Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| annotation of stress-response proteins in the aspergilli. | stress-response proteins of aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus clavatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus terreus and neosartorya fischeri (3908 in total) were annotated and grouped according to stress types (http://193.6.155.82/aspergillusstress/). all genomes harboured elements of the sska-hoga/saka stress signalling pathway. there are accumulating data pointing at the importance of sska-hoga/saka signalling in different types of stre ... | 2009 | 18703157 |
| the level of sulfane sulfur in the fungus aspergillus nidulans wild type and mutant strains. | the interdependence of the sulfane sulfur metabolism and sulfur amino acid metabolism was studied in the fungus aspergillus nidulans wild type strain and in mutants impaired in genes encoding enzymes involved in the synthesis of cysteine (a precursor of sulfane sulfur) or in regulatory genes of the sulfur metabolite repression system. it was found that a low concentration of cellular cysteine leads to elevation of two sulfane sulfurtransferases, rhodanase and cystathionine gamma-lyase, while the ... | 2009 | 18781374 |
| genotoxicity of achillea millefolium essential oil in diploid cells of aspergillus nidulans. | the essential oil of achillea millefolium is commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases and has been demonstrated previously to exert an in vitro antimicrobial activity against human pathogens. current study investigates the genotoxic activity of a. millefolium oil. the oil's major constituents are: chamazulene (42.15%), sabinene (19.72%), terpin-4-ol (5.22%), beta-caryophyllene (4.44%) and eucalyptol (3.10%), comprising 74.63% of the total. the oil's genotoxic evaluati ... | 2009 | 18803228 |
| a survey of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) genes in aspergillus nidulans. | the genome of aspergillus nidulans carries 27 genes encoding nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) structures, although only five of these forming peptides and amino acid containing metabolites have been identified so far. this manuscript describes domain structures, substrate binding pockets and related genes and gene clusters and summarizes our current state of product prediction of fungal nrps systems. | 2009 | 18804170 |
| purification and partial characterization of the xanthine-uric acid transporter (uapa) of aspergillus nidulans. | uapa, the uric acid-xanthine permease from the filamentous ascomycete aspergillus nidulans, is one of the most thoroughly characterized purine/h(+) transporters in eukaryotes. detailed studies have addressed its regulation of expression, at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, in response to physiological and developmental signals. an extensive kinetic profile towards a plethora of purines and mutational analyses have established models on how uapa recognizes the purine ring a ... | 2009 | 18824106 |
| the cypome (cytochrome p450 complement) of aspergillus nidulans. | the cytochromes p450 (cyps) are found in all biological kingdoms and genome sequencing projects continue to reveal an ever increasing number. the principle aim of this paper is to identify the complete cypome of aspergillus nidulans from the genome sequence version an.3 deposited at the broad institute, assign the appropriate cyp nomenclature and define function where possible. the completed analysis revealed a total of 111 cyp genes, 3 of which were previously unknown and 8 pseudogenes, represe ... | 2009 | 18824241 |
| effect of bioaugmentation and nitrogen supplementation on composting of paddy straw. | a composting experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a hyperlignocellulolytic fungal consortium and different nitrogen amendments on paddy straw composting in terms of changes in physicochemical and biological parameters. a fungal consortium comprising four lignocellulolytic mesophilic fungal cultures was used as inoculum for bioaugmentation of paddy straw in perforated pits. the comparative effect of farmyard manure (fym), soybean trash, poultry litter and urea on the composting proc ... | 2009 | 18839317 |
| overexpression of a novel endogenous nadh kinase in aspergillus nidulans enhances growth. | the complete genome sequence of the filamentous fungi aspergillus nidulans has paved the way for fundamental research on this industrially important species. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a gene encoding for atp-dependent nadh kinase (atp:nadh 2'-phosphotransferase, ec 2.7.1.86) has been identified. the enzyme has a predicted molecular weight of 49 kda. we characterised the role of this nadh kinase by genomic integration of the putative gene an8837.2 under a strong constit ... | 2009 | 18840540 |
| mapping the interaction sites of aspergillus nidulans phytochrome fpha with the global regulator vea and the white collar protein lreb. | aspergillus nidulans senses red and blue-light and employs a phytochrome and a neurospora crassa white collar (wc) homologous system for light perception and transmits this information into developmental decisions. under light conditions it undergoes asexual development and in the dark it develops sexually. the phytochrome fpha consists of a light sensory domain and a signal output domain, consisting of a histidine kinase and a response regulator domain. previously it was shown that the phytochr ... | 2009 | 18936976 |
| analysis and prediction of gene splice sites in four aspergillus genomes. | several aspergillus fungal genomic sequences have been published, with many more in progress. obviously, it is essential to have high-quality, consistently annotated sets of proteins from each of the genomes, in order to make meaningful comparisons. we have developed a dedicated, publicly available, splice site prediction program called netaspgene, for the genus aspergillus. gene sequences from aspergillus fumigatus, the most common mould pathogen, were used to build and test our model. compared ... | 2009 | 18948220 |
| a novel highly acidic beta-mannanase from the acidophilic fungus bispora sp. mey-1: gene cloning and overexpression in pichia pastoris. | using degenerate polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and thermal asymmetric interlaced pcr, a 1,347-bp full-length complementary dna fragment encompassing the gene man5a, which encodes a 429-amino acid beta-mannanase with a calculated mass of 46.8 kda, was cloned from acidophilic bispora sp. mey-1. the deduced amino acid sequence (catalytic domain) displayed highest identity (54.1%) with the emericella nidulans endo-beta-1,4-d-mannanase, a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 5. recombinant man5 ... | 2009 | 18998121 |
| long-distance movement of aspergillus nidulans early endosomes on microtubule tracks. | in fungal hyphal cells, intracellular membrane trafficking is constrained by the relatively long intracellular distances and the mode of growth, exclusively by apical extension. endocytosis plays a key role in hyphal tip growth, which involves the coupling of secretory membrane delivery to the apical region with subapical compensatory endocytosis. however, the identity, dynamics and function of filamentous fungal endosomal compartments remain largely unexplored. aspergillus nidulans raba(rab5) l ... | 2009 | 19000168 |
| aspergillus nidulans flbe is an upstream developmental activator of conidiation functionally associated with the putative transcription factor flbb. | aspergillus nidulans switches from vegetative growth to conidiation when aerial hyphae make contact with the atmosphere, or are subjected to specific environmental stress. the activation of the central conidiation pathway led by the transcription factor brla is a critical milestone in this morphogenetic transition. a number of upstream developmental activators (udas), expressed in vegetative cells, are required for this process to occur in conjunction with cessation of vegetative growth. mutants ... | 2009 | 19007409 |
