proteins and that the gene encodes a protein similar to mammalian type 1 protein phosphatase. assay of protein phosphatase activity in protein extracts of aspergillus demonstrates directly that type 1 phosphatase activity is greatly reduced in the mut ...	1991	1655766
diverse proteins homologous to inositol monophosphatase.	bovine inositol monophosphatase (imp) and several homologous proteins were found to share two sequence motifs with bovine inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase (ipp). these motifs may correspond to binding sites within imp and ipp for inositol phosphates or for lithium, since both substances are bound by these proteins. this suggests that the proteins homologous to imp, which have diverse biological roles but whose function is not clear, may act by enhancing the synthesis or degradation of phosph ...	1991	1660408
two alpha-tubulin genes of aspergillus nidulans encode divergent proteins.	we have isolated and analyzed the tuba and tubb alpha-tubulin genes of aspergillus nidulans. the nucleotide sequences of these genes predict polypeptides of 447 amino acids for tuba and 450 for tubb. the predicted amino acids sequences exhibit 28% divergence between the two polypeptides. this is the second known case of such high divergence between alpha-tubulins within the same species. the tubb gene is unique in that it codes for an extra glycine residue between what are usually the second and ...	1991	1672037
is there methylmalonyl coa mutase in aspergillus nidulans?	in most animal species and many prokaryotes, methylmalonyl coa mutase catalyzes isomerization between methylmalonyl coa and succinyl coa using adenosylcobalamin as a cofactor. we describe the absence of this enzyme in aspergillus nidulans based on the absence of enzyme activity in vitro and the failure to metabolize methylmalonate or grow in media containing this organic acid as the sole carbon source. these data contrast previous assumptions that propionate may be metabolized through propionyl ...	1991	1676260
isolation and expression of the acetate-inducible isocitrate lyase gene (acu-3) from neurospora crassa: evidence for a second constitutive isozyme.	heterologous hybridisation of the aspergillus nidulans structural gene for isocitrate lyase (acud) to a lambda genomic library of neurospora crassa identified a recombinant phage containing the hybridising sequence on an internal 9 kb ecori fragment. a restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) enabled the fragment to be assigned to linkage group v (lg v), the location of the acetate-inducible isocitrate lyase, acu-3 of neurospora. functional ectopic complementation by co-transformation of ...	1991	1681413
sequence and expression of gln3, a positive nitrogen regulatory gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae encoding a protein with a putative zinc finger dna-binding domain.	the gln3 gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for the activation of transcription of a number of genes in response to the replacement of glutamine by glutamate as source of nitrogen. we cloned the gln3 gene and constructed null alleles by gene disruption. gln3 is not essential for growth, but increased copies of gln3 lead to a drastic decrease in growth rate. the complete nucleotide sequence of the gln3 gene was determined, revealing one open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 730 a ...	1991	1682800
integrative transformation of the ascomycete podospora anserina: identification of the mating-type locus on chromosome vii of electrophoretically separated chromosomes.	protoplasts of wild-type strain s and a long-lived extrachromosomal mutant (al2) of the ascomycete podospora anserina were transformed using a plasmid (pan7-1) which contains the hygromycin b phosphotransferase gene (hph) of escherichia coli under the control of aspergillus nidulans regulatory sequences. after optimizing the transformation procedure, transformation efficiencies of 15-21 transformants/micrograms plasmid dna were obtained. using a second selectable vector (pbt3), which contains th ...	1991	1367277
efficient kex2-like processing of a glucoamylase-interleukin-6 fusion protein by aspergillus nidulans and secretion of mature interleukin-6.	we have designed an expression vector for the secretion of human interleukin-6 (hil-6) in which the mature protein is fused through a spacer peptide, containing a kex-2 like protein processing signal, to the entire aspergillus niger glucoamylase (glaa) gene. transformation of aspergillus nidulans with this vector results in fungal strains secreting equimolar amounts of the glucoamylase and il-6 proteins. the kex2-type processing signal, lys-arg, is recognized and cleaved efficiently by an enzyme ...	1991	1367012
the ethanol utilization regulon of aspergillus nidulans: the alca-alcr system as a tool for the expression of recombinant proteins.		1991	1367013
expression of heterologous proteins in aspergillus.	filamentous fungi, in particular those of the genus aspergillus have been well exploited for their ability to produce high levels of extracellular proteins in an inexpensive manner. since many human proteins with the potential to be used therapeutically are secreted and require post-translational modification for biological activity, eukaryotic expression-secretion systems have been targeted for development. recent developments in dna-mediated transformation systems have allowed the utilization ...	1991	1367014