| genetic regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis: from gene to genome. | aflatoxins are notorious toxic secondary metabolites known for their impacts on human and animal health, and their effects on the marketability of key grain and nut crops. understanding aflatoxin biosynthesis is the focus of a large and diverse research community. concerted efforts by this community have led not only to a well-characterized biosynthetic pathway, but also to the discovery of novel regulatory mechanisms. common to secondary metabolism is the clustering of biosynthetic genes and th ... | 2009 | 19010433 |
| transcription regulation of the pbgp43 gene by nitrogen in the human pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis. | we show indirect evidences for the possible involvement of nit2-like binding motifs in transcription modulation of the pbgp43 gene, which codes for an important antigen from the human fungal pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis. this investigation was motivated by the finding of 23 nit2-like sites within the proximal -2047 nucleotides of the pbgp43 5' intergenic region from the pb339 isolate. they compose four clusters, two of them identical. we found four nit2-containing probes that were posi ... | 2009 | 19013535 |
| quality evaluation of co-composted wheat straw, poultry droppings and oil seed cakes. | poultry droppings, neem cake, castor cake, jatropha cake and grass clippings were used separately as organic nitrogen additives to decrease the high c:n ratio of wheat straw. composting was carried out aerobically in presence of fungal consortium developed by including aspergillus awamori, aspergillus nidulans, trichoderma viride and phanerochaete chrysosporium. the degraded product was characterized to assess the technical viability of organic nitrogen supplements as well as fungal consortium i ... | 2009 | 19015937 |
| the three fungal transmembrane nuclear pore complex proteins of aspergillus nidulans are dispensable in the presence of an intact an-nup84-120 complex. | in aspergillus nidulans nuclear pore complexes (npcs) undergo partial mitotic disassembly such that 12 npc proteins (nups) form a core structure anchored across the nuclear envelope (ne). to investigate how the npc core is maintained, we affinity purified the major core an-nup84-120 complex and identified two new fungal nups, an-nup37 and an-elys, previously thought to be vertebrate specific. during mitosis the an-nup84-120 complex locates to the ne and spindle pole bodies but, unlike vertebrate ... | 2009 | 19019988 |
| antifungal activity of anidulafungin, a product of aspergillus nidulans, against aspergillus nidulans. | anidulafungin is a semisynthetic product originating from aspergillus nidulans. the aim of this study was to determine whether this drug is active against a. nidulans strains. the minimum effective concentration (mec) of anidulafungin without and with 50% foetal calf serum was determined according to the clinical and laboratory standards microdilution method. all 13 a. nidulans strains were highly susceptible to anidulafungin, with a mec of 0.031mg/l. the presence of serum did not affect the in ... | 2009 | 19026523 |
| the aspergillus nidulans kinesin-3 unca motor moves vesicles along a subpopulation of microtubules. | the extremely polarized growth form of filamentous fungi imposes a huge challenge on the cellular transport machinery, because proteins and lipids required for hyphal extension need to be continuously transported to the growing tip. recently, it was shown that endocytosis is also important for hyphal growth. here, we found that the aspergillus nidulans kinesin-3 motor protein unca transports vesicles and is required for fast hyphal extension. most surprisingly, unca-dependent vesicle movement oc ... | 2009 | 19037104 |
| thematic issue: aspergillus genomics and beyond. preface. | 2009 | 19041727 | |
| physiological involvement in ph signaling of vps24-mediated recruitment of aspergillus palb cysteine protease to escrt-iii. | activation of the aspergillus nidulans transcription factor pacc, which mediates ambient ph regulation of gene expression and is recruited to escrt-iii by the vps32-interacting scaffold pala, involves its ambient ph-dependent c-terminal proteolysis. this reaction is almost certainly catalyzed by the palb calpain-like protease. here we show that palb associates with membranes and interacts specifically and directly with escrt-iii vps24. the palb n-terminal mit domain and the vps24 c-terminal mim ... | 2009 | 19056728 |
| purine utilization by klebsiella oxytoca m5al: genes for ring-oxidizing and -opening enzymes. | the enterobacterium klebsiella oxytoca uses a variety of inorganic and organic nitrogen sources, including purines, nitrogen-rich compounds that are widespread in the biosphere. we have identified a 23-gene cluster that encodes the enzymes for utilizing purines as the sole nitrogen source. growth and complementation tests with insertion mutants, combined with sequence comparisons, reveal functions for the products of these genes. here, we report our characterization of 12 genes, one encoding gua ... | 2009 | 19060149 |
| overexpression of the chitosanase gene in fusarium solani via agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. | to overexpress the chitosanase gene (csn) in f. solani, a vector based on pcambia 1300 was constructed. the csn gene, which is under control of the aspergillus nidulans gpda promoter and a. nidulans trpc terminator, was introduced back into the f. solani genome by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, and the herbicide-resistance gene bar from streptomyces hygroscopicus was used as the selection marker. transformants which showed a significant increase in chitosanase production (app ... | 2009 | 19093150 |
| occurrence and relevance of filamentous fungi in respiratory secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis--a review. | the colonization of airways by filamentous fungi and the development of respiratory infections require some predisposing factors as encountered in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). indeed, the defective mucociliary clearance which characterizes the disease is associated with local immunological disorders. in addition, the prolonged therapy with antibiotics and the use of corticosteroid treatments also facilitate fungal growth. an important fungal biota has been described in respiratory secreti ... | 2009 | 19107638 |
| effects of conidia of various aspergillus species on apoptosis of human pneumocytes and bronchial epithelial cells. | aspergillus species can cause mycoses in human and animals. previously, we demonstrated that a. fumigatus conidia from a human isolate inhibited apoptosis in human pneumocytes and bronchial epithelial cells. in the current study, we studied the effects of a. fumigatus conidia non-human origin and a. flavus, a. nidulans, a. niger and a. oryzae conidia on human cells apoptosis. human pneumocytes or bronchial epithelial cells were simultaneously exposed to apoptotic inductors and aspergilli conidia ... | 2009 | 19117118 |
| atazg1 and atazg2 comprise a novel family of purine transporters in arabidopsis. | in plants, nucleobase biochemistry is highly compartmented relying upon a well-regulated and selective membrane transport system. in arabidopsis two proteins, atazg1 and atazg2, show substantial amino acid sequence similarity to the adenine-guanine-hypoxanthine transporter azga of aspergillus nidulans. analysis of single and double mutant lines harboring t-dna insertion alleles atazg1-1 and atazg2-1 reveal a marked resistance to growth in the presence of 8-azaadenine and 8-azaguanine but not to ... | 2009 | 19121308 |
| response to hypoxia, reduction of electron acceptors, and subsequent survival by filamentous fungi. | filamentous fungi usually inhabit normoxic environments by utilizing oxygen as a substrate for respiration and for the biosynthesis of some essential cellular components. this review examines the metabolic mechanisms used by filamentous fungi under oxygen-limited (hypoxic) conditions. denitrification is one mechanism through which fusarium oxysporum and other fungi reduce nitrate or nitrite to nitrous oxide, generating nitric oxide as a reaction intermediate. the involvement of cytochrome p450no ... | 2009 | 19129650 |
| alternative processing of proproteins in aspergilli kexb gene disruptants under hyperosmotic conditions. | disruption of the kexb gene encoding a subtilisin-like processing protease in aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus nidulans led to remarkable morphological defects, and these phenotypes were suppressed under hyperosmotic conditions. in this study, we investigated to determine whether non-kexb proteases might complement the in vivo function of kexb in the two aspergillus kexb disruptants. neither overexpression of opsa or opsb encoding a. oryzae aspartyl proteases homologous to yeast yapsins (yps1/ ... | 2009 | 19129662 |
| inactivation of the lipoxygenase zmlox3 increases susceptibility of maize to aspergillus spp. | plant and fungal lipoxygenases (lox) catalyze the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, creating fatty-acid hydroperoxides (oxylipins). fungal oxylipins are required for normal fungal development and secondary metabolism, and plant host-derived oxylipins interfere with these processes in fungi, presumably by signal mimicry. the maize lox gene zmlox3 has been implicated previously in seed-aspergillus interactions, so we tested the interactions of a mutant maize line (lox3-4, in which zmlox3 i ... | 2009 | 19132874 |
| the 2008 update of the aspergillus nidulans genome annotation: a community effort. | the identification and annotation of protein-coding genes is one of the primary goals of whole-genome sequencing projects, and the accuracy of predicting the primary protein products of gene expression is vital to the interpretation of the available data and the design of downstream functional applications. nevertheless, the comprehensive annotation of eukaryotic genomes remains a considerable challenge. many genomes submitted to public databases, including those of major model organisms, contai ... | 2009 | 19146970 |
| indole prenyltransferases from fungi: a new enzyme group with high potential for the production of prenylated indole derivatives. | prenylated indole derivatives are hybrid natural products containing both aromatic and isoprenoid moieties and are widely spread in plants, fungi and bacteria. some of these complex natural products, e.g. the ergot alkaloids ergotamine and fumigaclavine c as well as the diketopiperazine derivative fumitremorgin c and its biosynthetic precursors tryprostatin a and b, show a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. prenyl transfer reactions catalysed by prenyltransferases represent ... | 2009 | 19149573 |
| contribution of peroxisomes to penicillin biosynthesis in aspergillus nidulans. | peroxisomal localization of the third enzyme of the penicillin biosynthesis pathway of aspergillus nidulans, acyl-coenzyme a:ipn acyltransferase (iat), is mediated by its atypical peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (pts1). however, mislocalization of iat by deletion of either its pts1 or of genes encoding proteins involved in peroxisome formation or transport does not completely abolish penicillin biosynthesis. this is in contrast to the effects of iat mislocalization in penicillium chrysogenum. | 2009 | 19151327 |
| identification of virulence genes in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by large-scale transposon tagging. | forward genetic screens are efficient tools for the dissection of complex biological processes, such as fungal pathogenicity. a transposon tagging system was developed in the vascular wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by inserting the novel modified impala element imp160::gfp upstream of the aspergillus nidulans niad gene, followed by transactivation with a constitutively expressed transposase. a collection of 2072 nia(+) revertants was obtained from reporter strain t12 and scree ... | 2009 | 19161356 |
| disruption of the nadph-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase affects the morphology of two industrial strains of penicillium chrysogenum. | new morphological aspects of penicillium chrysogenum were found during physiological characterisation of two nadph-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase mutant strains. a morphological characterisation of the previously constructed strains, together with the two beta-lactam producing industrial recipient strains, was conducted. the reference strains showed a compact structure with highly branched hyphal elements whereas the morphology of the deltagdha strains consisting of long elongated hyphal elem ... | 2009 | 19167440 |
| studies of the production of fungal polyketides in aspergillus nidulans by using systems biology tools. | many filamentous fungi produce polyketide molecules with great significance as human pharmaceuticals; these molecules include the cholesterol-lowering compound lovastatin, which was originally isolated from aspergillus terreus. the chemical diversity and potential uses of these compounds are virtually unlimited, and it is thus of great interest to develop a well-described microbial production platform for polyketides. using genetic engineering tools available for the model organism aspergillus n ... | 2009 | 19168657 |
| agta, the dicarboxylic amino acid transporter of aspergillus nidulans, is concertedly down-regulated by exquisite sensitivity to nitrogen metabolite repression and ammonium-elicited endocytosis. | we identified agta, a gene that encodes the specific dicarboxylic amino acid transporter of aspergillus nidulans. the deletion of the gene resulted in loss of utilization of aspartate as a nitrogen source and of aspartate uptake, while not completely abolishing glutamate utilization. kinetic constants showed that agta is a high-affinity dicarboxylic amino acid transporter and are in agreement with those determined for a cognate transporter activity identified previously. the gene is extremely se ... | 2009 | 19168757 |
| the glutathione system of aspergillus nidulans involves a fungus-specific glutathione s-transferase. | the tripeptide glutathione is involved in cellular defense mechanisms for xenobiotics and reactive oxygen species. this study investigated glutathione-dependent mechanisms in the model organism aspergillus nidulans. a recombinant dimeric protein of a. nidulans glutathione reductase (gr) contained fad and reduced oxidized glutathione (gssg) using nadph as an electron donor. a deletion strain of the gr gene (glra) accumulated less intracellular reduced glutathione (gsh), indicating that the fungal ... | 2009 | 19171936 |
| analysis of all protein phosphatase genes in aspergillus nidulans identifies a new mitotic regulator, fcp1. | reversible protein phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism of cell cycle control in which protein phosphatases counteract the activities of protein kinases. in aspergillus nidulans, 28 protein phosphatase catalytic subunit genes were identified. systematic deletion analysis identified four essential phosphatases and four required for normal growth. conditional alleles of these were generated using the alca promoter. the deleted phosphatase strain collection and regulatable versions ... | 2009 | 19181872 |