molecular characterization and functional analysis in aspergillus nidulans of the 5'-region of the penicillium chrysogenum isopenicillin n synthetase gene.	the isopenicillin n synthetase gene (pcbc) was isolated from a genomic library of penicillium chrysogenum bc39813, a penicillin production strain. the nucleotide sequence, including 555 bp upstream of the translation start site was determined. various deletions within the pcbc 5'-region were constructed and linked to the escherichia coli lacz gene. an aspergillus nidulans argb strain was transformed with dna of these constructions. the region essential for promoter function could be localized be ...	1991	1367495
cloning of the nitrate-nitrite reductase gene cluster of penicillium chrysogenum and use of the niad gene as a homologous selection marker.	a new homologous transformation system for the filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum is described. the system is based on complementation of niad mutants using the nitrate reductase structural gene (niad) of p. chrysogenum. spontaneous niad mutants were identified after selection for chlorate resistance, in growth tests and subsequent complementation with the niad gene of aspergillus oryzae. the p. chrysogenum niad gene was isolated from a genomic library using the aspergillus nidulans niad ...	1991	1367546
aspergillus nidulans weta activates spore-specific gene expression.	the aspergillus nidulans weta gene is required for synthesis of cell wall layers that make asexual spores (conidia) impermeable. in weta mutant strains, conidia take up water and autolyze rather than undergoing the final stages of maturation. weta is activated during conidiogenesis by sequential expression of the brla and abaa regulatory genes. to determine whether weta regulates expression of other sporulation-specific genes, its coding region was fused to a nutritionally regulated promoter tha ...	1991	1986246
crna encodes a nitrate transporter in aspergillus nidulans.	the nucleotide sequence of the aspergillus nidulans crna gene for the transport of the anion nitrate has been determined. the crna gene specifies a predicted polypeptide of 483 amino acids (molecular weight 51,769). a hydropathy plot suggests that this polypeptide has 10 membrane-spanning helices with an extensive hydrophilic region between helices six and seven. no striking homology was observed between the crna protein and other reported membrane proteins of either prokaryotic or eukaryotic or ...	1991	1986367
molecular cloning and functional characterization of the pathway-specific regulatory gene nira, which controls nitrate assimilation in aspergillus nidulans.	we have cloned an 11-kbp segment of the genomic dna of aspergillus nidulans which complements mutations in nira, the pathway-specific regulatory gene of the nitrate assimilation pathway. gene disruption in the corresponding region of the nuclear dna leads to a phenotype and a gene complementation pattern indistinguishable from that observed in known noninducible nira mutants. transformation studies with subclones of the 11-kbp genomic segment showed that a nonreverting null mutation nira87, maps ...	1991	1990284
cloning and characterization of an amidase gene from rhodococcus species n-774 and its expression in escherichia coli.	for investigation of an unknown open reading frame which is present upstream of the nitrile hydratase (nhase) gene from rhodococcus sp. n-774, a longer dna fragment covering the entire gene was cloned in escherichia coli. nucleotide sequencing and detailed subcloning experiments predicted a single open reading frame consisting of 521 amino acid residues of mr 54,671. the amino acid sequence, especially its nh2-terminal portion, showed significant homology with those of indoleacetamide hydrolases ...	1991	2001397
an autonomously replicating plasmid transforms aspergillus nidulans at high frequency.	from an unstable aspergillus nidulans colony, resulting from transformation with an a. nidulans gene bank, a plasmid was reisolated which transformed a. nidulans at a frequency of 20,000 transformants per 10(6) protoplasts at near saturation levels of transforming dna. this represents a 250-fold enhancement of transformation efficiency over that found for typical integrative vectors such as pilj16, the plasmid used in gene bank constructions. the plasmid, designated arp1, is 11.5 kb in size, and ...	1991	2013411
ecotoxicological aspects of aspergilli present in the phylloplane of stored leaves of chewing tobacco (nicotiana tobaccum).	nine different species of aspergillus were isolated from the phylloplane of stored chewing tobacco (nicotiana tobaccum) of different ages. the maximum number of species were isolated from 12 and 18 month old leaves. a. ruber, a. ochraceus, a. flavus and a. nidulans were usually associated with older leaves while a. niger, a. fumigatus and a. flavus were isolated from 6 month old leaves. approximately 18% of aspergilli were found to be mycotoxigenic. sterigmatocystin was produced by three differe ...	1991	2014047
regulation of invertase in aspergillus nidulans: effect of different carbon sources.	aspergillus nidulans produces an extracellular beta-d-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase (invertase) when grown on a medium containing the beta-fructofuranosides sucrose or raffinose, indicating that synthesis is subject to induction by the substrate. on a growth medium containing sucrose, production was maximal at 15 h in cultures incubated at 28 c degrees. after this time the level of detectable invertase in the cultures declined. a proportion of the enzyme was secreted during the linear growth ...	1991	2016586