| rapid screening and isolation of a fungus for sitosterol to androstenedione biotransformation. | androstenedione (ad) is a steroid intermediate used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of several important anabolic drugs. an important route for producing ad is by the microbial transformation of sterols. microbes capable of efficiently transforming sterols to ad are few and newer strains need to be isolated. conventional procedures for screening and isolation are time consuming. a new procedure was used for screening and isolation of fungal microorganisms capable of biotransfor ... | 2009 | 19189060 |
| a gene cluster containing two fungal polyketide synthases encodes the biosynthetic pathway for a polyketide, asperfuranone, in aspergillus nidulans. | the genome sequencing of aspergillus species including a. nidulans reveals that the products of many of the secondary metabolism pathways in these fungi have not been elucidated. our examination of the 27 polyketide synthases (pks) in a. nidulans revealed that one highly reduced pks (hr-pks, an1034.3) and one nonreduced pks (nr-pks, an1036.3) are located next to each other in the genome. since no known a. nidulans secondary metabolites could be produced by two pks enzymes, we hypothesized that t ... | 2009 | 19199437 |
| inducer-dependent nuclear localization of a zn(ii)(2)cys(6) transcriptional activator, amyr, in aspergillus nidulans. | amyr is a zn(ii)(2)cys(6) transcriptional activator that regulates expression of the amylolytic genes in aspergillus species. subcellular localization studies of gfp-fused amyr in a. nidulans revealed that the fusion protein preferentially localized to the nucleus in response to isomaltose, the physiological inducer of the amylolytic genes. the c-terminal domains of amyr, designated mh3 (residues 419-496) and mh4 (residues 516-542), were essential for sensing the inducing stimulus and regulating ... | 2009 | 19202286 |
| mutations in genes encoding sorting nexins alter production of intracellular and extracellular proteases in aspergillus nidulans. | xprg, a putative p53-like transcriptional activator, regulates production of extracellular proteases in response to nutrient limitation and may also have a role in programmed cell death. to identify genes that may be involved in the xprg regulatory pathway, xprg2 revertants were isolated and shown to carry mutations in genes which we have named soga-c (suppressors of xprg). the translocation breakpoint in the soga1 mutant was localized to a homolog of saccharomyces cerevisiae vps5 and mapping da ... | 2009 | 19204378 |
| inhibition of histone deacetylase causes reduction of appressorium formation in the rice blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae. | post-translational modifications (ptms) are important for cellular functions. the regulation of histone acetyltransferases (hats) and histone deacetylases (hdacs) is one of important ptms for epigenetic control, protein activity and protein stability. the regulation of acetylation of the n-terminal histone tails of core histone affects gene expression. two class i hdac genes and two class ii hdac genes have been identified in the magnaporthe oryzae genome. treatment with rpd3/hda1 family (classi ... | 2009 | 20118613 |
| the properties of adaptive walks in evolving populations of fungus. | the rarity of beneficial mutations has frustrated efforts to develop a quantitative theory of adaptation. recent models of adaptive walks, the sequential substitution of beneficial mutations by selection, make two compelling predictions: adaptive walks should be short, and fitness increases should become exponentially smaller as successive mutations fix. we estimated the number and fitness effects of beneficial mutations in each of 118 replicate lineages of aspergillus nidulans evolving for appr ... | 2009 | 19956798 |
| using a new gpi-anchored-protein identification system to mine the protein databases of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus nidulans, and aspergillus oryzae. | computational approaches provide valuable information to start experimental surveys identifying glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored proteins in protein sequence databases. we developed a new sequence-based identification system that uses an optimized classifier based on a support vector machine (svm) algorithm to recognize appropriate cooh-terminal sequences and uses a classifier implementing a simple majority voting strategy to recognize appropriate nh2-terminal sequences. the svm class ... | 2009 | 19940384 |
| protoplast isolation from cultured lichen usnea ghattensis, their fusion with protoplasts of aspergillus nidulans, fusant regeneration and production of usnic acid. | protoplasts isolated from the mycobiont of a cultured lichen usnea ghattensis were fused with protoplasts of the fungus aspergillus nidulans in order to increase the growth rate of the cultured lichen mycobiont in vitro. the maximum protoplast yield (102 x 10(4)/g fresh cell mass) was reached in citrate buffer with 50 mmol/l 2-sulfanylethanol ('2-mercaptoethanol') containing 0.1 % novozym after 1.5 h at ph 5 and <or=25 degrees c. the increase in the concentration of the above effectors or the ad ... | 2009 | 19937214 |
| a key role for vesicles in fungal secondary metabolism. | eukaryotes have evolved highly conserved vesicle transport machinery to deliver proteins to the vacuole. in this study we show that the filamentous fungus aspergillus parasiticus employs this delivery system to perform new cellular functions, the synthesis, compartmentalization, and export of aflatoxin; this secondary metabolite is one of the most potent naturally occurring carcinogens known. here we show that a highly pure vesicle-vacuole fraction isolated from a. parasiticus under aflatoxin-in ... | 2009 | 19889978 |
| in vivo analysis of the functions of gamma-tubulin-complex proteins. | to enhance our understanding of the function(s) of gamma-tubulin-complex proteins (gcps), we identified and analyzed the functions of the aspergillus nidulans homologs of gcp2-gcp6 (here designated gcpb-gcbf). the gamma-tubulin small complex (gamma-tusc) components, gamma-tubulin, gcpb and gcpc, are essential for viability and mitotic spindle formation, whereas gcpd-gcpf are not essential for viability, spindle formation or sexual reproduction. gcpd-gcpf function in reducing the frequency of chr ... | 2009 | 19861490 |
| aspects on evolution of fungal beta-lactam biosynthesis gene clusters and recruitment of trans-acting factors. | penicillins and cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics. the formation of hydrophobic penicillins has been reported in fungi only, notably penicillium chrysogenum and aspergillus (emericella) nidulans, whereas the hydrophilic cephalosporins are produced by both fungi, e.g., acremonium chrysogenum (cephalosporin c), and bacteria. the producing bacteria include gram-negatives and gram-positives, e.g., streptomyces clavuligerus (cephamycin c) and lysobacter lactamgenus (cephabacins), respectivel ... | 2009 | 19863978 |
| genome-wide analysis of microsatellite sequence in seven filamentous fungi. | abundance of microsatellites with repeated unit lengths of 1-6 base pairs in seven fungi: aspergillus nidulans, coprinus cinereus, cryptococcus neoformans (serotype a), fusarium graminearum, magnaporthe grisea, neurospora crassa and ustilago maydis were investigated on genomic scale. the results showed that each species has its specific profile for different types and different motifs of ssr loci. ascomycetes fungi m. grisea, n. crassa and basidiomycete fungus u. maydis adopt much more microsate ... | 2009 | 20640828 |
| modelling the survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 on raw portioned tomatoes, inoculated with aspergillus fumigatus and emericella nidulans. | the metabiotic interactions occurring among two fungi (aspergillus fumigatus and emericella nidulans) and escherichia coli o157:h7 on raw portioned tomatoes were studied. tomatoes, preinoculated with the moulds and inoculated with the pathogen, were packaged in air and stored at 4, 8 and 12( composite function)c for 9 days; pathogen cell number and ph were monitored throughout the storage and the data were modeled using three different equations (geeraerd, weibull, and modified weibull), to asse ... | 2009 | 20037729 |
| selection to sequence: opportunities in fungal genomics. | 2009 | 20025617 | |
| effect of culture temperature on the heterologous expression of pleurotus eryngii versatile peroxidase in aspergillus hosts. | production of recombinant versatile peroxidase in aspergillus hosts was optimized through the modification of temperature during bioreactor cultivations. to further this purpose, the cdna encoding a versatile peroxidase of pleurotus eryngii was expressed under control of the alcohol dehydrogenase (alca) promoter of aspergillus nidulans. a dependence of recombinant peroxidase production on cultivation temperature was found. lowering the culture temperature from 28 to 19 degrees c enhanced the lev ... | 2009 | 18481101 |
| molecular detection and identification of aspergillus spp. from clinical samples using real-time pcr. | the definite and rapid diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis is necessary because of the high mortality caused. the objective of this study was to evaluate a real-time pcr assay to detect aspergillus spp. in clinical samples, based on the light cycler technology. specificity was assessed by using dna extracted from pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria/fungi from spanish collection including: two aspergillus flavus, four aspergillus fumigatus, two aspergillus nidulans, two aspergillus niger and t ... | 2009 | 18643921 |
| prophylaxis against aspergillus is not perfect: problems and perils in stem cell transplantation. | availability of newer, well tolerated anti-aspergillus drugs at a time of rising prevalence of invasive aspergillosis has sparked enthusiasm for chemoprophylaxis against aspergillus in allogeneic stem cell recipients. such a drug-oriented approach however is associated with problems. in the azole class, itraconazole has been shown to be effective, but hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal intolerability have made the drug less attractive. posaconazole, approved for prophylaxis in allogeneic stem c ... | 2009 | 18663660 |
| functional diversity of chitin synthases of aspergillus nidulans in hyphal growth, conidiophore development and septum formation. | fungal chitin synthases are classified into seven classes. recent advances in genome sequence analyses have revealed that there are more than seven chitin synthase-encoding genes in the genome of filamentous ascomycete fungi. to clarify the functional differences among these genes in the morphogenesis and hyphal tip growth, we have cloned six chitin synthase-encoding genes from aspergillus nidulans and analyzed their functions. the results obtained suggest that chitin synthases are structurally ... | 2009 | 18651309 |
| a single channel for nitrate uptake, nitrite export and nitrite uptake by escherichia coli naru and a role for nirc in nitrite export and uptake. | two related polytopic membrane proteins of the major facilitator family, nark and naru, catalyse nitrate uptake, nitrite export and nitrite uptake across the escherichia coli cytoplasmic membrane by an unknown mechanism. a 12-helix model of naru was constructed based upon six alkaline phosphatase and beta-galactosidase fusions to nark and the predicted hydropathy for the nark family. fifteen residues conserved in the nark-naru protein family were substituted by site-directed mutagenesis, includi ... | 2009 | 18691156 |
| proteins involved in microbody biogenesis and degradation in aspergillus nidulans. | fungal microbodies (peroxisomes) are inducible organelles that proliferate in response to nutritional cues. proteins involved in peroxisome biogenesis/proliferation are designated peroxins and are encoded by pex genes. an autophagy-related process, termed pexophagy, is responsible for the selective removal of peroxisomes from the cell. several genes involved in pexophagy are also required for autophagy and are collectively known as atg genes. we have re-analysed the aspergillus nidulans genome f ... | 2009 | 18694841 |
| recombinant bacterial hemoglobin alters metabolism of aspergillus niger. | the filamentous fungus aspergillus niger is used extensively for the production of enzymes and organic acids. a major problem in industrial fermentations with this fungus is to ensure sufficient supply of oxygen required for respiratory metabolism of the fungus. in case of oxygen limitation, the fungus will produce various by-products like organic acids and polyols. in order to circumvent this problem we here study the effects of the expression of a bacterial hemoglobin protein on the metabolism ... | 2009 | 18694843 |
| purification, characterization and crystallization of an extracellular alkaline protease from aspergillus nidulans ha-10. | aspergillus nidulans is a highly potent fungus used in the production of alkaline protease. extracellular alkaline protease was purified from a. nidulans in a two-step procedure involving ammonium sulphate precipitation and sephadex g-100 column chromatography. the molecular mass of the enzyme was determined to be 42 kda by sds-page. the enzyme activity was also analyzed by zymogram with gelatin. the enzyme was more stable over a wide range of ph (6-10) and the temperatures up to 50 degrees c. i ... | 2008 | 18702069 |
| role of the lolp cytochrome p450 monooxygenase in loline alkaloid biosynthesis. | the insecticidal loline alkaloids, produced by neotyphodium uncinatum and related endophytes, are exo-1-aminopyrrolizidines with an ether bridge between c-2 and c-7. loline alkaloids vary in methyl, acetyl, and formyl substituents on the 1-amine, which affect their biological activity. enzymes for key loline biosynthesis steps are probably encoded by genes in the lol cluster, which is duplicated in n. uncinatum, except for a large deletion in lolp2. the role of lolp1 was investigated by its repl ... | 2008 | 18655839 |
| uvsf rfc1, the large subunit of replication factor c in aspergillus nidulans, is essential for dna replication, functions in uv repair and is upregulated in response to mms-induced dna damage. | uvsf201 was the first highly uv-sensitive repair-defective mutation isolated in aspergillus nidulans. it showed epistasis only with postreplication repair mutations, but caused lethal interactions with many other repair-defective strains. unexpectedly, closest homology of uvsf was found to the large subunit of human dna replication factor rfc that is essential for dna replication. sequencing of the uvsf201 region identified changes at two close base pairs and the corresponding amino acids in the ... | 2008 | 18655840 |
| functional analysis of the endoxylanase b (xynb) promoter from penicillium purpurogenum. | in penicillium purpurogenum, the gene encoding endoxylanase b (xynb) is highly expressed by xylan and repressed by glucose at the transcriptional level. the promoter of this gene has a modular structure, with eight putative xlnr binding sites in tandem (xlnr module), and upstream from them, four putative crea binding sites (crea module). promoter fragments containing different modules were inserted into a plasmid, pan49-1, which contains a basal fungal promoter linked to a reporter gene (lacz) a ... | 2008 | 18661134 |