isolation and nucleotide sequence of the aspergillus restrictus gene coding for the ribonucleolytic toxin restrictocin and its expression in aspergillus nidulans: the leader sequence protects producing strains from suicide.	we describe the cloning and characterization of the gene coding for the ribotoxin restrictocin, from aspergillus restrictus (gene res, embl accession number x56176). this toxin is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in eucaryotes and is of potential interest as a component of immunotoxins. to analyze the mechanism of self-protection in the producing organism, the res gene was cloned into the vector pfb39 and introduced into aspergillus nidulans. the secretion of active restrictocin from tran ...	1991	2020539
glycerol catabolism in aspergillus nidulans.	glycerol is catabolized in aspergillus nidulans by glycerol kinase and a mitochondrial fad-dependent sn-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. the levels of both enzymes are controlled by carbon catabolite repression and by specific induction. biochemical and genetical analyses show that dihydroxyacetone and d-glyceraldehyde are converted into glycerol and then catabolized by the same pathway. d-glyceraldehyde can be reduced by nadp(+)-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase or by alcohol dehydrogenase i, ...	1991	2033381
heterologous transformation of cochliobolus lunatus.	a dna mediated transformation system has been developed for the filamentous fungus cochliobolus lunatus. transformants were obtained by using plasmid pan 7-1 carrying the escherichia coli hygromycin b phosphotransferase gene (hph) fused to an aspergillus nidulans promoter. the integration of plasmid pan 7-1 into the fungal genome altered the ability of this microorganism to transform progesterone.	1991	2037226
ph regulation of penicillin production in aspergillus nidulans.	as shown by both bioassay and high-performance liquid chromatographic (hplc) analysis, penicillin g production by aspergillus nidulans is subject to regulation by the ph of the growth medium. penicillin titres were highest at alkaline ph and in strains carrying mutations in the regulatory gene pacc which mimics the effects of growth at alkaline ph. they were lowest at acid ph and in strains carrying mutations in the pala, palb, palc, pale or palf genes which mimic the effects of growth at acid p ...	1991	2037230
adenylate kinase isoenzymes in aspergillus nidulans.	adenylate kinase isoenzymes localised in the mitochondria and in the cytosol have been detected in extracts of glucose-grown aspergillus nidulans using specific staining after electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. the isoenzymes have similar km values for amp, adp and mgatp2- but may differ in the mechanism used for internucleotide phosphate transfer.	1991	2040420
the amdr product and a ccaat-binding factor bind to adjacent, possibly overlapping dna sequences in the promoter region of the aspergillus nidulans amds gene.	the amds gene of aspergillus nidulans is regulated by a number of positively acting regulatory genes which act additively and independently. using gel mobility shift assays with crude nuclear extracts we show here that the product of one of these regulatory genes, the amdr gene, binds to dna fragments containing part of the promoter region of the amds gene. this confirms the earlier prediction from dna sequence data that amdr encodes a dna-binding protein containing a cysteine-rich 'zinc finger' ...	1991	2041742
molecular cloning and characterization of the arod gene encoding 3-dehydroquinase from salmonella typhi.	the arod gene from salmonella typhi, encoding 5-dehydroquinate hydrolyase (3-dehydroquinase), has been cloned into escherichia coli and the dna sequence determined. the arod gene was isolated from a cosmid gene bank by complementation of an s. typhimurium arod mutant. analysis of the dna sequence revealed the presence of an open reading frame capable of encoding a protein of 252 amino acids with a calculated mr of 27706. comparison of the deduced s. typhi 3-dehydroquinase protein sequence with t ...	1991	2045778
correct intron splicing generates a new type of a putative zinc-binding domain in a transcriptional activator of aspergillus nidulans.	alcr is the pathway-specific transcriptional activator of the ethanol regulon in the filamentous fungus, aspergillus nidulans. the deduced amino acid sequence of a cdna clone, including the 5' part of the alcr-mrna, shows that a putative zn-binding domain of the all-cysteine class, exemplified by gal4 is present. this structure presents some striking features. at variance with other structures of this class, the binding domain is strongly asymmetrical. model building indicates that the zinc-bind ...	1991	2053973
in vitro studies with nine known or suspected spindle poisons: results in tests for chromosome malsegregation in aspergillus nidulans.	within the framework of a coordinated collaborative study for evaluating assays for aneuploidy, nine known or suspected spindle poisons were tested in mitotic segregation assays with aspergillus nidulans. experiments with a. nidulans diploid strain p1 revealed a statistically significant increase of whole chromosome segregants (non-disjunctional diploids and haploids) after treatments with chloral hydrate (ch), thiabendazole (tb), thimerosal (tm) econazole (ez) and hydroquinone (hq). the latter ...	1991	2056914
chromosome-specific recombinant dna libraries from the fungus aspergillus nidulans.	development of physical genomic maps is facilitated by identification of overlapping recombinant dna clones containing long chromosomal dna inserts. to simplify the analysis required to determine which clones in a genomic library overlap one another, we partitioned aspergillus nidulans cosmid libraries into chromosome-specific subcollections. the eight a. nidulans chromosomes were resolved by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and hybridized to filter replicas of cosmid libraries. the subcollectio ...	1991	2057366
delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine synthetase from aspergillus nidulans. molecular characterization of the acva gene encoding the first enzyme of the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.	the aspergillus nidulans gene (acva) encoding the first catalytic steps of penicillin biosynthesis that result in the formation of delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine (acv), has been positively identified by matching a 15-amino acid segment of sequence obtained from an internal cnbr fragment of the purified amino-terminally blocked protein with that predicted from the dna sequence. acva is transcribed in the opposite orientation to ipna (encoding isopenicillin n synthetase), with an ...	1991	2061333
nitrate reactive structural gene mutants of aspergillus nidulans.	two strains characterized as niad structural gene mutants in aspergillus nidulans produce a nitrate reductase which retains the ability to react with nitrate while lacking the ability to oxidize its naturally occurring substrate nadph. fifteen such nitrate reactive niad strains exhibited strong interallelic complementation when tested against strains bearing point mutations in eleven other loci essential to induction and synthesis of nitrate reductase in aspergillus. fourteen representatives of ...	1991	2062247
isolation and transcriptional characterization of a morphological modifier: the aspergillus nidulans stunted (stua) gene.	the functions of at least four potential regulatory genes are known to overlap temporally during elaboration of the multicellular asexual reproductive apparatus (conidiophore) of aspergillus nidulans. one of these, the stua (stunted) gene, has been previously classified as a morphological modifier essential for correct spatial organization of the conidiophore. the gene was cloned by complementation of a strain carrying the stua1 mutation and has been localized to a 5.0 kb kpni fragment that enco ...	1991	2062309
rodletless, a new aspergillus developmental mutant induced by directed gene inactivation.	the aspergillus nidulans can41 transcription unit is activated by the brla regulatory gene early during development of the asexual reproductive apparatus, the conidiophore. disruption of can41 results in a novel mutant phenotype in which conidiophore cells and spores lack an external wall layer, the rodlet layer, making them less hydrophobic than in the wild type and leading to inefficient spore dispersal. the rodletless mutation defines a new locus on chromosome iii, roda. roda encodes a small, ...	1991	2065971
codon usage in aspergillus nidulans.	synonymous codon usage in genes from the ascomycete (filamentous) fungus aspergillus nidulans has been investigated. a total of 45 gene sequences has been analysed. multivariate statistical analysis has been used to identify a single major trend among genes. at one end of this trend are lowly expressed genes, whereas at the other extreme lie genes known or expected to be highly expressed. the major trend is from nearly random codon usage (in the lowly expressed genes) to codon usage that is high ...	1991	1745237
heterologous expression of the aspergillus nidulans regulatory gene nira in fusarium oxysporum.	we have isolated strains of fusarium oxysporum carrying mutations conferring a phenotype characteristic of a loss of function in the regulatory gene of nitrate assimilation (nira in aspergillus nidulans, nit-4 in neurospora crassa). one of these nir- mutants was successfully transformed with a plasmid containing the nira gene of a. nidulans. the nitrate reductase of the transformants is still inducible, although the maximum activity is lower than in the wild type. single and multiple integration ...	1991	1756977
isolation and nucleotide sequence of the ribosomal protein s16-encoding gene from aspergillus nidulans.	a genomic clone has been isolated from aspergillus nidulans which is homologous to the ribosomal (r) protein s16-encoding gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae (s16a) and the r-protein s19-encoding gene of rat (s19). the amino acid (aa) sequences, deduced from nucleotide (nt) sequence analysis, show that in both cases more than 63% of the aa are conserved. the proposed a. nidulans r-protein s16 gene (rps16) differs from that of s. cerevisiae in that it occurs as a single copy in the haploid genome (r ...	1991	1761226
regulatory functions of calmodulin.	calmodulin is a ca2+ binding protein present in all eukaryotic cells that serves as the primary intracellular receptor for ca2+. this 148 amino acid protein is involved in activation of more than 20 enzymes which mediate a wide variety of physiological processes. many of these enzymes are inhibited in an intramolecular manner and the ca(2+)-calmodulin complex relieves this inhibition. calmodulin is essential for life as disruption of the gene in genetically tractable organisms is lethal. this pr ...	1991	1763137