| the design of oligonucleotide primers for the universal amplification of the n-acetylglucosaminidase gene (nag1) in chytridiomycetes with emphasis on the anaerobic neocallimastigales. | the common feature of all chytridiomycetous fungi, aerobic as well as anaerobic, is an abundance of chitin in their cell wall. the genes coding for chitinases have therefore been widely used as phylogenetic markers in ascomycetes. as their utility for chytridiomycetes has not been determined we chose the gene encoding an enzyme involved in chitin degradation and energy metabolism, the beta-(1,4)-n-acetylglucosaminidase (nag1). primer pair nag-forward and nag-reverse was used to create pcr produc ... | 2008 | 18661293 |
| requirement of laea for secondary metabolism and sclerotial production in aspergillus flavus. | the nuclear regulator laea has been shown to govern production of multiple secondary metabolites in aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus. herein we examine the role of this protein in aspergillus flavus. similarly as in other aspergilli, laea had a major effect on a. flavus secondary metabolism where deltalaea and over-expression laea (oe::laea) strains yielded opposite phenotypes resulting in decreased (increased) secondary metabolite production. the two mutant strains also exhibited ... | 2008 | 18667168 |
| [evolution of meiosis of unicellulate and multicellular eucaryotes. aromorphosis at the cellular level]. | an attempt was undertaken to apply the concept elaborated for the evolution of multicellular organisms to that of unicellular eucaryotes. the latter's meiosis was formed on the basis of combination on three intracellular processes: 1) homologous dna recombination, 2) chromosome disjunction with the assistance of mitotic apparatus, and 3) formation of "linear" chromosome elements consisting of specific proteins. mechanism of homologous chromosome recombination was inherited from the archibacteria ... | 2008 | 18669302 |
| norsolorinic acid inhibits proliferation of t24 human bladder cancer cells by arresting the cell cycle at the g0/g1 phase and inducing a fas/membrane-bound fas ligand-mediated apoptotic pathway. | 1. norsolorinic acid, isolated from aspergillus nidulans, has been shown to have antiproliferative activity in t24 human bladder cancer cells by arresting the cell cycle at the g(0)/g(1) phase and inducing apoptosis. the aim of the present study was to investigate the antiproliferative activity of norsolorinic acid in t24 human bladder cancer cells. 2. the effects of norsolorinic acid (1, 5, 10 and 20 micromol/l) on the proliferation of t24 cells and on the distribution of cells within different ... | 2008 | 18671724 |
| dissecting individual steps of nitrogen transcription factor cooperation in the aspergillus nidulans nitrate cluster. | summary: in the ascomycete fungus aspergillus nidulans, the transcriptional activation of nitrate assimilating genes (niia, niad) depends on the cooperativity between a general nitrogen status-sensing regulator (the gata factor area) and a pathway-specific activator (the zn-cluster regulator nira). because nitrate assimilation leads to intracellular ammonium formation, it is difficult to determine the individual contributions of nira and area in this complex activation/inactivation process. in a ... | 2008 | 18673441 |
| dissecting colony development of neurospora crassa using mrna profiling and comparative genomics approaches. | colony development, which includes hyphal extension, branching, anastomosis, and asexual sporulation, is a fundamental aspect of the life cycle of filamentous fungi; genetic mechanisms underlying these phenomena are poorly understood. we conducted transcriptional profiling during colony development of the model filamentous fungus neurospora crassa, using 70-mer oligonucleotide microarrays. relative mrna expression levels were determined for six sections of defined age excised from a 27-h-old n. ... | 2008 | 18676954 |
| the aspergillus nidulans stress response transcription factor stza is ascomycete-specific and shows species-specific polymorphisms in the c-terminal region. | orthologues of the aspergillus nidulans gene stza were identified and characterised in an additional 19 fungi. these orthologues were restricted to, and found within all the pezizomycotina subphyla of the ascomycota, for which data are available, but not the saccharomycotina or taphrinomycotina subphyla. intron analysis indicated that both intron loss and gain have occurred in this gene. the orthologous proteins demonstrate considerable size variation (between 663 and 897 amino acids); with almo ... | 2008 | 18678248 |
| farnesol induces the transcriptional accumulation of the aspergillus nidulans apoptosis-inducing factor (aif)-like mitochondrial oxidoreductase. | farnesol (foh) is a non-sterol isoprenoid produced by dephosphorylation of farnesyl pyrophosphate, a catabolite of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. these isoprenoids inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis. it has been shown previously that foh triggers morphological features characteristic of apoptosis in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. here, we investigate which pathways are influenced through foh by examining the transcriptional profile of a. nidulans exposed to this isop ... | 2008 | 18681941 |
| regulation of apical dominance in aspergillus nidulans hyphae by reactive oxygen species. | in fungal hyphae, apical dominance refers to the suppression of secondary polarity axes in the general vicinity of a growing hyphal tip. the mechanisms underlying apical dominance remain largely undefined, although calcium signaling may play a role. here, we describe the localized accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) in the apical region of aspergillus nidulans hyphae. our analysis of atma (atm) and prpa (parp) mutants reveals a correlation between localized production of ros and enforc ... | 2008 | 18689883 |
| comparison between polyethylene glycol- and polyethylenimine-mediated transformation of aspergillus nidulans. | genetic transformation of many filamentous fungi is carried out by a protocol that utilizes polyethylene glycol (peg) and calcium ion (ca2+). this method has remained practically unchanged for more than 20 years, but the roles these molecules play are not definitively understood. to gain a better understanding, we have compared peg transformation to a protocol using polyethylenimine (pei) that is the basis for non-viral transfection in mammals and which has a well established molecular model for ... | 2008 | 18649081 |
| expression of a synthetic artemesia annua amorphadiene synthase in aspergillus nidulans yields altered product distribution. | a gene encoding a plant terpene cyclase, artemisia annua amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ads), was expressed in aspergillus nidulans under control of a strong constitutive promoter, (p)gpda. the transformants produced only small amounts of amorphadiene, but much larger amounts of similar sesquiterpenes normally produced as minor by-products in planta. in contrast, expression of ads in escherichia coli produced almost exclusively amorpha-4,11-diene. these results indicate that the host environment c ... | 2008 | 18651187 |
| a new protein carrying an nmra-like domain is required for cell differentiation and development in dictyostelium discoideum. | we have isolated a dictyostelium mutant unable to induce expression of the prestalk-specific marker ecmb in monolayer assays. the disrupted gene, pada, leads to a range of phenotypic defects in growth and development. we show that pada is essential for growth, and we have generated a thermosensitive mutant allele, pada(-). at the permissive temperature, mutant cells grow poorly; they remain longer at the slug stage during development and are defective in terminal differentiation. at the restrict ... | 2008 | 18638468 |