the uay positive control gene of aspergillus nidulans: fine structure, isolation of constitutive mutants and reversion patterns.	the product of the uay gene of aspergillus nidulans is necessary for the expression of at least eight genes coding for enzymes and permeases of the purine utilisation pathway. a detailed fine structure map has been constructed of this gene involving 13 presumed point mutations and eight deletions. gene conversion of these deletions was demonstrated. a technique was devised to select for constitutive mutations and two were obtained which map within the uay gene. we have shown that the most centro ...	1991	1766434
molecular cloning of the uay regulatory gene of aspergillus nidulans reveals a favoured region for dna insertions.	the cloning of the positive regulatory gene, uay, which mediates uric acid induction of enzymes and permeases of the purine degradation pathway in the fungus aspergillus nidulans is described here. the 4 kb uay transcript is constitutively synthesised, it is not repressed by ammonia and its transcription does not require the area wide-domain transcription factor. we have determined that four deletions, which have been genetically characterised, are confined to a segment of 0.9 kb. two other dele ...	1991	1766435
isolation of nuclei from aspergillus nidulans protoplasts.	intact nuclei were isolated from the protoplasts of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. the large amounts of protoplasts required for such nuclear preparations were produced from young mycelia grown in liquid culture. for final purification of the crude nuclear fraction, a nycodenz density-gradient centrifugation was applied. the resulting nuclei were of good purity and morphological state, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy and electronmicroscopy. the weight ratio of dna:rna:pr ...	1991	1769520
the fission yeast gamma-tubulin is essential for mitosis and is localized at microtubule organizing centers.	gamma-tubulin exists in fission yeast as the product of an essential gene, encoding a 446 amino acid protein that is 77.3% identical to aspergillus nidulans gamma-tubulin. the gene disruption caused cell lethality, displaying condensed, undivided chromosomes with aberrant spindle structures. anti-gamma-tubulin staining showed that gamma-tubulin is located, throughout the wild-type cell cycle, at the spindle pole bodies (spbs), indicating that gamma-tubulin associates with interphase spb in the a ...	1991	1770000
bima encodes a member of the tetratricopeptide repeat family of proteins and is required for the completion of mitosis in aspergillus nidulans.	the recessive, temperature-sensitive bima1 mutation of aspergillus nidulans blocks nuclei in metaphase at restrictive temperature. to determine whether the bima product is essential, integrative transformation was used to create a mutation in the bima gene. the mutation was maintained in a heterokaryon and the phenotype of spores produced by the heterokaryon was analyzed. molecular disruption of the wild-type bima gene is recessive in the heterokaryon and causes a metaphase block, demonstrating ...	1991	1770001
relationships between phosphatidylcholine content, chitin synthesis, growth, and morphology of aspergillus nidulans choc.	the phosphatidylcholine (pc) content of aspergillus nidulans choc was varied by growing the auxotroph in medium containing various concentrations of choline chloride. direct linear correlations were observed between pc content and in vivo chitin synthase activity, between in vivo chitin synthase activity and mean hyphal extension rate, and between mean hyphal extension rate and hyphal growth unit length; hyphal growth unit length is a measure of hyphal branching. further, there was a correlation ...	1991	1778430
the development of aspergillus niger var. awamori as a host for the expression and secretion of heterologous gene products.		1991	1783197
altered expression of the steroid bioconverting pathway in pan 7-1 transformants of cochliobolus lunatus.	the filamentous fungus c. lunatus converts progesterone mainly to its 11 beta-hydroxy derivative. c. lunatus transformed with the plasmid pan 7-1, which contains the e. coli hph gene expressed under the control of the a. nidulans gpd and trpc expression signals, lacks this activity, but exhibits acetyl side chain degradation of progesterone through the reaction scheme progesterone----20 beta-hydroxy-progesterone----delta 4-androstene-3,17-dione---- testolactone + testosterone. the main part of t ...	1991	1807829
mycofloral changes and aflatoxin contamination in stored chickpea seeds.	chickpea seeds entering store carry a microflora of 'field' and 'storage' fungi. field fungi gradually disappear and storage fungi then predominate. these fungi especially aspergillus flavus, a. niger, a. nidulans, a. ochraceus and penicillium spp. grow vigorously and initiate grain spoilage and aflatoxin elaboration. the shift in mycofloral spectrum was more rapid in seeds stored in jute bags than those stored in metal bins. moisture content and aflatoxin contamination in seeds of jute bags was ...	1991	1812019
role of the cell-cycle-regulated nima protein kinase during g2 and mitosis: evidence for two pathways of mitotic regulation.		1991	1819506
kinesin-like proteins of aspergillus nidulans.		1991	1819513
heterologous expression and regulation of the neurospora crassa nit-4 pathway-specific regulatory gene for nitrate assimilation in aspergillus nidulans.	the nira gene of aspergillus nidulans and the nit-4 gene of neurospora crassa appear to be equivalent pathway-specific regulatory genes which mediate nitrate induction of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase (nr and nir) activities. we have transformed the nit-4 wild-type (wt) gene into the a. nidulans loss-of-function (pleiotropic negative) nira 1 mutant strain. the nit-4 gene was found to complement the nira 1 mutation, thus permitting the nira 1 mutant strain to grow on nitrate or nitrite ...	1991	1829047
[exogenous allergic alveolitis in tobacco industry workers].		1991	1831935
molecular organisation of the malate synthase genes of aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa.	the sequencing and comparison of the genes encoding the glyoxylate bypass enzyme malate synthase of aspergillus nidulans (acue) and neurospora crassa (acu-9) are presented. the predicted amino acid sequences of the a. nidulans and n. crassa enzymes are 538 and 542 residues respectively and the proteins are 87% homologous. in fungi, the malate synthase proteins are located in glyoxysomes and the deduced acue and acu-9 proteins both contain a c-terminal s-k-l sequence, which has been implicated in ...	1991	1832736
sequence of the nuclear atp synthase subunit 9 gene of podospora anserina: lack of similarity to the mitochondrial genome.	the nuclear gene coding for the mitochondrial subunit 9 of the f0f1-atp synthase complex was isolated from a genomic library of podospora anserina. nucleotide sequencing revealed an open reading frame capable to code for 144 amino acids including an amino-terminal pre-sequence of 63 amino acid residues for mitochondrial import of the pre-proteolipid. the p. anserina proteolipid shows extensive sequence identity with the corresponding gene products of the related filamentous fungi neurospora cras ...	1991	1834355
cloning and molecular characterization of the acetamidase-encoding gene (amds) from aspergillus oryzae.	we have isolated an acetamidase-encoding gene (amds) from aspergillus oryzae by heterologous hybridization using the corresponding aspergillus nidulans gene as a probe. the gene is located on a 3.5-kb saci fragment and its nucleotide (nt) sequence was determined. compared with the a. nidulans amds gene, the coding region of a. oryzae gene consists of seven exons interrupted by six introns and encodes 545 amino acid (aa) residues. the deduced aa sequence has a high degree of homology with that of ...	1991	1840550
nit-4, a pathway-specific regulatory gene of neurospora crassa, encodes a protein with a putative binuclear zinc dna-binding domain.	nit-4, a pathway-specific regulatory gene in the nitrogen circuit of neurospora crassa, is required for the expression of nit-3 and nit-6, the structural genes which encode nitrate and nitrite reductase, respectively. the complete nucleotide sequence of the nit-4 gene has been determined. the predicted nit4 protein contains 1,090 amino acids and appears to possess a single zn(ii)2cys6 binuclear-type zinc finger, which may mediate dna binding. site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated that c ...	1991	1840634
temporal and spatial controls of aspergillus development.	the mechanisms regulating elaboration of the multicellular asexual reproductive apparatus, the conidiophore, of the filamentous ascomycete aspergillus nidulans provide a model for the control of fungal development. recent advances have been made on three fronts. first, new physical and chemical signals have been discovered that control commitment of cells to the conidiation pathway. second, positively acting developmental regulatory genes have been cloned and characterized. in addition, evidence ...	1991	1840892
domain structure and interaction within the pentafunctional arom polypeptide.	the arom locus of aspergillus nidulans specifies a pentafunctional polypeptide catalysing five consecutive steps leading to the production of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate in the shikimate pathway. aided by oligonucleotide-mediated site-directed mutagenesis, the whole arom locus and various overlapping subfragments from within it have been fused to the powerful hybrid trc promoter in the escherichia coli plasmid pkk233-2. expression of these subfragments in appropriate aro mutants of e. col ...	1991	1849480
polyethylene glycol-induced internalization of bacteria into fungal protoplasts: electron microscopic study and optimization of experimental conditions.	we studied the mechanism of internalization of escherichia coli into saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by polyethylene glycol (peg) and optimized the experimental conditions. transmission electron microscope studies revealed that the principal factor involved in the internalization was the degree of cell aggregation attained. internalization occurred mainly by an endocytosis-like mechanism and took place during the elimination of peg. the optimum conditions were to treat a mixed pellet of both mi ...	1991	1854204
cell biology. abg of microtubule assembly.		1991	1865902
activation of the nima protein kinase plays a unique role during mitosis that cannot be bypassed by absence of the bime checkpoint.	mutation of nima reversibly arrests cells in late g2 and nima overexpression promotes premature mitosis. here we demonstrate that the product of nima (designated nima) has protein kinase activity that can phosphorylate beta-casein but not histone proteins. nima kinase activity is cell cycle regulated being 20-fold higher at mitosis when compared to s-phase arrested cells. nima activation is normally required in g2 to initiate chromosome condensation, to nucleate spindle pole body microtubules, a ...	1991	1868838