| ras gtpase-activating protein regulation of actin cytoskeleton and hyphal polarity in aspergillus nidulans. | aspergillus nidulans gapa1, a mutation leading to compact, fluffy colonies and delayed polarity establishment, maps to a gene encoding a ras gtpase-activating protein. domain organization and phylogenetic analyses strongly indicate that gapa regulates one or more "true" ras proteins. a gapadelta strain is viable. gapa colonies are more compact than gapa1 colonies and show reduced conidiation. gapadelta strains have abnormal conidiophores, characterized by the absence of one of the two layers of ... | 2008 | 18039943 |
| nitrite transport is mediated by the nitrite-specific high-affinity nita transporter and by nitrate transporters nrta, nrtb in aspergillus nidulans. | disruption of the aspergillus nidulans high-affinity nitrate transporter genes (nrta and nrtb) prevents growth on nitrate but not nitrite. we identified a distinct nitrite transporter (k(m)=4.2+/-1 microm, v(max)=168+/-21 nmolmg(-1)dw(-1)h(-1)), designated nita. disruption of nrta, nrtb and nita blocked growth on nitrite, despite low rates of nitrite depletion we ascribe to passive nitrous acid permeation. growth of the single mutant nita16 on nitrite was wild-type, suggesting that nrta and/or n ... | 2008 | 18024100 |
| the aspergillus nidulans enzyme tdib catalyzes prenyltransfer to the precursor of bioactive asterriquinones. | the asterriquinones represent a class of ascomycete metabolic products whose significance stems from remarkable and useful pharmacological activities, among those antiretroviral (e.g., against the hi-virus), antitumor, and antidiabetes properties. recently, the first genetic locus for an asterriquinone, the clustered terrequinone genes tdia-e, was identified during a genome-wide screen in aspergillus nidulans for "orphan" natural product biosynthesis loci. here, we describe overexpression and ch ... | 2008 | 18029206 |
| overexpression of the plg1 gene encoding pectin lyase in penicillium griseoroseum. | the pectin lyase (pl) is an industrially important enzyme since it is used for maceration and clarification in the process of fruit juice production in food industries. in order to increase the yields of pectin lyase we cloned the plg1 (pectin lyase 1) from penicillium griseoroseum gene under the control of the strong constitutive promoter of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gpda) and the terminator region of the tryptophan synthetase (trpc) gene from aspergillus nidulans (plas ... | 2008 | 18030511 |
| characterization of active site variants of xanthine hydroxylase from aspergillus nidulans. | xanthine/alpha-ketoglutarate (alphakg) dioxygenase (xana) is a non-heme mononuclear fe(ii) enzyme that decarboxylates alphakg to succinate and co(2) while hydroxylating xanthine to generate uric acid. in the absence of a xana crystal structure, a homology model was used to target several putative active site residues for mutagenesis. wild-type xana and ten enzyme variants were purified from recombinant escherichia coli cells and characterized. the h149a and d151a variants were inactive and the h ... | 2008 | 18036331 |
| functional characterization of the aspergillus fumigatus crz1 homologue, crza. | the protein phosphatase calcineurin is an important mediator connecting calcium-dependent signalling to various cellular responses in multiple organisms. in fungi calcineurin acts largely through regulating crz1p-like transcription factors. here we characterize an aspergillus fumigatus crz1 homologue, crza and demonstrate its mediation of cellular tolerance to increased concentrations of calcium and manganese. in addition to acute sensitivity to these ions, and decreased conidiation, the crza nu ... | 2008 | 18298443 |
| acpa, a member of the gpr1/fun34/yaah membrane protein family, is essential for acetate permease activity in the hyphal fungus aspergillus nidulans. | in a previous study, alcs, a gene of the aspergillus nidulans alc cluster, was shown to encode a protein that belongs to the gpr1/fun34/yaah membrane protein family. blast screening of the a. nidulans genome data identified additional genes encoding hypothetical proteins that could belong to this family. in this study we report the functional characterization of one of them, an5226. its expression is induced by ethanol and ethyl acetate (two inducers of the alc genes) and is mediated by the spec ... | 2008 | 18302536 |
| ndel1 controls the dynein-mediated transport of vimentin during neurite outgrowth. | ndel1, the mammalian homologue of the aspergillus nidulans nude, is emergently viewed as an integrator of the cytoskeleton. by regulating the dynamics of microtubules and assembly of neuronal intermediate filaments (ifs), ndel1 promotes neurite outgrowth, neuronal migration, and cell integrity (1-6). to further understand the roles of ndel1 in cytoskeletal dynamics, we performed a tandem affinity purification of ndel1-interacting proteins. we isolated a novel ndel1 molecular complex composed of ... | 2008 | 18303022 |
| functional characterization of residues within the carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase rx2panaaxf distinct motif. | the mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (cac) is characterized by the presence of a distinct motif, rxxpanaaxf, within its sixth transmembrane alpha-helix. in this study, we analysed the role of the amino acids of this motif in the structure-function relationships of the human cac by using two complementary approaches. first, we performed functional analysis in the model fungus aspergillus nidulans of selected mutations with structural and functional relevance. second, similar mutant h ... | 2008 | 18307102 |
| foly: an integrated database for the classification and functional annotation of fungal oxidoreductases potentially involved in the degradation of lignin and related aromatic compounds. | the breakdown of lignin by fungi is a key step during carbon recycling in terrestrial ecosystems. this process is of great interest for green and white biotechnological applications. given the importance of these enzymatic processes, we have classified the enzymes potentially involved in lignin catabolism into sequence-based families and integrated them in a newly developed database, designated fungal oxidative lignin enzymes (foly). families were defined after sequence similarity searches start ... | 2008 | 18308593 |
| efficacy of female culex quinquefasciatus with entomopathogenic fungus fusarium pallidoroseum. | this study was conducted to isolate and identify natural entomopathogenic fungi from female culex quinquefasciatus and to test their adulticidal activity. field-collected female c. quinquefasciatus died early and were placed on a saboraud's dextrose agar plates for growth and isolation of natural entomopathogenic fungi. the plates were maintained in an incubator at 24+/-2 degrees c for 3 days. four fungal species were isolated in two genera namely, aspergillus and fusarium. the identified fungal ... | 2008 | 18327611 |
| characterization of an acyl-coa: carboxylate coa-transferase from aspergillus nidulans involved in propionyl-coa detoxification. | filamentous fungi metabolize toxic propionyl-coa via the methylcitrate cycle. disruption of the methylcitrate synthase gene leads to an accumulation of propionyl-coa and attenuates virulence of aspergillus fumigatus. however, addition of acetate, but not ethanol, to propionate-containing medium strongly reduces the accumulation of propionyl-coa and restores growth of the methylcitrate synthase mutant. therefore, the existence of a coa-transferase was postulated, which transfers the coash moiety ... | 2008 | 18331473 |
| the role of actin, fimbrin and endocytosis in growth of hyphae in aspergillus nidulans. | filamentous fungi are ideal systems to study the process of polarized growth, as their life cycle is dominated by hyphal growth exclusively at the cell apex. the actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in this growth. until now, there have been no tools to visualize actin or the actin-binding protein fimbrin in live cells of a filamentous fungus. we investigated the roles of actin (acta) and fimbrin (fima) in hyphal growth in aspergillus nidulans. we examined the localization of acta::gfp and ... | 2008 | 18331474 |
| a trispecies aspergillus microarray: comparative transcriptomics of three aspergillus species. | the full-genome sequencing of the filamentous fungi aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus niger, and aspergillus oryzae has opened possibilities for studying the cellular physiology of these fungi on a systemic level. as a tool to explore this, we are making available an affymetrix genechip developed for transcriptome analysis of any of the three above-mentioned aspergilli. transcriptome analysis of triplicate batch cultivations of all three aspergilli on glucose and xylose media was used to validat ... | 2008 | 18332432 |
| characterization of fusarium graminearum mes1 reveals roles in cell-surface organization and virulence. | the surfaces of fungal hyphae are mosaics of carbohydrates and cell-surface proteins. presently, very little is known about the role of these proteins and their organization at the cell surface. here, we characterize two fusarium graminearum genes implicated in cell-surface organization, mes1 (fgsg_06680) and pls1 (fgsg_08695). mes1 is a homologue of mesa, which is required for the formation of stable polarity axes in aspergillus nidulans. pls1 encodes a tetraspanin, which belongs to a class of ... | 2008 | 18339563 |
| norsolorinic acid from aspergillus nidulans inhibits the proliferation of human breast adenocarcinoma mcf-7 cells via fas-mediated pathway. | norsolorinic acid, isolated from the aspergillus nidulans, was investigated for its antiproliferative activity in human breast adenocarcinoma mcf-7 cells. to identity the anticancer mechanism of norsolorinic acid, we assayed its effect on apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and levels of p53, p21/waf1, fas/apo-1 receptor and fas ligand. the results showed that norsolorinic acid induced apoptosis of mcf-7 cells without mediation of p53 and p21/waf1. we suggest that fas/fas ligand apoptotic system ... | 2008 | 18346044 |
| aspergillus nidulans natural product biosynthesis is regulated by mpkb, a putative pheromone response mitogen-activated protein kinase. | the aspergillus nidulans putative mitogen-activated protein kinase encoded by mpkb has a role in natural product biosynthesis. an mpkb mutant exhibited a decrease in sterigmatocystin gene expression and low mycotoxin levels. the mutation also affected the expression of genes involved in penicillin and terrequinone a synthesis. mpkb was necessary for normal expression of laea, which has been found to regulate secondary metabolism gene clusters. | 2008 | 18378656 |
| screening of aspergillus species for occurrence of lectins and their characterization. | ten species of aspergillus were screened for occurrence of lectins. each of the species was investigated for the occurrence of extracellular, surface-bound and intracellular lectin activities. as many as four species namely, aspergillus niger, aspergillus versicolor, aspergillus rugulosus and aspergillus nidulans, were found to possess intracellular lectin activities, while none of the species showed extracellular or surface-bound lectin activities. each of the lectin was characterized with resp ... | 2008 | 18383222 |
| influence of farnesol on the morphogenesis of aspergillus niger. | farnesol was the first quorum-sensing regulator to be found in eukaryotic cells. in candida albicans, a dimorphic fungal human pathogen, farnesol blocks the yeast-to-filamentous growth transition. here we show that in aspergillus niger farnesol acts as an inhibitor of conidiation: colonies grown on media containing farnesol were unable to develop conidia. although farnesol treated a. niger cultures exhibited a colony morphology resembling the "fluffy" phenotype of a. nidulans, which is caused by ... | 2008 | 18383232 |
| the aspergillus nidulans fcyb cytosine-purine scavenger is highly expressed during germination and in reproductive compartments and is downregulated by endocytosis. | we cloned and characterized an aspergillus nidulans gene, called fcyb, encoding the closest homologue to the yeast fcy2p/fcy21p permeases. deletion of fcyb (deltafcyb) does not affect growth, development, reproduction or bulk purine uptake, but eliminates the leaky growth on purines of deltaazgadeltauapcdeltauapa strains, lacking all known purine transporters, and confers resistance to the antifungal 5-fluorocytosine. kinetic analyses showed fcyb is a low-capacity, high-affinity, cytosine-purine ... | 2008 | 18384518 |
| quantifying metabolic activity of filamentous fungi using a colorimetric xtt assay. | the filamentous nature and robust cell walls of many fungi render traditional measurements of active biomass (e.g., turbidity, dry cell weight) ineffective for most fungal bioprocesses. to overcome this challenge, an assay for quantification of overall metabolic activity is developed using 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenly)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2h-tetrazolium hydroxide (xtt), which in the presence of active mitochondria is converted to a water-soluble formazan derivative that absorbs ... | 2008 | 18386938 |
| the nuclear migration protein nudf/lis1 forms a complex with nudc and bnfa at spindle pole bodies. | nuclear migration depends on microtubules, the dynein motor complex, and regulatory components like lis1 and nudc. we sought to identify new binding partners of the fungal lis1 homolog nudf to clarify its function in dynein regulation. we therefore analyzed the association between nudf and nudc in aspergillus nidulans. nudf and nudc directly interacted in yeast two-hybrid experiments via nudf's wd40 domain. nudc-green fluorescent protein (nudc-gfp) was localized to immobile dots in the cytoplasm ... | 2008 | 18390647 |
| polarized growth in fungi--interplay between the cytoskeleton, positional markers and membrane domains. | one kind of the most extremely polarized cells in nature are the indefinitely growing hyphae of filamentous fungi. a continuous flow of secretion vesicles from the hyphal cell body to the growing hyphal tip is essential for cell wall and membrane extension. because microtubules (mt) and actin, together with their corresponding motor proteins, are involved in the process, the arrangement of the cytoskeleton is a crucial step to establish and maintain polarity. in saccharomyces cerevisiae and schi ... | 2008 | 18399939 |
| analysis of aspergillus nidulans metabolism at the genome-scale. | aspergillus nidulans is a member of a diverse group of filamentous fungi, sharing many of the properties of its close relatives with significance in the fields of medicine, agriculture and industry. furthermore, a. nidulans has been a classical model organism for studies of development biology and gene regulation, and thus it has become one of the best-characterized filamentous fungi. it was the first aspergillus species to have its genome sequenced, and automated gene prediction tools predicted ... | 2008 | 18405346 |
| egld, a putative endoglucanase, with an expansin like domain is localized in the conidial cell wall of aspergillus nidulans. | although the process of conidial germination in filamentous fungi has been extensively studied, many aspects remain to be elucidated since the asexual spore or conidium is vital in their life cycle. breakage and reformation of cell wall polymer bonds along with the maintenance of cell wall plasticity during conidia germination depend upon a range of hydrolytic enzymes whose activity is analogous to that of expansins, a highly conserved group of plant cell wall proteins with characteristic wall l ... | 2008 | 18406638 |