characterization of interspecific hybrids within the aspergillus nidulans group by isoenzyme analysis.	a comparison of interspecific hybrids within the aspergillus nidulans species group was made by isoenzyme analysis. the gel electrophoretic patterns of the parental species were distinct for most of the enzymes tested. the hybrids were distinguishable from their parents by isoenzyme patterns. the appearance of novel bands in all the interspecific hybrids indicated that nuclear fusion could have occurred. in most hybrids the appearance of the parental bands showed nonpreferential, partial chromos ...	1991	1878817
antisuppressor mutations reduce misreading of the genetic code in aspergillus nidulans.	antisuppressor mutations were isolated in a strain containing the omnipotent suppressor suac109. the antisuppressors reduce the activity of translational suppressors in vivo and counteract most aspects of the pleiotropic phenotype associated with the suac and the suaa suppressor mutations. using an homologous system for cell-free translation, we have measured translational accuracy in two antisuppressor strains with the genotype suac109 and either the asub11 or the asud14 antisuppressor mutation ...	1991	1878998
identification of a telomeric fragment from the right arm of chromosome iii of aspergillus nidulans.	a minimum of 11 bands hybridising to an oligonucleotide complementary to the putative telomeric repeat sequence (ttaggg)n was visible in a southern blot of ecori-digested aspergillus nidulans genomic dna. all 11 were sensitive to bal 31 exonuclease digestion, consistent with telomeric locations. blots of dna from aneuploid strains deleted for a dispensable, extreme distal region on the right arm of chromosome iii lack a 1.3-kb ecori band, indicating that this fragment is located at or near the c ...	1991	1884987
unusual metabolism of the yeast actin amino terminus.	in this paper we have examined the post-translational modifications of the nh2 terminus of actin from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. like actins examined previously, this actin contains an acetylated nh2 terminus. actins in other organisms undergo a unique post-translational processing event in which the initial amino acid(s) are removed by an actin-specific processing enzyme in an acetylation-dependent reaction. this is defined as actin processing. in yeast, actin retains its initiator met ...	1991	1885608
genetic transformation of auxotrophic mutants of the filamentous yeast trichosporon cutaneum using homologous and heterologous marker genes.	a transformation system for the filamentous yeast trichosporon cutaneum based on auxotrophic markers is presented and techniques for the induction, isolation and characterization of mutants are described. a number of auxotrophic mutants were isolated and characterized by using biosynthetic precursors and/or inhibitors. a mutant unable to grow in the presence of ornithine could be complemented successfully by spheroplast transformation experiments using the cloned aspergillus nidulans ornithine t ...	1991	1897316
isolation and developmentally regulated expression of an aspergillus nidulans phenol oxidase-encoding gene, ivob.	ivory (ivo) mutants of aspergillus nidulans lack conidiophore pigmentation. we have cloned ivob which codes for a conidiophore-specific phenol oxidase (ahtase) via the adjacent selectable ured gene. gene-library transformants of a ured4 strain proved defective for the vector, but we recovered both ured and ivob from a lambda library of transformant dna. the ivob transcription unit was localized to a sali-xbai 3-kb fragment and its 5' end was located by hybridization with an oligodeoxyribonucleot ...	1991	1901560
mutations in the small subunit of cyanobacterial ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase that modulate interactions with large subunits.	in the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans (synechococcus pcc6301), ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbu-p2 carboxylase) is composed of eight large subunits and eight small subunits. there are three regions of the small subunit that contain amino acids that are conserved throughout evolution, from bacteria to higher plants. since the function of the small subunit is not fully understood, site-directed mutagenesis was performed on highly conserved residues in the first and second co ...	1991	1902220
gamma-tubulin is present in drosophila melanogaster and homo sapiens and is associated with the centrosome.	the mipa gene of a. nidulans encodes a newly discovered member of the tubulin superfamily of proteins, gamma-tubulin. in a. nidulans, gamma-tubulin is essential for nuclear division and microtubule assembly and is associated with the spindle pole body, the fungal microtubule organizing center. by low stringency hybridizations we have cloned cdnas from d. melanogaster and h. sapiens, the predicted products of which share more than 66% amino acid identity with a. nidulans gamma-tubulin. gamma-tubu ...	1991	1904010
isolation and characterisation of nuv11, a mutation affecting meiotic and mitotic recombination in aspergillus nidulans.	a mutant of aspergillus nidulans, designated nuv11, has been isolated as hypersensitive to the monofunctional alkylating agent mnng and the quasi-uv-mimetic mutagen 4-nqo. the mutation was recessive, resulting from mutation of a single gene which mapped to chromosome iv, and was non-allelic to the previously characterised repair-deficient mutations uvsb and uvsh which are also located on this linkage group. the nuv11 mutation results in slow growth, deficient intragenic and intergenic meiotic re ...	1991	1909187
parallel activation of the nima and p34cdc2 cell cycle-regulated protein kinases is required to initiate mitosis in a. nidulans.	we show that in aspergillus nidulans, p34cdc2 tyrosine dephosphorylation accompanies activation of p34cdc2 as an h1 kinase at mitosis. however, the nima5 mutation arrests cells in g2 with p34cdc2 tyrosine dephosphorylated and fully active as an h1 kinase. activation of nima is therefore not required for p34cdc2 activation. furthermore, mutation of nimt, which encodes a protein with 50% similarity to fission yeast cdc25, causes a g2 arrest and prevents tyrosine dephosphorylation of p34cdc2 but do ...	1991	1913824
cloning and nucleotide sequence of the genomic ribonuclease t2 gene (rntb) from aspergillus oryzae.	using synthetic oligonucleotide probes, we have cloned a genomic dna sequence encoding a ribonuclease (rnase) t2 gene (rntb) from aspergillus oryzae on a 4.8 kb hindiii fragment. dna sequence analysis of the rnase t2 revealed the following: (1) the gene is arranged as five exons and four introns; (2) the deduced amino acid sequence contains 239 amino acid residues of the mature enzyme. in addition, there exist 17 amino acid residues thought to be a signal peptide sequence at the n-terminus and 2 ...	1991	1913876
a twin-reporter vector for simultaneous analysis of expression signals of divergently transcribed, contiguous genes in filamentous fungi.	to analyze the promoter region(s) of divergently transcribed fungal genes, a twin-reporter vector was constructed. this vector contains two divergently oriented reported genes, encoding escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase (uida) and e. coli beta-galactosidase (lacz). terminator regions of the aspergillus nidulans nitrate and nitrite reductase-encoding genes, niad and niia, respectively, have been cloned 3' to the reporter genes to ensure proficient transcription termination of the reporter genes ...	1991	1916271
structure and evolution of 5s rrna genes and pseudogenes in the genus aspergillus.	we have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of 18 dna fragments hybridizing to 5s rrna from two aspergillus species--a. wentii and a. awamori. four of the analyzed sequences were pseudogenes. the gene sequences of these two species were very similar and differed from aspergillus nidulans at both constant and microheterogeneous sites.	1991	1920453
pulsed field gel electrophoresis reveals chromosome length differences between strains of cladosporium fulvum (syn. fulvia fulva).	methods are described for the electrophoretic separation of chromosome-sized dna molecules from the fungal tomato pathogen cladosporium fulvum (syn. fulvia fulva). using a hexagonal electrode array and switching times of 75 min at 45 v for 14 days, nine bands could be resolved. by comparison with co-electrophoresed aspergillus nidulans chromosomal dna (which was resolved into seven bands), the sizes of the c. fulvum bands are estimated to be between 1.9 mb and 5.4 mb. the two largest bands are b ...	1991	1921976
analysis of the crea gene, a regulator of carbon catabolite repression in aspergillus nidulans.	the complete nucleotide sequence derived from a genomic clone and two cdna clones of the crea gene of aspergillus nidulans is presented. the gene contains no introns. the derived polypeptide of 415 amino acids contains two zinc fingers of the c2h2 class, frequent s(t)pxx motifs, and an alanine-rich region indicative of a dna-binding repressor protein. the amino acid sequence of the zinc finger region has 84% similarity to the zinc finger region of mig1, a protein involved in carbon catabolite re ...	1991	1922072
nira, the pathway-specific regulatory gene of nitrate assimilation in aspergillus nidulans, encodes a putative gal4-type zinc finger protein and contains four introns in highly conserved regions.	the nucleotide sequence of nira, mediating nitrate induction in aspergillus nidulans, has been determined. alignment of the cdna and the genomic dna sequence indicates that the gene contains four introns and encodes a protein of 892 amino acids. the deduced nira protein displays all characteristics of a transcriptional activator. a putative double-stranded dna-binding domain in the amino-terminal part comprises six cysteine residues, characteristic for the gal4 family of zinc finger proteins. an ...	1991	1922075
genome analysis of imperfect fungi: electrophoretic karyotyping and characterization of the nuclear gene coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) of curvularia lunata.	the gene coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) has been isolated from a genomic library of the filamentous fungus curvularia lunata. the coding region of this gene consists of 1014 nucleotides and is interrupted by four introns. the gpd gene product shows a high degree of sequence identity with the corresponding proteins of various species belonging to both taxonomically related (e.g., aspergillus nidulans), as well as more divergent, taxa. using contour-clamped homogeneous e ...	1991	1934112